Power Factor Regulator User's Guide i. Metering functions - power factor, current & THD for current.

ii. Control parameters functions - power factor, C/K, sensitivity,

A BRIEF OV ERV IEW reconnection time, rated step, switching program & THD Limit.
a iii. Alarm messages function.

AUTO
To access the above functions, press the "MODE/SCROLL" key until
h MANUAL
the light indicator is indicating the desired function. The 3-digit
numeric display will show the value of the selected function. If there
CURRENT
IND CAP are sub-functions on the selected function such as the function for
THD
b "rated step" & "alarm messages", press the "UP" or "DOWN" arrow key
SET Cos
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
c to access these sub-functions.
C/K
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Press "MODE/SCROLL" Press "UP" or "DOWN"
SENSITIVITY
d
i e
RECON TIME Power Factor Step 1
RATED STEPS MODE/
Measurement Coefficient
PROGRAM
SCROLL

SWITCH PROG
Current Step 2
THD LIMIT f Measurement Coefficient
ALARM
g
POWER FACTOR REGULATOR
THD
Step 3
Measurement
Coefficient
a - 3-digit numeric display
b - " CAP " and "IND " indicators(CAP = Capacitive, IND = Inductive) Power Factor
Step 4
Setting
c - Step indicator Coefficient

d - " UP" button C/K

Setting Step 5
e - " MODE /SCROLL " button Coefficient

f - " DOWN " button Sensitivity

Setting Step 6
g - " PROGRAM " button Coefficient
Reconnection
h - " AUTO " and "MANUAL " indicators
Time Setting Step 7
i - Mode indicator Coefficient
Rated Steps
Stepping
1. General Description
Step 14
The power factor regulator combines comprehensive operation with Switching Coefficient
user-friendly control setting. It uses numerical techniques in Pragram Setting
computing the phase difference between the fundamentals of
current and voltage, thus precise power factor measurement is THD Limit
achieved even in presence of harmonics. Setting

The power factor regulator is designed to optimize the control of Alarm Message 1
Alarm
reactive power compensation. Reactive power compensation is
achieved by measuring continuously the reactive power of the Alarm Message 2
system and then compensated by the switching of capacitor banks.
The sensitivity setting optimizes the switching speed. With the built-
in intelligent automatic switching program, the power factor Alarm Message 9
regulator further improves the switching efficiency by reducing the
number of switching operations required to achieve the desired Figure 1: Display Structure
power factor.
3. Metering function
Usage of the capacitor bank is evenly distributed by the intelligent 3.1 Power factor
switching algorithm. This ensures uniform ageing of the capacitors Upon powered up, the numeric display indicates the measured
and the contactors used. power factor of the system. If the "IND" LED lights up, it mean the
system is having inductive power factor. On the other hand, if the
The four-quadrant operation feature allows the power factor "CAP" LED lights up, it means the system is having capacitive power
regulator to operate correctly in the case of active power feed back factor.
to the mains where regenerative power sources are used.
If the power factor regulator detects a re-generative condition where
Harmonic current in the system can be harmful to the capacitor the energy flow is reversed, the power factor display will shown a
bank. This power factor regulator is capable of measuring the total minus sign in front of the power factor reading.
harmonic distortion (THD) in the system and produce an alarm if the
THD level is higher than the pre-set value. Other alarms include When the load current is below the operating range and the power
under/over compensate alarm, under/over current alarm and factor cannot be measured accurately, the numeric display will
under/over voltage alarm. shows "---".
Current transformer (CT) polarity is important in determining the If the power factor regulator has been previously set to other display
correct phase angle different between the current and voltage function, it will automatically return to this power factor display
hence the power factor. This power factor regulator will function if no key is pressed for more than 3 minutes.
automatically correct the CT polarity internally in the event that the
polarity is reversed.
3.2 C urrent
2. Light indication This function display mode is indicated by the "CURRENT" light
The regulator has a 3-digit numeric display and several light indicator. The numeric display shows the true-rms value of the
indicators of which can be functionally divided into 3 categories:- secondary current measured by the 5A current transformer (CT).

