Shell Occupational Health Hazard Inventory
Shell Occupational Health Hazard Inventory
Shell Occupational Health Hazard Inventory
Author:
SIL Health Services: S.A. Margary, HE/2
Contributors:
SIL Health Services specialists
SIPC Oil Products Corporate HSE Adviser; OP Business HSE focal points
The copyright in this document (or software) is vested in Shell International Limited. All rights
reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document (or software) may be reproduced, stored in
any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owner.
Risk assessment is further described in the Risk Assessment Matrix (ref 2) Yellow Guide. This includes a
Group standard risk assessment matrix with overlays to allow risks to be categorised as low, medium or high.
The Yellow Guide also gives additional guidance on other applications of the Risk Assessment Matrix, for
which different overlays are available.
Experience to date has shown that the inclusion of health risks in these processes is often not given
appropriate priority by OUs or not included at all. This inventory has been compiled to assist OUs in
identifying those health hazards (and therefore potential health risks) relevant to their operations,
assigning Consequence Categories as an indicator of the potential for harm to people to assist in the
assessment of risk, and providing a list of recommended guidance documents on exposure controls
and control standards.
These data are also key inputs to Health Risk Assessment (ref 3 and ref 4) (HRA). HRA is the process by
which health risks are addressed as part of HEMP within the HSE-MS of an Operating Unit and should cover
all physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological health hazards associated with work. In
addition, all activities within the scope of the HSE-MS of an OU should be subject to HRA regardless of
whether they are considered HSE Critical. It is important to note that, HRA is sometimes mistakenly seen to
be the sole responsibility of health professionals; whilst health professionals certainly have a valuable role to
play, HRA is a line responsibility, and this guide is intended to help line managers with this important element
of HSE-MS implementation.
1. Group Procedure for an HSE Management System March 1997 (for additional detail, see SHSE Panel
Yellow Guide: Health Safety and Environment Management System, 1994)
2. SHSE Panel: Risk Assessment Matrix, 1999 (rev)
3. SHSE Panel: Health Risk Assessment, July 2001
4. SHSE Panel: Minimum Health Management Standards, July 2001
Further advice and guidance on health matters is available from Occupational Health specialists in SIL-
Health Services (HE/2), based in London and The Hague.
Contacts: G. de Jong (Occupational Physician), Alison Margary (Occupational Hygienist), Harrie Rensink
(Human Factors Engineer)
For more general guidance on the implementation of HSE MS in Oil Products, contact the OP HSE MS
implementation adviser, OXXM, based in London, who sponsored the preparation of this guide.
Document Owner
Roger Ellmore, SIPC-OXXM
Document Custodian
Alison Margary, SIL HE/2
Document History
1st issue: March 1999; Rev 1 issue: April 2002
- a summary of the ill health effects, including acute (short term) and/or chronic (long term),
relevant to each health hazard and associated Consequence Category in terms of harm to
people to describe the nature and severity of the hazard. The Consequence Category (also
known as the Hazard Rating) is used to assess the risk to the business (by application in the Risk
Assessment Matrix), or to the individual (as part of Health Risk Assessment);
CONTENTS
The inventory is divided by health hazard group. Each group comprises a number of
spreadsheets, as follows:-
Tables 1 a and b 'Phys': Physical agents
Tables 2 a and b 'Bio': Biological agents
Tables 3 a and b 'Erg': Ergonomic (human) factors
Tables 4 a and b 'Psych': Psychological factors
Tables 5 a and b 'Lifestyle': Lifestyle factors
Tables 6 a and b 'Living env': Living environment (Public Health) factors
Tables 7 a, b, c and d 'Chem': Chemical agents.
Note: A separate Table 7a giving examples of chemical agents has been prepared for each of the OP
activities as follows: Manufacturing; Distribution (including bitumen); Road Transport; Aviation; LPG bottling
and reconditioning; Luboil/Grease Blending, Retail, Marine and Shipping.
Appendix 2 provides a general list of references common to all health hazards. Acronyms used
are explained in Appendix 3.
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Definitions for Hazard Ratings (Consequence Categories - harm to people)
Appendix 2: Selected general references applicable to the inventory as a whole
Appendix 3: List of organisations, associated acronyms and contact addresses referenced in the
Rev 1 HE99.004
inventory. As far as possible, web sites Oil
haveProducts Health
also been Hazard Inventory
included.
Further advice and guidance on health matters, including training in Health Risk Assessment,
reduce risk to health to ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable).
Appendix 2 provides a general list of references common to all health hazards. Acronyms used
are explained in Appendix 3. Using the Inventory
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Definitions for Hazard Ratings (Consequence Categories - harm to people)
Appendix 2: Selected general references applicable to the inventory as a whole
Appendix 3: List of organisations, associated acronyms and contact addresses referenced in the
inventory. As far as possible, web sites have also been included.
Further advice and guidance on health matters, including training in Health Risk Assessment,
is available from Occupational Health specialists in SIL-Health Services, based in London and The
Hague. See worksheet 'Intro' for contact details.
For more general guidance on the implementation of HSE MS in Oil Products, contact the OP
HSE MS implementation adviser, OXXM, based in London, who sponsored the preparation of this
guide.
Health Hazard Examples of situations or activities Harmful health effects from over Hazard Rating
in which the health hazard may exposure (consequences) (harm to people)
occur Note 1
Noise Noisy plant and equipment e.g. Acute: Impact noise: rupture of Impact noise: 3
aircraft, compressors, boilers, pumps, eardrum; acoustic trauma. Loud steady noise:
pneumatic tools, road driving, steam Loud steady noise: 2
leaks, impact noise from handling Temporary threshold shift
drums and LPG cylinders, cartridge
operated tools, engine testing.
Vibration (hand) Holding a vibrating tool, e.g. Acute: tingling sensation in the 1
pneumatic drills, nut runners, torque fingers
wrenches, needle guns
Chronic: hand/arm vibration 3
syndrome (HAVS), includes
vibration white finger
Heat Stress Metabolic (body) heat e.g. Acute: Heat stroke leading to 4 or 5
tank/furnace cleaning, aggravated by death (lesser symptoms:
full body personal protective exhaustion, cramps, rash, fatigue)
equipment; externally imposed heat
e.g. working outside in hot climate,
work close to furnaces or flares
Chronic: n/a n/a
Cold Stress Cold water; cool high winds e.g. work Acute: Hypothermia; frost bite 4 or 5
outside in cold climate; work inside
fridges/freezers. May aggravate pre-
existing conditions, e.g. musculo-
skeletal problems
Chronic: n/a n/a
Ionising radiations: alpha, Sealed sources: Non destructive Acute: cell damage (e.g. skin 3, 4 or 5
beta, gamma and xray testing (NDT); Level/density burns, sickness, loss of hair) -
radiation measurement; X-ray fluorescence; potentially fatal
smoke detectors; gas
chromatographs. Unsealed sources:
radio-labelled compounds for reaction
tracing
Chronic: cancer 4 or 5
Non ionising radiation: Ultra Arc welding; sunlight Acute: Arc eye; erythema, skin 2
violet light (UV) - wavelength: burn
100 - 400 nm
Chronic: Skin cancer 4 or 5
Non ionising radiation: Visible All work areas Acute: Eyestrain 2
Light (too much; too little) -
wavelength 400 - 780 nm
Health Hazard Examples of situations or activities Harmful health effects from over Hazard Rating
in which the health hazard may exposure (consequences) (harm to people)
occur Note 1
Chronic: eye cataracts 3
Non ionising radiation: Lasers Precision measurements Acute: eye and skin damage 3
- wavelength: 100 - 1000 nm
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1b Phys
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2a Bio
Health Hazard - Note 1 Examples of situations or activities Harmful health effects from over Hazard Rating
in which the health hazard may exposure (consequences) (harm to people)
occur Note 2
Blood borne pathogens: e.g. Contact with infected body fluids: e.g. Acute: HIV positive; Hepatitis B 3
AIDS virus and Hepatitis B medical and first aid personnel, infection.
