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    Cauchy-Legendre de IIorder

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    Nikhilesh Prabhakar
    This document discusses two types of second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients that can be reduced to constant coefficient forms: (1) Cauchy-Euler differential equations of the form x^2 D^2 + pxD + qy = R(x) can be reduced to constant coefficient form through a substitution involving logarithms. (2) Cauchy-Legendre differential equations of the form (ax + b)^2 D^2 + p(ax + b)D + qy = R(x) can also be reduced to constant coefficient form through a similar logarithmic substitution. Once reduced to constant coefficient form, these types of differential equations can be solved using methods for constant coefficient differential

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    Cauchy-Legendre de IIorder

    Uploaded by

    Nikhilesh Prabhakar
    4K views2 pages
    This document discusses two types of second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients that can be reduced to constant coefficient forms: (1) Cauchy-Euler differential equations of the form x^2 D^2 + pxD + qy = R(x) can be reduced to constant coefficient form through a substitution involving logarithms. (2) Cauchy-Legendre differential equations of the form (ax + b)^2 D^2 + p(ax + b)D + qy = R(x) can also be reduced to constant coefficient form through a similar logarithmic substitution. Once reduced to constant coefficient form, these types of differential equations can be solved using methods for constant coefficient differential

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    Cauchy-Legendre de IIorder

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    This document discusses two types of second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients that can be reduced to constant coefficient forms: (1) Cauchy-Euler differential equations of the form x^2 D^2 + pxD + qy = R(x) can be reduced to constant coefficient form through a substitution involving logarithms. (2) Cauchy-Legendre differential equations of the form (ax + b)^2 D^2 + p(ax + b)D + qy = R(x) can also be reduced to constant coefficient form through a similar logarithmic substitution. Once reduced to constant coefficient form, these types of differential equations can be solved using methods for constant coefficient differential

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4K views2 pages

    Cauchy-Legendre de IIorder

    Uploaded by

    Nikhilesh Prabhakar
    This document discusses two types of second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients that can be reduced to constant coefficient forms: (1) Cauchy-Euler differential equations of the form x^2 D^2 + pxD + qy = R(x) can be reduced to constant coefficient form through a substitution involving logarithms. (2) Cauchy-Legendre differential equations of the form (ax + b)^2 D^2 + p(ax + b)D + qy = R(x) can also be reduced to constant coefficient form through a similar logarithmic substitution. Once reduced to constant coefficient form, these types of differential equations can be solved using methods for constant coefficient differential

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Linear Second Order Differential Equations with variable coefficients,

    reducible to constant coefficients

    (A) Cauchy-Euler DE of second order : A linear differential equation of the form

    x 2 D2 pxD q y R(x) , (DE1)

    d
    where D and p,q are constants, is called Cauchy-Euler DE of second order.
    dx
    Consider the substitution

    x ez z log e x .
    or (1)
    d
    Denoting , we can show that
    dz
    xD ; x 2 D2 ( 1) (2)

    Using (1) and (2) in (DE1), we get a differential equation with constant coefficients, which can be
    solved using the methods such as the method of undetermined coefficients / variation of parameters.

    (B) Cauchy-Legendre DE of second order : A linear differential equation of the form

    (ax b)2 D2 p(ax b)D q y R(x) , (DE2)

    d
    where D and p,q are constants, is called Cauchy-Legendre DE of second order.
    dx
    Consider the substitution

    ax b e z or z log e (ax b) . (1)


    d
    Denoting , we can show that
    dz
    (ax b)D a ; (ax b) 2 D2 a 2 ( 1) (2)

    Using (1) and (2) in (DE2), we get a differential equation with constant coefficients, which can be
    solved using the methods such as the method of undetermined coefficients / variation of parameters.

    Note : Eulers equation is a special case of Legendres equation. It is obtained by substituting a 1


    and b 0 in the Legendres DE.
    Problems :

    1. Solve the following differential equations :

    Differential Equation Answer


    (i) x 2 y '' xy ' y log( x) y (c1 c2 log x) x log x 2
    (ii) x y '' xy ' y log( x)sin(log x)
    2
    1 1
    y c1 cos(log x) c2 sin(log x) (log x)2 cos(log x) log(log x)sin(log x)
    4 4
    (ii) (3x 2) y '' 3(3x 2) y ' 36 y 3x 4 x 1 y c1 cos(ln(1 x)) c2 sin(ln(1 x)) 2ln(1 x)sin(ln(1 x))
    2 2

    (iii) (1 x)2 y '' (1 x) y ' y 4cos(ln(1 x)) 1


    y c1 (3x 2)2 c2 (3x 2)2 [(3x 2)2 ln(3x 2) 1]
    108

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