1
E xample: 4.4 Reconnection Time
If a 1000/5A CT is used and the display shows "2.50", the primary This is the safety lockout time which is used to prohibit the
measured current is 500A. reconnection of the same capacitor step before it is fully discharged.
This parameter is usually set larger than the discharge time of the
largest capacitor size in used.
3.3 Current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
This mode is indicated by a "THD" light indicator.The numeric display 4.5 Rated Step
shows the total harmonic distortion of the current as according to
Every step in the power factor regulator is programmable except
the formula below.
Step 1. Step 1 is fixed as "1" and it is the smallest capacitor step used.
µ All other steps were programmed as multiple of Step 1.
2

THD = å
n=2
in
i n = nth order harmonic current rms
2 i 1 = Fundamental current rms
i1
This measurement is possible only if the total load is at least 10% of
the rated load. If the THD could not be displayed, the 3 -digit Unless all steps are fully used, the unused steps should be set as
numeric display will show "---". "000". The last step can be programmed as alarm/fan output by
setting the step to "ALA" /"FAn". When the last output is
programmed as alarm output, second last output can be
4. Control Parameters programmed as fan output.
4.1 Target Power Factor (SET Cos )
This set the targeted power factor required when the system is During the programming of the "Step", the corresponding light
under automatic mode. The power factor regulator will switch the indicator for that selected step will light up. Example, number "1"
capacitors in or out in order to achieve this set value. light indicator indicates rated step for contact output number 1.

4.2 C/K If the automatic C/K mode is enabled, the PFR will carry out the
automatic rated step measurement. Therefore, all steps are not
This setting is used to set the switching hysteresis and it is calculated
programmable except alarm/fan output.
based on the smallest size capacitor used.
With automatic C/K selection(C/K set to AtC), the reactive power
compensation is achieved without C/K setting. The PFR will measure 4.6 Switching Program
and evaluate all steps available when necessary and C/K value is then This setting allows the selection of one of the four available
computed. switching algorithms.
The C/K value can also be obtained manually from table 1 or
calculated with the following formula :- a) Manual switching (n-A):
When this switching program is selected, the capacitor steps are
Q´5 2.88 ´ Q controlled manually by the "UP" or "DOWN" keys. The "UP" key will
C/K = » connect the capacitor step and "DOWN" key will disconnect the
3 ´V ´ I V ´I
capacitor step. Steps are switched in a rotational manner based on
where Q = smallest capacitor step (var)
first-in-first-out basis.
V = nominal primary system voltage (V)
I = primary rating of the current transformer (A) b) Rotational switching (rot):
This switching program is similar to the manual switching method
Example:- and it is based on rotational first-in-first-out sequence. Unlike the
If Q= 15kvar; V= 415V; I= 800A manual switching program, this option will automatically switch in
=> C/K = (2.88 x15000)/ (415 x 800) = 0.13 and out the capacitors according to the targeted power factor,
C/K - Value for 415V
sensitivity setting and the reconnection time setting.
Smallest Capacitor in ( kvar )
C.T.
2.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 100 150
50 :5 0.35 0.70 c) Automatic switching (Aut):
60 :5 0.29 0.58 1.16
75 :5 0.23 0.46 0.93 This automatic switching program uses intelligent switching
100 :5 0.17 0.35 0.70 1.04
150 :5 0.12 0.23 0.46 0.70 0.93 1.16 sequence. The step switching sequence is not fixed and the
200 :5 0.09 0.18 0.35 0.52 0.70 0.87 1.04
250 :5 0.07 0.14 0.28 0.42 0.56 0.70 0.83 1.11 program automatically select the most appropriate steps to switch
300 :5 0.06 0.12 0.23 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.70 0.93 1.16
400 :5 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.26 0.35 0.43 0.52 0.70 0.87 1.04 in or out in order to achieve shortest reaction time with minimum
500 :5 0.03 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.56 0.70 0.83
600 :5 0.06 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.29 0.35 0.46 0.58 0.70 1.16 number of steps. For equal ageing of the capacitor and contactors,
800 :5 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.22 0.26 0.35 0.43 0.52 0.87
1000 :5 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.14 0.17 0.21 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.70 1.04
the program will select the least used step to be switched in if
1500 :5 0.09 0.14
2000 :5
0.05
0.03
0.07
0.05 0.07
0.12
0.09 0.10
0.19
0.14
0.23
0.17
0.28
0.21
0.46
0.35
0.70
0.52
there are two equally rated steps.
Table 1: C/K Table for 415V
Under this switching program, the power factor regulator
Note: (i) During automatic C/k measurement(C/K set to AtC), any step with C/K value lower than automatically detects the CT polarity during power up. Once this
0.03 may not be detected and will be excluded from the controlling process. polarity reference is fixed, any subsequent re-generative power
(ii) The user may encounter non-optimized regulating during the initial stage before the C/K
value is determined. condition detected will cause all the capacitor steps to be
disconnected.
4.3 Sensitivity d) Four-quadrant switching (Fqr):
This parameter set the speed of the switching. A larger sensitivity
This switching program is similar to the automatic switching
value will result in slower switching speed and conversely, a smaller
program (Aut) except that this switching program allows the
sensitivity value will result in a faster switching speed. This sensitivity
power factor regulator to operate correctly under both import
applies to both switching on and switching off of the capacitor.
power and export power (re-generative) conditions. Under export
power condition, the active power is fed back to the supply mains
by other energy sources such as solar power etc. If this option is
selected, the installer must ensure that the CT polarity is correctly
wired because the automatic CT polarity correction detection
feature is disabled.