virus sewage workers. Contact with
contaminated blood products and Chronic: Carrier of AIDS and 4 or 5
dental, medical piercing instruments, Hepatitis B Virus; AIDS
e.g. patients (fatal);Hepatitis B Virus - liver
failure and cancer (fatal)
Food and drink contaminated Contaminated food and/or drink Acute: e.g. food 2, 3, 4 or 5
with micro-organisms, e.g. provided by the Company, examples poisoning;hepatitis A, amoebic
salmonella, campylobacter, e of sources: sale of perishable foods at dysentery
coli Retail outlets, vending machines,
kitchens, small food preparation
areas, drinking water supplies
Chronic: Carrier of disease without n/a
having symptoms
Insects carrying disease Bites from infected insects in endemic Acute: e.g. malaria*, yellow fever*, 2, 3, 4 or 5
areas dengue*, equine encephalitis*,
japanese encephalitis*, tick borne
encephalitis*, leishmaniasis -
*could be fatal
Water borne pathogen - Contact with water contaminated with Acute: Weil's disease. Influenza 4 or 5
Leptospirosis (causes Weil's the urine from infected rats, e.g. like illness with a persistent and
disease) sewers, ditches, ponds and slow- severe headache, sometimes fatal
flowing rivers
Chronic: n/a n/a
Water borne pathogens - Cleaning and disposal of sewage Acute: e.g. tetanus, typhoid 3, 4 or 5
viruses and bacteria
contained in sewage
Chronic: e.g. polio 3
Bacterial and fungal growth in Contaminated metalworking fluids in Acute: Respiratory distress, 2
water-based metal working engineering/maintenance workshops. particularly in persons who suffer
fluids Inhalation of aerosols. from bronchitis or asthma.
Chronic: n/a n/a
Hazardous animals Bites from animals e.g. snakes, Acute: severe wounds, tetanus, 4
animals carrying rabies rabies, poisoning
Chronic: n/a n/a
Hazardous insects Sting/bite from e.g. bees, wasps, Acute: Sting/bite can be potentially 2, 4 or 5
scorpians, fire ants, certain spiders. life-threatening for persons who
are allergic. Some insect bites are
poisonous
Chronic: n/a n/a
Poisonous plants Contact with poisonous plants, e.g. Acute: skin irritation 3
euphorbia
Chronic: allergy/sensitisation 3
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2b Bio
General references Shell Wide Web site: Health and Security (contains country specific latest advice on
for biological hazards vaccination requirements and health issues). http://swwserv5.is.shell.nl/Health-
Security/index.html (P). Also available in hard copy from SIL Health Services.
Control of communicable diseases in man, latest edition. American Public Health
Association. (S)
The microbiological hazards of occupations, Collins and Grange. Occupational Hygiene
Monograph No. 17 1990 (S)
UK-HSE Biological agents ACOP (Approved Code of Practice) 1999 revised. (Contained
within L5 General COSHH ACOP, Carcinogens ACOP and Biological Agents ACOP).
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 1999
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3a Erg
Health Hazard Examples of situations or activities Harmful health effects from over Hazard Rating
in which the health hazard may exposure (consequences) (harm to people) -
occur Note 1
Poor workplace/task design Operations and maintenance, e.g. Acute: Impaired or unsafe 3
leading to e.g. awkward, inaccessible valves, pumps, gauges, performance; Musculoskeletal
repetitive and static postures sample points, insufficient space for disorders
movements, excessive tasks to be carried out efficiently and
stretching, bending, pushing, effectively.
pulling, force exertion
Chronic: Musculoskeletal 3
disorders; repetitive strain injury
Heavy use of VDUs (operations and Acute: Muscular discomfort; 2
office workers) - screen viewing, use eyestrain; soreness to soft tissues
of keyboard and mouse (repetitive (e.g. wrist)
movements and static posture)
Chronic: Musculoskeletal 3
disorders; work-related upper limb
disorders; repetitive strain injury,
which may lead to fatigue and
reduction in Activities of Daily Life
(ADL)
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3b Erg
Ergonomics for beginners - a quick reference guide, J.Dul and B. Weerdmeester, 1993 (S)
Evaluation of human work, J.R. Wilson and E.N. Corlett, 1995, ISBN 0-85066-480-2
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (S)
Poor workplace/task design:-
Symbols and Signals: CD 9355: Ergonomics principles for the design of signals
ISO 3461-1: Graphical symbols for use on equipment
ISO 3461-2: Graphical symbols for use in technical product documentation
ISO 3864: Safety colours and safety signs
ISO/WD 11064-1: Ergonomics design of control centres - Part 1: Principles for the design
of control centres.
ISO/WD 11064-2: Ergonomics design of control centres - Part 2: Principles of control suite
arrangements.
ISO/WD 7731: 1986, Danger signals for workplaces - Auditory danger signals (Revision of
ISO 7731: 1986).
