Cswip 3.

1-Difficult questions

1a-5. For full penetration single-side butt joint, root bead penetration and profile a.
are mainly influenced by: b.
c.
d.

a-22. The main cause of undercut is: a.

b.
c.
d.

a-43. A fusible insert for TIG welding helps: a.

b.
c.
d.

a-13. When carrying out visual inspection from this list, which defect is most likely a.
to be missed? b.
c.
d.

a-23. ISO 17637: a.

b.

a-50. Which of the following elements, which may be added to steel, has the a.
greatest effect on creep strength? b.
c.
d.

a-12. A large grain size in the HAZ of a C-Mn steel weld joint may have: a.
b.
c.
d.

a-14. The risk of hydrogen cracking is greater when MMA welding: a.

b.

Page 1 of 62
Cswip 3.1-Difficult questions
The risk of hydrogen cracking is greater when MMA welding:

c.
d.

Page 2 of 62
Cswip 3.1-Difficult questions

a-27. For GMAW the burn-off rate of the wire is directly related to: a.
b.
c.
d.

a-38. When welding thin plate distortion canbe minimised by: a.

b.
c.
d.

4a-6. Preheat temperature: a.

b.
c.
d.

4a-7. Which of the following properties may be applicable to a carbon steel weld a.
(CE 0.48) weld with a fast travel speed without preheat? b.
c.
d.

a-19. Which of the following Isotopes may be used for a 25mm thick steel pipe to a.
pipe weld DWSI (In accordance with EN 1435)? b.
c.
d.

a-47. When considering the advantages of site radiography over conventional a.

ultrasonic inspection which of the following applies? b.

c.

d.

a-48. HICC: a.
b.
c.
d.

Page 3 of 62
Cswip 3.1-Difficult questions

a-50. A welding process where the welding plant controls the travel speed and the a.
arc gap but under constant supervision using a shielding gas mixture of 80% b.
argon - 20% carbon dioxide is termed: c.
d.

Page 4 of 62
Cswip 3.1-Difficult questions

Root face
Bevel angle
Root gap
Included angle

Excessive amps
Excessive OCV
Excessive travel speed
Current too low

Reduce porosity
Give controlled root penetration
Avoid the need for a back pure
By acting as a backing for the root run

Linear misalignment
Cap undercut
Clustered porosity
Cold lap

The minimum light illumination required for visual inspection is 350

Lux
The minimum light illumination required for visual inspection is 500
Lux

Tungsten
Manganese
Carbon
Molybdenum

Low ductility
Low toughness
High toughness
High tensile strength

C-Mn steels
Austenitic stainless steel

Page 5 of 62
Cswip 3.1-Difficult questions

Low alloy steel for elevated temperature service

Low carbon steels for cryogenical service

Page 6 of 62
Cswip 3.1-Difficult questions

Stick out length

Wire feed speed
Arc voltage
Travel speed

Welding from both sides

Using U preparations rather than V types
Using strongbacks
Using back-step welding

May be increased by an increase in travel speed

May be increased by a reduction in material thickness
May be increased by an increase in electrode diameter
None of the above

Narrow heat affected zone and hardness value in excess of 350 HV

Broad heat affected zone and hardness value in excess of 350 HV
A very tough and narrow heat affected zone
Narrow heat affected zone and low hardness values

Ir 192
Co 60
Alr 75
Yb 169

A permanent record, good for detecting lamellar tearing and defect

identification
A permanent record produced, good for detection of all surface and
sub-surface defects and assessing the through thickness depths of
defects
Permanent record produced, good for defect identification and not as
reliant upon surface preparation.
No controlled areas required on site, a permanent record produced
and good for assessing pipe wall thickness reductions due to internal
corrosion
In C-Mn steel is most susceptible in the weld zone
Micro alloyed steel (HSLA) is most susceptible in the weld zone
Austenitic steel is most susceptible in the weld zone
Both a and b are correct statements

Page 7 of 62
Cswip 3.1-Difficult questions

A manual MAG process

A semi-automatic MAG process
A mechanised MIG process
A mechanised MAG process

Page 8 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T09-22. To assess the surface of a weld for direct inspection, the distance from the a.
T6-20. surface to the eye should be a maximum of? b.
c.
d.

T09-23. What is the recommended minimum range of illumination required by BS EN a.

970 for inspection of a welded surface? b.
c.
d.

T09-1. Who should have access to the WPS? a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-2. You have noticed several times that a certain welder is having his welds a.
rejected due to poor cap profile, what course of action would you take? b.
c.
d.

T5-8. Who determines what the correct weld preparation (root gap, root face, a.
included angle) should be? b.
c.
d.

T09-10. Who has the responsibility of ensuring the welder is using the correct a.
consumable during fabrication? b.
c.
d.

T5-12. Who has the responsibility of ensuring the welder is using the correct polarity a.
during welding? b.
c.
d.

T09-13. You notice the welders are adjusting the current on the welding set, is this a.
allowable? b.

Page 9 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions You notice the welders are adjusting the current on the welding set, is this
allowable?
c.
d.

T09-14. What course of action should be taken upon finding a welder using incorrect a.
welding consumable? b.
c.
d.

T6-12. Who should have access to the WPQRs? a.

b.
c.
d.

T09-20. Who has the final responsibility of sentencing and accepting a weld on a.
completion? b.
c.
d.

G5-1. A code give the acceptance standard for excess weld metal "h" as h 1mm + a.
G09-3. 0.1b, max. 5mm, where "b" is the width of the weld cap. For which of the b.
following situations is the excess weld metal acceptable? c.
d.

G09-24. A long centreline crack has been detected in a submerged arc weld bead this a.
may be due to: b.
c.
d.

G6-24. Which of the following defects will have the more severe effect on the load- a.
bearing capacity of a weld? b.
c.
d.

T6-37. While inspecting a weld on a 100mm thick high carbon steel plate with a a.
the weld is visually acceptable, however the parent material has severse b.
the weld approximately 3mm deep, what course of action would you c.
d.

Page 10 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T6-29. Which of these statements are true concerning Lamellar tearing? a.

b.
c.
d.

G09-20. Which of the following types of imperfection is generally considered to be the a.

most serious? b.
c.
d.

