Steel (Khmer)
Steel (Khmer)
Steel (Khmer)
qñaM 2010
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
matika
Contents
I. esckþIepþIm (Introduction)
1>1> karsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM (Structural Design) ..............................................................1
1>2> bnÞúk (Loads)...............................................................................................................4
1>3> Building Codes .......................................................................................................... 5
1>4> Design Specifications ..................................................................................................5
1>5> eRKOgbgÁúMGMBIEdk (Structural Steel) ...............................................................................6
1>6> rUbragmuxkat;bTdæan (standard Cross-sectional Shapes) ............................................11
V. Fñwm
Beams
5>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction) ........................................................................................ 120
5>2> kugRtaMgBt; nigm:Um:g;)øasÞic (Bending Stress and the Plastic Moment) ...................... 121
5>3> lMnwg (Stability) ...................................................................................................... 127
5>4> cMNat;fñak;rbs;rUbrag (Classification of Shapes) ..................................................... 129
5>5> Bending Strength of Compact Shapes .................................................................. 130
5>6> Bending Strength of Noncompact Shapes............................................................. 140
5>7> Summary of Moment Strength ............................................................................. 144
5>8> ersIusþg;kmøaMgkat;TTwg (Shear Strength) ................................................................. 145
5>9> PaBdab (Deflection) ............................................................................................... 152
5>10> karKNnamuxkat; (Design) ................................................................................... 154
5>11> rn§RbehagenAkñúgFñwm (Holes in Beam).................................................................. 165
5>12> Open-Web Steel Joists ....................................................................................... 167
5>13> bnÞHRTFñwm nigbnÞH)atssr (Beam Bearing Plates and Column Base Plate) ...... 171
T.Chhay ii Contents
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
VIII. tMNcakp©it
Eccentric Connections
8>1> ]TahrN_sMrab;tMNcakp©it (Examples of Eccentric Connections) .......................... 306
8>2> tMNcMNakp©itedayb‘ULúg³ EtkmøaMgkat; (Eccentric Bolted Connections:
Shear only) .......................................................................................................... 307
8>3> tMNcMNakp©itedayb‘ULúg³ kmøaMgkat;bUknwgkmøaMgTaj
Eccentric Bolted Connections: Shear Plus Tension .......................................... 319
8>4> tMNcMNakp©itedaypSar³ EtkmøaMgkat;
Eccentric Welded Connections: Shear only........................................................ 323
8>5> tMNcMNakp©itedaypSar³ kmøaMgkat; nigkmøaMgTaj
Eccentric Welded Connections: Shear and Tension ........................................... 333
8>6> tMNTb;m:Um:g; (Moment-Resisting Connection)......................................................... 339
8>7> Column Stiffeners and other Reinforcement ...................................................... 348
8>8> End Plate Connection.......................................................................................... 361
8>9> esckþIsnñidæan (Concluding Remarks) ................................................................. 369
IX. eRKOgbgÁúMsmas
Composite Construction
9>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)........................................................................................ 370
9>2> karsagsg;edaymankarTb; nigedayminmankarTb;
Shored Versus Unshored Construction .............................................................. 382
9>3> TTwgsøabRbsiT§PaB (Effect Flange Width ) ............................................................ 384
9>4> Shear Connectors ................................................................................................. 387
9>5> karKNnamuxkat; (Design) ....................................................................................... 390
9>6> PaBdab (Deflections) .............................................................................................. 395
9>7> FñwmsmasCamYynwgkRmalBum<Edk (Composite Beams with Formed Steel Deck) .... 399
9>8> taragsRmab;karviPaK nigkarKNnaFñwmsmas
Tables for Composite Beam Analysis and Design.............................................. 412
9>9> FñwmCab; (Continuous Beams).................................................................................... 419
9>10> ssrsmas (Composite Columns) ....................................................................... 421
T.Chhay iv Contents
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
X. rtEdkbnÞH
Plate Girder
10>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction) .................................................................................... 428
10>2> karBicarNaTUeTA (General Considerations ) .......................................................... 429
10>3> tRmUvkarrbs; AISC (AISC Requirements) ...................................................... 433
10>4> ersIusþg;rgkarBt; (Flexural Strength) ..................................................................... 435
10>5> ersIusþg;kmøaMgkat; (Shear Strength) ........................................................................ 438
10>6> GnþrGMeBIénkarBt; nigkmøaMgkat; (Interaction of Flexural and Shear) ..................... 444
10>7> Bearing Stiffeners .............................................................................................. 445
10>8> kaKNnamuxkat; (Design) ...................................................................................... 457
Appendix A. karKNna nigkarviPaKedaylkçN³)aøsÞic
Plastic Analysis and Design
A>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction) ..................................................................................... 478
A>2> AISC Requirements.............................................................................................. 480
Appendix B. karKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdkedayQrelIkugRtaMgGnuBaØat
Structural Steel Design Based on Allowable Stress
matika v T.Chhay
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
I. esckþIepþIm
Introduction
esckþIepþIm 3 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
T.Chhay 4 Introduction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
bnÞúkrBa¢ÜydICaCMBUkBiessmYyeTotEdleKcaM)ac;BicarNaBIvasRmab;EtTItaMgPUmisaRsþNaEdl
GacekItmanrBa¢ÜydIb:ueNÑaH. karsikSaviPaKeRKOgbgÁúMEdlrg\T§iBlrBa¢ÜydITamTarkarsikSaviPaK
structure’s response eTAnwgclnarbs;dIEdlbegáIteLIgedayrBa¢ÜydI. eBlxøHeKeRbIviFIgayRsYl
rkplcMeNj.
Specification EdlvisVkreRKOgbgÁúMcab;GarmμN_eRcInKW specification Edle)aHBum<pSayeday
GgÁkardUcxageRkam³
esckþIepþIm 5 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
ε = strain tamG½kS
T.Chhay 6 Introduction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
L= RbEvgrbs;sMNakKMrU
ΔL = kMhUcRTg;RTay
Lo = RbEvgedIm
T.Chhay 8 Introduction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
ehIymanlkçN³rgkarTajdUcxageRkam³
Yield stress: Fy = 36 Ksi ≈ 250 MPa
Edk A36 RtUv)ancat;fñak;Ca plain carbon steel ehIyvamansarFatupSM ¬eRkABI iron¦ dUcxageRkam³
Carbon: 0.26% ¬Gtibrma¦
50ksi ≈ 345MPa nigman tensile strength 65ksi ≈ 450MPa b¤ 70ksi ≈ 480 MPa ehIyeKk¾man
50ksi ≈ 345MPa CamYynwg tensile strength EdlRtUvKñanwg 63ksi ≈ 435MPa / 67 ksi ≈ 460 MPa
Edk A242 minEmn ductile dUc A36 . sac;lUtEdlQrelIRbEvgedIm 8in. ≈ 200mm esμInwg 18%
ebIeRbobeFobCamYysac;lUtrbs; A36 EdlmantémøesμInwg 20% .
eKalbMNgcMbgkñúgkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdkKWkareRCIserIsmuxkat;EdlsmRsbsRmab;
esckþIepþIm 11 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
T.Chhay 12 Introduction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
Channel Edr.
esckþIepþIm 13 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
T.Chhay 14 Introduction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
esckþIepþIm 15 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
II. eKalKMnitkñúgkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁÁúMEdk
Concepts in Structural Steel Design
karsikSaKNnaGgát;eRKOgbgÁúMtMrUvnUvkareRCIserIsmuxkat;EdlmansuvtßiPaB nigmanlkçN³
esdækic© edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgEdlGnuvtþBIxageRkA. CaTUeTA lkçN³esdækic©mann½yfabrimaNEdk
Gb,brma. brimaNenHRtUvnwgmuxkat;EdlmanTm¶n;kñúgmYyÉktþaRbEvgRsalCageK ehIyRtUvnwgmux
kat;EdlmanRkLaépÞtUcCageKpgEdr. edIm,ITTYl)annUveKalbMNgenH visVkreRKOgbgÁúMk¾RtUvsMerc
eFVIy:agNaeGayvamanlkçN³suvtßiPaBpgEdr. eKmanviFIkñúgkarKNnabIsMxan;xus²KñaKW³
!> sRmab; allowable stress design eKRtUveRCIserIsGgát;EdlmanlkçN³muxkat;dUcCa RkLa
épÞ nigm:Um:g;niclPaBFMRKb;RKan;edIm,IkarBarkugRtaMgGtibrmakMueGayFMCagkugRtaMg
GnuBaØat. kugRtaMgGnuBaØatKWsßitenAkñúgtMbn;eGLasÞicrbs;smÖar³ ehIyvamantémøtUcCag
yield stress Fy ¬emIlrUbTI 1>4¦. témørbs;kugRtaMgGnuBaØatGacesμInwg 0.6 Fy . eKTTYl
rgbnÞúkeFVIkar.
@> Plastic design KWQrelIkarsnμt;lkçxNÐ)ak; (failure) CaglkçxNÐbnÞúkeFVIkar. Ggát;
RtUv)aneRCIserIsedayeRbIlkçxNÐvinicä½yeGayeRKOgbgÁúM)ak;eRkambnÞúkEdlFMCagbnÞúkeFVI
kar. kar)ak; (failure) k¾mann½yfavamanPaBdabFMelIslub. eKeRbIBakü plastic enATI
enHeRBaH enAeBl)ak; Epñkrbs;Ggát;nwgrg strain FM EdlvamantémøFMRKb;RKan;edIm,I eGay
Ggát;sßitenAkñúgtMbn;)aøsÞic ¬emIlrUbTI 1>3 b¦. enAeBlEdlmuxkat;TaMgmUlrbs;Ggát;
køayeTACa)aøsÞicenATItaMgRKb;RKan; plastic hinge nwgekIteLIgenATItaMgenaH Edl
begáIt)anCa collapse mechanism. edaysarbnÞúkCak;EsþgtUcCag failure load
edaymanemKuNsuvtßiPaBEdleKsÁal;faCa emKuNbnÞúk (load factor). Ggát;EdlKNna
failure load.
