Epoxy Resins Product Stewardship Manual
Epoxy Resins Product Stewardship Manual
Epoxy Resins Product Stewardship Manual
devices. The resins are essentially inert and will not affect encapsulated parts
or other delicate components.
Coatings. For gas storage vessels, appliances, and other surfaces, including
flooring, wall panels, and laminate boards.
Other applications include filament-wound pipe and pressure vessels,
cements and mortars (including special low-temperature mortars), rigid
foams, non-skid road surfacing, and the solidification of sandy formations in
oil well operations.
Responsible Care is a service mark of the American Chemistry Council in the United States 5
Physical Properties
Table 1: Typical Properties(1) of DOW Liquid Epoxy Resins and Epoxy Novolac Resins
Viscosity Range Specific Heat Specific Gravity Weight @ 25C (77F)
Liquid Epoxy Resins
mPas @ 25C (77F) (2) @ 25C (77F) (3) 25/25C (77F) (4) (Lbs/Gal) (5)
D.E.R. 317 16,000 - 25,000 0.5 1.14 9.5
D.E.R. 321 500 - 700 0.5 1.14 9.5
D.E.R. 324 600 - 800 0.5 1.10 9.2
D.E.R. 325 850 - 2,800 0.5 1.10 9.2
D.E.R. 329 900 - 1,300 0.5 1.16 9.7
D.E.R. 330 7,000 - 10,000 0.5 1.16 9.7
D.E.R. 331 11,000 - 14,000 0.5 1.16 9.7
D.E.R. 332 4,000 - 6,000 0.5 1.16 9.7
D.E.R. 336 9,400 - 11,000 0.5 1.16 9.7
(6)
D.E.R. 337 400 - 800 0.5 1.17 9.8
D.E.R. 351 4,500 - 6,500 0.5 1.17 9.8
D.E.R. 352 5,700 - 7,700 0.5 1.17 9.8
D.E.R. 353 800 - 1,000 0.5 1.12 9.4
D.E.R. 354 3,400 - 4,200 0.5 1.19 9.9
D.E.R. 356 6,500 - 8,000 0.5 1.17 9.8
D.E.R. 358 600 - 750 0.5 1.14 9.5
D.E.R. 361 11,000 - 14,000 0.5 1.16 9.7
D.E.R. 383 9,000 - 10,500 0.5 1.16 9.7
D.E.R. 732(P) 55 - 75 0.4 1.06 8.9
D.E.R. 736(P) 30 - 60 0.4 1.13 9.4
TM
D.E.N. 425 9,500 - 12,500 0.5 1.20 10.0
(7)
D.E.N. 431 1,100 - 1,700 0.5 1.21 10.1
DOWTM Epoxy Resins
TM TM (7)
D.E.N. 438 31,000 - 40,000 0.5 1.22 10.2
(1)
Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications
(2)
ASTM D-445
(3)
Differential scanning calorimeter
(4)
ASTM D-4052
(5)
ASTM D-1963
(6)
Determined as 70% solids in DOWANOL DB glycol ether
(7)
Determined at 51.7C or 125F
100,000 1,000,000
1 D.E.R.TM 331TM
1 D.E.R.TM 732(P)
2 D.E.R. 330
3 D.E.R. 332
100,000 2 D.E.R. 736(P)
4 D.E.R. 383
10,000 1
4
2 10,000
3
Viscosity, mPas
Viscosity, mPas
1,000 1,000
100 1
4 2
100
2
10 1
1
3 2
10 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature, C Temperature, C
(1)
Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications (1)
Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications
Figure 3: Typical Specific Gravity of DOW Liquid Figure 4: Typical Specific Gravity of DOW
Epoxy Resins(1) Epoxy Resins(1)
1.20 1.30
1.19
1 D.E.R.TM 330 1 D.E.N.TM 431
1.18 2 D.E.N.TM 438TM
1 1 D.E.R.TM 331TM
1.17 1 D.E.R. 361 1.24 3 D.E.R.TM 732
1 D.E.R. 332 2 4 D.E.R. 736
1.16 2 D.E.R. 324 1
1.15
Specific Gravity, g/ml
Specific Gravity, g/ml
1.14 1.18
1.13 1
1.12 4
1.11 2 1.12 2
1.10
4
1.09
3
1.08 1.06
2
1.07
1.06 3
1
1.05 1.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Temperature, C Temperature, C
(1)
Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications (1)
Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications
2 D.E.R. 671-X75 2
3
1
1,000
4 2
Viscosity, cps
Viscosity, cps
3
1,000 1
1 100
1 D.E.N.TM 438-EK85
2
2 D.E.R.TM 661-A80