ISO 11429: 1996, Ergonomics - System of Auditory and Visual Danger and Information
Signals First Edition
ISO 11428: 1996, Ergonomics - Visual Danger Signals - General Requirements, Design
and Testing First Edition
Control Rooms ISO/DIS 11064 series: (specifically 11604-3) Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 3:
Control room layout (P)
ISO 10075-1: 1991, Ergonomics principles related to mental work-load - Part 1: General
terms and definitions, 1994, ISO/DIS Part 2 Design principles (S)
ISO 10075-2: 1996, Ergonomic Principles Related to Mental Workload - Part 2: Design
Principles First Edition (S)
Warnings and alarms: CEN457 Auditory danger signals - general requirements for design
and testing (S)
Warnings and alarms: ISO/DIS11429 Ergonomics - system of danger and non-danger
signals with sound and light (S)
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3b Erg
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4a Psych
Health Hazard Examples of situations or activities Harmful health effects from over Hazard Rating
in which the health hazard may exposure (consequences) Note (harm to people) -
occur 1 see Note 2
Long and irregular working Potential in all operations Acute: Impaired or unsafe 2
hours; working cycles; shift performance (may lead to a safety
work incident or production loss)
Chronic: Psychological stress; 3, 4 or 5
depression; absenteeism
Organisational stress e.g. Potential in all operations Acute: Impaired or unsafe 2
poor communication, performance (may lead to a safety
inappropriate targets incident or production loss)
Chronic: Psychological stress; 3, 4 or 5
depression; burn out; absenteeism
Post traumatic stress, e.g. Sales outlet personnel; plant Acute: Post traumatic stress 3
after robbery, assault, personnel; personnel living in high syndrome including impaired
explosions, fire risk/low security countries performance (may lead to a safety
incident or production loss)
General references for HMSO London: Understanding Stress Part 2, Line manager's guide (P)
psychological factors
EU Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Stress at work:
causes effects and prevention (P)
Long and irregular Occupational Stress - a practical approach. Author: Addley. Publisher: BH. ISBN 0-
working hours; working 7506-2948-7 (S)
cycles; shift work
Issues in Occupational Health. Coping, health and organisations. Author: Dewe, Leiter,
Cox. Publisher: Taylor Francis. ISBN 0-748-40823-1 (S)
Organisational (work- Occupational Stress - a practical approach. Author: Addley. Publisher: Butterworth-
induced) stress Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-2948-7 (S)
Issues in Occupational Health. Coping, health and organisations. Author: Dewe, Leiter,
Cox. Publisher: Taylor Francis. ISBN 0-748-40823-1 (S)
ISO 10075: 1991: Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - general terms and
definitions (P)
ISO 10075-2: 1996: Ergonomic principles related to mental workload - Part 2: Design
principles (P)
Post traumatic stress, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Author: Yule. Publisher: Wiley. ISBN 0-471970808 (S)
e.g. after robbery,
assault, explosions, fire
Health Hazard Examples of situations or Harmful health effects from Hazard Rating
activities in which the health over exposure (consequences) (harm to people)
hazard may occur Note 1 Notes 1 and 2
Smoking All areas where smoking takes Acute: irritation of airways and 2
place eyes
Chronic: Diseases of heart, blood 4 or 5
vessels and lungs;
addiction/dependence; increased
sickness absence; premature
death
Alcohol and drugs abuse All areas where alcohol and drug Acute: CNS effects; impaired 4 or 5
use takes place performance (may lead to a safety
incident or production loss)
Post traumatic stress, Personnel in high risk/low security Acute: Post traumatic stress 3
e.g. after robbery, countries syndrome including: impaired
assault performance
Chronic: depression; absenteeism 3, 4 or 5
General reference SIPM Guidelines for Health, Safety and Environmental planning on a new venture. Report
EP88-2415 Rev 2 (March 1992) (P)
Infectious diseases Shell Wide Web site: Health and Security (contains country specific latest advice on
vaccination and malaria prophylaxis requirements and health issues).
http://swwserv5.is.Shell.nl/Health-Security/index.html
Also available in hard copy from SIL Health Services. (P).
Control of communicable diseases in man, latest edition. American Public Health
Association. (S)
The microbiological hazards of occupations, Collins and Grange. Occupational Hygiene
Monograph No. 17 1990 (S)
Contaminated EP95-0330: Drinking Water Guidelines (P)
drinking water supply WHO Recommended guideline values for drinking water quality 1993 (P)
Poor medical infra- SHSE Panel: Medical Emergency Guidelines for Management 1994 (P)
structure
SIL HSE Report 94-023: Medical Emergency Guidelines for Health Care Professionals and
First Aiders (P)
SIL HSE Report 94-023a: Guidance to First Aiders (P)
Environmental World Health Organisation guidance (S)
health hazards e.g. UK Dept of Health. Handbook on Air Pollution and Health. 1997. ISBN 0-11322096-0 (S)
air pollution, radiation UK-NRPB. Living with radiation. ISBN 0-85951-419-6 (S)
hazards
Post traumatic stress, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Author: Yule. Publisher: Wiley. ISBN 0-471970808 (S)
e.g. after robbery,
assault
Table 7a (i) Refinery: Chemical Agent Inventory: Examples of chemical agents and the principal areas in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are
subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets. For intermediate products, health hazard information will need to be compiled by the OU.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.
Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see notes 1 and 4
- see notes 2 and 3 Marketed Products Internal streams Raw materials Auxiliary chemicals Additives Catalysts By-product/Wastes Laboratories (plus Maintenance, construction and
all marketed cleaning
products)
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) Benzene heart cut (up to Low boiling naphthas Crude oil (PCAHs and benzene); Hydrazine salts; crystalline silica Furfural extract (concentrated Chloroform, Carbon Asbestos (gaskets, insulation,
and Mutagen (R40; 46; 50% benzene); Gasolines (benzene); Streams containing Low boiling naphthas (Benzene); (calcined diatomaceious earths, PCAHs); Slops containing PCAHs; tetrachloride, 1,4- partitions); Some man-made vitreous
47) (contain benzene); PCAHs including Base oils, Benzene heart cut; Long residues filter aids); Fuel oils (PCAHs Coke (PCAHs); Sludges from dioxane fibres (furnace linings, insulation);
PCAHs = Polycyclic Streams containing Gasoil, Heavy fuel oil, (PCAHs); Waxy distillate (PCAHs); furnace heating) black oil tank bottoms (PCAHs); Chromates (some paints); Chromium
Aromatic Hydrocarbons PCAHs - Gas oils, Heavy Long/short residues, Waxy Furfural extract (concentrated Furnace residues (nickel (VI) stainless steel welding fume (e.g.