Ggát;EdlKNnaedayRTwsþI)aøsÞicnwgeTAdl;cMNuc)ak;eRkamGMeBIbnÞúkemKuN Etvamansuvtßi-
PaBeRkamGMeBIbnÞúkeFVIkarCak;Esþg.
#> Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) manlkçN³RsedogKñanwg plastic design
Rtg;eKKitlkçxNÐeBl)ak;. eKGnuvtþemKuNbnÞúkeTAelIbnÞúkeFVIkar ehIyeKRtUveRCIserIs
Ggát;EdlmanersIusþg;RKb;RKan;edIm,IkarBarbnÞúkemKuN. elIsBIenH ersIusþg;Edl)anBIRTwsþI
RtUv)ankat;bnßyedaykarGnuvtþemKuNersIusþg;. lkçN³vinicä½yEdlRtUvbMeBjkñúgkareRCIs
erIsGgát;enHKW³
sRmab; load and resistance factor design sRmab;sMNg;GMBIEdk rYmCamYynwg Manual of Steel
Construction. eKalbMNgénÉksarTaMgBIrKWpþl;nUvCeRmIssRmab;karKNnatam allowable stress
Highway bridge design standard pþl;eGayTaMg allowable stress design (AASHTO, 1992) nig
∑γ Q i i ≤ φRn (2.3)
γ = emKuNbnÞúk
i
φ = emKuNersIusþg;
φR RtUv)aneKehAfa ersIusþg;KNna (design strength). GgÁxageqVgénsmIkar 2.3, ∑ γ Q KWCa
n i i
eKalKMnitkñúgkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdk 19 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
naMeGaylT§plrbs;smIkarenHtUcCaglT§plrbs;smIkard¾éT.
cemøIy³ bnSMbnÞúkEdllubKW (A4-2) ehIybnÞúkemKuNKW 954.5kN .
b. RbsinebIeKCMnYsbnÞúkemKuNxagelIeTAkñúgsmIkar 2.3 eyIgTTYl)an
∑ λi Qi ≤ φRn
954.5 ≤ 0.85Rn
Rn ≥ 1123kN
cemøIy³ nominal strength EdlRtUvkarKW 1123kN .
eKalKMnitkñúgkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdk 21 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
ekIteLIgnwgesμIRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkamEdlenAxageqVgrbs;témøenaH. RbU)ab‘ÍlIeténRBwtþkarN_Edl
mantémøsßitenAcenøaH a nig b enAkñúgrUbTI 2>1 esμInwgRkLaépÞrbs;düaRkamenAcenøaH a nig b .
1 n
x= ∑ xi
n i =1
v=
1 n
(
∑ xi − x
n i =1
)2
s=
1 n
(
∑ xi − x
n i =1
)2
eKalKMnitkñúgkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdk 23 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
edaydak;elakarItenEBeTAelIGgÁsgxagénvismIkarxagelIeyIgTTYl)an
⎡ ⎛R⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛R⎞ ⎤
PF = P ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ < ln1⎥ = P ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ < 0⎥
⎣ ⎝Q⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝Q⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎛ R ⎞⎤
Edl ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎥ = témømFüm (mean value) én ⎛⎜⎜ QR ⎞⎟⎟
⎣ ⎝ Q ⎠⎦ m ⎝ ⎠
eyIgGacsresrRbU)ab‘ÍlIetén failure Ca
⎡ ⎛R⎞ ⎤ ⎛ ⎧⎪ ⎡ ⎛ R ⎞⎤ ⎫⎪ ⎞
PF = P ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ < 0⎥ = P⎜ ⎨Uσ ln ( R / Q ) + ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎥ ⎬ < 0 ⎟
⎣ ⎝Q⎠ ⎦ ⎜⎪ ⎣ ⎝ Q ⎠⎦ m ⎪⎭ ⎟
⎝⎩ ⎠
⎧ ⎡ ⎛ R ⎞⎤ ⎫ ⎧ ⎡ ⎛ R ⎞⎤ ⎫
⎪ ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎥ ⎪
⎪ ⎣ ⎝ Q ⎠⎦ m ⎪ ⎪ ⎣ ⎝ Q ⎠⎦ m ⎪
= P ⎨U < − ⎬ = Fu ⎨− ⎬
⎪ σ ln (R / Q ) ⎪ ⎪ σ ln( R / Q ) ⎪
⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎩ ⎭ ⎩ ⎭
⎡ ⎛ R ⎞⎤
enaH ⎢ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎥ = βσ ln ( R / Q )
⎣ ⎝ Q ⎠⎦ m
eKalKMnitkñúgkarsikSaKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdk 25 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Rm − 0.55βV R
φ= e (2.5)
Rn
Edl énersIusþg; R
Rm = mean value
VR = emKuNbERmbRmYlrbs; R
Specification.
Part4. Beam and Girder Design: EpñkenHk¾dUcEpñkTI 3EdrKWvaman design aid CaeRcInrYm
KNitviTüa nigemKuNsRmab;bMElgxñat.
PaKTIBIr ¬EdlpSMeday 5Epñk¦ mantaragsRmab;CYykñúgkarKNnakartP¢ab;edaykarpSar
nigedayb‘ULúgCamYynwgtaragEdlpþl;eGayy:aglMGitelI standard connection.
AISC Specification RKan;EtCaEpñkd¾tUcmYyrbs; Manual. Bakü nigtémøefrCaeRcInEdleRbI
cMeNaT
cMNaM³ bnÞúksmμtikmμTaMgGs;CabnÞúkeFVIkar (service load).
nigbnÞúkTwkePøógEdl)anBIkm<s;Twk 10cm .
x> kRmal³ bnÞúkefr 3.0kN / m nigbnÞúkGefr 3.8kN / m
2 2
cMeNaT 29 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
III. eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj
Tension Members
3>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj CaeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;EdlrgkmøaMgTajtamG½kS. vaRtUv)aneKeRbIsRmab;
eRKOgbgÁúMeRcInRbePT rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgeRKOgbgÁúM truss ExSkabsRmab; suspension bridge nig cable-
stayed bridge, RbB½n§BRgwgGKar nigs<an ExSkabsRmab;RbB½n§dMbUlBüÜrpgEdr. sRmab;Ggát;rg
Figure 3.1
kugRtaMgenAkñúgGgát;rgkarTajtamG½kSKW
P
f =
A
RbsinebIRkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;rgkarTajERbRbYltamRbEvg enaHkugRtaMgnwgERbRbYltam
muxkat;Edr. CaFmμta eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTajEdlP¢ab;edayb‘ULúg EtgEtmanRbehag. vtþmanrbs;Rb
T.Chhay 30 Tension Members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
Pn < Fy Ag
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 31 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Pn < Fu Ae
b¤ Pu ≤ φt Pn
Edl P CabnSMbnÞúkemKuNEdlmantémøFMCageK.
u
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 33 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Figure 3.3
dMeNaHRsay³
EdkEdlmanm:ak A36 man F = 250MPa nig F
y u = 400MPa
ersIusþg; nominal
Pn = Fy Ag = 250 × 1562.5 = 390kN
area .
dMeNaHRsay³
bnSMbnÞúk (load combination)
(A4-1): 1.4 DL = 1.4 × 155 = 217 kN
(A4-2): 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL = 1.2 × 155 + 1.6 × 67 = 293.2kN > 217 kN
⇒ Pu = 293.2kN
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 35 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
eday P < φ P
u t n (293.2kN < 347.57kN ) dUcenH r)armansuvtßiPaBedaybMeBjlkçxNÐ.
Ae = UAn
Figure 3.5
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.7
U = 0 .9
@> sRmab;RKb;TRmg;muxkat;epSgeTot ¬rYmTaMgmuxkat; built-up¦ CamYynwg fastener y:agtic
bIkúñgmYyCYr
T.Chhay 38 Tension Members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
U = 0.85
#> sRmab;RKb;Ggát;TaMgGs; CamYynwg fastener y:agticBIrkúñgmYyCYr
U = 0.75
rUbxageRkamnwgbgðajnUv beRmIbRmas;c,ab;TaMgenH ¬rUbTI3>8¦.
eKk¾GaceRbIR)as;témø U mFümsRmab;tMNpSarEdr. ebIeTaHCamin)anbriyaykñúg Com-
mentary k¾eday EtvaCaectnarbs; ¬AISC, 1989b¦. c,ab;enHdUcKña EtelIkElgsRmab;karpþl;[
krNIBiesssRmab;kartedaykarpSar
AemantémøtUcCag A enAeBlEdlmuxkat;rbs;Ggát;xøHb:eu NÑaHminRtUv)antP¢ab;. sRmab;
n
Edl U =1 sRmab; l ≥ 2w
U = 0.87 sRmab; 1.5w ≤ l < 2w
U = 0.75 sRmab; w ≤ l < 1.5w
l= RbEvgkarpSar > w
w = cmøaycenøaHkarpSar ¬EdlGacykTTwgrbs; plate b¤ bar¦
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 39 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.9
Figure 3.10
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 41 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Figure 3.11
42.5
U = 1− = 0.717 < 0.9
150
Ae = UAn = 0.717 × 3.212 ⋅ 10 −3 = 2.3 ⋅ 10 −3 m 2
eKGaceRbItémømFüm U BI Commentary . edaysarEtmuxkat;minEmn W, M, S b¤ GkSr T
ehIymanb‘ULúgeRcInCagBIrkñúgmYyCYrtamTisbnÞúkeFVIGMeBI U = 0.85
Ae = 0.85 × 3.212 ⋅ 10 −3 = 2.73 ⋅ 10 −3 m 2
témø U TaMgBIrGacTTYlyk)anTaMgBIr Ettémø U Edl)anBIkarKNnatam AISC Equation
B3-2 mantémøsuRkitCag. EteTaHCay:agNak¾eday k¾témømFüm U manRbeyaCn_sRmab;karKNna
Figure 3.12
Figure 3.13
s2
wn = w g − ∑ d + ∑
4g
enAeBlEdlkardac;GacekIteLIgtamTRmg;eRcIn eKRtUveFVIkarGegátRKb;lT§PaBénkardac;TaMg
Gs; ehIy (net width) EdlmantémøtUcCageKbMputRtUv)anykmkeRbI. cMNaMfa viFIsaRsþenHmin)an
pþl;nUvTRmg;nwgkardac;CamYyExSRsbeTAnwgTisedAbnÞúkeFVIGMeBIenaHeT.