3 D.E.R. 538-A80
4 D.E.N. 439-EK85
10
100 1
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature, C Temperature, C
(1) (1)
Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications
Figure 7: Typical Specific Gravity of DOW Figure 8: Typical Specific Gravity of DOW
Solution Epoxy Resins(1) Solution Epoxy Resins(1)
1.12 1.24
1.22
1 D.E.N.TM 438-A85
1 D.E.R.TM 671-X75
1.10 1 D.E.N. 438-EK85
1 D.E.R. 671-T75 1.20
2 D.E.N. 439-EK85
2 D.E.R. 671-XM75
3 D.E.R.TM 61-A80
1 1.18 4 D.E.N. 438-MK75
1.08 2 1.16
Specific Gravity, g/ml
Specific Gravity, g/ml
2
1.14 1
1.06 1.12
1 2
1.10 3 1
4
1.04 1.08
2 3
4
1.06
1.02 1.04
1.02
1.00 1.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature, C Temperature, C
(1) (1)
Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications Typical properties; not to be construed as specifications
Table 3: Typical Properties (1) and Handling Characteristics of DOW Solid Epoxy Resins
Eye Contact
Eye contact with liquid D.E.R. or D.E.N. Epoxy Resins should be avoided,
but is expected to result in only slight transient pain and irritation.
Inhalation
For D.E.R. Liquid Epoxy Resins and D.E.N. Liquid Epoxy Novolac
Resins, inhalation of vapors is not considered to be a problem due to low
vapor pressures at room temperature.
Ingestion
All D.E.R. Liquid Epoxy Resins and D.E.N. Liquid Epoxy Novolac Resins
listed in Table 1, page 6, are low in acute oral toxicity. The single oral LD50
value (i.e. the lethal dose for 50% of the laboratory rats) is greater than 2,000
mg/kg of body weight (the highest dose usually tested).
Skin Contact
If skin contact should occur, liquid or solution epoxy resins should be
promptly wiped from the skin with clean disposable cloths or paper towels(1).
The affected area should then be washed thoroughly with soap and plenty of
water. Some resins may be sticky and difficult to remove but the use of shop
solvents is not recommended because solvents may facilitate absorption of the
resin through the skin.
Any contaminated clothing, including shoes, should be removed and should
not be reused until the articles are thoroughly laundered and entirely free of
resin. Any injuries or irritation that may occur should receive prompt medical
attention.
Contact with D.E.R. or D.E.N. Liquid, Solid, or Solution Epoxy Resins
may cause skin irritation. Some may also cause skin sensitization. See pages
11 to 13 for more details. Delayed contact dermatitis may result from
repeated exposure to the lower molecular weight resins; thus, all skin contact
with uncured resins should be avoided.
Eye Contact
If the eyes are contaminated, they should be flushed immediately with a
continuous stream of low-pressure water. Medical attention should be
obtained promptly.
Some D.E.R. and D.E.N. Liquid, Solid, and Solution Epoxy Resins may be
irritating to the eyes. Contact may be quite painful and may cause both
irritation of the conjunctival membranes and corneal injury. Suitable
protection should be worn to protect the eyes, such as safety glasses with side
shields, chemical goggles, or chemical goggles with face shields, depending on
the specific epoxy product and work environment.
(1)
To eliminate the possibility of secondary or tertiary exposure, be certain that these
materials are disposed of properly.