G5-22. Burn through may occur because the: a.

G09-30. b.
c.
d.

T5-1. On inspecting a completed 150mm OD pipe weld some small smooth, shallow a.
areas of undercut have been found < 0.25mm deep. The welder says he can b.
quickly put this right by depositing a thin narrow bead along the undercut. In
this situation would you? c.
d.

T09-60. On inspecting a completed weld which has Charpy impact requirements some a.
small areas of undercut have been found. The welder says he can quickly put b.
this right by depositing a thin narrow bead along the undercut. In this situation c.
would you? d.

T09-19. Why would visual inspection of the excess weld metal at the bottom of a cross a.
country pipeline be important? b.
c.
d.

T09-21. Why is it essential to clean the excess weld metal on completion of the a.
production weld? b.
c.
d.

Page 11 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T5-14. During root welding, which of the following would be the main cause of excess a.
T09-12. penetration? b.
c.
d.

T5-16. At what level is H2 considered to be more critical in cracking? a.

T09-54. b.
c.
d.

T6-57. With regards to Lamellar tearing, a buttering layer will: a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-21. Lamellar tearing can be detected by which of the following NDE methods? a.
b.
c.
d.

G5-2. A fatigue fracture fracture can be indentified (from examination of the fracture a.
G09-9. ) b.
G6-21. c.
d.

G5-8. A steel designated as "Z" quality will have: a.

G09-25. b.
c.
d.

G6-10. Which of the following types of destructive test is sometimes used for welder a.
qualification testing b.
c.
d.

T6-8. Which one of these tests would most probably be used for welder qualificaiton a.
on a plate butt weld using 13mm low carbon steel b.

Page 12 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions Which one of these tests would most probably be used for welder qualificaiton
on a plate butt weld using 13mm low carbon steel
c.
d.

G5-9. A transverse tensile test piece from a weld joint will give the: a.
G09-14. b.
c.
d.

T5-22. In a welding procedure transverse joint tensile test the following observations a.
T09-25. were made. The specimen CSA was recorded as 25mm x 12mm and the b.
maximum load applied was recorded as 150kN. What is the UTS? c.
d.

T6-31. In welder qualification testing of 10mm plates, 2 root and 2 face bends were a.
test what course of action would you follow? b.
c.
d.

T5-23. In an all weld tensile test, the original specimen gauge length was 50mm, and a.
T09-27. after the test the increased gauge length was 60mm, what is the elongation b.
percentage? c.
d.

T5-24. Some codes require the excess weld metal (weld cap) on cross weld joint a.
T09-28. tensile specimens to be flush, this is because: b.
c.
d.

T6-47. When transverse tensile testing a welded joint the excess weld metal is often a.
removed. This action is done to: b.
c.
d.

T5-25. In welder qualification testing of 20mm plates, why are side bends used a.
T09-29. instead of root and face bends: b.
c.
d.

Page 13 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T5-26. Mechanical tests are divided into two areas, identify these from the list below: a.
T09-30. b.
c.
d.

T5-27. When examining a completed bend test, the angle of the bend was found to a.
T09-31. be 175o. The testing specification calls for the sample to have been formed b.
through 180o. c.
d.

T5-28. Charpy testing is carried out on a welding procedure test plate because? a.
T09-32. b.

c.
d.

T6-48. Charpy impact tests show a 50% rough torn surface and a 50% flat crystalline a.
surface after the completed test, this would indicate which type of failure? b.
c.
d.

T09-33. Charpy impact test showing a flat through surface after the completed test, a.
this would indicate which type of faiture? b.
c.
d.

T6-49. A STRA test is carried out to determine which of the following? a.

b.

c.
d.

T5-29. In a transverse WELD tensile test, if the break was in the Parent material, the a.
T09-26. sample would be: b.
c.
d.

Page 14 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T6-39. What unit of measurement is used for Charpy impact test a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-2. During a transverse tensile test, the first stage the specimen goes through is a.
known as: b.
c.
d.

T5-30. Root and Face bends from an 8mm thick butt weld require testing. The a.
specimens are cut to 20mm wide. The Code calls for a 4t bend. Which one of b.
the following former should be selected for the testing: c.
d.

G5-10. Which NDT method is associated with Burmah Castrol strips? a.

G6-1. b.
c.
d.

G09-13. Which NDT method is associated with the use of a yoke? a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-11. The penetrating power of an X-ray set is expressed in: a.

G09-26. b.
c.
d.

T5-4. You find out that the contractor has carried out radiography as per the 10% a.
contractual percentage required by the specification/Code. The specification
also insists that an additional 2 welds are radiographed for every weld that
has failed. One of the pipe spools had an unacceptable defect which the
contractor has ignored and radiographed another weld in its place which is b.
acceptable, what would your course of action be? c.

Page 15 of 62
 contractual percentage required by the specification/Code. The specification
also insists that an additional 2 welds are radiographed for every weld that
CSWIP 3.1 - has failed. One of the pipe spools had an unacceptable defect which the
Real Questions contractor has ignored and radiographed another weld in its place which is
acceptable, what would your course of action be?
d.

T5-31. With which of the following NDE processes is it possible to detect both surface a.
T09-43. and slight sub-surface defects up to 2mm below the surface: b.
c.
d.

T09-44. For MPI using the prods method, which of the following statements is true: a.
b.
c.
d.

T5-32. With the DPI method of inspection, after the contact time has elapsed the dye a.
T09-45. should be removed by: b.
c.
d.

T5-33. Which of the following commonly used radio active isotopes has the longest a.
T09-46. half life? b.
T6-40. c.
d.

T5-34. A 300mm diameter pipe, 10mm wall thickness is to be radiographically tested a.

using the double wall single image technique (DWSI). The source to be used is
Iridium 192. Which of the following statements is true?
T09-47. b.
c.
d.

T5-35. What is the greatest disadvantage of radiographic inspection? a.

T6-26. b.
T09-49. c.
d.

T09-48. Half life is a term used to describe a.

T6-13. b.
c.

Page 16 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 - Half life is a term used to describe
Real Questions

d.

T09-50. Which of the following defects are unlikely to be detected by normal a.

T6-21. radiographic techniques? b.
c.
d.

