Inbuilding Networks
Inbuilding Networks
Inbuilding Networks
IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE
Effective low cost design and implementation of an indoor, distributed coverage system depends
on a number of physical building attributes. The buildings size, layout, and construction material
are all considerations for the design. Furthermore, all systems are frequency and
communication format dependent, which adds another element of complexity.
1.1. 2 Medium Area Coverage: High Power Repeater or Active Cable (3-5
Antennas)
In these situations, antennas connected through a low gain bi-directional amplifier, , will not
provide sufficient gain, nor power out for satisfactory coverage. In an effort to grow the coverage
area, carriers often times try to increase the transmit power at each antenna. This is not
advisable as coverage in a building is shadow limited, not noise limited. The walls that are
blocking the signal will continue to block the signal even if the signal strength is raised. Best
results is to limit the power out of each antenna to a maximum of 10-20 dBm. Coverage is then
increased by increasing the number of antennas.
Nokia has has two solutions for increasing the coverage area in these types of scenarios. The
presumption is that these areas primarily need coverage, rather than enhanced capacity. The
coverage solution is to use a high gain, high power repeater to drive multiple coverage
antennas. The antennas are connected to the repeater through low loss passive coaxial cable
and splitters. The second solution is to use a lower gain, lower power repeater with an active
antenna system.
The high gain repeater offers a simple, cost-effective solution for relatively small coverage areas.
It is effective as long as low loss cable is used and the number of antenna points is kept
relatively low. These constraints are imposed because each time a split occurs or a length of
cable is used, the power level is reduced. With no compensation elements in the system,
planning becomes more difficult and installation more critical as system size increases. In small
systems where these problems are not severe the high gain repeater provides a very effective
solution
Nokia uses a high power repeater for this type of application. It has 2W output power and is
band selective. As shown in figure 2, the repeater is connected to the donor antenna mounted
externally. Low loss cable, splitters and coverage antennas are used to distribute and transmit
the signals throughout the building. As the number of subscribers grow, the system can be
upgraded by replacing the repeater with a micro base station that has similar power levels.
Because the building provides isolation between the donor antenna and the coverage antennas,
the repeater's maximum gain can be used.
TAPPER
Start
NO
Follow Repeater /
Repeater / Booster Process
In-BuildingSolution suggested Booster
suggested
Complaint
closed
Obtain MAP /
Follow IBS floor plans from Arrange IBS team meeting
Acquisition building with Building authorities for
Process authorities. Survey
Is Hop Arrange
working fine No
spares from O
? & M /Vendor
YES
E1 connectivity
from MW to BTS
YES
Database
downloading
with BSC
NO
Taking over site
Identify & rectify the problem, viz., path, from Subcon
data base or equipment
End
Start
Customer Complaints
recd. by Customer care
Segregation of
Complaints & sending to
Optimisation Deptt. for
it i it
Problem YES
Complaint
solved by closed
optimisation
NO
Repeater installation
recommended
YES
Install Repeater with the help
of subcon
End
Records Monthly report
keeping
Indoor Propagation
Indoor channels are different from traditional mobile radio channels in two
different ways:
The distances covered are much smaller
The variablity of the environment is much greater for a much smaller range
of T-R separation distances.
The propagation inside a building is influenced by:
Layout of the building
Construction materials
Building type: sports arena, residential home, factory,...
Partition Losses
Indoor Measurements
Key Information
Coverage area
Building details such as Floor Plans
Traffic expected
Frequency plan
Approved installers
Coverage Checks
Coverage objectives
Obstructions
Windows
Initial coverage check
Test phones to check existing system
RF Survey
Signal source set to expected system power
Signal receiver to collect data
Plot received levels through typical wall
Confirm indoor signal will dominate
TIME TO DEPLOYMENT
Install Antenna near to ceiling Access holes for ease of installation
Also to maintain general aesthetic conditions of buildings
TIME TO OPTIMIZATION
MULTI-BAND
FUTURE NEEDS
Multi Sector Sectorize the building to minimize handover cause
for failure and interference due to improper / sometimes difficult
frequency planning
Effect of Frequency
- Penetration loss decreases with increasing frequency
Effect of Height
Penetration loss decreases with the height of the building up-to some certain
height
- At lower heights, the urban clutter induces greater attenuation
and then it increases
- Shadowing affects of adjascent buildings
Use C2 reselection instead of C1 for Indoor users to remain camped on to the indoor cell
Use Double BA list in Idle Mode for nearby Macro cells
- Umbrella handover
An umbrella handover from an outdoor cell to an indoor cell is set with two parameters. By enabling the umbrella
handover (enableUmbrellaHandover) and setting the minimum downlink signal level in the target cell
(hoLevelUmbrella). The signal level can be set independently for each adjacent cell. If the level is set too high only the
mobiles, which would be served by the target cell anyhow, are served by it. If the level is too low, the mobiles camp to
the indoor cell too far away.