The "Manual" light indicator on the power factor regulator lights up

if the switching program is set to Manual switching (n-A). For
Rotational (rot), Automatic (Aut) and Four-quadrant (Fqr) switching
programs, the "Auto" light indicator on the regulator lights up.
Under normal operating condition, the step indicators indicate the
ON/OFF status of every step. A steady ON light indicates the
particular step is switched in. A blinking light indicates that the
particular step is required to switch in but unable to do so
temporary due to reconnection time lockout.
2
Please note that all the steps will be disconnected if the power factor Alarm Description Delay time Action Alarm outputs
regulator detects a re-generative condition under Rotational (rot) or Message Activate Deactivate LED Relay
thd Current THD exceed set 5 min 2.5 min *5 All steps Blinks On
Automatic (Aut) switching program.
THD Limit disconnected
Lol Current lower than 3% 10 s 5s - Blinks -
4.7 THD Limit rated value
Hil Current exceed 110% of 2 min 1 min - Blinks On
This parameter specifies the limit of total harmonic distortion level rated value
before an alarm is activated (More information on section 6). This LoU voltage lower than 100 ms 5s 5
* All steps Blinks On
function can be disabled by setting the parameter to "oFF". 295VAC of rated value *6 disconnected
HiU Voltage exceed 456VAC 15 min 7.5 min - Blinks On
of rated value *6
4.8 Procedure for Setting the Control Parameters UCo All capacitors are 15 min 7.5 min
Step 1: Select the required item by stepping through all the items connected and the
Blinks On
power factor lower than -
using "MODE/SCOLL" key. The corresponding indicator of the set power factor
selected item will be lit. For "Rated step" setting, the OCo All capacitors are 15 min 7.5 min
individual output can be selected via the "UP" or "DOWN" disconnected and the
Blinks On
keys, the step indicator corresponds to the step number. power factor higher than -
set power factor
ESt Auto C/K or rated step - -
Step 2: Press the "PROGRAM" key once, the indicator of the selected measurement error. -
Blinks -
item will blink to indicate that the system is now in Manual setting required
programming mode. ECt Automatic CT polarity - -
detection error Blinks -

Step 3: Use the "UP" or "DOWN" keys to select the desired value. *5- Automatic switching of steps are prohibited when this alarm occurred.
*6- For 200 ~240V model, LoU is 170V & HiU is 264V
Table 3: Alarm table
Step 4: To save the selected value, press the "PROGRAM" key once,
the indicator stop blinking and the setting is saved. 7. Automatic CT polarity detection
During the power on start-up process, the power factor regulator, if
To abort without saving the selected setting, press the
programmed under Rotational or Automatic switching program,
"MODE/SCROLL" key.
detects the CT polarity and correct it internally if the CT polarity is
Control Indic ation STEP Setting Default reversed. If the power factor regulator is set for Four-quadrant
Paramen ter LED LED* 1 Range Factory switching program, this feature is disabled.
Setting
Target power Factor SET Cos 0.80 Ind - 0.80 Cap 0.98 Ind
C/K C/K 0.03 - 1.20/AtC AtC
8. Programming Lock
The power factor regulator is equipped with a programming lock to
Sensitivity SENSITIVITY 5 - 300 s/step 45 s/step
prevent inadvertent changes to the control parameters. If locked, all
Reconnection Time RECON TIME 5 - 240s 30s
the control parameters can only be viewed at and cannot be
Rated Step*2: Step 1 1 001- 002 - 003 - 004 - changed without unlocking it first.
Step 2 2 005 - 006 - 008 - 012 -
016 To lock or unlock, first ensure that the display is on the power factor
display function mode, then press "PROGRAM" key once followed by
"DOWN" key immediately. Hold the "DOWN" key until the numeric
RATED STEPS 000 - disable 001
display flashes "LOC" or "CLr". "LOC" indicates the power factor
ALA*3 - alarm ouput
regulator is locked and "CLr" indicates the regulator is unlocked.
FAn*4 - fan output