Figure 3.14
Figure 3.15
Figure 3.16
sRmab;ExSbnÞat; abcdeg
g cd = 76 + 57 − 12.7 = 120.3mm
(38) 2 (38) 2 (38) 2
wn = 342.3 − (4 × 28) + + + = 243.74mm
4 × 63.5 4 × 120 4 × 76
eday net width Edldac;tamExS abcdeg mantémøtUcCageK dUcenHkrNIenHRtUv)aneKykmk
KNna net area
An = 12.7 × 243.74 = 3095.5mm 2
edaysarEteCIgTaMgBIrrbs;EdkEkgRtUv)anP¢ab; dUcenH
Ae = An = 3095.5mm 2
ersIusþg;KNnaKW
φt Pn = 0.75Fu Ae = 0.75 × 400 × 3095.5 = 928.65kN
φt Pn = 0.5Fy An = 0.9 × 250 × 4390 = 987.75kN
cemøIy³ ersIusþg;KNnaKW 928.65kN
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 47 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
dMeNaHRsay³ A n = Ag − ∑ t w × (d b¤ d')
d = 20mm
ExSbnÞat; abc
An = Ag − t w d = 2460 − 11.1 × 20 = 2238mm 2
ExSbnÞat; abcd
An = Ag − t w (d sRmab;RbehagRtg; b) − t w (d ' sRmab;RbehagRtg; c)
⎡ 50 2 ⎤
= 2460 − 11.1 × 22 − 11.1 × ⎢22 − ⎥ = 2064.1mm
2
⎣⎢ 4 × 75 ⎦⎥
cemøIy³ RkLaépÞmuxkat;Gb,brma (smallest net area) KW 2064.1mm 2
Figure 3.18
Figure 3.19
Ggát;p©itRbehagRbsiT§PaB = 24mm
sRmab;ExS ad
An = 9470 − 4 × 24 × 15.8 = 7953.2mm 2
2
sRmab;ExS abcd RbEvg g sRmab;eRbIenAkñúgtY 4s g KW
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 49 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
g t 89 14
+ g1 − w = + 70 − = 107.5mm
2 2 2 2
edayKitRbehagRtg; b nigRtg; c CaRbehagEdlerobqøas; eKTTYl)an
⎛ 382 ⎞⎟
An = 9470 − 4 × 15.8 × 24 − 2 × 14 × ⎜ 24 − = 7375.23mm 2
⎜ ⎟
4 × 107.5 ⎠
⎝
kardac;tamExS abcd mantémøtUcCageK. edaysarRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;rbs;muxkat;RtUv)anP¢ab; dUcenH
Ae = An = 7375.23mm 2
sRmab; net section
φt Pn = 0.75Fu Ae = 0.75 × 400 × 7375.23 = 2212.57kN
φt Pn = 0.5Fy An = 0.9 × 250 × 9470 = 2130.75kN
cemøIy³ ersIusþg;KNnaKW 2130.75kN
Figure 3.20
eKGacmanTRmg;énkardac;Ca2rebob.
sRmab;kmøaMgkat; yield nigkmøaMgTaj fracture ersIusþg;KNnaKW
φRn = φ[0.6 Fy Agv + Fu Ant ] (AISC Equation J4-3a)
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 51 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Figure 3.21
sRmab;Ggát;rgkarTaj smIkarenHmanrag
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 53 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Pu ≤ φt Pn b¤ φt Pn ≥ Pu
edIm,IeCosvag fracture
0.75Fu Ae ≥ Pu b¤ Ae ≥
Pu
0.75Fu
.8 ⋅ 10 3
muxkat;caM)ac; A = 0.75P F = 468
e
u
0.75 × 400
= 1562.7mm 2
u
enHKW
Ag = An + Ahole
= 1562.7 + 28 × t
sakl,g t = 25mm
Ag = 1562.7 + 28 × 25 = 2262.7mm 2
Ag 2262.7
wg = = = 90.5mm
t 25
sakl,gmuxkat; 25 × 92
epÞógpÞat; slenderness ratio
92 × 253
I min = = 119791.7mm 4
12
A = 25 × 92 = 2300
BI I = Ar eyIgTTYl)an
2
I min 119791.7
rmin = = = 7.22mm
A 2300
L 1750
= = 242.4 < 300 (OK)
r 7.22
cemøIy³ eRbIEdkEdlmanmuxkat; 25 × 92 .
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 55 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Figure 3.22
KMlatRbehagtamTTWgsRmab;EdkEkg (mm)
Leg 203 178 152 127 102 89 76 64 51 44 38 35 32 25
g1 114 102 89 76 64 51 44 35 26 25 22 22 19 16
g2 76 64 57 51
g3 76 76 64 44
(b)
Figure 3.23
dMeNaHRsay³
bnÞúkemKuN (factored load) P
u = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(155) + 1.6(310) = 682kN
nigmuxkat;caM)ac; Ag =
Pu
=
682
φt Fy 0.9(250)
= 3031.1mm 2
= 0.75 Ab Fu
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 59 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Figure 3.24
RbsinebIeKeRbI A36?
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúkemKuN (factored load)
Pu = 1.2(9) + 1.6(26.5) = 53.2kN
edaysar φ P ≥ P
t n u
φt (0.75Fu )Ag ≥ Pu
muxkat;caM)ac; A g =
Pu
=
53.2
φt (0.75)Fu 0.75(0.75)400
= 236.44mm 2
BI A = πd4
2
g
Ggát;p©itcaM)ac; d = 4 × 236
π
.44
= 17.35mm
kareRCIserIsExSkabEdlRtwmRtUvsRmab;bnÞúkEdl[CaTUeTAQrenAelIkarBicarNaGMBI ersIu
sþg; (strength) nigkMhUcRTg;RTay (deformation). bEnßmBIelIsac;lUteGLasÞicFmμta karlUtdMbUg
EdlbNþalmkBI seating b¤ shifting énsréslYsmYy² EdlCalT§plvaeFVI[ExSkabmankarlUt
Gcié®nþy_. sRmab;mUlehtuenH CaTUeTAExSkabRtUv)aneKTajBnøÚtmun (prestretched). Wire rope
nig strand RtUv)aneKpliteLIgBIEdkEdlmanesIusþg;x<s;CagEdksMNg;Fmμta ehIyminmanEcgenAkñúg
AISC Specification eT. ersIusþg;dac;rbs;ExSkabnImYy² k¾dUcCakarlMGitBIkarttMNr GacTTYl)an
CMBUkTI6.
Sag rod CaGgát;rgkarTajEdlRtUv)aneRbIedIm,Ipþl;TRmxagsRmab;édrENg. bnÞúkPaKeRcIn
EdlGnuvtþmkelIédrENgmanTisQr dUcenHvanwgmanbgÁúMkmøaMgRsbeTAnwgmMuCMraldMbUlEdlnwgeFVI
[édrENgekagenAkñúgTisedAenaH ¬rUbTI 3>27¦. Sag rod GacRtUv)andak;enAcMNuckNþal b¤
cMNucmYyPaKbI b¤GacjwkenAtambeNþayédrENg GaRs½yeTAnwgcMnYnTRmEdlRtUvkar. KMlatrbs;
sag rod CaGnuKmn_eTAnwgKMlat trusses, mMuCMralrbs;Ggát;xagelI/ ersuIsþg;rbs;édrENgTb;nwg
karBt;RbePTenH ¬rUbragPaKeRcInrbs;EdkEdleRbICaédrENgmanlkçN³exSayNas;sRmab;karBt;
tamTisenH¦ nigcMnYnTRmEdlpþl;edaydMbUl. RbsinebIeKeRbI bnÞHEdk CaTUeTAvaRtUv)aneKP¢ab;y:ag
rwgCamYyédrENg dUcenHeKmincaM)ac;RtUvkar sag rod eT. EteBlxøH EtTm¶n;pÞal;rbs;édrENgKWva
RKb;RKan;kñúgkarbgábBaðaenH dUcenHeKcaM)ac;dak; sag rod edIm,IRT kñúgGMLúgeBlsagsg;muneBldak;
T.Chhay 62 Tension Members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
kRmaldMbUl.
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 63 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
edayeRbIEdk A36 KNna sag rod nig tie rod enAédrENgkMBUlsRmab;bnÞúk service load dUcxag
T.Chhay 64 Tension Members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
eRkam³
kRmaldMbUlEdk (metal deck)³ 0.1kN / m 2
dMeNaHRsay³
KNnabnÞúk³
TTwgrgbnÞúksRmab; sag rod nImYy² = 6m / 2 = 3m
RkLaépÞrgbnÞúksRmab;kRmaldMbUl nig Built-up roof = 3 ×14 = 42m 2
bnÞúkRBwlsrub = 34.68kN
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 65 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
RtYtBinitübnSMbnÞúk³
(A4-2)³ 1.2 D + 0.5S = 1.2 × 19.56 + 0.5 × 34.68 = 40.8kN
)anBicarNaenAkñúg]TahrN_enHeT¦.