fuel oils, Cycle oils, Crude distillate PCAHs); Gas oils (PCAHs); Light compounds); Some used furnace tubes); Nickel in anti-seize
oil; 1-3 Butadiene (may cycle oils (PCAHs) transformer oils (PCBs) compounds; Used engine oil (PCAHs)
contaminate LPG streams)
Toxic to reproduction Organic lead Desalter sludge from leaded Carbon disulphide Lead compounds (some paints)
(R60;61;62;63) gasoline processing (inorganic
lead residues); Sludges from
leaded gasoline tanks
Sensitiser: Potassium Cement (chromate impurities);
inhalation/skin (R42;43) dichromate Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings,
adhesives, vehicle paints); Epoxy
resin adhesives; Nickel in anti-seize
compounds; Diamines in 2-pack
adhesives
Local or Systemic Benzene heart cut Low boiling point napthas (n- Hydrogen sulphide Carbon monoxide waste from Ethyl mercaptan (in Hydrofluoric acid; Hydrogen sulphide; Oil-fired Mercury, pyridine, Chlorinated degreasants; Lead
effects from inhalation (aromatic hydrocarbons); hexane); cracker regenerator used as LPG); Organic lead Cobalt/ furnace residues (vanadium methanol, n-hexane, compounds (some paints); Mercury
(R20,23,26) skin contact Gasolines (aromatic fuel gas; Methanol; Hydrogen (in gasoline); Alkyl Molybdenum pentoxide); Carbon monoxide in toluene, xylene, (instruments, contaminant in caustic
(R21,24,27) or ingestion hydrocarbons); naphtha sulphide; Perchloroethylene; nitrate (in diesel); flue gases and feed for furnaces; acetone tanks); Cadmium oxide fume; Lead
(R22;25;28); R39; R48; Cobalt solution (cracker); Xylene (in gasoline Spent Cobalt/Molybdenum catalyst oxide fume; Zinc oxide fume
R64; R65 Furfural; Toluene; Hydrofluoric and Jet A-1)
acid
Corrosive (R34;35) Strong mineral acids eg Hydrofluoric acid Strong mineral Strong mineral acids/alkalis
Hydrofluoric acid; Hydrochloric acids/alkalis
acid, Phosphoric acid, Sulphuric
acid; Strong alkalis eg Sodium
hydroxide, Potassium
hydroxide; Anhydrous ammonia
Irritant (R36,37,38) and Kerosines; Octanes; Gas Kerosines Weak mineral acids/alkalis e.g. Marker dyes Sulphur dioxide in flue gases; Weak mineral Degreasing agents; Man made
defatting agents oils; Highly refined base Ammonia solution, Sodium Sodium fluoride; Ammonium acids/alkalis vitreous fibres; Water treatment
oils carbonate/bicarbonate solution, trifluoride; Aluminium trifluoride; chemicals; Welding gases; Lubricants;
Calcium hydroxide (lime); Sulphur dioxide/trioxide (sulphur d-limonene-based cleaners
Some water treatment recovery)
chemicals; Di-isopropanolamine
(ADIP); Methyl ethyl ketone;
Simple asphyxiant - see Propane; Butane Propane; Butane Propane; Butane; Butenes; Nitrogen; Hydrogen; Fuel gas Dry gas (contains propane, Argon, hydrogen, Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Acetylene
note 5 Hydrogen propene, ethylene); Hydrogen acetylene
Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Liquefied propane Liquefied gases Liquefied gases
Low toxicity particulates Sulphur (also in molten Molecular sieve; Ion exchange Zeolite; Platinum Spent Zeolite; Platinum on Iron oxide (mild steel) fume;
- see note 5 form - contact burns) resin (eg Amberlyst 16C) on alumina (new); alumina and Bismuth/copper oxide Aluminium oxide fume; Refractory
Bismuth/copper on alumina catalysts brick dust
oxide on alumina
(new)
Table 7a Distribution: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list
of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material
safety data sheets.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate that no example
exists locally.
Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4
- see notes 2 and 3 Loading gantry/Tank Farm/Barrel Bitumen Plants/ Emulsion Vehicle service bay (plus main Vehicle Wash Bay Laboratory Office/Plant maintenance,
filling Preparation fuels) construction and cleaning
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) Gasolines (benzene), Diesel/Gas oil Cut back bitumen easy to Asbestos (brake linings); Chromium Gasolines (benzene), Asbestos (gaskets, partitions,
and Mutagen (R40; 46; (PCAHs), fuel oils (PCAHs), LPG (1,3- pour/handle at ambient (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Lead Diesel/Gas oil, fuel oils ceiling tiles, insulation); Some
47) butadiene) temperature (PCAHs which and nickel in anti-seize compounds; man made vitreous fibres;
PCAHs = Polycyclic may be bio-available) Used engine oil (PCAHs); Rubber Chromates (some
Aromatic Hydrocarbons fume (tyre re-grooving) paints);Chromium (VI) stainless
steel welding fume; Nickel in
anti-seize compounds
Toxic to reproduction Lead seals used to secure sample cans; Lead compounds (some paints)
(R60;61;62;63) Organic/inorganic lead sludges from
leaded gasoline bulk storage tanks and
residues from leaded sludge tips
Sensitiser: Amines used in bitumen Isocyanates (vehicle paints); Epoxy Isocyanates (polyurethane
inhalation/skin (R42;43) emulsions. Bitumen resin adhesives coatings, adhesives); Epoxy
emulsions (depending on resin adhesives; cement
emulsifying agent). (chromate impurities)
Local or Systemic Gasoline additive (e.g. xylene), Diesel Hydrogen sulphide Ethylene glycol; Methanol (antifreeze); Aluminium cleaner Acetone (glass cleaner) Chlorinated degreasants
effects from inhalation additive (e.g. alkyl nitrate), Jet fuel ASA (bitumen tank head spaces) Chlorinated degreasants (hydrofluoric acid)
(R20,23,26) skin contact (xylene), Gasolines (aromatic
(R21,24,27) or ingestion hydrocarbons); super plus unleaded
(R22;25;28); R39; R48; (methyl tertiary butyl ether); H2S
R64; R65 (bitumen and fuel oil tank head spaces)
Corrosive (R34;35) Hydrochloric acid; Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid); Aluminium cleaner Sulphuric (battery) acid
Phosphoric acid (hydrofluoric acid); Hard
surface cleaners
Irritant (R36,37,38) and Jet A-1; Kerosine; Gas oil, Diesel, Cut back bitumen; Bitumen Diesel exhaust fume; Degreasing Some detergents; Kerosines Degreasing agents; Man made
defatting agents Diesel exhaust fume (NOx) fume agents; Welding gases; Oils and Degreasing agents; Some vitreous fibres; Water treatment
greases vehicle valetting chemicals; Welding gases;
compounds Domestic cleaners; Oils and
greases
Simple asphyxiant - see Propane; Butane Acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas;
note 5 Acetylene
Thermal burns - see note Hot bitumen
5
Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases Liquefied gases
Low toxicity particulates Polymer powders Iron oxide (mild steel) welding fume; Iron oxide (mild steel) fume;
- see note 5 Aluminium oxide welding fume Aluminium oxide fume
Table 7a Road Transport: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations
using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check
health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does
not indicate that no example exists locally.
Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4
- see notes 2 and 3 Loading gantry/Delivery to customer storage Vehicle service bay (plus main fuels) Vehicle Wash Bay
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) and Gasolines (contain benzene), Diesel/Gas oil Asbestos (brake linings); Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Lead
Mutagen (R40; 46; 47) (PCAHs), fuel oils (PCAHs), LPG (may contain and nickel in anti-seize compounds; Used engine oil (PCAHs); Rubber fume
PCAHs = Polycyclic 1,3-butadiene) (tyre re-grooving)
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Toxic to reproduction
(R60;61;62;63)
Sensitiser: inhalation/skin Isocyanates (vehicle paints); Epoxy resin adhesives
(R42;43)
Local or Systemic effects from Gasoline additive (e.g. xylene), Diesel additive Ethylene glycol; Methanol (antifreeze); Chlorinated degreasants Aluminium cleaner
inhalation (R20,23,26) skin (e.g. alkyl nitrate), Jet fuel ASA (xylene), (hydrofluoric acid); Hard
contact (R21,24,27) or ingestion Gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons); super plus surface cleaners
(R22;25;28); R39; R48; R64; R65 unleaded (methyl tertiary butyl ether); H2S
(bitumen and fuel oil tank head spaces)
Low toxicity particulates - see Iron oxide (mild steel) welding fume; Aluminium oxide welding fume
note 5
Table 7a Aviation: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternative.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and
preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk
Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company
operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.
Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4
see notes 2 and 3 Loading gantry/apron/tank farm Vehicle service bay (plus main Vehicle Wash Bay Laboratory Office/Plant maintenance, Aeroshell
fuels) construction and cleaning products
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) Aviation gasolines (where they contain Asbestos (brake linings); Chromium Aviation gasolines (where Asbestos (e.g. gaskets,
and Mutagen (R40; 46; >0.1% benzene) (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Lead they contain >0.1% partitions, ceiling tiles,
47) PCAH = Polycyclic and nickel in anti-seize compounds; benzene) insulation); Some man made
Aromatic Hydrocarbons Used engine oil (PCAHs); Rubber vitreous fibres; Chromates
fume (tyre re-grooving) (some paints); Chromium (VI)
stainless steel welding fume;
Nickel in anti-seize compounds
Toxic to reproduction Lead seals used to secure sample Lead compounds (some paints)
(R60;61;62;63) cans; 2-methoxy ethanol (Jet A1
additive); methyl diethoxol (substitute
for 2-methoxy ethanol);
Organic/inorganic lead sludges from
leaded gasoline bulk storage tanks.
Sensitiser: Isocyanates (vehicle paints); Epoxy Isocyanates (polyurethane ASG 7, 17, 23C,
inhalation/skin (R42;43) resin adhesives coatings, adhesives); Epoxy 43C; ASTO 500
resin adhesives
Local or Systemic Aviation gasolines (aromatic Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze); Methanol Acetone (glass cleaner); Chlorinated degreasants ASC07; ASG22,
effects from inhalation hydrocarbons); Methanol (screen (screenwash and de-icer); Chlorinated Aviation gasolines 22CF; ASCF2;
(R20,23,26) skin contact wash and de-icer); Biocides degreasants (aromatic hydrocarbons) APA101 (EU
(R21,24,27) or ingestion version)
(R22;25;28); R39; R48;
R64; R65
Corrosive (R34;35) Hard surface cleaners Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid); Aluminium cleaner Sulphuric (battery) acid
(hydrofluoric acid); Hard
surface cleaners
Irritant (R36,37,38) and Jet A-1/turbine fuels; Diesel exhaust Diesel exhaust fume; Degreasing Some detergents; Jet A-1/turbine fuels Degreasing agents; Man made APA101 (US
defatting agents fume agents; Welding gases; Oils and Degreasing agents; Some vitreous fibres; Water treatment version)
greases vehicle valetting chemicals; Welding gases;
compounds Domestic cleaners; Oils and
greases
Simple asphyxiant - see Acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas;
note 5 Acetylene
Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases
Low toxicity particulates Iron oxide (mild steel) welding fume; Iron oxide (mild steel) fume;
- see note 5 Aluminium oxide welding fume Aluminium oxide fume
Table 7a LPG bottling and reconditioning: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the
Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard
information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate
that no example exists locally.
Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4
- see notes 2 and 3 Refilling line/Bulk operations Reconditioning Vehicle service bay (plus main Vehicle Wash Bay Office/Plant maintenance,
fuels) construction and cleaning
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) 1,3-Butadiene contained in some 1,3-Butadiene contained in LPG; Asbestos (brake linings); Chromium Asbestos (e.g. gaskets,
and Mutagen (R40; 46; LPG; Waste LPG heavy ends from Chromates (some paints) (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Lead partitions, ceiling tiles,
47) tanks (contents under investigation) and nickel in anti-seize compounds; insulation); Chromates (some
Used engine oil (PCAHs); Rubber paints);Chromium (VI) stainless
fume (tyre re-grooving) steel welding fume; Nickel in
anti-seize compounds
Toxic to reproduction Carbon disulphide Lead compounds (some paints, Lead compounds (some paints,
(R60;61;62;63) jointing compounds) jointing compounds)
Sensitiser: Isocyanates (vehicle paints); Epoxy Isocyanates (polyurethane
inhalation/skin (R42;43) resin adhesives coatings, adhesives); Epoxy
resin adhesives; Cement
(chromate impurities)
Local or Systemic Ethyl mercaptan (LPG stenching Ethyl mercaptan (LPG stenching Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze); Methanol Chlorinated degreasants
effects from inhalation agent); Tetrahydrothiaphine (LPG agent); Xylene/Toluene (paint (screen wash/de-icer); Chlorinated
(R20,23,26) skin contact stenching agent) solvents); grit and paint dust from grit degreasants
(R21,24,27) or ingestion blasting cylinders; Zinc oxide fume
(R22;25;28); R39; R48; (plasma arc/zinc metal spraying)
R64; R65
Corrosive (R34;35) Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid) Aluminium cleaner Sulphuric (battery) acid
(hydrofluoric acid); Hard
surface cleaners
Irritant (R36,37,38) and Ethyl mercaptan (LPG stenching Ozone (plasma arc spraying) Diesel exhaust fume; Degreasing Some detergents; Degreasing agents; Man made
defatting agents agent); Tetrahydrothiaphine (LPG agents; Welding gases; Oils and Degreasing agents; Some mineral fibres; Water treatment
stenching agent) greases vehicle valetting chemicals: Shellforce; Welding
compounds gases; Domestic cleaners; Oils
and greases
Simple asphyxiant - see Propane; Butane Propane; Butane Acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas;
note 5 Acetylene
Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases Liquefied gases Liquefied gases
Low toxicity particulates Iron oxide (mild steel) welding fume; Iron oxide (mild steel) fume;
- see note 5 Aluminium oxide welding fume Aluminium oxide fume
Table 7a Luboil/Grease Blending: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and
preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk
Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company
operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.
Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4
- see notes 2 and 3 Laboratories (plus all Office/Plant maintenance, construction
Filling lines and gantries (See marketed products) and cleaning
Pre blend and blending area
'Aviation' for Aeroshell products)
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) and Base oils containing PCAHs >= 3% Base oils containing PCAHs >= 3% DMSO Chloroform; benzene; Asbestos (e.g. gaskets, partitions, ceiling
Mutagen (R40; 46; 47) DMSO extract; Shell Corbula grease extract; Gas oil (PCAHs); Diazo and Potassium dichromate tiles, insulation); Some man-made vitreous
PCAHs = 1 anthraquinones (dye compounds) fibres; Chromates (some paints); Chromium
Polycyclic Aromatic (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Nickel in
Hydrocarbons anti-seize compounds; Used engine oils
(contain PCAHs)
Toxic to reproduction Alvania RS, EP1, EP2, EP R0, EP Lead naphthenate; 2-butoxyethanol Carbon disulphide Lead compounds (some paints; tank
(R60;61;62;63) R00; Retinax A, AM; Rhodina EP1, sludges)
EP2, S7505, S8772 (all contain lead
naphthenate)
Sensitiser: inhalation/skin Ensis engine oil (calcium Triazine biocides; Calcium sulphonate; Potassium dichromate Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings,
(R42;43) sulphonate), Alvania RS, R1, R2, R3, Dibenyl disulphide; N-phenyl alpha adhesives); Epoxy resin adhesives
RA (PAN) naphthylamine (PAN); Polysulphide,
Isocyanates in polyurea grease;
Benzotriazoles; Toluotriazoles
Local or Systemic effects Alvania R1, R2, R3, RA (sodium Sodium nitrite; Triazine biocide; n-1- Mercury, methanol, n- Chlorinated degreasants; Oil-fired furnace
from inhalation (R20,23,26) nitrite); Tellus C5, R5; Fusus A; napthylaniline; Petroleum distillates; hexane, toluene, xylene, residues (Vanadium pentoxide)
skin contact (R21,24,27) or Morlina 5 (low viscosity white oil) Polyalkylene glycol; Barium oxidates; Barium acetone
ingestion (R22;25;28); R39; sulphonate; Triphenyl phosphates; Xylene;
R48; R64; R65 Toluene
Corrosive (R34;35) Metal dinonyl napthylene sulphonates (Ca, Strong mineral acids/alkalis Sulphuric (battery) acid
Mg, Na, Ba); Lithium, Calcium and
Potassium hydroxides; Imidazoline
derivatives
Irritant (R36,37,38) and Metalina GC, GR (Di and Mono, di and tri ethanolamines; Zinc alkyl Weak mineral acids/alkalis Degreasing agents; Man made vitreous
defatting agents triethanolamine); Metrema Fluid GP, dithiophosphate (ZDTP); Nonylphenol fibres; Water treatment chemicals:
GX (Alkanolamine esters) ethoxylates; Weak mineral acids/alkalis; Shellforce; Welding gases; Domestic
Barium dinonyl naphthasulphonate; Kerosine cleaners; Oils and greases
Simple asphyxiant - see Argon, hydrogen, acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Acetylene;
note 5 nitrogen Carbon dioxide
Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases
Low toxicity particulates - Graphite, Carbon black, Oleophilic bentonite Iron oxide (mild steel) fume; Aluminium
see note 5 clay, Molybdenum disulphide; Sulphur; oxide fume
Calcium hydroxystearate
Table 7a Retail: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and
preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk
Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company
operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.
Note 5: These health hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4
- see notes 2 and 3 Pump area Kiosk/Office/Kitchen Car Service Bay Car wash Construction materials
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) Gasolines (contain benzene); Gasolines (contain benzene - Asbestos (brake linings); Used engine Asbestos (e.g. existing
and Mutagen (R40; 46; 47) Diesel fuel (PCAHs) possible ingress of vapour from oil (PCAHs); Used anti-freeze partitions, roofing sheets,
PCAHs = Polycyclic the forecourt) (nitrosamines); Rubber fume (tyre re- ceiling tiles, pipe insulation);
Aromatic Hydrocarbons grooving) Some man made vitreous fibres
Table 7a Marine and Shipping: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)
Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.
Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and
preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk
Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets.
Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard group
Note 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company
operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.
Note 5: These health hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase
HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4
- see notes 2 and 3 Cargo deck and tanks including pump rooms Accommodation/galley Maintenance management (including engine room)
Carcinogen (R40;45;49) Shell low boiling naphthas - benzene (inc tops naphthas, Asbestos insulation (existing Asbestos (Insulation, gaskets); Some man made vitreous
and Mutagen (R40; 46; 47) cat cracked gasoline, platformate/reformate, platformer ships) fibres; Chromates (paint);Chromium (VI) stainless steel
raffinate, isomerate and gasoline platformer raffinate, welding fume; Nickel in anti-seize compounds; Used
isomerate and gasoline components; engine oil (PCAHs); radio-active material (liquid level
indicators)
PCAHs = Polycyclic Crude oils (contain PCAHs and benzene); Cargo tank
Aromatic Hydrocarbons slops (may contain PCAHs or benzene); Diesel, fuel oil
and gas oil (contain PCAHs)
Toxic to reproduction Lead seals used to secure sample cans; Leaded sludges Lead compounds (some paints)
(R60;61;62;63) from cargo tanks
Sensitiser: inhalation/skin Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives, paints);
(R42;43) Epoxy resin adhesives; Nickel in anti-seize compounds;
Diamines in 2-pack adhesives
Local or Systemic effects Gasolines and naphthas (aromatic hydrocarbons); Insecticides (pest control) Chlorinated degreasants; Zinc oxide fume; Lead
from inhalation (R20,23,26) Hydrogen sulphide (storage tank head spaces containing compounds (some paints); Tin compounds (anti-fouling
skin contact (R21,24,27) or Fuel oil); carbon monoxide (inert gas venting) paints); halon (fire fighting and refrigerants); mercury
ingestion (R22;25;28); R39; (instruments); alcohol
R48; R64; R65
Low toxicity particulates - Iron oxide (mild steel) fume; Aluminium oxide fume
see note 5
Health Hazard Example including Risk Harmful effects from over exposure Hazard Rating (harm to
Phrase(s) - Note 1 (consequences) - Note 2 people) - Notes 3, 4 & 5
Carcinogen Asbestos Acute: Irritant to eyes and respiratory tract
Cat 1 Carcinogen: 4/5
(R40;45;49)
Mutagen (R40;46;47) R45; 48/23 Chronic: Category 1 carcinogen (via inhalation)
1,3-Butadiene (gas) Acute: Moderate irritant to eyes (pain, redness);
Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5
narcotic to CNS - see also cold burns
R45 Chronic: Category 2 carcinogen (via inhalation)
Nickel and compounds Acute: Irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
Cat 2 carcinogen: 4/5;
(catalysts, anti-seize)
R45, R42,43, R36/37/38 Chronic: Category 2 carcinogen, Skin & respiratory
sensitizer
Gasolines Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and
on inhalation of mist; vapours may cause
drowsiness and dizziness; may cause lung amage Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5
if swallowed
R45; R38; R65; R66 Chronic: Category 2 carcinogen (via inhalation)
Gas oil/Diesel Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and
on inhalation of mist; may cause lung damage if Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5
swallowed
R45; R65; R66 Chronic: prolonged or repeated skin contact may
(via skin contact)
lead to dermatitis and skin carcinomas
Light/Medium/Heavy Fuel oil Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and
Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5
on inhalation of mist
R45 Chronic: prolonged or repeated skin contact may
(via skin contact)
lead to dermatitis and skin carcinomas
Used engine oil (contains Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and
Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5
polycyclic aromatic on inhalation of mist
hydrocarbons) (liquid) Chronic: prolonged or repeated skin contact may
lead to dermatitis and skin carcinomas (via skin contact)
Health Hazard Example including Risk Harmful effects from over exposure Hazard Rating (harm to
Phrase(s) - Note 1 (consequences) - Note 2 people) - Notes 3, 4 & 5
R20/21/22; 36/38 Chronic: Irreversible effects
Vanadium pentoxide Acute: Irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
(solid/dust) May cause pulmonary oedema. Green tongue. Pulmonary oedema (acute): 4
Low toxicity Platinum on alumina Acute: irritation to the eyes (mechanical), skin and
Loss of lung function: 2
particulates respiratory tract from dust
No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung function
Spent alumina catalyst Acute: irritation to the eyes (mechanical), skin and
Loss of lung function: 2
respiratory tract from dust
No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung function
Iron oxide (mild steel) fume Acute: respiratory irritation Loss of lung function: 2
No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung function
Graphite Acute: irritation to the eyes (mechanical), skin and
Loss of lung function: 2
respiratory tract from dust
No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung function
Table 7c: Chemical Agents: Using European Union Risk and Safety 2 pages
Phrases to assign Hazard Ratings (Consequence Categories)
Note 1: Risk and Safety phrases are required to be assigned to marketed products in Europe as part of labelling
requirements.