T6-43. Which of the following would be most unlikely to be found in a butt welded a.
butt joint using conventional radiographic method of NDT? b.
c.
d.

T6-19. Who should select the specific welds for NDT, to cover the 10% contractual a.
T09.24. percentage required by the Specification/Code? b.
c.
d.

T09-51. For ultrasonic testing, which of the following statements is true? a.

b.
c.
d.

G09-23. Which of the following standards is concerned with welder approval? a.

b.
c.
d.

G6-8. Which of the following standards is concerned with welder approval? a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-4. The WPS calls for a root gap to be between 2 and 3mm, the actual measured a.
gap is 4mm, of action would you like? b.
c.
d.

Page 17 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

G5-24. What is the abbreviation for a Welding Procedure Specification that has been a.
written for the purpose of qualifying a Weld Procedure Test weld? b.
c.
d.

T5-5. How are the lengths of tack welds during assembly and fit up determined? a.
T09-3. b.
T5-9. c.
d.

T5-7. What does the term WPS mean? a.

T09-6. b.
c.
d.

T6-55. What does the term WPQR mean? a.

b.
c.
d.

T09-4. Is it always necessary to preheat the base material before welding? a.

b.
c.
d.

T09-5. Which of the following would not be required to be checked before welding? a.
b.
c.
d.

T09-2. How do we determines what the correct weld preparation (root gap, root face, a.
included angle) should be? b.
c.
d.

T5-10. Which of the following would not be required to be checked before welding? a.
b.

Page 18 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions Which of the following would not be required to be checked before welding?

c.
d.

T5-11. Is it permissible to allow a trainee welder to carry out production welding? a.

b.
c.
d.

T09-17. What information should be recorded as a minimum, on a completed a.

production weld? b.
c.
d.

T09-7. Which standard is used for the basic requirements for visual inspection? a.
b.
c.
d.

G6-19. Which standard is used for European welding procedure qualifications? a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-6. A procedure is a document which: a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-23. Which BS EN standard is used for welding symbols on drawings? a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-50. A document that is established by consensus and approved by a recognised a.

body and provides, for common and repeated use, guidelines, rules, b.
characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the c.
optimum degree of order in a given context is called: d.

Page 19 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

G09-4. A fillet weld has a design throat thickness of 8mm. What is the minimum leg a.
length that is required? b.
c.
d.

G6-25. Which of the following actions can help to prevent the production of spatter a.
during a welding process b.
c.
d.

G09-17. A drawing with symbols to BS EN 22553 will show a 5mm leg filler by which of a.
G6-9. the following: b.
c.
d.

T6-3. Which of the following joint designs is preferred in cyclic loading condition? a.
b.
c.
d.

G09-5. The number 111 is shown at the tail-end of a weld symbol reference line. a.
According to BS EN ISO 22553, what does this number indicate? b.
c.
d.

T5-58. According to EN 22553, if the symbol is on the identification line, where does a.
the weld go? b.
c.
d.

T5-59. According to AWS 2.4, where does the symbol go for welding on the arrow a.
side? b.
T5-60. c.
d.

T5-60. Asymmetrical weld symbols to EN 22553 are: a.

Page 20 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions
Asymmetrical weld symbols to EN 22553 are:
b.
c.
d.

T6-60. While making a symbol for a symmetrical fillet weld a.

______________________________ b.
c.
d.

G6-18. Which of the following is normally true? a.

b.
c.
d.

G6-22. An effective weld metal volume reduction can be achieved a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-6. The typical included angle used for MMA welding of a 15mm thick steel single a.
G09-27. "V" butt joint is most likely to be: b.
c.
d.

G09-16. When measuring arc voltage, where should the measuring a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-28. Which of the following is NOT a fusion welding process? a.

G09-28. b.
c.
d.

T09-15. What is the maximum OCV allowable to initiate an arc when using AC current? a.
b.
c.

Page 21 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 - What is the maximum OCV allowable to initiate an arc when using AC current?
Real Questions

d.

T09-16. Why is the OCV capped at this voltage setting? a.

T6-15. b.
c.
d.

T6-34. A typical minimum OCV requirements for MMA (111) using filler rutile a.
electrode b.
c.
d.

T6-14. A typical minimum OCV requirements for MMA (111) using basic electrode a.
would be: b.
c.
d.

T6-45. Heat input can be altered from the original procedure according to EN1011, a.
b.
c.
d.

T5-36. A butt weld has been made by MMA in a 50mm thick impact tested steel a.
plate. The welding electrode used was a basic type, 5mm diameter. The
measured welding parameters for one of the runs was 220 amps, 21 volts,
T09-34. b.
using DC+ve polarity, and a ROL of 270mm per min. What would be the arc
c.
energy?
d.

T5-44. A butt weld has been made by MMA in a 50mm thick impact tested steel a.
plate. The welding electrode use was a basic type, 5mm diameter. The b.
measured welding parameters for one of the runs was 250 amps, 24 volts, c.
using DC+ve polarity, and a ROL of 180mm per min. What would be the Arc d.
energy?
T5-37. When using DC+ve polarity, what is the typical OCV? a.
b.
c.
d.

Page 22 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T09-35. When using DC+ve polarity, what is the typical OCV? a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-38. When MMA welding what will be the effect on the weld if the electrode was a.
T09-36. changed from DC+ve to AC b.
c.
d.

T5-39. What would the effect be if the polarity were changed from DC+ve to DC-ve? a.
T09-37. b.
c.
d.

T5-48. Which of the following processes uses a flat characteristic? a.

T09.39. b.
c.
d.

T6-1. How could arc blow be avoided? a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-41. Which process uses a constant current characteristic? a.

b.
c.
d.

G6-6. If the maximum inter pass temperature is exceeded in a carbon manganese a.

butt weld affected most b.
c.
d.

G6-7. What is meant by the term duty cycle? a.

Page 23 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions
What is meant by the term duty cycle?
b.
c.
d.

G6-20. The term manual welding is often used when the welder controls: a.
b.
c.
d.

G6-23. Which welding process develops the lowest level of hydrogen a.

b.
c.
d.

G6-28. Cast and Helix are terms that refer to: a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-6. base material before welding? a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-18. A MMA electrode which is classified as an E7024 (according to AWS) is a: a.