édrENg (purlin)³ M 200 × 0.097
RBwl³ 0.95kN / m elIbøg;edk
2
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 67 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
dMbUl³ 0.2kN / m
2
kRmalGIusULg;³ 0.15kN / m2
dMeNaHRsay³
KNnabnÞúk³
RBwl = 0.95 × 6 × 12 = 68.4kN
Ggát;xageRkamRtUv)anKNnaedaykMNt;kmøaMgkñúgGgát;nImYy²rbs;Ggát;xageRkam nigeFVIkar
eRCIserIsmuxkat;smrmüedIm,ITb;nwgkmøaMgEdlFMCageK. enAkñúg]TahrN_enH kmøaMgenAkñúgGgát; IJ
mantémøFMCageK. GgÁesrI (free body) enAxageqVgmuxkat; a-a RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI 3>32 c.
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 69 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Edl t= kRmas;rbs;EpñkEdltP¢ab;
beff = 2t + 16 ≤ b ¬KitCa mm ¦
b = cmøayBIépÞxagrbs;rn§knøas;eTAépÞxagrbs;Ggát; EdlEkgeTAnwgTisrbs;kmøaMg
Asf = 2t (a + d / 2)
a= cm¶ayBIépÞxagrbs;rn§knøas;eTAépÞxagrbs;Ggát; EdlRsbeTAnwgTisrbs;kmøaMg
d = Ggát;p©itknøas;
A pb = projected bearing area = dt
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarTaj 71 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
IV. eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát;
Compression Members
4>1> esckþIepþIm (introduction)
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; CaeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;EdlrgEtkmøaMgsgát;tamG½kS. bnÞúkEdlGnuvtþtam
G½kSbeNþaykat;tamTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;muxkat;Ggát; ehIykugRtaMg (stress) GacesμInwg f a = P A Edl
f a RtUv)anKitfamantMélesμIKñaelImuxkat;TaMgmUl. b:uEnþCak;EsþgeKminEdlTTYl)ansßanPaBl¥Ebb
xageRkam³
π 2 EI
Pcr = 2
L
¬$>!¦
Edl E Cam:UDuleGLasÞic (modulus of elasticity), I Cam:Um:g;niclPaBénRkLaépÞmuxkat; (moment
of inertia of the cross-sectional are) EdleFobnwgG½kSemEdltUc (minor principal axis), L CaRb
eBlEdlbnÞúkxagbeNþaHGasnñRtUv)aneKdakecj.
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 75 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
y = A cos(cx) + B sin(cx)
Edl c = PEIcr
ehIy A nig B Catémøefr. témøefrTaMgenH RtUv)ankMNt;edayGnuvtþnUvlkçxNÐRBMEdndUcxageRkam³
Rtg; x = 0 / y = 0 ³ 0 = A cos(0) + B sin(0) enaH A = 0
Rtg; x = L / y = 0 ³ 0 = B sin(cL)
lkçxNÐcugeRkayenHtRmUv[ sin(cL) = 0 RbsinebI B ≠ 0 ¬cemøIyminsMxan; EdlRtUvKñanwg P = 0 ¦.
sRmab; sin(cL) = 0 /
cL = 0, π , 2π , 3π , ... = nπ , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
BI c = Pcr
EI
eyIgTTYl)an cL = ⎛⎜⎜ ⎞
ehIy Pcr = n πL2 EI
2 2
Pcr Pcr 2
⎟ L = nπ , L = n 2π 2
⎟
⎝ EI ⎠ EI
dUcenHdMeNaHRsayrbs;smIkarDIepr:g;EsülKW
T.Chhay 76 Compression members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
⎛ nπx ⎞
y = B sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ L ⎠
ehIyemKuN B CatémøminkMNt;. lT§plenHRtUv)aneRbICacemøIy linear kñúgsmIkarDIepr:g;EsültM
Nag)atuPUt nonlinear.
sRmab;krNIFmμtarbs;Ggát;rgkarsgát;EdkKμanTRmenAcenøaHcugsgçagrbs;va n = 1 enaH
smIkar Euler RtUv)ansresrCa
π 2 EI
Pcr = 2
L
¬$>#¦
vamanlkçN³gayRsYlCagkñúgkarsresrsmIkar $># kñúgTRmg;dUcxageRkam
π 2 EI π 2 EAr 2 π 2 EA
Pcr = = =
L2 L2 (L / r )2
Edl A CaRkLaépÞmuxkat; nig r CakaMniclPaB (radius of gyration) EdleFobnwgG½kSEdlekag.
pleFob L / r Ca slenderness ratio. Ggát;EdlmanlkçN³kan;EtRsav témø slenderness ration
kan;EtFM.
RbsinebI critical load RtUv)anEckedayRkLaépÞmuxkat; enaHeKnwgTTYl)an critical
buckling stress dUcxageRkam³
π 2E
P
Fcr = cr = ¬$>$¦
A 2
(L / r )
sRmab;kugRtaMgrgkarsgát; karekagnwgekIteLIgtamG½kSEdlRtUvKñanwg r . karekagnwgekIteLIg
Pøam² enAeBlEdlbnÞúkEdlGnuvtþmkelIGgát;esμInwgbnÞúkEdl[kñúgsmIkar $># ehIyssrnwgKμanesßr
PaBeFobG½kSem (principal axis) EdleFVI[ slenderness ratio mantémøFMCageK. CaTUeTAvaCa
G½kSEdlmanm:Um:g;niclPaBtUcCageK ¬eyIgnwgBinitükrNIenHenAeBleRkay¦. dUcenHm:Um:g;niclPaB
Gb,brma nigkaMniclPaBGb,brmaRtUv)aneRbIenAkñúgsmIkar $># nig $>$.
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 77 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
témøGtibrmarbs; Lr = 6000
49.8
= 120.5
sßitenAkñúgtMbn;enH vaRtUv)anbgðajdUcxageRkam³
π 2 Et I
Pcr =
L2
¬$>%¦
smIkar $>% dUcKñanwgsmIkar Euler RKan;EtCMnYs E eday Et .
ExSekag stress-strain EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4>5 manlkçN³xusKñaBIrUbEdl)anbgðajBImun
sRmab; ductile steel ¬enAkñúgrUbTI 1>3 nig1>4¦ edaysarEtvamantMbn; nonlinear . ExSekag
enHCaRbePTénkarBiesaFkarsgát;rbs;Edk W-shape RbEvgxøI EdleKehAfa stub column.
Nonlinearity CalT§pldMbUgénvtþmanrbs; residual stress enAkñúg W-shape. enAeBlEdlEdk hot-
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 79 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
RbEhlb:ueNÑaH. Cak;EsþgssrTaMgGs;RtUvEtxUcRTg;RTaytamG½kSedayesrI.
lkçxNÐcugepSgeTotGacRtUv)anBnül;enAkñúgsmIkarTI $>#. CaTUeTA m:Um:g;Bt;GacCaGnuKmn_
én x EdlCalT§plenAkñúg nonhomogeneous differential equation. vamanlkçxNÐRBMEdnxusBI
smIkaredIm EtviFIsaRsþKNnadUcKñaTaMgRsug. smIkarEdlCacemøIysRmab; Pcr manTRmg;dUcKña.
]TahrN_ edayBicarNaGgát;rgkarsgát;EdlmanTRmmYyCa pinned nigmYyeTotCa fixed Tb;nwg
karvil nigkarrMkil dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4>7 . smIkar Euler sRmab;krNIenH EdlRtUv)anbkRsay
tamrebobdUcsmIkar $># eKTTYl)an
2.05π 2 EI
Pcr =
L2
2.05π 2 EA π 2 EA
b¤ Pcr =
(L / r)2
=
(0.70 L / r ) 2
dUcenHGgát;rgkarsgát;enHmanlT§PaBRTbnÞúkesμInwgGgát;EdlmanTRm pinned sgçagEdr Et
RbEvgrbs;vaRtUv)anKitRtwm 70% bueNÑaH. eKnwgTTYl)ansmIkarkñúgTRmg;RsedogKñaenHsRmab;
ssrEdlmanlkçxNÐTRmepSg².
Column-buckling problem GacRtUv)anbegáItCarUbmnþkñúgTRmgCa forth-order differential
G½kSGredaenenArkSadEdl.
4>3> tRmUvkarrbs; AISC (AISC Requirements)
Pu ≤ φc Pn
Edl Pu = plbUkbnÞúkemKuN
Pn = nominal compressive strength = Ag Fcr
Fcr = critical buckling stress
emKuNersIusþg;sRmab;Ggát;rgkarsgát; = 0.85
φc =
CMnYs[kareRbIsmIkar critical buckling stress Fcr CaGnuKmn_én slenderness ration KL / r
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 83 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
KL Fy 95.24 250
λc = = = 1.072
rπ E π 200000
sRmab; λ c < 1.5
kNþal.
edayeRbI AISC notation eyIg)an³
b bf / 2 bf
λ= = =
t tf 2t f
h
λ=
tw
Edl h Cacm¶aycenøaH root rbs;søab ehIy tw CaTTwgsøab. lImItx<s;bMputKW
665
λr =
fy
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 87 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
enAkñúg part 3 rbs; Manual, “Column Design,” manRbeyaCn_CageK. tarag 3-36 [nUvtémø
φc Fcr CaGnuKmn_én KL / r sRmab; Fy = 36ksi = 250 MPa . tarag 3-50 sRmab; F = 50ksi y
= 350 MPa nig tarag 4 [ φc Fcr / Fy CaGnuKmn_én λc . ¬RKb; Manual table TaMgGs;sRmab;
(effective length) CaeRcIn. tarag 3-36 nig 3-50 bBa©b;edaylImItx<s;bMput KL / r = 200 ehIy
nImYy²RtUv)anbgðajenA kñúg]TahrN_xageRkam.
dMeNaHRsay³
Slenderness ratio:
1.0(20 × 12 )
témøGtibrma KLr = KL
r
=
2.48
= 96.77 < 200 (OK)
y
KL Fy 96.77 36
λc = = = 1.085
rπ E π 29000
¬!¦ sRmab; Fy = 36ksi / eyIgeRbI Table 3-36 .
témørbs; φc Fcr RtUv)an[sRmab;témø KL / r Kt;/ sRmab;témø KL / r TsSPaK eyIgGaceFVIkarrMkil
ex,óseLIg (rounded up) b¤eFVI linear interpolation. enAkñúgesovePAenHeyIgnwgeRbI linear
interpolation sRmab;RKb;taragTaMgGs;elIkElgEtmankarbgðajR)ab;. sRmab; KL / r = 96.77
φc Fcr = 18.69ksi
φc Pn = φc Ag Fcr = Ag (φc Fcr ) = 21.8(18.69 ) = 407 kips
témøEdl)anBI Table 3-36, 3-50 nig 4 KWQrelI flexural buckling nig AISC Equation E2-
2 nig E2-3. dUcenH local stability RtUv)ansnμt; ehIy width-thickness ratio nwgminFMCagtémø
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 89 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
RsayenAkñúgEpñk 4>6.