Note 2: A substance may have more than one Risk Phrase. Select the Hazard Rating associated with the Risk
Phrase representing the most significant harmful effect.
Note 3: For substances which have severe acute toxicity e.g. chemical asphyxiants such as hydrogen sulphide or
carbon monoxide, a Hazard Rating of '5' always applies.
Note 4: In some cases it may be decided that the harmful effects of the substance/preparation warrants a higher
rating than the Risk Phrase indicates. Harmful effects data should always be reviewed.
Note 5: Not all substances/preparations have been assigned Risk Phrases. In these cases, the Hazard Rating
should be selected based on the harmful effects data with reference to the Hazard Rating definitions. In addition, not
all chemical health hazards are marketed products, they may also be generated as a result of the process or task,
e.g. vehicle exhaust emissions, welding gases and fumes.
Where there are no Risk Phrases, but a health-related Safety Phrase applies - allocate a Hazard Rating of '2':-
S22 Do not breathe dust 2
S23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray 2
S24 Avoid contact with skin 2
S36 Avoid contact with eyes 2
Carcinogens Substances which, if they are inhaled, ingested or penetrate the skin, may cause or Hazard Rating
increase the incidence of cancer.
Category 1 (R45 Substances known to be carcinogenic to man (based on epidemiological data)
4 or 5
or 49)
Category 2 (R45 Substances which are strongly presumed to be carcinogenic to man on the basis of
or 49) animal studies or other relevant information (based primarily on anial test data) 4 or 5
Category 3 Substances with possible carcinogenic concern for man, where there is insufficient
(R40) evidence to place them in Category 2 (based primarily on animal test data) 3
Mutagens Substances which, if they are inhaled, ingested, or penetrate the skin, may induce Hazard Rating
heritable genetic defects or increase their incidence.
Category 1 Substances known to cause heritable genetic damage in humans (based on
4
(R46) epidemiological evidence)
Category 2 Substances which are strongly presumed to cause heritable genetic damage in
(R46) humans on the basis on animal studies or other relevant information (based on in 4
vivo studies)
Category 3 Substances with possible mutagenic concern for man, where there is insufficient
3
(R40) evidence to place them in Category 2 (based on in vivo studies)
Reproductive Substances which may produce or increase the incidence of non-heritable adverse Hazard Rating
Toxins effects in the off-spring and/or an impairment of male or female reproductive
functions or capacity
Category 1 (R60 Substances known to impair fertility or cause developmental toxicity in humans
4
or 61)
Category 2 (R60 Sutstances which should be regarded as if they impair fertility or cause
or 61) developmental toxicity in humans (this includes positive evidence in animal studies) 4
Category 3 (R62 Substances which cause concern for human fertility or possible developmental
3
or 63) toxicity
Overview SHSE Panel: Chemical Hazards: Health Risk Assessment and Exposure Evaluation 1995 (P)
UK HSE L5 General COSHH ACOP, Carcinogens ACOP and Biological Agents ACOP. Control of
Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1999. Approved Code of Practice
(ACOP), Revised (S)
CONCAWE: catalogue of special interest (white) reports (see web site for latest up date).
Selected documents are identified below. (S)
CONCAWE: catalogue of general interest (yellow) reports (see web site for latest up date).
Selected documents are identified below. (S)
CONCAWE: 96/53 The role of the occupational physician in the petroleum industry - guidance
for occupational physicians and managers (S)
CONCAWE: 94/52 An occupational physician's introduction to health hazards associated with
working in a petroleum refinery (S)
CONCAWE: 00/52 Management of occupational health risks during refinery turnarounds (S)
Kerosines/jet fuels (94/106); Gas oils (diesel fuels/heating oils) (95/107); Lubricating oil
basestocks (97/108); Heavy fuel oils (98/109); Petroleum waxes and related products (99/110)
Gasoline CONCAWE: 97/52 Gasoline Exposure Profile (S)
CONCAWE: 97/54 The health hazards and exposures associated with gasoline containing
MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) (S)
IP: Petrol at retail filling stations - Application of COSHH Carcinogens ACOP, 1995 (S)
IP: Guidance on the declassification of tanks previously in leaded gasoline service, Feb 1998
Octel OIP 5 (01/92) Leaded gasoline tank cleaning and disposal of sludge (S)
Diesel engine exhaust UK-HSE Control of diesel engine exhaust emissions in the workplace HSG187 1999 (S)
emissions
Proprietary (purchased) Manufacturer's/suppliers product safety data sheets (P); International Chemical Safety Cards
chemical products (ICSC) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/icstart.html (S)
Various UK-HSE Environmental Hygiene series. Includes guidance on many individual chemical agents
(S)
Asbestos SHSE Panel: Asbestos 1986 (P)
DOE: Asbestos Materials in Buildings, third edition - under revision (S)
US-HSE Controlled Asbestos Stripping Techniques HSG189/1 1999 (S)
UK-HSE:Working with abestos cement HSG189/2 1999 (S)
Benzene See also related references, e.g. carcinogens, gasoline
5-C2 Benzene: Process engineering and safeguarding practices manual - Shell Global Solutions
(P)
CONCAWE: 2/99 Environmental exposure to benzene (S)
Carcinogens IP: Application of control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) requirements for
carcinogens at oil refineries and terminals, Aug 1998 (S)
UK HSE L5 Control of substances hazardous to health and carcinogens approved code of
practice, 1999 (S)
CIA: Carcinogens in the workplace (RC6) 1993 (S)
UK-HSE: The control of exposure to fume from welding, brazing and similar processes (EH55)
1990 (S)
BS6691 Part 1: 1986 Fume from welding and allied processes. Guide to methods for the
sampling and analysis of particulate matter. Guide to methods for the sampling and analysis of
gases (S)
CEN175: 1998 Personal protection: Equipment for eye and face protection during welding and
allied processes (P)
CEN470 Protective clothing for use in welding and similar activities - draft (P)
EXPOSURE EVALUATION (see also overview document above):-
Occupational Exposure National Limits, where available (P)
Limits
Shell Advised Occupational Exposure Limits (P) e.g. benzene - see benzene briefing note above
ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices plus associated documentation,
latest edition (updated annually) (P)
Supplier's limits, if no other recognised limit is available (S)
CIA: Guidance on allocating occupational exposure bands, 1997 (S)
ECETOC Special Report No 13 Occupational Exposure Limits for hydrocarbon solvents 1997 (S)
Air measurement sampling CEN689:1996: Workplace atmospheres - Guidance for the assessment of exposure to chemical
strategies agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy (S)
CEN482: Workplace atmospheres - general requirements for the performance of procedures for
the measurement of chemical agents 1994 (S)
UK-HSE MDHS 71 Analytical quality in workplace air monitoring 1991(S)
Concawe, Report no. 87/57 - Review of strategies for the evaluation of employee exposures to
substances hazardous to health. 1987 (S)
BOHS Technical Guide No. 11: Sampling strategies for airborne contaminants in the workplace
1993 (S)
UK-HSE HS(G)73: Monitoring strategies for toxic substances, 1997 (S)
ESIG: Measuring solvent vapour concentrations in the work environment - best practice
guidelines, 1998 (S)
CIA: Guidance on monitoring of exposure 1993 (S)
Air measurement: UK-HSE Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS series) (P)
sampling and analytical NIOSH manual of analytical methods (P)
methods OSHA analytical methods manual (P)
CEN analytical methods (P)
The allocation of Hazard Ratings to agents hazardous to health is an approximation of the potential severity
of the harmful effects (consequence in terms of 'harm to people') that may occur following exposure. It is a
tool that may be used as an input to the assessment of health risks to the business (by application in the Risk
Assessment Matrix - see also footnote) or to the individual (as part of Health Risk Assessment).
