A Photograph

Were Not Afraid to Die... if We

Can All Be Together
Discovering Tut: the Saga Continues
The Laburnum Top
Landscape of the Soul
The Voice of the Rain
The Ailing Planet: the Green
Movements Role
The Browning Version
Childhood
The Adventure
Silk Road
Father to Son

Reading Skills

The Portrait of a Lady

HORNBILL

Effective reading is receiving from others

their ideas and feelings.

Effective reading involves

understanding the text

talking about the text

thinking about language

working with words

noticing form and patterns.

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1. The Portrait of a Lady

Khushwant Singh
Notice these expressions in the text.
Infer their meaning from the context.

the thought was almost revolting

an expanse of pure white serenity

a turning-point

accepted her seclusion with

resignation

a veritable bedlam of chirrupings

frivolous rebukes
the sagging skins of the dilapidated
drum

MY grandmother, like everybodys grandmother, was an old

woman. She had been old and wrinkled for the twenty years
that I had known her. People said that she had once been
young and pretty and had even had a husband, but that was
hard to believe. My grandfathers portrait hung above the
mantelpiece in the drawing room. He wore a big turban and
loose-fitting clothes. His long, white beard covered the best
part of his chest and he looked at least a hundred years old.
He did not look the sort of person who would have a wife or
children. He looked as if he could only have lots and lots of
grandchildren. As for my grandmother being young and pretty,
the thought was almost revolting. She often told us of the
games she used to play as a child. That seemed quite absurd
and undignified on her part and we treated it like the fables
of the Prophets she used to tell us.
She had always been short and fat and slightly bent. Her face
was a criss-cross of wrinkles running from everywhere to
everywhere. No, we were certain she had always been as we had
known her. Old, so terribly old that she could not have grown

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older, and had stayed at the same age for twenty years. She could
never have been pretty; but she was always beautiful. She hobbled
about the house in spotless white with one hand resting on her
waist to balance her stoop and the other telling the beads of her
rosary. Her silver locks were scattered untidily over her pale,
puckered face, and her lips constantly moved in inaudible prayer.
Yes, she was beautiful. She was like the winter landscape in the
mountains, an expanse of pure white serenity breathing peace
and contentment.
My grandmother and I were good friends. My parents left me
with her when they went to live in the city and we were constantly
together. She used to wake me up in the morning and get me
ready for school. She said her morning prayer in a monotonous
sing-song while she bathed and dressed me in the hope that I
would listen and get to know it by heart; I listened because I
loved her voice but never bothered to learn it. Then she would
fetch my wooden slate which she had already washed and
plastered with yellow chalk, a tiny earthen ink-pot and a red
pen, tie them all in a bundle and hand it to me. After a breakfast
of a thick, stale chapatti with a little butter and sugar spread on
it, we went to school. She carried several stale chapattis with
her for the village dogs.
My grandmother always went to school with me because
the school was attached to the temple. The priest taught us
the alphabet and the morning prayer. While the children sat in
rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or the
prayer in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the
scriptures. When we had both finished, we would walk back
together. This time the village dogs would meet us at the temple
door. They followed us to our home growling and fighting with
each other for the chapattis we threw to them.
When my parents were comfortably settled in the city, they
sent for us. That was a turning-point in our friendship. Although
we shared the same room, my grandmother no longer came to
school with me. I used to go to an English school in a motor
bus. There were no dogs in the streets and she took to feeding
sparrows in the courtyard of our city house.
As the years rolled by we saw less of each other. For some
time she continued to wake me up and get me ready for school.
When I came back she would ask me what the teacher had
taught me. I would tell her English words and little things of

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western science and learning, the law of gravity, Archimedes