]TahrN_ 4>5³ Ggát;rgkarsgát;RTnUv service dead load 165kips = 734kN nig service live load
535kips = 2380kN . Ggát;enHmanRbEvg 26 ft = 7925mm ehIymanTRm pinned sgçag. eRbIEdk
A36 nigerIsrUbrag W 14 .
W8 ³ W 8 × 58 / φc Pn = 194kips
W 10 ³ W 10 × 49 / φc Pn = 239kips
W 12 ³ W 12 × 53 / φc Pn = 247 kips
W 14 ³ W 14 × 61 / φc Pn = 276kips
cemøIy³ eRbI W 10 × 49 .
sRmab;rUbragEdlKμanenAkñúg column load table, eKRtUveRbI trial-and-error approach.
dMeNIrkarTUeTAKWsnμt;rUbrag bnÞab;mkKNna design strength rbs;va. RbsinebIersIusþg;tUceBk
¬KμansuvtßiPaB¦ b¤FMeBk ¬KμanlkçN³esd©kic©¦ eKRtUveFVIkarsakl,gepSgeTot. viFIsaRsþkñúgkareFVI
trial selection mandUcxageRkam³
!> snμt;témøsRmab; critical buckling stress Fcr . karBinitü AISC equation E2-2 nig E2-
3 bgðajfatémø Fcr GtibrmatamRTwsþICa yield stress Fy .
@> BItRmUvkarKW φc Pn ≥ Pu / yk
φc Ag Fcr ≥ Pu enaH Ag ≥ φ PFu
c cr
#> eRCIserIsrUbragEdlRtUvKñanwgRkLaépÞcaM)ac;.
$> KNna Fcr nig φc Pn sRmab;rUbragsakl,g.
%> eFVIkarEktRmUveLIgvijRbsinebIcaM)ac;. RbsinebI design strength mantémøEk,rtémøRtUvkar
TMhMEdlmanenAkñúgtaragbnÞab;GacRtUv)ansakl,g. RbsinebImindUecñaHeT eFVIkarKNna
eLIgvijTaMgRsug. eRbItémø Fcr EdlrkeXIjsRmab;témøsakl,gCatémøsRmab;CMhan
TI !>.
^> RtYtBinitü local stability ¬RtYtBinitü width-thickness ration). EktRmUveLIgvijRbsin
ebIcaM)ac;.
]TahrN_ 4>7³ eRCIserIsrUbrag W 460 rbs;Edk A36 EdlGacRTbnÞúkemKuN (factored load)
⎝ ⎠
φc Pn = 0.85 Ag Fcr = 0.85 × 36.39 ⋅10 −3 ×128.9 ⋅103 = 3987 kN < 4688kN (N.G)
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 91 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
⎝ ⎠
φc Pn = 0.85 Ag Fcr = 0.85 × 44.39 ⋅10 −3 ×132.45 ⋅103 = 4997.5kN > 4688kN (O.K)
RbsinebIGgát;rgkarsgát;manTRmepSgKñaenAelIG½kSemrbs;va enaHvanwgmanRbEvgRbsiT§PaB
epSgKñaenAelIG½kSTaMgBIr. enAkñúgrUbTI 4>10 W -shape RtUv)aneRbICassr ehIyenAEpñkxagelIva
RtUv)anBRgwgedayGgát;edkenAelITisTaMgBIrEdlEkgKña. Ggát;TaMgenHkarBarkarrMkilrbs;ssrRKb;
TisedA EtkarlMGitrbs;ssrminRtUv)anbgðajEdlGnuBaØat[karviltictYcekItman. eRkamlkç-
xNÐenH Ggát;GacnwgRtUv)anKitCaTRm pinned enAEpñkxagelI. sRmab;mUlehtudUcKña tMNedIm,I
RTTRmenAxageRkamk¾GacKitCatMN pinned Edr. CaTUeTA eKBi)aknwgTTYl lkçxNÐ rigid b¤ fixed
Nas; luHRtaEteKdak;lkçxNÐBiess. tMNFmμta CaTUeTAxiteTArktMN hinge b¤ pinned . enARtg;
Bak;kNþalkm<s;ssrRtUv)anBRgwgEttamTismYy. tMNkarBarEtkarrMkil EtvaminTb;karvileT. kar
BRgwgenHkarBarkarrMkiltamG½kSexSayrbs;muxkat; b:uEnþmin)anTb;karrMkilTisxøaMgeT. dUc)anbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 4>10 RbsinebIGgát;ekagtamG½kSxøaMg RbEvgRbsiT§PaBrbs;vaKW 7.9m b:uEnþkarekagtam
TisexSayGacekagkñúgrUbrag second buckling mode RtUvKñanwgRbEvgRbsiT§PaB 3.95m . eday
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 93 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
dMeNaHRsay³
K x L 7200
= = 53.7
rx 134.1
K y L 2400
= = 31.3
ry 76.7
- KNna Fcr
- KNna design strength φc Pn = 0.85 Ag Fcr
dUcenHersIusþg;Edl)anerobCataragKWQrelItémørbs; KL EdlesμInwg K yL . RbsinebIlT§PaBRT
RTg;eFobnwgTisedA x eKGaceRbItaragedayCMnYs
KxL
KL =
rx / ry
enaHbnÞúkEdlenAkñúgtaragnwgQrelI
KL K x L /( rx / ry ) K x L
= =
ry ry rx
RtYtBinitüG½kSxøaMg
KxL 18
= = 10.40 ft > 9 ft
rx / ry 1.73
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 95 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
KxLmanlkçN³lubsRmab;rUbragenH
emIltaragCamYy KL = 10.4 feet . W 10 × 77 enAEtCarUbragRsalCageKsRmab; W 10 CamYynwg
design strength 612kips ¬eRkayeBleFVI interpolation¦.
bnþGegátelI W 12 × 72 ³
KxL 18
= = 10.3 ft > 9 ft
rx / ry 1.75
]TahrN_ 4>10³ ssrEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 4>13 RTnUv factored axial load 840 Kips . eRbIEdk
A36 ehIyeRCIserIs W-Shape.
dMeNaHRsay³ K x L = 20 ft nigtémøGtibrmarbs; K y L = 8 ft
RbEvgRbsiT§PaB K x L manlkçN³lubenAeBlEdl
KxL
> K yL
rx / ry
b¤k¾enAeBlEdl
⎛r ⎞
KxL
rx / ry
> K yL KxL > ⎜ x
⎜ ry
(
⎟ K yL
⎟
)
⎝ ⎠
kñúgkrNIenH
K x L 20
kyL
=
8
= 2.5 b¤ k x L = 2.5K y L
edaysar K x L mantémøFMCag K y L q¶ay enaH K x L RbEhlCanwglub. mUlehtuKWfatémø
rx / ry EdlmanenAkñúgtaragPaKeRcInmantémøtUcCag 2.5 dUcenH k x L = 2.5 K y L TMngCanwgFMCag
sRmab; KL = 12 ft
φc Pn = 853kips > 840 ft (OK)
GegátrUbrag W 14 . sRmab; rx / ry = 1.7 ¬pleFobRbEhlsRmab;RKb;krNIEdlGacekItman¦
K x L 20
= = 11.76 ft > K y L = 8 ft
rx / ry 1.7
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 97 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
G=
∑ Ec I c / Lc = ∑ I c / Lc ¬$>&¦
∑E I /L g g ∑I /L
g g g
eRKOgbgÁúMrgkarsgát; 99 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
dMeNaHRsay³ ssr AB ³
sRmab;tMN A
G=
∑ I c / Lc = 347 / 3.6 + 445 / 3.6 = 220 = 0.95
∑ I g / Lg 560 / 6 + 762 / 5.5 231.9
sRmab;tMN B
G=
∑ I c / Lc = 445 / 3.6 + 445 / 4.6 = 220.3 = 0.95
∑ I g / Lg 560 / 6 + 762 / 5.5 231.9
BI alignment chart sRmab; sidesway uninhibited CamYynwg G A = 0.95 nig GB = 0.95 / K = 1.3
T.Chhay 100 Compression members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
sRmab;ssr AB .
ssr BC
sRmab;tMN B KNnadUcmun
G = 0.95
sRmab;tMN C Rtg;TRm pinned . sßanPaBrbs;vamanlkçN³dUceTAnwgssrEdlmaMxøaMgP¢ab;eTAnwg
infinity flexible girder Edlrtman stiffness esμIsUnü. dUcenHpleFobPaBrwgRkajrbs;ssr
fixed eBjelj.
*
RbsinebIeRKagRtUv)anBRgwgTb;nwg sidesway tMN beam-to-column minRtUvkar moment resisting ehIyRbBn§½BRgwgGac
RtUv)anKNnaedIm,ITb;nUvRKb; sidesway tendency . b:uEnþRbsinebItMNminEmnCa moment resisting vanwgminmanPaBCab;
rvagssr nigrt ehIyeKminGaceRbI alignment chart . sRmab; braced frame RbePTenH K x KYrRtUvykesμInwg 1.0 .