DOWTM Epoxy Resins
Precautions
Epoxy resins may cause skin and eye irritation and sensitization, and may be
harmful if inhaled. Epoxy resins can also cause thermal burns when heated.
Thus, exposure to, or contact with, D.E.R. and D.E.N. Liquid, Solid and
Solution Epoxy Resins and formulations should be avoided. This is best done
by handling these materials in an enclosed system. If this is not possible or
feasible, the following precautions and recommendations can be helpful in
preventing health problems:
Avoid skin and eye contact.
Avoid breathing dusts, mists or vapors.
Avoid working in dusty environments.
Do not take internally.
Avoid contact with clothing and shoes. Do not wear or reuse contaminated
articles until they are thoroughly cleaned.
Have all personnel maintain strict cleanliness of themselves and of their
work area. There is no substitute for strict cleanliness and careful
housekeeping.
Wash hands, forearms, face and neck thoroughly before taking a break,
eating, smoking, drinking or using toilet facilities.
Note: There should be no smoking, eating or drinking in the epoxy work area.
Separate all epoxy resin work areas from other work areas to limit the
exposure of employees who are unfamiliar with proper handling practices
for epoxy resins, and who may be exposed to contaminated tools and
equipment.
Educate all personnel on the potential consequences of exposure.
Use volatile agents only in properly ventilated areas.
DOWTM Epoxy Resins
Material Classification
Many classification systems have been established by technical societies,
industrial committees, the federal governments of NAFTA and the European
Union. The purpose of these classification systems is to alert industrial users,
employees, transportation operators, and those in the health professions of
any potential hazards associated with a specific product. The global
classification systems used in Tables 5, 6, and 7 are from the Department of
Transportation and the National Fire Protection Association in the United
States and the European Union.
DOWTM Epoxy Resins
(1)
Abbreviation for Saybolt Universal Seconds. Viscosity is expressed in S.U.S., as determined by the Standard Method of Test for Saybolt Viscosity, ASTM D 88, and
may be determined by use of the S.U.S. conversion tables specified in ASTM Method D 2161, following determination of viscosity in accordance with the procedures
specified in the Standard Method of Test for Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids.
22
Handling and Transportation
NFPA classifications for liquids are:
Class IA Flash point below 22.8C (73F) and boiling point below 37.8C
(100F)
Class IB Flash point below 22.8C (73F) and boiling point at or above
37.8C (100F)
Class IC Flash point at or above 22.8C (73F) and below 37.8C (100F)
Class II Flash point at or above 37.8C (100F) and below 60C (140F)
Class III Flash point at or above 60C (140F) and below 93.3C (200F)
Class IIIB Flash point at or above 93.3C (200F)
Certain solids, when heated, may become liquid and give off vapors. When in
a liquid state, such solids should be treated as liquids having similar flash
points.
23
Handling and Transportation
International Shipments
Shipments From or Within the United States
Air or marine shipments from the United States must conform to the
regulations and requirements contained in the International Maritime
Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code (for marine shipments) and the International
Air Transport Associations Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA DGR) code
(for air shipments).
Tank Cars
D.E.R. and D.E.N. Epoxy Resins are shipped in insulated steel tank cars
(Figure 9) equipped with outside heating coils. Capacities of 40 and 80 m3
(10,000 and 20,000 gallons) are available.
Unloading D.E.R. and D.E.N. Liquid and Solution Epoxy Resins from tank
cars requires that the customer have an unloading pump at or near the
railroad siding. Figure 10, shows a typical unloading station. The resin is
removed from the bottom of the car using a flexible metal hose or hose lined
with PTFE resin on the suction side of the pump.
Most of the tank cars used by Dow have, on the bottom outlet, a tank car
adaptor with an external 50-mm (2-inch) plug valve to which the customer
can connect the unloading hose. Quick coupling hose connections are
commonly used, but flanged connections may also be used.