Principle, the world being round, etc. This made her unhappy.
She could not help me with my lessons. She did not believe in
the things they taught at the English school and was distressed
that there was no teaching about God and the scriptures. One
day I announced that we were being given music lessons. She
was very disturbed. To her music had lewd associations. It was
the monopoly of harlots and beggars and not meant for gentlefolk.
She said nothing but her silence meant disapproval. She rarely
talked to me after that.
When I went up to University, I was given a room of my own.
The common link of friendship was snapped. My grandmother
accepted her seclusion with resignation. She rarely left her
spinning-wheel to talk to anyone. From sunrise to sunset she
sat by her wheel spinning and reciting prayers. Only in the
afternoon she relaxed for a while to feed the sparrows. While
she sat in the verandah breaking the bread into little bits,
hundreds of little birds collected round her creating a veritable
bedlam of chirrupings. Some came and perched on her legs,
others on her shoulders. Some even sat on her head. She smiled
but never shooed them away. It used to be the happiest halfhour of the day for her.
When I decided to go abroad for further studies, I was sure
my grandmother would be upset. I would be away for five years,
and at her age one could never tell. But my grandmother could.
She was not even sentimental. She came to leave me at the
railway station but did not talk or show any emotion. Her lips
moved in prayer, her mind was lost in prayer. Her fingers were
busy telling the beads of her rosary. Silently she kissed my
forehead, and when I left I cherished the moist imprint as perhaps
the last sign of physical contact between us.
But that was not so. After five years I came back home and
was met by her at the station. She did not look a day older. She
still had no time for words, and while she clasped me in her
arms I could hear her reciting her prayers. Even on the first day
of my arrival, her happiest moments were with her sparrows
whom she fed longer and with frivolous rebukes.
In the evening a change came over her. She did not pray.
She collected the women of the neighbourhood, got an old drum
and started to sing. For several hours she thumped the sagging
skins of the dilapidated drum and sang of the home-coming

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of warriors. We had to persuade her to stop to avoid overstraining.

That was the first time since I had known her that she did not
pray.
The next morning she was taken ill. It was a mild fever and
the doctor told us that it would go. But my grandmother thought
differently. She told us that her end was near. She said that,
since only a few hours before the close of the last chapter of her
life she had omitted to pray, she was not going to waste any
more time talking to us.
We protested. But she ignored our protests. She lay peacefully
in bed praying and telling her beads. Even before we could
suspect, her lips stopped moving and the rosary fell from her
lifeless fingers. A peaceful pallor spread on her face and we knew
that she was dead.
We lifted her off the bed and, as is customary, laid her on
the ground and covered her with a red shroud. After a few hours
of mourning we left her alone to make arrangements for her
funeral. In the evening we went to her room with a crude stretcher
to take her to be cremated. The sun was setting and had lit her
room and verandah with a blaze of golden light. We stopped
half-way in the courtyard. All over the verandah and in her room
right up to where she lay dead and stiff wrapped in the red
shroud, thousands of sparrows sat scattered on the floor. There
was no chirruping. We felt sorry for the birds and my mother
fetched some bread for them. She broke it into little crumbs,
the way my grandmother used to, and threw it to them. The
sparrows took no notice of the bread. When we carried my
grandmothers corpse off, they flew away quietly. Next morning
the sweeper swept the bread crumbs into the dustbin.

Understanding the text

Mention
1. The three phases of the authors relationship with his grandmother
before he left the country to study abroad.
2. Three reasons why the authors grandmother was disturbed when
he started going to the city school.
3. Three ways in which the authors grandmother spent her days

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after he grew up.

4. The odd way in which the authors grandmother behaved just
before she died.
5. The way in which the sparrows expressed their sorrow when
the authors grandmother died.

Talking about the text

Talk to your partner about the following.
1. The authors grandmother was a religious person. What are the
different ways in which we come to know this?
2. Describe the changing relationship between the author and his
grandmother. Did their feelings for each other change?
3. Would you agree that the authors grandmother was a person strong
in character? If yes, give instances that show this.
4. Have you known someone like the authors grandmother? Do you
feel the same sense of loss with regard to someone whom you have
loved and lost?

Thinking about language

1. Which language do you think the author and his grandmother used
while talking to each other?
2. Which language do you use to talk to elderly relatives in your family?
3. How would you say a dilapidated drum in your language?
4. Can you think of a song or a poem in your language that talks of
homecoming?

Working with words

I.

Notice the following uses of the word tell in the text.