Freq. Allocation
Dedicated frequencies- Not staggered possibly
Indentifying Freqs. for upper levels using BA list
Bill of quantity has been defined using standard components . This has been
done to facilitate ease in ordering as well as tracking of inventories. The Bill of
material is defined for all the three Bharti circles based on the Building heights
available in three circles .
ANTENNAS
ANTENNA OMNI KATHREIN 741- 2 DBI (876-960 + 1429-2170MHZ), N- 15 60 80
571 FEMALE CONNECTOR
ANTENNA KATHREIN 742- 90 DEG. 7 DBI (824 -960 + 1710 - 5 10 20
DIRECTIONAL 149 2170MHZ) , N- FEMALE CONNECTOR
POWER SPLITTERS/TAPPERS
POWER SPLITTER KATHREIN 63- EQUAL 2-WAYS (-3 DB), N- FEMALE 8 20 40
22-62-1 CONNECTOR, 800 - 2000MHZ
POWER SPLITTER KATHREIN 63- EQUAL 3-WAYS (-4.7 DB), N- FEMALE 4 10 10
22-63-1 CONNECTOR , 800 - 2000MHZ
POWER SPLITTER KATHREIN 63- EQUAL 4-WAYS (-6 DB), N- FEMALE 2 5 10
22-64-1 CONNECTOR , 800 - 2000MHZ
POWER SPLITTER KATHREIN 63- UNEQUAL 7 DB (-7/-1 DB), N- FEMALE 2 5 3
23-60-61 CONNECTOR, 800 - 2000MHZ
2POWER SPLITTER KATHREIN 63- UNEQUAL 10 DB (-10.4/-0.4 DB), N- 1 5 2
23-61-01 FEMALE CONNECTOR, 800 - 2000MHZ
POWER SPLITTER KATHREIN 63- UNEQUAL 15 DB (-15.1/-0.1 DB), N- 0 0 0
23-61-51 FEMALE CONNECTOR, 800 - 2000MHZ
1/2" CONNECTOR L4PNM-C CONNECTOR TYPE N (M) FOR FEEDER 1/2" 50 120 160
7/8" CONNECTOR L5PNM-RPC CONNECTOR TYPE N (M) FOR FEEDER 7/8" 10 40 40
7/16 DIN MALE L5PDM-RPC CONNECTOR TYPE DIN MALE FOR FOR 3 3 3
7/8" FEEDER
7/16 DIN FeMALE L5PDF-RPC CONNECTOR TYPE DIN FEMALE FOR FOR 3 3 3
7/8" FEEDER
7/16 DIN MALE L4PDM-C CONNECTOR TYPE DIN MALE FOR 3 3 3
FEEDER 1/2"
RIGHT ANGLED L 4PNR-RPC RIGHT ANGLED CONNECTOR FOR N MALE 4 4 4
CONNECTOR FOR1/2"
RIGHT ANGLED L 5PNR-RPC RIGHT ANGLED CONNECTOR FOR N MALE 4 4 4
CONNECTOR FOR7/8"
D EFX2P41A-PNRDF is a jumper cable to be used specifically only for Metro site installation and should be ordered with Metro
site only
D Combiners are also meant for Metro site installation and should be ordered only if Metro sites are used for IBS application.
D Small Type is applicable for Gujarat, Medium is applicable for Maharashtra , Large is applicable for Mumbai.
ANTENNAS
YAGI ANTENNA 17.7 DBI GAIN , DONOR , N FEMALE 1 1 -
C0NNECTOR , 1710 1880 MHZ
OMNI ANTENNA KATHREIN 2 DBI (876-960 + 1429-2170MHZ), N- 5 10 20
741-571 FEMALE CONNECTOR
PANEL KATHREIN 90 DEG. 7 DBI (824 -960 + 1710 - - 1 -
ANTENNA 742-149 2170MHZ) , N- FEMALE CONNECTOR
BI DIRECTIONAL KATHREIN VPOL BIDIR 806960/17102170 65
ANTENNA 738446 5DBI , N- FEMALE CONNECTOR
PICKUP ANTENNA ANDREW 19.6 DBI, DIRECTED DIPOLE LOG - - 1
DB948G40- PERIODIC ANTENNA , 40 DEG BW , N-
KL FEMALE CONNECTOR, 1710 -1880 MHZ
COVERAGE ANDREW 18 DBI, DIRECTED DIPOLE LOG PERIODIC - - 1
ANTENNA 950F65T2Z- ANTENNA , 65 DEG BW , N-FEMALE
B CONNECTOR, 1710 -1880 MHZ
POWER SPLITTERS/TAPPERS
D Pickup Antenna and Coverage Antenna are required for Outdoor Repeater installation only
RF SPLITTERS / TAPPERS
Omni
360 coverage
Low gain
Small easy to conceal
mounted in ceilings
Directional
90H by 90 V
7 dBi gain
Larger than omni
Wall or ceiling mount
View of an
Antenna installed
RF CABLE TEST
S.no VSWR STATUS
PASS / FAIL ( WITH VALUES )
1. BTS PORT TO SPLITTER/ COUPLER
PORT
2. SPLITTER PORT TO NEXT SPLIITER
PORT
3. SPLITTER PORT TO COUPLER PORT
4.