As shown in Figure 10, a bleed-down connection is recommended between the
tank car adaptor and the quick coupling. This connection allows the resin to
be drained from the hose into a bucket rather than spilling the resin on the
ground (when disconnecting the hose). The unloading hose should terminate
at the suction side of the unloading pump
Figure 10: Tank car unloading station with typical hook-up for loading or
unloading epoxy resins. (A flexible unloading hose with a special
tank car adapter, bleed-point and quick coupling is connected to
the bottom of the tank car.)
(1)
55 to 70C (131 to 158F) for epoxy novolac resins.
stored without heat. Thus, bulk storage tanks for resins like these should be
equipped to prevent any pressure build-up in the tank. For example, vertical-
type pencil heaters, used to melt a path for the suction heater or heating coil
to the surface of the resin, may be appropriate. Also, care should be used in
the piping design to allow for the melting of the crystallized resin.
Gear
Pump Tank Recycle Line Pressure Gauge
Emergency Vent
2" T/T Unloading Block Valve
Hose 30' Maximum
are stable in storage. However, flakes of D.E.R. 642U, D.E.R. 661, D.E.R.
662E, and D.E.R. 671 Epoxy Resins tend to fuse during summer months
unless they are stored in a cool place. Although the flakes may fuse together to
form blocks of resin, the properties and performance of the resins are not
altered. The blocks of solid resin are crumbly and can be easily broken into
small pieces and become airborne. The only effect is some handling
inconvenience. Other D.E.R. Solid Epoxy Resins do not normally fuse in
storage.
Handling and transporting D.E.R. and D.E.N. Solid Epoxy Resins
commonly result in the formation of dusts. This dust, when suspended in
the air, is flammable and, if not properly handled, can be a fire and
explosion hazard. Effective dust control equipment and practices and good
general housekeeping are essential for safe handling of solid epoxy resins.
All grinding operations and pneumatic conveying systems should be
carefully designed to minimize or control dust hazards. Conveying systems,
in particular, tend to pulverize the resins, increasing the fines. For
additional information on dusts and their fire and explosion hazards, please
refer to Fire and Explosion Hazards on page 38.
Pressure Regulator
Thermometer
Reference with Thermowell
Nozzle API-650
2" Male Quick Welded Steel Tank
Low-Pressure Steam
Coupling (1/4" Minimum Thickness)
(Note: If hot water is
with Cover D/P Cell used, put water in the
bottom of the exchanger.)
Eductor Filter
Relief Valve Relief Valve
Emergency
Block Valve
Gear Pump Tank Pressure Gauge
Recycle Vent
2" T/T Unloading Line
Hose 30' Maximum
Storage
tanks, all factors pertinent to a
covered and stored under ambient particular application must be
conditions. Before heating, the bungs considered. These include: desired
should be loosened, and proper rate of tank warm-up; heat losses to
venting should be provided for the The capacity of the storage tank the atmosphere; temperature and
volatiles that may escape. Excessive should be large enough to hold the capacity of heat source available;
heating should be avoided. Drums amount of epoxy resin normally amount of agitation available for
into which epoxy resins are being shipped in a maximum capacity tank tank contents; the geometry and
transferred should conform to U.S. car or tank truck, plus several days space limitations of the proposed
DOT and European requirements. additional working inventory. installation, etc. Internal pipe coil
Consider over-sizing the tank heaters may be appropriate where
Storage Equipment sufficiently (15-20%) to create a quick heat-up is not necessary, and
space to accommodate resin bubbles where heat losses are small or limited
Tanks created by the gas flow used to clear by tank insulation. The coils should
Tanks made of carbon steel are the piping. If a suction heater is used be located near the bottom of the
generally suitable for storage of in the tank, additional capacity tank and should be sized to give
D.E.R. and D.E.N. Liquid and should be allowed for the heel. Also, sufficient heat transfer surface, both
Solution Epoxy Resins above when calculating tank size, allow to provide the required heat-up rate
ground. Vertical tanks are sufficient freeboard for liquid and to take care of heat losses to the
recommended since they are usually expansion while heating. A suitable atmosphere. Uniform temperature of
more economical to install, occupy foundation is required for all resin the tank contents can be achieved by
less space, and provide more storage tanks. using the tank pump to circulate the
accurate tank gauging. However, contents over the tank heating coil.