T.Chhay 102 Compression members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
λ2c = 0.785
0.877 0.877
Fcr (elastic) = Fy = 250 = 279.3MPa
λ2c 0.785
dUcenHemKuNkat;bnßyPaBrwgRkajKW
Fcr (inelastic) 180
SRF = = = 0.644
Fcr (elastic) 279.3
dMeNaHRsay³ KNnaemKuNeGLasÞicrbs; G
sRmab;tMN A /
∑ (I c / Lc ) = 170 / 12
=
14.17
= 1.52
∑ (I g / Lg ) 88.6 / 20 + 88.6 / 18 9.35
sRmab;tMN B
∑ (I c / Lc ) = 2(170 / 12) = 28.3 = 1.35
∑ (I g / Lg ) 190 / 20 + 190 / 18 21.0
BI alignment chart sRmab; unbraced frames, K x = 1.43 / edayQrelI elastic behavior dUcenH
KxL Fy 1.43(12 )(12 ) 36
λc = = = 0.5512
rxπ E 4.19 ⋅ π 29000
edaysar λc tUcCag 1.5 enaHeKRtUveRbIemKuN K inelastic Edl[
Pu 180
= = 18.5ksi
A 9.71
BI Table 3-1in Part 3 of the Manual emKuNkat;bnßyPaBrwgRkaj SRF = 0.83
sRmab;tMN A
Ginelastic = SRF × Gelastic = 0.83 × 1.52 = 1.26
sRmab;tMN B
Ginelastic = SRF × Gelastic = 0.83 × 1.35 = 1.12
cemøIy³ BI alignment chart K x = 1.37 . edaysarlkçxNÐTRmFmμtasRmab;eRKag enaH K y esμInwg
1.
muxkat;RKb;rUbragGac)ak;tamTRmg;enH.
@> karekagedayrmYl (torsional buckling) kar)ak; (failure) edayRbePTenHKWbNþaledaykarmYl
(twisting) tamG½kSbeNþayrbs;Ggát;. vaGacekIteLIgEtCamYynwgGgát;EdlmanlkçN³Rsav
smrmü. Section E3 of the Specification erobrab;BIGgát; double angle nig tee-shaped ehIy
Appendix E3 pþl;nUvviFITUeTAEdlGaceRbIsRmab;RKb;rUbragminsIuemRTI.
π 2E
Fe =
(KL / r )2
Slenderness ratio GacsresrCa
KL π 2E
=
r Fe
⎛ KL ⎞ π 2E
⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ r ⎠e Fe
dMeNIrkarKNnamandUcxageRkam³
!> kNt; Fe sRmab; torsional elastic buckling b¤ flexural-torsional elastic buckling BIsmIkar
Edl[enAkñúg Appendix E3.
@> KNna effective slenderness parameter, λe .
#> KNna critical stress Fcr BIsmIkarFmμta (AISC Equations E2-2 and E2-3) b:uEnþeRbI λe CMnYs
[ λc . bnÞab;mk design strength KW
φc Pn = φc Ag Fcr
Fey + Fez ⎛ ⎞
⎜ 4 Fey Fez H ⎟
Fe = − −
( )
⎜⎜ 1 1 ⎟⎟ (AISC Equation A-E3-6)
2H Fey + Fez 2
⎝ ⎠
sRmab;rUbragEdlKμanG½kSsIuemRTI (flexural-torsional buckling)/
(Fe − Fex )(Fe − Fey )(Fe − Fez ) − Fe2 ( Fe − Fey )(xo / r o )2
(AISC Equation A-E3-7)
− Fe2 (Fe (
− Fex ) yo / r o )
2
=0
smIkarcugeRkayCasmIkardWeRkTI3 dUcenHrbs; Fe KWtUcNas;. CasMNagl¥ PaBcaM)ac;kñúgkaredaH
RsaysmIkarenHKWticbMput edaysareKkMreRbIrUbragminsIuemRTICaGgát;rgkarsgát;Nas;. GgÁEdl
min)ankMNt;BImunEdleRbIenAkñúgsmIkarTaMgbIenHRtUv)ankMNt;dUcteTA³
C w = warping constant
Kz = emKuNRbEvgRbsiT§PaBsRmab;karekagedayrmYl EdlQrelIbrimaNénkarTb;cug
RbqaMgnwgkarrmYltamG½kSbeNþay.
G = shear modulus
J = torsional constant ¬esμIeTAnwg polar moment of inertia sRmab;Etmuxkat;mUl¦
π 2E
Fex = (AISC Equation A-E3-10)
(K x L / rx )2
π 2E
Fey =
(K y L / ry )2
(AISC Equation A-E3-11)
lMGitenAkñúgCMBUk 5.
2 Ix + I y
r o = xo2 + yo2 + (AISC Equation A-E3-8)
A
eKGacrktémøefrEdleRbIenAkñúgsmIkarTaMgbIsRmab; Fe enAkñúgtarag torsion properties nig
flexural-torsional properties enAkñúg part 1 of the Manual . sRmab; W, M, S nig HP shapes,
]TahrN_ 4>13³ KNna design compressive strength rbs; WT13.5 × 80.5 . RbEvgRbsiT§PaB
tamG½kS x KW 25 feet 6inches RbEvgRbsiT§PaBtamG½kS y KW 20 feet ehIyRbEvgRbsiT§PaBtam
G½kS z KW 20 feet . eRbIEdk A36 .
dMeNaHRsay³ KNna design compressive strength sRmab;G½kS x ³
K x L 25.5(12)
= = 77.27
rx 3.96
KL Fy 77.27 36
λc = = = 0.8666 < 1.5
rπ E π 29000
eRbI AISC Equation E2-2
Fcr = (0.658)λc F y = (0.658)0.8666 (36) = 26.29ksi
2 2
⎝ ⎠
φc Pn = φc Ag Fcr = 0.85(23.7 )(25.91) = 522kips (controls)
kMNt;cMNaMxøHdUcCa³ BI Fe eTACa Fcrft / Fey eTACa Fcry nig Fez eTACa Fcrz . kugRtaMg Fcry
RtUv)anrkBI AISC E2 nigQrelI flexural buckling eFobG½kS y .
edIm,ITTYl)an Fcrz eyIgGacecalG½kSTImYyrbs; AISC Equation A-E3-12 enaH
T.Chhay 110 Compression members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
GJ
Fcrz =
2
Ar o
karlubecalenHGacGnuBaØat)an BIeRBaHsRmab; double-angle nig tee GgÁTImYymantémøtUc
Gacecal)anebIeFobnwgGgÁTIBIr.
Flexural buckling stress Fcry RtUv)anKNnaCamYynwgsmIkarFmμtarbs; AISC Chapter E
KL Fy 74.07 36
λc = = = 0.8307 < 1.5
rπ E π 29000
BI AISC Equation E2-2,
⎛ 2 ⎞ (0.8307 )2 (36) = 26.97ksi
Fcr = Fcry = ⎜ 0.658λc ⎟ F y = (0.658)
⎝ ⎠
BI AISC E3,
GJ 11200(7.31)
Fcrz = = = 107.5ksi
Ar o
2
23.7(5.67 )2
Fcry + Fcrz = 26.97 + 107.5 = 134.5ksi
rbs; double angle nig tee PaKeRcInGacrk)anenAkñúg column load table. taragTaMgenaH KWQrelI
viFIsaRsþEdlesñIeLIgeday AISC E3 ehIyk¾GaceRbIedIm,IepÞógpÞal;lT§plrbs;]TahrN_ 4>14.
taragpþl;nUvtémø design strength BI EdlmYyCa flexural buckling eFobG½kS x nigmYyeTotCa
flexural-torsional buckling eFobG½kS y .
rUbrag built-up.
Design strength rbs;Ggát;rgkarsgát; built-up CaGnuKmn_eTAnwg slenderness parameter
4>15. EpñkpÁúMrbs;muxkat;RtUv)ansnμt;fatP¢ab;)anl¥.
T.Chhay 112 Compression members
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
G½kSsIuemRTIbBaÄrCaG½kSemmYyEdleKminRtUvkarKNna. eKnwgrkG½kSemedkedayeRbI
principle of moment³ plbUkm:Um:g;RkLaépÞrbs;FatupSMnImYy²eFobnwgG½kSNamYy ¬enAkñúg]Ta-
I = m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobG½kSRsbeTAnwgG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞpSM
cm¶ayEkgrvagG½kSBIr
d=
karcUlrYmBIRkLaépÞpSMnImYy²RtUv)anKNna nigRtUv)anbUkedIm,ITTYl)anm:Um:g;niclaPaBrbs;
composite area. tarag 4>2 CataragEdlbEnßmBIelItarag 4>1 edayrYmbBa©ÚlkarKNnaenH.
sRmab;G½kSQr
y = (3 8)(4)3 + 15.3 = 17.30in 4
1
12
¬ controle¦
Iy 17.30
ry = = = 1.211in
A 11.8
tarag 4>2
Component A y Ay I d I + Ad 2
Plate 1.500 0.1875 0.2812 0.01758 7.889 93.37`
W 10.3 9.225 95.02 510 1.149 523.6
∑ 11.8 95.30 617.0= I x
KL Fy 15(12) 36
λc = = = 1.667 > 1.5
rπ E 1.211π 29000
⎡ 0.877 ⎤ ⎡ 0.877 ⎤
Fcr = ⎢ ⎥ Fy = ⎢ ⎥ (36) = 11.36ksi
⎢⎣ λ2c ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ (1.667 )2 ⎥⎦
φc Pn = φc Ag Fcr = 0.85(11.8)(11.36 ) = 114kips
dMeNaHRsay³
KNna flexural buckling strength sRmab;G½kS x
KL 16(12)
= = 120.8
rx 1.59
KL Fy 120.8 36
λc = = = 1.355 < 1.5
rπ E π 29000
eRbI AISC Equation E2-2
Fcr = (0.658)λc Fy = (0.658)(1.355) (36) = 16.69ksi
2 2
sRmab;G½kS y
KL 16(12
= = 153.6
ry 1.25
rib = ry = 0.829in
h = 2(0.75) + = 1.875in
3
8
h 1.875
α= = = 1.131
2rib 2(0.829)
BI AISC Equation E4-2, modified slenderness ration KW
2 2
⎛ KL ⎞ ⎛ KL ⎞ α2 ⎛ a ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = ⎜
⎝ r ⎠m
⎟ + 0.82
⎝ r ⎠o
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
(
1 + α 2 ⎝ rib ⎠ )
(153.6)2 + 0.82 (1.131) 2 ⎛⎜ 48 ⎞⎟
2 2
=
[1 + (1.313) ]⎝ 0.829 ⎠ = 158.5
GJ 11200(2 × 0.322)
Fcrz = = = 151.4ksi
2
Ar o 7 .5( 2 .52 )2
RbsiT§PaB 7 feet ¦.
karekageFobG½kS y eFVI[eRKOgP¢ab;rgkmøaMgkat; dUcenHcMnYneRKOgP¢ab;RKb;RKan; RtUv)andak;
edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgenH. taragbgðajfa vaRtUvkareRKOgP¢ab;cMnYn 3 .
cemøIy³ eRbI 2L3 12 × 3 × 14 CamYynwgeRKOgP¢ab;cMnYn 3 sRmab;RbEvg 14 feet .