HAZARD RATING/
Consequence Consequence in terms of potential to cause 'Harm to People'
Category (health)
SLIGHT HEALTH EFFECTS: (including first aid cases and medical treatment cases)
1
Not affecting work performance or causing disability.
Agents not normally hazardous to health, such as non toxic dusts (as an acute
inhalation hazard)
MINOR HEALTH EFFECTS (Lost Time Injury): Affecting work performance, such as
2 restriction to activities (Restricted Work Case or Occupational Illness), or a need to take
a few days to fully recover (Lost Workday Case).
Agents which have limited health effects which are reversible, e.g. irritants, defatting
agents, many food poisoning bacteria.
MAJOR HEALTH EFFECTS (including Permanent Partial Disability and Occupational
3 Illness). Affecting work performance in the longer term, such as a prolonged absence
from work.
Agents which are capable of irreversible health damage without loss of life, such as
noise, poorly designed manual handling tasks, hand/arm vibration, sensitisers,
chemicals causing systemic effects, e.g. n-hexane causing peripheral neuropathy.
Note: Ratings for the same hazard may differ for Acute and Chronic health effects.
Acute health effects: those which occur suddenly and in a short time (seconds to hours) following exposure,
generally to higher levels or concentrations of a health hazard. An acute exposure runs a comparatively short
course.
Chronic health effects: those which occur gradually over a long period of time following repeated and
prolonged exposure to relatively low levels or concentrations of a hazardous agent. In certain cases a short term
exposure may result in a chronic health effect.
Footnote:
Health hazards may also have an impact on other Consequence Categories used in the Risk
Assessment Matrix. For example: the consequences of ill health caused by work may lead to,
e.g. liability claims, fines, production loss, raised insurance premiums, or damage to a
company's reputation. Thus the 'Assets' and 'Reputation' columns should also be considered
when assessing the risk to the business along with 'Harm to People'.
N.B. further advice and guidance can be obtained from SIL-Health Services in Central Office (HE
Division). Assistance with purchase of any references can be obtained from the HEH/13, The
Hague (SIL-Health Services Library)
CONCAWE
99/58 Occupational health auditing (1): occupational hygiene
The Occupational Environment - Its Evaluation and Control, American Industrial Hygiene Association, latest edition
Occupational Hygiene, edited by J.M. Harrington & K. Gardiner, Blackwell Science, latest edition
Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol 1A and 1B: General Principles, Clayton (Ed), Wiley, latest edition
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, USA (web site: http://www.acgih.org/)
Kemper Woods Centre, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, USA
BOHS British Occupational Hygiene Society, UK (web site: http://www.bohs.org/)
Suite 2, Georgian House, Great Northern Road, Derby, England, DE1 1LT
BS British Standards Institute (web site: http://www.bsi.org.uk/) - see also Shell External Standards web
site: http://sww.shell.com/standards/
Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, UK
CEN Comite Europeen de Normalisation (European Union) (web site: http://www.cenorm.be/) See also Shell
External Standards web site: http://sww.shell.com/standards/
Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
CIA Chemical Industries Association, UK (web site: http://www.cia.org.uk/)
Kings Buildings, Smith Square, London, SWIP 3JJ, UK
CEFIC European Chemical Industry Council (web site: http://www.cefic.be/links.htm)
Av. E. van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 1, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium
CIBSE Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, UK (web site: http://www.cibse.org/)
Delta House, 222 Balham High Road, London, SW12 9BS, UK
CONCAWE The Oil Companies' European Organisation for Environmental and Health Protection, Belgium (web
site: http://www.concawe.be/)
Madouplein 1, B-1030, Brussels, Belgium
DEP Design and Engineering Practice, SIPM -
Available from: Shell International Oil Products, The Hague (Shell Global Solutions OGCH/1)
DOE Department of the Environment
Books available from: HMSO (see below)
ECETOC European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Belgium
Av. E. van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 1, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium
EP Shell Exploration and Production (web site: http://sww.siep.shell.com/ep/eps/he/index.htm)
Available from :SIEP, The Hague
ESIG European Solvents Industry Group
Av. E. van Nieuwenhuyse 4, BTE2, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium
HEL/HEH Health Services, SIL (web site: http://swwserv5.is.shell.nl/Health-PSU/index.htm)
Shell Centre, London; and The Hague
HMSO Her Majesty's Stationery Office, UK (web site: http://www.biw.co.uk/BIW/register/627.htm)
HMSO, 51 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW8 5DR, UK
ICRP International Commission for Radiation Protection (web site: http://irpa.sfrp.asso.fr/icrp.html)
The Secretariat, PO Box 35, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 ORQ, UK
Publications: The Review Journals Manager, Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane,
Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB3, UK
ILO International Labour Office, Geneva (web site: http://www.ilo.org/)
ILO Publications, 4 route de Morillon, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland
IP Institute of Petroleum (web site: http://www.petroleum.co.uk/pubs.htm)
61, New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR
ISO International Standards Organisation (web site: http://www.iso.ch/) - See also Shell External Standards
web site: http://sww.shell.com/standards/
ISO, 1 rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland
NEN Nederlands Engelse Norm
Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut (NNI), Postbus J059, 2600 GB Delft, Nederlands
NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, USA (web site:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html)
NIOSH Publications, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop C-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
NSC National Safety Council (web site: http://www.nsc.org/)
1121 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL 60143-3201, USA
OGP International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (formerly E&P Forum) (web site: www.ogp.org.uk)