horizontal tanks may also be used. Heating
For tanks that are not kept at
In accordance with NFPA Rule 30. For rapid transfer and ease of elevated temperatures, and where
17, Item 2-1.31 (b), a vertical tank, handling, the viscosity of D.E.R. and quick heat-up of the material to be
designed to American Petroleum D.E.N. Liquid and Solution Epoxy pumped is desired, suction heaters
Institute (API) Standard 650, is the Resins should be from 200 to 400 are recommended. A typical
minimum that is satisfactory for any mPas. This normally requires that installation is shown in Figure 13.
liquid or solution D.E.R. or D.E.N. the liquid or solution resin be heated.
See Recommended Pumping and Although a suction heater is expensive,
Epoxy Resin. Since vertical tanks are it offers many advantages. It heats
available in a variety of diameters, Storage Temperatures in Tables 5,
6, and 7 on pages 19-21. These only the material being pumped, it
heights, and plate thicknesses, prices permits quick withdrawal of resin
will vary. Before purchasing a tank, temperatures can be achieved using
low-pressure steam (1.03 to 1.72 bar from a cold tank, and it facilitates
furnish the tank supplier with the faster warm-up of the entire tank
required capacity and specific gravity [15 to 25 psig]) or hot water heaters.
when recirculation is used.
of the epoxy resin to be stored. Note: Do not use steam heating for
Tanks that have flanged connections, solution epoxy resins in acetone.
and are built to API 650 specifications Instead, because of the high vapor
are acceptable, but are not mandatory pressure of the acetone, use hot
for storing epoxy resins. water with a 54C (129F)
maximum water temperature.
(15 Btu/hr/ft2/F).
Figure 13: Traced and insulated piping connects tank suction heater to
positive displacement pump
For quick tank heat-up and good mixing within the tank, the use of tank
eductors should be considered, particularly for mixing when starting with cold
material. The use of eductors is shown in Figures 11 and 12, pages 28 and 30.
Proper sizing of the pump and the eductors is necessary to ensure sufficient
velocity through the eductors. The more economical eductor models are 40
mm (11/2 inches) in size. The recycle flow is usually varied to give sufficient
volume to effectively mix the material in the tank. The vendor can usually
supply curves of pressure drop and pumping capacity. If an agitator is
required, a top-entering agitator should be used.
In all heated tank systems, it is recommended that the design include
provisions to keep pipe coils or suction heater coils submerged at all times.
Heaters should be mounted as low in the tank as possible. In areas where
temperatures are not expected to drop below freezing for extended periods,
25 mm (1 inch) dense fiberglass insulation is generally sufficient. For colder
temperatures, at least 50 mm (2 inches) of insulation should be used. The
insulation should be covered with an aluminum weather barrier.
Venting/Gas Padding
Storage tanks should be vented to prevent either excessive pressure or vacuum
from occurring in the tank during filling or emptying. The vent opening
should be so constructed that neither rain nor dirt can enter the tank.
For solution epoxy resin storage, an inert gas pad system is strongly
recommended. This system requires a source of dry inert gas in sufficient
volume to allow for emptying the tank, small leaks, and temperature
variations. The purposes of the dry inert gas pad are: (1) to avoid the
possibility of an explosion by preventing air from entering the vapor space
32
over the liquid, and (2) to prevent the
loss of appreciable quantities of
For nitrogen padded tanks, an
solvent. It also helps to keep moisture
additional 75-mm (3-inch) reference
Storage
out of the tank. A pressure regulator
nozzle is located at the top of the
control valve can allow incoming dry Grounding
tank. A spare nozzle at least 75 mm
gas to build to some preset pressure, Storage tanks, reactors, and
(3 inches) in diameter on the top of
such as 8.5 mbar (2 ounce/square formulating vessels must be
the tank will allow manual readings
inch). Then a Pressure-Vacuum Relief grounded to prevent static electricity
with a tape; this is an economical
Valve (PVRV) with a flame arrestor build-up.