G09-1. b.
c.
d.

G5-20. An electrode is classified to BS EN ISO 2560 as E 35 3 B. What does 35 a.

G09-11. signify? b.
c.
d.

G5-21. A large diameter pipe with a wall thickness of 10mm is to be used for a cross- a.
G09-12. country pipeline. Which electrode type could be used to combine high welding b.
speed and deep penetration? c.

Page 24 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 - A large diameter pipe with a wall thickness of 10mm is to be used for a cross-
Real Questions country pipeline. Which electrode type could be used to combine high welding
speed and deep penetration?
d.

T5-17. Which of the following electrode types would produce the highest levels of a.
T09-55. hydrogen? b.
c.
d.

T6-56. Which of the following electrode types would produces the lowest levels of a.
hydrogen? b.
c.
d.

T09-59. Basic electrodes are often sold vacuum packed. The reason is: a.
b.
c.
d.

T5-18. A general terms which of the following would required the highest preheat if a.
T09-57. all other factors were the same as per ISO BS EN 1011? b.
T6-22. c.
d.

T5-40. Would you consider using a 5mm electrode for vertical up root runs in a 6G a.
T09-38. (HL045) fixed position pipe? b.
c.
d.

T5-49. When welding medium carbon steel plates over 100mm in thickness would a.
T09-40. basic electrodes require any pre-treatment before use? b.
c.
d.

T5-41. When welding medium carbon steel plates over 90mm in thickness would the a.
basic electrode require any pre-treatment before use? b.
c.
d.

Page 25 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T6-36. An advantage of the MMA (111) welding process is that if: a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-30. Rutile electrodes are often sold packed in a cardboard box covered with a a.
plastic film you found they were damp and the ends were rusty what course b.
of action would you c.
d.

T5-42. Which of the following defects are not associated with the MMA (SMAW) a.
T09-41. welding process? b.
c.
d.

T5-43. Slag lines found in MMA welds are usually associated with: a.
T09-42. b.
c.
d.

T5-46. When MMA welding what will be the effect on the weld if the electrode was a.
channged from AC to DC-ve? b.
c.
d.

G6-29. Which of the following electrodes don't require re-baking at higher a.

temperature b.
c.
d.

T6-42. Using the MMA process, which polarity produces the greatest penetration? a.
b.
c.
d.

T6-52. When welding vertically up with the MMA process weaving is sometimes a.
restricted diameter, this restriction is mainly applied to: b.

Page 26 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions When welding vertically up with the MMA process weaving is sometimes
restricted diameter, this restriction is mainly applied to:
c.
d.

G09-29. A typical baking temperature for basic low hydrogen electrodes is: a.
b.
c.
d.

G5-23. Which of the following imperfection types is NOT usually associated with TIG a.
welding? b.
c.
d.

G5-25. Which polarity is normally used for GTAW welding of aluminium? a.

G09-2. b.
c.
d.

T5-45. What is a typical arc voltage setting when welding with the TIG (GTAW) a.
process? b.
c.
d.

G6-4. In TIG welding hydrogen is added to argon for the welding of which type of a.
steel? b.
c.
d.

T6-50. Due to the high heating effect in the electrode when TIG welding (141) with a.
AC it is importance tungsten electrode used for AC welding is: b.
c.
d.

T6-5. Which Tungsten electrode is usually used to weld Aluminium? a.

b.
c.
d.

Page 27 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

G6-5. What may be a reason for using nitrogen gas in TIG welding? a.
b.
c.
d.

T5-47. What is the mode of metal transfer for the TIG (GTAW) welding process? a.
b.
c.
d.

G09-7. When MIG/MAG welding, wire feed speed is proportional to: a.

G5-26. b.
c.
d.

T6-38. When reviewing a radiograph of a weld made by the MAG (GSMAW) white a.
inclusion in the weld, which of the following best describes b.
c.
d.

G5-17. In the MAG welding process which gas type gives good penetration but an a.
unstable arc and high levels of spatter? b.
c.
d.

T6-10. If the torch was trailing when using the MIG/MAG process, which of the a.
following appear weld is most likely to be observed during visual b.
inspection? c.
d.

G5-27. The output characteristic of a typical MAG set is: a.

G09-22. b.
c.
d.

T6-28. Which of the following inspection points is most critical in affecting arc a.
conditions during the transfer MAG welding (135) process? DIP MODE???

Page 28 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions
Which of the following inspection points is most critical in affecting arc
conditions during the transfer MAG welding (135) process? DIP MODE??? b.
c.
d.

T5-20. Prior to commencing production welding using the MAG (GMAW) you notice a.
the earth clamp is in a very poor condition, what would you do? b.
c.
d.

T6-11. The welders have increased the electrode stickout length of the SAW set, what a.
the weld? b.
c.
d.

T6-44. The welders have increased the voltage on the SAW set, what would be the a.
effect appearance? b.
c.
d.

T6-51. An advantage of the SAW process is that: a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-19. Which type of submerged arc flux can be described as sharp? a.

G09-10. b.
c.
d.

G5-14. Standard oxy-fuel gas cutting equipment can be applied to: a.

G09-19. b.
G6-3. c.
d.

G5-7. Which of the following alloying elements is used mainly to improve the a.
G09-6. toughness of steel? b.
c.

Page 29 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 - Which of the following alloying elements is used mainly to improve the
Real Questions toughness of steel?

d.

G5-15. Weldment in Carbon-Manganese steels, made by low heat input welding may a.
G09-15. show: b.
c.
d.

G09-21. Weldments in C-Mn steels, made using a heat input higher than the maximum a.
specified by the WPS, may show: b.
c.
d.

G5-16. Using a stabilised stainless steel will reduce the risk of: a.
G09-18. b.
c.
d.

T5-19. Which of the following microstructures is critical to the likely formation of a.

T09-58. hydrogen cracks? b.
c.
d.

T6-9. An arc strike on a high carbon steel plate is likely to have the following a.
microstructure beneath surface b.
c.
d.

T5-51. Which of the following processes is most prone to solidification cracks? a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-52. Which of the following could be used to minimise the occurrence of a.

solidification cracks in steels welds? b.
c.
d.