RADIO CHANNEL UNIT TEST ( FOR TRX WHICH ARE USED FOR IBS ONLY
)
ANTENNA INSTALLATION
INTERNAL CHECKS
Comments
GENERAL CHECKS
Open connection
antenna, coupler, splitter port
Coupler
coupled port/thru port reversed
input port/thru port reversed
Poor design
miscalculated distribution loss - esp. large buildings
RNP too optimistic
Spillage
caused by antennas too close to building edge & radiating
excessively
Quality
Poor Quality
co-channel interference from another indoor or outdoor site
adjacent interference between different sectors of same BTS
hardware fault
Solution
Change coupler values
shift antenna location
add attenuators
add antennas
Increase output power of the BTS
U.K. 0800-250055 Australia 1800-803 219 New Zealand 0800-441-747 Visit us at: www.andrew.com 443
Indoor Multi-band Direct. Antenna 824 960 1710 2170
Vertical Polarization V V
Half-power Beam Width 90 90
Integrated Combiner C
90
Mounting: Two holes of 6 mm diameter in the mounting
plate.
3
Available accessories: Broadband power splitter (800 2200 MHz).
0
Horizontal Pattern
Mounting:
Subject to alteration.
936.1859/c
Mount the attachment plate to the wall Align the antenna over the attachment Pull the antenna downwards until
using two screws of 4 mm diameter plate, keeping the cable in the middle it clicks into place.
in the position as indicated. of the plate.
min. dia. 35 mm
N connector, female
Subject to alteration.
dia. 160 mm
3 holes dia. 5 mm
936.1607/c
DESCRIPTION:
The repeater system is a two-way
Features such as high linearity amplifier characteristics, and sharp out of band
rejection duplexers, assist in avoiding interfering signals & makes it an ideal solution
Main Features:
In-Building Solution
Linear Operation
Compact size
Cost Effective Solution
Ease of Installation
Block Diagram:
Downlink Path
Attn HPA
Pre-Amp
Duplexer Duplexer
To To
Base Mobile
Station HPA Attn
Pre-Amp
Uplink Path
SPECIFICATIONS:
Downlink Uplink
Frequency Range : 1805 to 1880 MHz Frequency Range : 1710 to 1785 MHz
Pass Band Gain : 60 1.5 dB Pass Band Gain : 55 1.5 dB
Manual Gain Manual Gain
Adjustment : 30 dB Adjustment : 30 dB
Output power : +33 dBm Output power : +33 dBm
Impedance : 50 Impedance : 50
Return loss : >10 dB Return loss : >10 dB
RF Connectors : N(F)
Supply Voltage : 230 V AC
Operating Temperature : 0 to +55 deg
Size : 350 x 200 x 120 mm
Weight : 7 kg
DESCRIPTION:
The repeater system is a two-way
Features such as high linearity amplifier characteristics, and sharp out of band
rejection duplexers, assist in avoiding interfering signals & makes it an ideal solution
Main Features:
In-Building Solution
Linear Operation
Compact size
Cost Effective Solution
Ease of Installation
Block Diagram:
Downlink Path
Attn HPA
Pre-Amp
Duplexer Duplexer
To To
Base Mobile
Station HPA Attn
Pre-Amp
Uplink Path
SPECIFICATIONS:
Downlink Uplink
Frequency Range : 1805 to 1880 MHz Frequency Range : 1710 to 1785 MHz
Pass Band Gain : 60 1.5 dB Pass Band Gain : 55 1.5 dB
Manual Gain Manual Gain
Adjustment : 30 dB Adjustment : 30 dB
Output power : +19 dBm Output power : +19 dBm
Impedance : 50 Impedance : 50
Return loss : >10 dB Return loss : >10 dB
RF Connectors : N(F)
Supply Voltage : 230 V AC
Operating Temperature : 0 to +55 deg
Size : 300 x 200 x 120 mm
Weight : 6 kg
SPECIFICATIONS:
ELECTRICAL
Frequency Range : 1800 - 2000 MHz
VSWR
Input : 1.30:1 (max)
Output : 1.20:1 (max)
Isolation : 20 dB (min)
Input power : 80 W
Average(outputs terminated in any load)
MECHANICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
Outline Drawing:
l Excellent azimuth roll-off, reducing sector to sector interference and reducing soft hand -offs
l Excellent upper side lobe suppression
l Low profile, low wind load for easy zoning
0
330 30
0
-5
-10
300 -15 60
-20
-25
-30
270 -35 90
240 120
210 150
180
270
240 300
0
-5
-10
210 -15 330
-20
-25
-30
180 -35 0
150 30
120 60
90
65
Deep null filling below the horizon assures improved signal intensity
Low profile appearance and low wind loading profile for easier zoning approvals
ELECTRICAL
Frequency (MHz) : 1710 - 2170
Polarization : Vertical
Gain (dBd/dBi) : 15.9/18
Azimuth BW (Deg.): 65
Elevation BW (Deg.): 6.5
Beam Tilt (Deg.): 2
USLS* (dB) : >20
Front-To-Back Ratio* (dB) : 40
VSWR : <1.4:1
PIM3 @ 2 x 20w -150
:
Max. Input Power (Watts) : 250
Impedance (Ohms) : 50
Lightning Protection : DC Ground
MECHANICAL
Acceptance Report
Shoppers Stop
Date: 26 November 2004
Site Id
3046
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. This document is intended for the use of Nokia
Telecommunications customers only, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without
the written permission of Nokia Telecommunications.