way to make measurements and also
can be set to bleed off the gas if the
to check the accuracy of any gauging Solution resin storage tank loading
pressure exceeds, for example, 17
system used. lines should have a dip leg inside the
mbar (4 ounce/square inch). The
vacuum part of the PVRV should be Knowing the temperature of the resin tank which extends near the bottom
specified in accordance to the tank is necessary to calculate accurately of the tank, or the tank should be
manufacturers recommendations. the quantity of resin in the tank. A equipped with a static chain from the
dial thermometer in a thermowell at inlet nozzle to the tank bottom.
In addition to the vent system, an Either of these devices will help
least 90 cm (36 inches) from the
Emergency Relief Valve (ERV) is also prevent a static electric spark.
bottom of the tank is recommended.
required. This relief valve might be Provisions should be made for
The thermometer should extend into
set at 25.5 mbar (6 ounce/square positive attachment of all grounds to
the tank at least 45 cm (18 inches).
inch.) pressure. Also the emergency ensure dissipation of all static
valve should be selected to handle the Other Design Considerations charges. Unsecured grounds should
flows given in National Bureau of not be permitted.
Tanks located outdoors should be
Fire Underwriters Bulletin No. 30.
insulated. The amount of insulation
Figure 11, page 28, shows a typical Filtration
needed depends on the climate.
storage tank set-up for liquid epoxy
There should be sufficient insulation All D.E.R. and D.E.N. Liquid
resins; and Figure 12, page 30, shows
to allow the resin to be heated and Epoxy Resins and Solution Epoxy
an inert gas padded storage tank
maintained at working temperatures. Resins are carefully filtered at the
arrangement for solution epoxy
Tanks stored inside buildings that are time of loading for shipment. This
resins.
kept warm during the winter may be filtration removes suspended
Note: If a desiccant-type dryer is uninsulated if ample coil heaters or particles that are 25 microns or
connected to the vent line, the suction heaters are provided; larger in size. However, even after
installation of a Pressure-Vacuum however, insulation may be required this careful filtering, foreign particles
Relief Valve is also recommended. for personnel protection. are sometimes picked up during
This is necessary because of the risk handling of the resins. Therefore, it is
Tank loading lines may connect at
of plugging the dryer. recommended that a Fulflo brand
the top or bottom of the tank. With a
filter or equivalent be installed as
Gauging (Level Indication) top connection, the resin should be
close to the point of use as is
fed through a dip pipe toward the
Gauging on the tank must be provided. practical in the pump discharge line
tank bottom. This will help reduce
Sight glasses are not recommended leading from the storage tank.
electrostatic charge. See the following
because of the possibility of leakage Typically, the flow rate per filter tube
section on Grounding. Steel or
and increased safety hazards. should not exceed 4 liters/minute
ductile iron block valves are
Small tanks can be installed on scales. (1 gpm) at 200 mPas and should be
recommended at the tank nozzles,
Other methods, such as differential less if the viscosity of the epoxy resin
which are normally submerged by
pressure with a pneumatic or electrical is above 200 mPas. Decreasing the
the resin. A bottom drain valve is
read-out system, electronic probe- flow to 2 or 3 liters per minute (1/2
desirable for draining the tank.
type or weigh cells, also work well or 3/4 gpm) at 200 mPas will likely
but are more expensive. Most achieve better filtration.
applications use a 75-mm (3-inch)
diameter differential pressure cell
located at the bottom of the tank.
34
The design of a piping system should
prevent excessive strain by including
Storage
proper support for the pipe.
Piping Provisions must also be made for
contraction and expansion.
Piping systems used in handling
epoxy resins may be constructed of The piping system should be
carbon steel, stainless steel, or pressure-checked before being placed For epoxy resin handling, flanged
aluminum. Carbon steel, however, is in service, and the lines should be ductile iron plug valves having plastic
recommended. Piping systems cleaned and dried before filling them sleeves made of PTFE resin are more
require suitable insulation and, in with epoxy resin. economical than flanged ball valves.
most cases, low-pressure steam, hot If possible, install the lines with small Flanged valves, of 50 mm (2 inches)
water, or self-limiting electrical drain valves at the low points to or more in size, are recommended;
tracing. make it easy to drain the lines screwed steel ball valves are best in
completely. sizes 40 mm (11/2 inches) or less.