Page 30 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

T09-52. Hydrogen cracking is considered a cold crack as it will not form till the a.
weldment cools to below: b.
c.
d.

T5-53. In a heavy plate fabrication where S is residual @0.3%, which may cause a.
problems in the welded joint, additions of Mn may be added to prevent b.
c.
d.

T09-53. Inspection for hydrogen cracking is often specified to be done between 48 to a.

T5-15. 72 hrs after completion of the weld, this is because? b.
c.
d.

T5-54. Preheats are used on steel joints of high hardenability mainly to: a.
b.
c.
d.

T5-55. Sensitisation is a term applied to the formation of which intermetallic a.

compound at the grain boundaries in the HAZ of austenitic stainless steels? b.
c.
d.

G6-27. When comparing the properties of plain carbon steels and austenitic stainless a.
steels which of the following statements is true? b.
c.
d.

T5-56. Weld decay occurs in which of the following steel types: a.

b.
c.
d.

G6-13. Which of the following materials is most susceptible to hydrogen cracking? a.

b.

Page 31 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions Which of the following materials is most susceptible to hydrogen cracking?

c.
d.

T6-16. Austenitic stainless steels are not susceptible to HICC becausse: a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-24. The higher the alloy content of steels: a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-7. Which one of these statements is true concerning solidification cracking? a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-27. A solidification crack normally occurs where? a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-57. Weld decay is caused by the formation of a compound with carbon. The other a.
element in this compound is: b.
c.
d.

G5-12. The directions of shrinkage in a welded joint are: a.

b.
c.
d.

G6-2. In a single pass weld, the width of the zone in which longitudinal residual a.
stresses are b.
c.
d.

Page 32 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

G6-11. What does the term "back-step" refer to during welding? a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-13. Sequential welding is referred to with reference to which of the following? a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-4. A typical temperature for stress relieving C-Mn steel weldmet is: a.
G09-8. b.
G6-12. c.
d.

G5-5. A typical temperature for normalising C-Mn steel is: a.

b.
c.
d.

T6-46. A maximum interpass temperature is generally given to control: a.

b.
c.
d.

T5-3. During post weld heat treatment what is the sequence for the PWHT chart? a.
b.
c.
d.

T6-53. A post weld heat-treatment may also be of benefit in minimising the risk of a.
treatment would be called: DECAY b.
c.
d.

T6-54. After PWHT, it has been noticed that a repair must be carried out. How should a.
this be done?

Page 33 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions
After PWHT, it has been noticed that a repair must be carried out. How should
this be done? b.
c.
d.

G6-17. Preheating may not be necessary during welding in which of the following a.
material? b.
c.
d.

T6-35. The main problem with solution treatment of stainless steels is that: a.
b.
c.
d.

T5-13. temperature? a.
b.
c.
d.

T09-11. When would you measure the interpass temperature? a.

b.
c.
d.

G6-16. If pre heating is decreased, which of the following would be most greatly a.
affected? b.
c.
d.

T6-32. Assuming the same materials and welding procedure were used, which of the a.
T09-56. following is the highest preheat? b.
c.
d.

T6-58. Why is it sometimes necessary to preheat the base material before welding? a.
b.
c.

Page 34 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 - Why is it sometimes necessary to preheat the base material before welding?
Real Questions

d.

T09-18. What is meant by the term PWHT? a.

b.
c.
d.

G5-3. Ultraviolet and infrared radiation, produced during arc welding, may: a.
b.
c.
d.

T09-8. Who is responsible for site safety? a.

b.
c.
d.

T09-9. Is it permissible to allow welding to be carried out in bad weather? a.

b.
c.
d.

Page 35 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

200mm
600mm
60mm
6000mm

90-125 lux
150-250 lux
350-500 lux
35-50 lux

NDT operators
Inspectors only
Welder only
Welder and Inspectors

None
None as long as they pass the radiography
Dismiss the welder
Suggest a period of retraining followed by a requalification test

The welding engineer

The welding supervisor
The welder will decide
The inspector will recommend what is suitable

The QA department
Store man and the welder
Welding engineer
The welder and the welding inspector

The welder and the welding inspector

Store man and the welder
Welding engineer
The QA department

Never
The welder has the final say on voltage and current

Page 36 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Only if the current is within the range recorded on the WPS

As long as the welder has approval from the welding foreman

Report the incident and record all relevant information

Allow welding to proceed if the workmanship is good
None if the tensile strength of the consumable is the same as the
Change the electrode for the correct type and continue welding

NDT operators
Inspectors only
Welders only
Welding engineer

The contractor's inspector

Site manager
The welder
The client's inspector or certifying authority

b = 15 h = 3.0
b = 22 h = 3.0
b = 28 h = 4.0
b = 40 h = 5.4

Use of a high manganese filler wire

Use of a damp flux
Weld bead is deep and narrow
Use of too high voltage

Undercut
Incompletely filled groove
Irregular width
Excess penetration

None I am only inspecting the weld

Recommend that the area be dressed smooth
Recommend that the area be dressed smooth followed by MPI
High carbon steel is not susceptible to cracking so I would weld over

Page 37 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

As hydrogen levels increase Lamellar tearing is more likely

As material thickness increases ductility decreases making Lamellar
Lamellar tearing occurs in the HAZ
Lamellar tearing affects all joint types

Surface breaking planar

Root concavity
Buried planar
Surface breaking non-planar

Current is too high

Root gap is too small
Travel speed is too fast
Current is too low

Agree to go ahead with no preheat as the weld is so small

Only allow the welder to cosmetically blend out the undercut
providing the wall thickness remains within the specification
tolerances
Agree to go ahead with a preheat 50oC above original
Cut out the joint and re-weld

Agree to go ahead with no preheat as the weld is so small

Agree to go ahead with the same preheat as the original weld
Agree to go ahead with a preheat 50oC above original
Only allow the welder to cosmetically blend out the undercut

It is the most difficult area to weld

It is the dirtiest part of the pipe as it is near the ground
Welders always forget to weld the bottom
It is the most difficult area to radiograph

So it can be ready for painting

To remove any rust
To ensure it is suitably clean for visual inspection and NDT
To remove slag from the undercut