9. Technic al D ata
Step 14 14
9.1 Auxiliary Supply
Switching Program SWITCH PROG n-A - rot - Aut - Fqr Aut
Supply voltage : 200 ~ 240 VAC / 346 ~ 415 VAC
THD Limit THD LIMIT 0.20 - 3.00/ oFF 0.50 Operating Limits : -15% + 10%
*1- Under normal operation except for rated step display, the step indicator indicate step Consumption : 10VA max
ON/OFF status
*2- Number of steps depend on model
Frequency : 50Hz or 60Hz
*3- Only last output can be configured as alarm output
*4- Last output can be configured as fan output, or second last output can be configured 9.2 C urrent Input
as fan output only when last output is configured as alarm output.
Table 2: Parameters setting Rated current , ln : 5A
Operatings Limits : 0.15A - 6.5A
4.9 Reset To Factory Default Setting Rated Frequency : 50Hz or 60Hz
To reset all programmable parameters to factory default, first power
off the power factor regulator. Press the "UP" & "DOWN" keys 9.3 Relay Output
simultaneously while turning on the power and holds it for more Numbers of outputs : 6 / 8 / 12 / 14 ( PFR60 / PFR80 / PFR120/ PFR140)
than 5 sec until the display flashes "dEF" for 3 sec. Now the power Contact arrangment : NO contact type
factor regulator is restored to factory default setting. Rated capacity : 5A 250VAC (Cos ϕ = 1)
Max current for the : 12A continuous
5. Fan Output common terminals
When the fan output is selected, the output will be energized with
9.4 C ontrol Range
any capacitor bank switched ON.
Power factor setting : 0.8 inductive - 0.8 capacitive
C/K setting : 0.03 - 1.00
6. Alarm Switching sensitivity : 5 - 600 s/step
Alarm conditions detected by the power factor regulator are Reconnection time : 5 - 240 s
indicated by the flashing "ALARM" light indicator. The last step of the for same step
regulator, if required, can also be selectively programmed as alarm THD threshold : 0.20 - 3.00 (20% - 300%) / OFF
contact in addition to the "ALARM" indicator. This additional alarm Switching Program : Automatic / Automatic Rotate / Manual/
contact is normally open and it closes when alarm is activated. Four- quadrant
To view the alarm message, press the "MODE/SCROLL" key until the Rated step coefficient : 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 6 / 8 / 12 /16
"ALARM" function is selected. The numeric display will show the
alarm message as according to Table 3 below. If more than one alarm 9.5 Mechanical
messages are recorded, press the "UP" or "DOWN" keys to view the Mounting : Panel mounting
others. The alarm indications are automatically reset to normal once Dimension ( h X w X d) : 144mm X 144mm X 91mm
the alarm conditions are restored. Approximate weight : 1kg

3
10. Typical A pplic ation D iagr am
10.1 Diagram 1 - Without external discharge resistors for 380~415V model
MAIN
N L3 L2 L1

13 1
14 VOLTAGE

Power Factor Regulator

1 2 13
346 ~ 415V model
15 3
2 VOLTAGE
16 4 200 ~ 240V model
P1 3 14
17 5
CURRENT 4
18 6
/5A 5
15
P2 19 7
6
20 11 8
7
21 9
12 8
22 10
13 9
23
14 10
11 F or 200 ~240VAC model only
24 12

FUSE

K14 K13 K2 K1

LOAD

10.2 Diagram 2 - With external discharge resistor

MAIN
N L3 L2 L1

13 1
Power Factor Regulator

14 VOLTAGE 2
1
15 346 ~ 415VAC
2 3
16 4
P1 3
17 5
CURRENT 4
18 6
5
P2 19 7
6
20 11 8
7
21 9
12 8
22 10
13 9
23 11
14 10
24 12

FUSE

K14 K13 K2 K1

External
resistor

LOAD

11. Case D imensions

91mm
144mm 77mm 136mm
144mm

136mm

*Industri Teknologi Mikro Sdn Bhd reserves the right to make changes without futher notice to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design.The figures shown are without obligation.