Flanged and jacketed pipes, valves,
Gear-operated handles are
and fittings are the most efficient, but The size of the lines depends on the recommended on plug valves over
most expensive, system that can be quantity of material flowing, the 75 mm (3 inches). Air pistons allow
used. Steel pipe having welded steel length of the pipe line, the the valves to be operated remotely
fittings, wrapped with copper tube temperature of the material, and the and are efficient and convenient.
tracing and insulation, is more head available. As a rule of thumb, Standard gaskets filled with PTFE,
economical than jacketed systems, for D.E.R. and D.E.N. Liquid or reinforced graphite flat ring gaskets
but requires more maintenance. Epoxy Resins and Solution Epoxy for pipe flanges, are satisfactory.
Threaded connections tend to leak Resins: Some of the more viscous resins,
more frequently than flanged 4 liters/minute (one gpm) is such as D.E.N.TM 438TM Epoxy
connections. Therefore, welded and provided by a 25-mm (1-inch) line Novolac Resin, require partially
flanged connections are recommended. jacketed plug type valves with
40 liters/minute (10 gpm) are
If threaded connections on steel pipes plastic sleeves of PTFE. The
provided by a 40-mm (11/2-inch)
are used, nylon thread compound, line more viscous epoxy resins also
plus a thread tape made of PTFE require more insulation of the
120 liters/minute (30 gpm) are
resin, should be used. provided by a 50-mm (2-inch) line pipelines, valves, and other
equipment.
500 liters/minute (125 gpm) are
provided by a 75-mm (3-inch) line Loading and Unloading Hoses
(when pumping at recommended
temperatures and pressures) Stainless steel flexible hoses are
generally recommended for D.E.N.
Solution Epoxy Resins. Composite
hoses are typically used for loading
and unloading D.E.R. Liquid Epoxy
Resins.
T he following section provides a brief overview of the nature of, and the
need for, emergency planning. It also briefly describes the process by
which effective emergency planning can be achieved. For example, it is
strongly recommended that emergency plans be developed in cooperation
with local fire and police departments and other appropriate community
officials and organizations. The use of emergency planning materials prepared
by the American Chemistry Council (ACC) is also recommended. See References
on page 37. Finally, procedures for keeping the local media fully informed
should also be included.
Crisis Management
The first step in emergency planning for an existing plant or other facility as
outlined by the ACC is crisis management, which begins with an identification
and description of the crisis or emergency to be planned. See ACC References
1 and 2. The crisis management process then proceeds through 34 additional
steps related to planning, preparation, mobilization, response, recovery, and
post-incident follow up.
The recommended procedures are comprehensive and cover all aspects of the
potential emergency, including warning alarms, evacuation, assembly areas,
escape routes, personnel accountability, communications equipment and
personnel, chain of command, notification of authorities, and media relations.
Again, if your plant does not have a crisis management plan in place, one
should be developed and put in place as soon as possible. It is also
recommended that the plan be based on the recommendations and procedures
as outlined by the ACC in References 1 and 2.