Page 38 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

The root gap is too small in accordance with WPS

Preheat not used
The current is too high
Root face is too large

Less than 5ml per 100g of weld metal deposited

Between 5 and 10ml per 100g of weld metal deposited
Between 10 and 15ml per 100g of weld metal deposited
Over 15ml per 100g of weld metal deposited

Improve ductility
Disperse heat
Improve toughness
Improve hardness

Radiography
Ultrasonics
Eddy current
MPI using AC

The presence of beach marks

The presence of plastic deformation
Being rough and torn
Being flat and rough

Through thickness ductility > 20%

Through thickness ductility < 20%
Been specially heat treated
Zirconium added to improve weldability

Hardness test
Fracture test
Charpy V notch impact test
CTOD test

CTOD
Nick break test

Page 39 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Fracture fillet test

IZOD

Tensile strength of the weld

Tensile strength of the joint
Stress/Strain characteristics of the weld
Stress/Strain characteristics of the joint

50kN/mm2
5500N/mm2
500N/mm2
50N/mm2

Accept them as 75% were acceptable, you are allowed one failure
2 more root bends should be prepared and tested
2 more root and 2 more face bends should be prepared and tested
Retest the welder

%A is 50
%A is 20
%A is 29
%A is 36

Flushed caps will always break in the weld metal area

This is to remove any porosity in the excess weld metal (weld cap)
It is easier to calculate the cross sectional area of the joint when
Flushed caps have fewer stress raisers and therefore give a more
accurate result
Allow the test piece to fit accurately into the equipment
Reduce stress concentrations to the weld toes
Allow strain gauges to be placed over the weld face area
Allow weld metal ductility to be measured

They are easier to produce

The testing equipment cannot handle thick root/face bends
Root defects are not important for welder qualification
They give more accurate indications

Page 40 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Destructive and non destructive tests

Qualitative and quantitative
Visual and mechanical
Qualitative and visual

The bends should be considered as falled

They should be bent to 180o then re-examined
They should be acceptable as the reduction in angle is due to
They should be rejected as the angle is not close enough to be

It gives an indication of the through thickness ductility (in the Z

The impact test results can be used to verify that the material has
not been adversely affected by the heat of the welding
It gives an indication of the materials elongation properties
It gives a quick indication of the weld quality for welder qualification

Fatigue to brittle
Ductile to brittle
Ductile with gross yielding
Fatigue to ductile

Fatigue
Ductile
Fatigue to ductile
Brittle

A quick indication of the weld quality for welder qualification tests

The test results can be used to verify that the material has not been
adversely mechanically damage by the heat during welding
An indication of the materials' elongation properties
An indication of the through thickness ductility (in the Z direction)

Rejected
Acceptable if the UTS is equal to or greater than the specified UTS of
Rejected
Acceptable if the UTS is between 80 - 90% of the specified UTS of

Page 41 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Joules
N/mm2
kJ
VPN

Plastic stage
Elastic stage
Deformed stage
UTS stage

80mm radius
80mm diameter
32mm radius
32mm diameter

Radiographic testing
Helium leak testing
Magnetic particle testing
Ultrasonic testing

Radiographic testing
Helium leak testing
Magnetic particle testing
Ultrasonic testing

Curies
kV
IQI values
The number after the isotope type

As long as the other radiographed butt weld is acceptable its OK as

the 10% contractual percentage required by the specification/Code
has been satisfied
This is usual practice as 10% NDT is not really important
Review the original failed weld and insist that they have the

Page 42 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Review the original failed weld and have it repaired, radiographed.

Then I would insist that they have an additional 2 welds
radiographed
Visual
Dye penetrant
Magnetic particle using DC
Magnetic particle using AC

It may cause arc damage on the specimen material surface

It requires fewer operators therefore is easier
It can be used with ferritic and non-ferritic materials
It is quicker than using a yoke type electromagnet

Spraying the surface with the remover till all dye has gone then
wipe withwith
Spraying a clean
the cloth
developer then wiping with a cloth
Wipe clean, using a lint free cloth soaked in a solvent remover
It doesnt matter how it is done as long as all traces of dye are

Iridium 192
Cobalt 60
Thulium 170
Ytterbium 169

It should not be done as the thickness is below that recommended

It would be better to use a cobalt 60 source in this instance

There is no problem with the technique
Only the double wall, double image technique should be used with

Its inability to size defects accurately

The physical size of the equipment
The skill level of the operators
The harmful effects of ionising radiation

The penetrating ability a gamma source

Half the total time a gamma source will be useful
The time taken for the gamma source to reduce its strength by half

Page 43 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

The rate of decay of an X-ray tube

Intergranular corrosion cracking

Porosity
Slag
Lack of penetration

Linear elongated slag inclusions in the root (wagon tracks)

Burn through
Lack of sidewall fusion
An elongated gas cavity

Anyone can select

The welder as he knows which
This will be referenced in the inspection and test plan
Nobody, as welding is always carried out to a high standard the use

It is easy to identify all defects

The equipment should be calibrated before use
The equipment cannot be automated
Sound waves will not travel through copper

BS EN 499
BS EN 288
BS EN 22553
BS EN 287

BS EN ISO 2560
BS EN 15614
BS EN ISO 22553
BS EN 287

Accept it as its only 1mm

Reject it
The welder will decide, if it fails it will be his problem
The welder insists he can weld the butt joint easily so let him go

Page 44 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

WPS
pWPS
uWPS
pWPT

By the welders as they have extensive knowledge

The fabrication specification will give minimum tack length
The fabrication drawing will give all the information
Any length of tack weld will do for assembly

Weld productivity specification

Weld production scheme
Welding procedure specification
Work productivity standard

Weld productivity quality review

Weld productivity quality requirements
Welding procedure qualification record
Work production quantity review

Not on a sunny day

Only in accordance with the WPS
If the quipment is available it must be used
If using cellulosic rods these will provide enough heat

The welding consumables

The weld root gap
PWHT temperature range
The weld preparation

By consulting the WPSs

The fabrication drawing will give all the information
The welder will decide
The inspectors will recommend what is suitable

The welding consumable

The welder qualification

Page 45 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Calibration of the welding equipment