1. Her fingers were busy telling the beads of her rosary.
2. I would tell her English words and little things of Western science
and learning.
3. At her age one could never tell.
4. She told us that her end was near.
Given below are four different senses of the word tell. Match

HORNBILL
the meanings to the uses listed above.
1. make something known to someone in spoken or written
words
2. count while reciting
3. be sure
4. give information to somebody

II. Notice the different senses of the word take.

1. to take to something: to begin to do something as a habit
2. to take ill: to suddenly become ill
Locate these phrases in the text and notice the way they are
used.
III. The word hobble means to walk with difficulty because the legs
and feet are in bad condition.
Tick the words in the box below that also refer to a manner of walking.
haggle

shuffle

stride

ride

waddle

wriggle

paddle

swagger

trudge

slog

Noticing form
Notice the form of the verbs italicised in these sentences.
1. My grandmother was an old woman. She had been old and wrinkled
for the twenty years that I had known her. People said that she had
once been young and pretty and had even had a husband, but that
was hard to believe.
2. When we both had finished we would walk back together.
3. When I came back she would ask me what the teacher had
taught me.
4. It was the first time since I had known her that she did not pray.
5. The sun was setting and had lit her room and verandah with a
golden light.
These are examples of the past perfect forms of verbs. When we recount
things in the distant past we use this form.

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Things to do
Talk with your family members about elderly people who you have
been intimately connected with and who are not there with you now.
Write a short description of someone you liked a lot.

Notes
Understanding the text
The tasks cover the entire text and help in summarising the various
phases of the autobiographical account and are based on the facts
presented.
l

Ask the students to read the text silently, paragraph by paragraph,

and get a quick oral feedback on what the main points of each are.
For example: Para1 description of grandmother and grandfathers
photograph.

At the end of the unit ask students to answer the comprehension

questions first orally and then in writing in point form.
For example, when he went to the:
village school
city school
university

Talking about the text

Peer interaction about the text is necessary before students engage in
writing tasks. The questions raised in this section elicit subjective
responses to the facts in the text and also open up possibilities for relating
the events to the readers own life and establish the universality of the
kind of relationship and feelings described in the text.

Thinking about language

The questions here try to:
l

make the reader visualise the language that must have been used
by the author and his grandmother

think about their own home language

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HORNBILL

find equivalents in their language for English phrases

relate to songs with emotional import in their own language.

Working with words

Highlight different uses of common words like tell and take; words
used for different ways of walking; and semantically-related word
groups. You could add to the items by using the dictionary for
vocabulary enrichment.

Noticing form
Make students notice the use of the past perfect form of the verb that
frequently appear in the text to recount the remote past. You could
practise the form with other examples.

Things to do
Relating the topic of the text to the readers real-life experience; writing
about a person who one holds dear.

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11

A Photograph

Shirley Toulson
The cardboard shows me how it was
When the two girl cousins went paddling,
Each one holding one of my mothers hands,
And she the big girl some twelve years or so.
All three stood still to smile through their hair
At the uncle with the camera. A sweet face,
My mothers, that was before I was born.
And the sea, which appears to have changed less,
Washed their terribly transient feet.
Some twenty thirty years later
Shed laugh at the snapshot. See Betty
And Dolly, shed say, and look how they
Dressed us for the beach. The sea holiday
Was her past, mine is her laughter. Both wry
With the laboured ease of loss.
Now shes been dead nearly as many years
As that girl lived. And of this circumstance
There is nothing to say at all.
Its silence silences.

Infer the meanings of the following words from the context.

paddling

transient

Now look up the dictionary to see if your inference is right.

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Think it out
1. What does the word cardboard denote in the poem? Why has
this word been used?
2. What has the camera captured?
3. What has not changed over the years? Does this suggest
something to you?
4. The poets mother laughed at the snapshot. What did this laugh
indicate?
5. What is the meaning of the line Both wry with the laboured ease of
loss.
6. What does this circumstance refer to?
7. The three stanzas depict three different phases. What are they?

Notes
Poems are included to heighten students sensitivity to literary
writing and to appreciate rhythm and sound patterns in language.
Follow these steps:
l

Read the poem aloud once without the students looking at the
poem. Ask them a few general questions.

Re-read the poem with the students looking at the poem. Ask a
few more questions to check comprehension.

Ask students to read the poem silently and answer the questions
given, first orally and then in writing.

The poem A Photograph is placed after The Portrait of a Lady

because of the thematic relation between the two.

The questions seek to examine factual and infer ential

comprehension, establish empathy and draw attention to the
structure of the poem and choice of words.