V. Fñwm
Beams
5>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)
FñwmCaGgát;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlRTbnÞúkTTwg dUcenHehIy)aneFVI[vargnUvkarBt; (flexural or
bending). RbsinebImanvtþmanbnÞúktamG½kSkñúgbrimaNmYyFMKYrsm vanwgRtUv)aneKehAvafa beam-
RbsiT§PaBCaeK.
h 2555
tw
>
Fy
¬xñat IS¦ h
tw
≤
970
Fy
¬xñat US¦
enaHGgát;eRKOgbgÁúMRtUv)aneKcat;TukCa plate girder nwgRtUv)anerobrab;enAkñúg Chapter G of the
specification, “Plate Girders”. enAkñúgesovePAenHeyIgnwgniyayBI plate girder kñúgCMBUkTI 10.
TukCaFñwmedaykarkMNt;rbs; AISC.
sRmab; beams/ TMnak;TMngeKalrvag\T§iBlbnÞúk (load effects) nig strength KW
M u ≤ φb M n
Edl Mu = bnSMénm:Um:g;emKuNEdlFMCageK
φb = emKuNersIusþg;sRmab;Fñwm = 0.9
M n = nominal moment strength
Design strength, φb M n enAeBlxøHRtUv)aneKehAfa design moment.
fb =
My
Ix
¬%>!¦
Edl M CamU:m:g;Bt;enAelImuxkat;EdlBicarNa/ y Cacm¶ayEkgBIbøg;NWt ¬neutral plane) eTAcMNuc
Edlcg;dwg nig I x Cam:Um:g;niclPaBénmuxkat;EdleFobnwgG½kSNWt. sRmab; homogeneous
Fñwm 121 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
m:Um:g;minRtUvFMCag
M y = Fy S x
Ac = At
dUcenHG½kSNWt)aøsÞicEckmuxkat;CaBIcMENkesμIKña. sRmab;rUbragEdlsIemRTIeFobnwgG½kSénkarBt;
G½kSNWteGLasÞic nigG½kSNWt)aøsÞicKWdUcKña. m:Um:g;)aøsÞic M p Ca resisting couple EdlbegáIteLIg
edaykmøaMgBIresμIKña nigmanTisedApÞúyKña b¤
⎛ A⎞
M p = Fy ( Ac )a = Fy ( At )a = Fy ⎜ ⎟a = Fy Z
⎝2⎠
Edl A= RkLaépÞmuxkat;srub
a = cm¶ayrvagG½kSNWtrbs;RkLaépÞBak;kNþalTaMgBIr
⎛ A⎞
Z = ⎜ ⎟a = m:UDulmuxkat;)aøsÞic (plastic section modulus)
⎝2⎠
]TahrN_ 5>1³ CamYynwg built-up shape EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5>6 cUrkMNt; ¬k¦ elastic section
modulus S nig yielding moment M y nig ¬x¦ plastic section modulus Z nig plastic moment
dMeNaHRsay³
¬k¦ edaysarvamanlkçN³sIuemRTI enaH elastic neutral axis ¬G½kS x ¦ sßitenABak;kNþalmuxkat;
¬TItaMgrbs;TIRbCMuTm¶n;¦. m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;muxkat;GacRtUvkMNt;)anedayeRbIRTwsþIbTG½kS
Rsb (parallel axis theorem) ehIylT§plénkarKNnaRtUv)ansegçbenAkñúgtarag 5>1.
tarag 5>1
Fñwm 125 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Component I A d I + Ad 2
Flange 260417 5000 162.5 132291667
Flange 260417 5000 162.5 132291667
Web 28125000 - - 28125000
Sum 292.71×106
y=
∑ Ay = 953125 = 138.64mm
∑A 6875
tables ¬PaBxusKñabNþalmkBIkarKitcMnYnxÞg;eRkayex,ós¦
Mn = M p
pÞúymkvij M n < M p .
dUckrNIssrEdr PaBKμanlMnwgGacmann½yCalkçN³srub b¤Gacmann½yCalkçN³edaytMbn;.
karekagrbs;Ggát;RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5>9 a. enAeBlFñwmekag tMbn;rgkarsgát; ¬EpñkxagelI
G½kSNWt¦ manlkçN³ nigkareFVIkarRsedognwgssr ehIyvanwg buckle RbsinebIEpñkrbs;muxkat;man
lkçN³RsavRKb;RKan;. EtvamindUcssr edaysartMbn;rgkarsgát;rb;muxkat;RtUv)anTb;edayEpñkEdl
rgkarTaj ehIyPaBdabmkxageRkA (flexural buckling) RtUv)anbegáIteLIgeday twisting (torsion).
karbegáItnUvPaBKμanlMnwgenHRtUv)aneKehAfa lateral-torsional buckling (LTB). eKGacbgáar
Lateral-torsional buckling )aneday lateral bracing tMbn;rgkarsgát; CaBiesssøabEdlrgkar
Edl M p = F y Z ≤ 1 .5 M y
RtYtBinitüsRmab; M p ≤ 1.5M y ³
Zx 54
= = 1.15 < 1.5 (OK)
S x 47.2
φb M n = 0.90(162 ) = 146 ft − kips < 164 ft − kips (NG)
cemøIy³ Design moment tUcCagm:Um:g;emKuN dUcenH W 16 × 31 minRKb;RKan;.
eTaHbICakarRtYtBinitüsRmab; M p ≤ 1.5M y RtUv)aneFVIenAkñúg]TahrN_xagelI b:uEnþvamin
caM)ac;sRmab; I- nig H-shape ekageFobG½kSxøaMg ehIyvaminRtUv)aneFVIdEdl²enAkñúgesobePAenHeT.
smIkarenHmanragdUcxageRkam³
2
π ⎛ πE ⎞
Mn = EI y GJ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ I y C w ¬%>#¦
Lb ⎝ Lb ⎠
Edl Lb = unbraced length
Edl
π EGJA
X1 =
Sx 2
2
(AISC Equation F1-8 and F1-9)
4C w ⎛ S x ⎞
X2 = ⎜ ⎟
I y ⎝ GJ ⎠
Nominal bending strength rbs; compact beam RtUv)anbgðajedaysmIkar %># nig %>$ rgnUv
upper limit M p sRmab; inelastic beam RbsinebIm:Um;g;EdlGnuvtþBRgayesμIelI unbraced length
12.5M
Cb = = 1.0
2.5M + 3M + 4 M + 3M
sRmab; L p < Lb ≤ Lr /
⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
(
M n = Cb ⎢ M p − M p − M r )⎜⎜ LLb −− LL p ⎟⎟⎥ ≤ M p (AISC Equation F1-2)
⎢⎣ ⎝ r p ⎠⎥⎦
sRmab; L p > Lr /
M n = M cr ≤ M p (AISC Equation F1-12)
2
π ⎛ πE ⎞
Edl M cr = Cb EI y GJ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ I y C w (AISC Equation F1-13)
Lb ⎝ Lb ⎠
C S X 2 X 12 X 2
= b x 1 1+
Lb / ry 2 Lb / ry 2 ( )
témøefr X1 nig X 2 RtUv)ankMNt;BImun ehIyRtUv)anrayCataragenAkñúg dimensions and
properties tables in the Manual.
]TahrN_ 5>4³ kMNt; design strength φb M n sRmab; W14 × 68 rbs;Edk A242 Edl³
k> TRmxagCab;
x> unbraced length = 20 ft / Cb = 1.0
K> unbraced length = 20 ft / Cb = 1.75
dMeNaHRsay³
k> BI Part 1 of the Manual /W 14 × 68 KWsßitenAkñúg shape group 2 /dUcenHvaGacman yield stress
F y = 50ksi / kMNt;faetIrUbragenHCa compact, noncompact b¤ slender.
bf 65
= 7.0 <
2t f 50
mantaragmanRbeyaCn_
Part 4 of the Manual of Steel Construction, “Beam and Girder Design,”
Plastic Analysis
enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn m:Um:g;emKuNGtibrma M u nwgRtUv)anTTYlBI elastic structural analysis
edayeRbIbnÞúkemKuN. eRkamlkçxNÐc,as;las; ersIusþg;EdlcaM)ac; (required strength) sRmab;rcna
sm½<n§EdlminGackMNt;edaysþaTic (statically inderteminate structure) RtUv)anrkedayeRbI plastic
analysis. AISC GnuBaØat[eRbI plastic analysis RbsinebIrUbrag compact nigRbsinebI
Lb ≤ L pd
24800 + 15200(M 1 / M 2 )
Edl L pd =
Fy
ry ¬xñat SI ¦ (AISC Equation F1-17)
snøak;cugeRkayEdlminenAEk,rsnøak;)aøsÞicRtUv)anKNnatamviFIdUcKñasRmab;FñwmEdlviPaKedayviFIeG
LasÞic ehIyvaRtUvEttUcCag M p .