The workshop humidity

Never
Yes as long as the supervisor is happy with his workmanship
Yes as long as he has the approved qualification to cover the
Yes as long as no NDT is required on the finished weld

Size and type of electrode used

Welding supervisor's name
Welder's identification, date and weld number
Welding inspectors name

BS EN 970
API 1104
BS EN 7079
BS EN 4515

ASME IX
BS EN ISO 4872
BS EN ISO 15614
BS EN ISO 287

Specifies the way to carry out an activity or a process

Provides binding legistative rules that are adopted by an authority
Specifies which resources shall be applied by whom and when, to a
A written and verbal description of the precise steps to be followed

BS EN 970
BS EN287
BS EN 22553
BS EN 4515

Normative document
Regulation
Specification
Standard

Page 46 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

5.6mm
11.2mm
11.8mm
It cannot be determined from the information given

Switch to AC power
Use dry electrodes
Reduce arc current
All of the above

a5
t5
z5
5Z

View A
View B
View C
View D

Welding process
Type of welding electrode
Welding position
Total weld length

On both sides
On the arrow side
Opposite arrow side
It does not matter

Below solid line

Above solid line
Depends on the joint
Always weld where the arrow is pointing

The same both sides of the arrow

Page 47 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Different each side of the arrow

Show fillet welds only
Show butt welds only

the size does not need not be mentioned

the length can be mentioned to the left of the symbol
the finish is assumed to be flat
the broken line can be omitted

Impact energy is specified in N/mm2

Heat input is specified in kJ/mm2
Yield strength is specified in N/mm2
Diffusible hydrogen is specified in ml

Changing from double V to single V

Changing from single V to single U
Changing from double U to single V
Changing from single J to single V

30o
120o
70o
90o

Across the terminals of the power source

Across the arc and as near as practical to the arc
Across the power source positive terminal and earth cable
It does not matter - anywhere in the circuit

Friction welding
Gas tungsten arc welding
Resistance welding
Laser welding

1000V
10V
90V

Page 48 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

900V

To save electricity
To prevent exploding of the consumable
Allow smooth transition into welding voltage range
To reduce the risk of fatality

40V
120V
100V
50V

70V
40V
100V
20V

+10%
+20%
+25%
+30%

Insufficient information given to calculate the arc energy

1.54kJ/mm
1.026kJ/mm
2.82kJ/mm

Insufficient information given to calculate the arc energy

1.9kJ/mm
1.87kJ/mm
2.0kJ/mm

10-40V
50-90V
100-140V
200-240V

Page 49 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

20V
50V
90V
240V

None
It would have been easier for the welder to strike the arc
It would slightly increase the depth of penetration
It would give less penetration

None
Greater deposition rate
Greater penetration
Less deposition rate

MAG (GMAW)
Oxy-fuel gas welding
Resistance spot welding
SAW using more than 1000 amps

Use AC
Use DC+
Use DC-
Increase travel speed

MIG/MAG
MMA
FCAW
All processes use this

Hardness
Toughness
Fusion
Penetration

How long a welder can weld for in a given period

Page 50 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

The amount of time the electrode is being used

The amount of time a welding machine can be used
The amount of electricity being consumed

Arc length
Wire speed
Burn off rate
Transfer mode

TIG
SAW

Ingredients in the flux covering

Bead deposition techniques for distortion control
Quality of the welding wires
Sources from which wires are drawn

with the WPS
equipment is availuable it must be used
using cellulosic rods these will provide enough heat

Basic type
Cellulosic type
Rutile type
Thick coated iron powder

350 N/mm2 yield strength

35 Joules -30oC
35 N/mm2 tensile strength
35ksi tensile strength

Basic covered
Cellulosic covered
Rutile covered

Page 51 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Iron powder loaded

Basic electrode when baked correctly

Cellulosic in a sealed tin
Rutile
Heavy rutile

Cellulose coated electrodes sealed in a tin immediately after

Basic coated electrodes when baked correctly immediately prior to
Rutile coated electrodes when dried at 150oC prior to use
Heavy rutile coated electrodes when dried at 150oC for 2 hours prior

They have been packed at the manufactures at a hydrogen level

They are mass produced which makes these electrodes cheap
They require less baking time after removal from the packet
They are formulated that once open they will pick up no more

MMA weld with cellulosic electrodes

MMA weld with rutile electrodes
MMA weld with basic electrodes
MAG weld with solid wire

Yes, it is compatible
Yes but this would depend upon the welder skill
No, it is not the most suitable electrode coating type
No the electrode should have been smaller in diameter

None if they were in a vacuum pack opened 8 hours prior to use

None if they were in a sealed vacuum pack prior to use
Heat to 500oC for 2 hours if used outside
Baked at 150oC for 4 hours prior to use

None if they were in a vacuum pack

None if they were used in a factory
Heat to 500oC for 2 hours if used outside
Baked at 150oC for 4 hours prior to use

Page 52 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Has higher current density than SAW (121) welding

Has a very large range of consumable for most welding applications
No core wire is lost during the process
Requires a lower skill level than other manual forms of welding

Use them as rutile electrodes are only for general purpose welding
Re-dry them at 125oC and issue to the shop floor
Quarantine them
Only use them for tack welding

Isolated pores
Lack of fusion
Undercut
Tungsten inclusions

The voltage being too low

The open circuit current being too high
Improper cleaning between weld runs
Low open circuit voltage

None
Lower deposition rate
It would be less penetration or a slight increase in deposition rate
The arc would become unstable

Cellulosic types
Vacuum packed types
Hydrogen types

AC
DC-
DC+
Depends on electrode size

Reduce the overall width of the weld

Limit the heat input into the joint

Page 53 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Reduce the number of electrodes used in the joint

Reduce the time required to finish the weld

120oC
350oC
500oC
200oC

Tungsten inclusion
Lack of root fusion
Crater pipe
Spatter

AC
DC electrode negative
DC electrode positive
It would make little difference which was used

18-20V
24-26V
10-12V
70-90V

Carbon steel
Copper
Carbon manganese steel
Austenitic stainless steel

Ground to a fine vertex angle of < 30o before welding

Used straight from the packet without any grinding
Lightly ground to a slight chamfer (comers only removed)
Used without grinding and baked at 300oC for an hour before use