DOWTM Epoxy Resins
37
Emergency Planning Overview
41
Emergency Planning Overview
North America
Plastics Products Information Customer Information Group
+1 800 441-4369 (toll free in U.S.A.) from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern Time or
+1 (989) 832-1426 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern Time
+800 3 694 6367# (toll free) from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Central European Time
+800 783 825 (toll free) Italy
0800 99 5078 (toll free) South Africa
+32 3 450 2240 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Central European Time
+32 3 450 2815 (24 hours fax)
#
International toll free call from Austria , Belgium, Denmark, Finland (prefix
990), France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
Emergency Response
Terneuzen, Netherlands
+31 115 69 4982
Emergency Medical Information +31 115 69 4982
Benelux: Belgium/Netherlands
Terneuzen, Netherlands +31 115 69 4982
Finland
Hamina, Finland +358 5 730 2400
France
Drusenheim, France +33 388 53 3676
Germany
Stade, Germany +49 4146 91 2333
Product Safety Information, Rheinmuenster, Germany +49 7227 91 2200
Greece
Lavrion, Greece +30 2920 62297
Iberia: Spain/Portugal
Tarragona, Spain +34 977 54 3620
India
Mumbai, India +91 22 6797 8600
Italy
Livorno/Priolo, Italy +39 335 697 9115
Scandinavia: Sweden/Norway/Denmark
Norrkoeping, Sweden +46 8 640 9011
Switzerland/Austria
Product Safety Information, Rheinmuenster, Germany +49 7227 91 2200
Turkey
Dilovasi, Turkey +90 262 754 5174
United Kingdom/Eire
Kings Lynn, United Kingdom +44 1553 76 1251
46
Appendix
Asia Pacific
Customer Information Group
+800 7776 7776# (toll free)
+60 (3) 7958 3392
#
except Indonesia and Vietnam
Emergency Response
Australia
1800 033 882 (toll free)
China
+86 (532) 8388 9090
Hong Kong
+852 2431 3300
Indonesia
+62 (254) 571 369
Japan
Emergency Response +81 (120) 001017
Product Safety Information +81 (3) 5460 2100
Korea
+82 (2) 551 0601
Malaysia
1800 80 1255 (toll free)
Philippines
+63 (43) 485 0411
Singapore
1800 332 3543 (toll free), +65 6332 3543
Taiwan
+886 (49) 226 0560
Thailand
+66 (3) 868 3210
Vietnam
+84 (903) 996 653
47
Appendix
Latin America
Customer Information Group
+55 (11) 5188 9222
Emergency Response
Argentina
+54 (3476) 43 8600 or +54 (291) 459 1400 or +54 (291) 459 1563
Brazil
Guaruja +55 (13) 3358 8226
Bahia +55 0800 282 5015
Chile
+56 (41) 50 8300
Colombia
+57 (5) 668 8000
Costa Rica
+57 (5) 668 8000 or +52 (241) 412 7143
Ecuador
+57 (5) 668 8000
Mexico
+52 (241) 412 7143 or +1 800 369 0000 (toll free)
Dow U.S.A. Emergency 1 (979) 238-2112 or 1 880 369-2436
Peru
+57 (5) 668 8000 or +51 (1) 264 0012
Puerto Rico
+57 (5) 668 8000 or +52 (241) 412 7143
Venezuela
+57 (5) 668 8000
48
Contact Information:
North America: +1 800 441-4369
+1 (989) 832-1426
+1 (989) 832-1465 (fax)
Mexico: +1 800 441-4369
Brazil: +55 (11) 5188 9222
+55 (11) 5188 9749 (fax)
Europe: +800 3 694 6367
+32 3 450 2240
+32 3 450 2815 (fax)
Asia Pacific: +800 7776 7776#
+800 7776 7779# (fax)
+60 3 7958 3392
+60 3 7958 5598 (fax)
#
Except Indonesia and Vietnam
http://www.dowepoxy.com
Notice: No freedom from any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. The
information provided herein is presented in good faith and is based on the best of Dows knowledge, information, and belief. Since use conditions at non-Dow
facilities are beyond Dows control and government requirements may differ from one location to another and may change with time, it is solely the Buyers
responsibility to determine whether Dows products are appropriate for the Buyers use, and to assure the Buyers workplace, use, and disposal practices are in
compliance with applicable government requirements. Consequently, Dow assumes no obligation or liability for use of these materials and makes no warranty,
express or implied. The user of the information provided is solely responsible for compliance with any applicable government requirements. NO WARRANTIES
ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. Dow
does not endorse any third party products referenced in this document.
References to Dow or the Company mean The Dow Chemical Company and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise expressly noted.
49