The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the
mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement made
between Nokia Telecommunications and the customer. Nokia Telecommunications will not be responsible in any event
for errors in this document or for any damages, incidental or consequential (including monetary losses), that might
arise from the use of this publication or the information in it.
1. SITE INFORMATION 3
3. SITE PARAMETERS 9
5. MEASUREMENT INFORMATION 10
6. MEASUREMENT RESULTS 10
Page 2
1. SITE INFORMATION
SITE PHOTO:
Page 3
2. SITE COVERAGE PLAN AND ANTENNA LOCATION
Shoppers Stop is an shopping center. It has four floors .This building is located at
Kandivili,Mumbai.
The BTS Equipment NOKIA Metrosite is located at the second floor.The design for
this building utilizes only a single sector for in-building coverage. Sector 1 covers all the
floor levels.
Number of Number of
Floor Panel Omni Sector
Location Antennas Antennas
Ground Floor 0 3 1
First Floor 0 4 1
Second Floor 0 7 1
Third Floor 0 4 1
Total 0 18
Page 4
2.1 Antenna locations on the Ground Floor of Shoppers Stop:
Page 5
2.2 Antenna locations on the First Floor of Shoppers Stop:
Page 6
2.3 Antenna locations on the Second Floor of Shoppers Stop:
Page 7
2.4 Antenna locations on the Third Floor of Shoppers Stop:
Page 8
3. SITE PARAMETERS
The table lists the site parameters setting in the NOKIA OMC for Shoppers Stop (Site
ID: 3046) at the time of walk testing.
The table lists the site neighbours parameters setting in the NOKIA OMC for Shoppers
Stop (Site ID: 3046) at the time of walk testing.
For this site the pre-defined neighbours were adequate for the handover processes,
hence no new neighbours were added.
Page 9
5. MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
6. MEASUREMENT RESULTS
The following results have been shown and calculated in this report:
Page 10
6.2 RxQuality of the Ground Floor :
Page 11
6.4 RxQuality of the First Floor :
Page 12
6.6 RxQuality of the Second Floor :
Page 13
6.7 RxQuality of the Third Floor :
Page 14
6.7 Hand Over from Outdoor to Indoor:
Page 15
6.8 Hand Over from Indoor to Outdoor :
Page 16
6.9 Indoor Spillage Areas:
Page 17
7. SUMMARY OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS
RxLevel ranges shown in the table below are in the dBm unit and also shown in
percentage.
Page 18
Total number
Number of sample
Floor location of sample Percentage
>=-80dBm
measurement
RxQuality ranges that show in the table below are in the GSM unit and also
calculate in percentage.
For RxQuality class 0 is the best quality and class 7 is the worst quality.
RxQuality ranges
Floor 0-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
Page 19
RxQuality ranges (%)
Floor location 0-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
Page 20
8. KPI ACCEPTANCE STATUS AND APPROVAL
Rx Level Rx Qual
Floor location >=-80dBm 0-4 units KPI
(Percentage) (Percentage)
Page 21
ITEMS PURPOSE ACCEPT
.
Sign of Nokia Representative (Implementation Manager)
Page 22
IBS COVERAGE ACCEPTANCE CERTIFICATE
In-Building Solution
Site ID : 3046
I received this document on 03/12/04 from Mr.Ragul.I verified and accepted that
the coverage and performance met the KPI.
Signature
Page 23