Zirconiated
Thoriated
Large diameter
Pointed electrodes

Page 54 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

To stabilized the arc when welding carbon steel

It can be used to weld copper
The gas used is always the choice of the welder
It is the very best gas to weld Nickel Alloys

Spray transfer
Globular transfer
Dip transfer
None of the above

Travel speed
Welding current
Arc length
Inductance

Tungsten inclusion
Spatter on the cap
Copper inclusion
It is most likely to be a film mark

Pure Carbon dioxide

Pure argon
Argon +5-20% Carbon dioxide
Argon +1-2% Oxygen or Carbon dioxide

No undercut and shallow penetration

Severe undercut and deep penetration
Moderate undercut and penetration
Minimum undercut and excess weld metal

Constant voltage
Constant current
Drooping
Pulsing

All electrical connections and contacts

Page 55 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Gas flow rate

Inductance settings
Electrode coating type

Nothing
Insist the welder have it replaced before commencing welding
It will not affect the welding so wait untill it eventually melts of then
It will be OK for welding but ensure that nobody touches it because

No effect
The weld width would be narrower
Penetration will be increased
The deposition rate would be greater if wire feed rate is increased

No effect
The weld width would be narrower
Penetration will be increased
The weld width would be wider

It can be used in the vertical down (PG) position

Little or no ozone or UV light is produced/emitted
It is not affected by arc blow
It is not prone to solidification cracking

Agglomerated
Fused
Basic
Neutral

Aluminium alloys
Carbon steels
Austenitic stainless steels
Copper

Chrome
Managanese
Sulphur

Page 56 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

Carbon

Greater ductility
Higher distortion
Higher dilution
Higher hardness

Higher integrity
Lower distortion
Lower toughness
Higher hardness

Excessive distortion
Weld decay
Formation of iron-sulphides
Sour service cracking

Austenite
Ferrite
Pearlite
Martensite

Austenite
Martensite
Ferrite
Pearlite

MMA with basic coated electrodes

MMA with rutile coated electrodes
TIG
SAW

Increase sulphur levels to a minimum of 0.5%

Reduce the dilution into the base metal
Increase carbon content in the weld metal
Reduce the manganese content in the weld metal

Page 57 of 62
CSWIP 3.1 -
Real Questions

500oC
300oC
300oF
730oC

Laminations in the plate through thickness

Stress corrosion cracks
Manganese sulphides (MnS)
Solidification cracking

The stress level will have reduced by then

It is the maximum time it taken for all the H2 to diffuse out of the
Usually after 48 hrs such cracking is unlikely to occur
It is to ensure the weld has property cooled down to ambient
temperature
Slow the cooling rate of the steel
Remove surface moisture from the joint
Reduce the formation of surface oxides
Increase the diffusion rate of hydrogen into the HAZ

Chromium carbide
Titanium carbide
Niobium carbide
Molybdenum carbide

Carbon steels have better thermal conductivity

Stainless steels have low expansion and contraction
Carbon steels have higher expansion rates in the Z direction
Stainless steels have lower chromium

Carbon Manganese
Low alloy
Any stainless steels
Austenitic stainless steels

Low carbon steel

Austenitic stainless steel

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High strength low alloy steel

Aluminium

They are non-magnetic

They are stainless and contain chromium
They don't harden during heating and cooling
They are highly ductile

The lower the tendency for HICC to occur

The higher the tendency for HICC to occur
High alloy steels do not influence HICC susceptible
None of the above

Only occurs in MMA welding

Increased depth to width ratio will increase stress
Never occurs in MIG/MAG welding
All of the above

Through the HAZ

Longitudinal through the weld centre line
Transverse through the weld
Can occur anywhere

Manganese
Sulphur
Chromium
Nickel

Transverse and diagonal

Transverse, short transverse and conical
Transverse, short transverse and longitudinal
Angular, diagonal and transgranular

Independent of the weld width

Narrower than the weld metal
The same width as the weld metal
Wider than the weld metal and the heat affected zone

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A QA term referring to inspection points

Use of step wedges on the root of the joint
Use of step wedges for radiography
A weld run sequence

Distortion
Residual stress
Fatigue life
Not associated with any of the above

580oC - 620oC
5000oC - 6200oC
75oC - 80oC
1500oC - 1800oC

Approximately 200oC
Approximately 300oC
Approximately 900oC
Approximately 1200oC

High HAZ hardness

Low HAZ toughness
Lack of inter-run fusion
Excess levels of penetration

Restricted heating rate, soak time, unrestricted cooling rate

Unrestricted heating rate, restricted heating rate, soak time,
Unrestricted heating rate, soak time, restricted cooling rate
Restricted heating rate, unrestricted heating rate, soak time,

Stress relief
Normalising
Quench and Tempering
Solution treatment over 1000oC

With the minimum amount of heat input

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Welded, checked and PWHT again

Defect removed via non-thermal process then checked
Welded and allowed to cool in air

Welding of cast iron

Welding of low alloy steels
Welding of martensitic stainless steels
Welding of austenitic stainless steels

Controlling the rate of the temperature use

Controlling the cooling rate
The length of the soak period
High risk of distortion

prior to commencing the first pass and subsequent passes
When the welding is complete
Minimum preheat temperature measurement is only required if the

The highest temperature recorded in the weld joint immediately

Immediately prior to commencing the first pass
When the welding is complete
Only required if the heat input is lower than that specified in WPS

Impact value
Hardness
Tensile strength
Toughness

Butt weld in 35mm plate

Cruciform joint in 25mm plate
Tee joint butt welded in 30mm plate
Tee joint fillet welded in 20mm plate

Remove oil and grease

Remove moisture from the inside of the material
Prevent the possible risk of cracking

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Not required if using cellulosic electrodes, as these will provide

Pipe weld heat treatment

Pre weld heat treatment
Post weld hydrogen tearing
Post weld heat treatment

Make arc striking easier

Be used for weld testing
Increase the welding speed
Cause skin burns

Site engineer
Welding supervisor
An approved inspector
Everyone

Never
Yes as long as there is adequare protection from the poor weather
Yes as long as basic low hydrogen welding electrodes are used
Yes as long as the welder is prepared to work in the rain

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