250 MPa nig F y = 350 MPa . cMnYntictYcb:ueNÑaHCa noncompact edaysar width-thickness ratio
PaBkMNt; (limit states) én lateral-torsional buckling nig flange local buckling. ersIusþg;EdlRtUv
nwgsßanPaBkMNt;TaMgBIrRtUv)anKNna ehIyeKyktémøEdltUcCageK. BI AISC Appendix F CamYy
bf
λ=
2t f
bf
λ= = 10.2
2t f
65 65
λp = = = 9.19
Fy 50
141 141
λr = = = 22.3
Fy − Fr 50 − 10
⎛ λ − λp ⎞
Mn (
= M p − M p − Mr ⎜ )
⎜ λr − λ p ⎟
⎟ = 652.4 − (654.2 − 476.7 )⎛⎜ 10.2 − 9.19 ⎞⎟ = 640.5 ft − kips
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 22.3 − 9.19 ⎠
L p = 15 ft nig Lr = 38.4 ft
Lb = 40 ft > Lr
dUcenHvanwg)ak;edayeGLasÞic LTB.
BI Part 1 of the Manual/
I y = 362in 4
J = 4.06in 4
C w = 16000in 6
sRmab;FñwmTRmsamBaØRTbnÞúkBRgayesμICamYynwgTRmxagenAxagcugsgçag
Cb = 1.14
AISC Equation F1-13 [
2
π ⎛ πE ⎞
M n = Cb EI y GJ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ I y C w ≤ M p
Lb ⎝ Lb ⎠
T.Chhay 142 Beams
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
⎡ 2 ⎤
π ⎛ π × 29000 ⎞
= 1.14 ⎢ 29000(362 )(11200 )(4.06 ) + ⎜ ⎟ (362 )(16000 )⎥
⎢ 40(12) ⎝ 40 × 12 ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
= 1.14(5412 ) = 6180in. − kips = 515.0 ft − kips
M p = 654.2 ft − kips > 515.0 ft − kips
taragedaylkçN³xusEbøkKñadUcxageRkam³
!> sRmab; noncompact shapes témøEdlmanenAkñúgtaragrbs; φb M p CatémøBitR)akd
rbs; design strength EdlQrelI flange local buckling. enAkñúg]TahrN_TI 5>6
eyIg)an KNnatémøenHesμInwg 576 ft − kips b:uEnþtémøRtwmRtUvenAkñúgtarag φb M p KW
0.90(654.2 ) = 589 ft − kips
@> témø L p enAkñúgtaragCatémørbs; unbraced length Edl nominal strength EdlQr elI
inelastic lateral torsional buckling esμInwg nominal strength EdlQrelI flange local
Cb = 1.0 ³
⎛ Lb − L p ⎞
M n = M p − (M p − M r )⎜ ⎟ ¬%>%¦
⎜L −L ⎟
⎝ r p ⎠
2
π ⎛ πE ⎞
M n = Cb EI y GJ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ I y C w ≤ M p
Lb ⎝ Lb ⎠
#> RbsinebIrUbrag noncompact edaysarsøab/ RTnug b¤TaMgBIr enaH nominal strength nwgCa
témøtUcCageKénersIusþg;EdlRtUvKñanwg flange local buckling, web local buckling nig
lateral-torsional buckling.
Edl Vu =kmøaMgkat;TTwgGtibrmaEdll)anBIkarbnSMbnÞúkemKuNFMCageK
φv = emKuNersIusþg;sRmab;kmøaMgkat;TTwg = 0.9
Vn = nominal shear strength/
fv =
VQ
Ib
¬%>^¦
Q = m:Um:g;RkLaépÞTImYyeFobG½kSNWt rvagcMNucEdlBicarNanwgEpñkxagelIb¤EpñkxageRkam
rbs;muxkat;
T.Chhay 146 Beams
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobnwgG½kSNWt
I=
b = TTwgrbs;muxkat;enAcMNucEdlBicarNa
strength nig width-thickness ratio ¬sRmab; FLB b¤ WLB¦ nigrvag flexural strength nig
unbraced length ¬sRmab; LTB¦. TMnak;TMngRtUvbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5>19 nigRtUv)an[enAkñúg AISC
F2.2 dUcxageRkam³
F2-1)
Edl Aw =RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;RTnug = dt w KitCa ¬ mm 2 ¦
d = km<s;srubrbs;Fñwm
AISC Equation F2-3 KWQrelI elastic stability theory, ehIy Equation F2-2 CasmIkar
elITRm ehIyesμInwgkmøaMgRbtikmμ
w L 2.080(40)
Vu = u = = 41.6kips
2 2
BI dimensions and properties tables in Part 1 of the Manual, web width-thickness ratio rbs;
W 14 × 90 KW
h
= 25.9
tw
418 418
= = 59.11
Fy 50
Edl φ = 0.75
Agv = gross area rgkmøaMgkat; ¬enAkñúgrUbTI 5>20 RbEvg AB KuNnwgkRmas;RTnug¦
Anv = net area rgkmøaMgkat;
method dUcCa method of virtual work CaedIm. PaBdabCa serviceability limit state minEmnCa
L
Plastered construction:
360
L
Unplastered floor construction:
240
L
Unplastered roof construction:
180
Edl L CaRbEvgElVg.
BI φb M n ≥ M u /
φb F y Z x ≥ M u
Mu 913.5(12)
Zx ≥ = = 338.3in.3
φb Fy 0.90(36)
CaFmμta Load Factor Design Selection Table erob rolled shapes EdlRtUv)aneRbICaFñwmeday
témø plastic section modulus fycuH. elIsBIenH RtUv)andak;CaRkumedayrUbragenAxagelIeKenAkñúg
Rkum ¬GkSrRkas;¦ rUbragEdlRsalCageKEdlman section modulus RKb;RKan;edIm,IbMeBj section
modulus EdlfycuHenAkñúgRkum. kñúg]TahrN_enH rUbragEdlmantémøEk,rnwg section modulus
EtgEtmanlT§PaBRTRTg;FMCaglT§PaBRTRTg;tRmUvkaredayrUbragsnμt;.
wu = 1.2(1.08) + 1.6(5.00 ) = 8.130kips / ft
8.130(30 )2
Mu = = 914.6 ft − kips
8
BI Load Factor Design Selection Table,
φb M p = φb M n = 934 ft − kips > 914.6 ft − kips (OK)
epÞógpÞat;kmøaMgkat;
w L 8.13(30 )
Vu = u = = 122kips
2 2
BI factored uniform load tables /
φvVn = 316kips > 122kips (OK)
cugeRkaybMput epÞógpÞat;PaBdab. PaBdabGtibrmaGnuBaØatsRmab;bnÞúkGefrKW L / 360
L 30 × 12
= = 1in.
360 360
5 wL L4 5 (5.00 / 12 )(30 × 12 )4
Δ= = = 0.703in. < 1in. (OK)
384 EI x 384 29000(4470 )
cemøIy³ eRbI W 30 × 108 .
dff
Beam Design Charts
eKmanRkaPic nigtaragCaeRcInsRmab;visVkrEdlGnuvtþ ehIyRkaPic nigtaragCMnYyTaMgenHCYy
sRmYly:ageRcIndl;dMeNIrkarKNnamuxkat;. vaRtUv)aneKeRbIy:agTUlMTUlayenAkñúg design office
b:uEnþvisVkrRtUvEteRbIvaedayRbytñ½. enAkñúgesovePAenHmin)anENnaMnUvRkaPic nigtaragTaMgGs;enaH
lMGitGs;eT b:uEnþRkaPic nigtaragxøHmansar³sMxan;kñúgkarENnaM CaBiessKW ExSekag design moment
versus unbraced length Edl[enAkñúg Part 4 of the Manual.
noncompact shapes.
L = RbEvgElVg
Δ=
20(6 × 12 )
24 EI
[ ]
3(24 × 12 )2 − 4(6 × 12 )2 =
13.69 × 10 6
EI
sRmab;Tm¶n;pÞal;rbs;Fñwm PaBdabGtibrmak¾sßitenAkNþalElVgEdr dUcenH
]TahrN_ 5>12³ eRbIEdk A36 ehIyeRCIserIs rolled shapes sRmab;FñwmenAkñúg rUbTI 5>29. bnÞúkcM
cMNucCa service live load ehIybnÞúkBRgayesμIKW 30% CabnÞúkefr nig 70% CabnÞúkGefr.
Lateral bracing RtUv)anpþl;[enAcug nigkNþalElVg. vaminmankarkMNt;sRmab;PaBdabeT.
Pu = 1.6(9 ) = 14.4kips
bnÞúkemKuN nigRbtikmμRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5>30.
m:Um:g;EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;KNna Cb ³ m:Um:g;Bt;enAcm¶ay x BIcugxageqVgKW
⎛ x⎞
M = 61.92 x − 4.590 x⎜ ⎟ = 61.92 x − 2.280 x 2
⎝2⎠
¬sRmab; x ≤ 12 ft ¦
kmøaMgkat;TTwgKW
Vu = 61.92kips
¬lT§plBitR)akdnwgtUcCagenHbnþic edaysarTm¶n;pÞal;rbs;FñwmtUcCagbnÞúksnμt;¦
BI factored uniform load table
φvVn = 177kips > 61.92kips (OK)
RbsinebItRmUvkarPaBdabRKb;RKgelIkarKNnamuxkat; eKRtUvkMNt;m:Um:g;niclPaBcaM)ac;Gb,-
brma ehIyeKRtUvrkrUbragRsalCageKEdlRtUvnwgtémøenH. kargarenHRtUv)ansRmYly:ageRcIneday
sar moment of inertia selection table in part 4 of the Manual. ]TahrN_ 5>13 nwgbgðajBIkar
eRbIR)as;taragenH ehIynwgBnül;pgEdrBIviFIsaRsþkñúgkarKNnamuxkat;FñwmenAkñúgRbB½n§kRmalxNÐ.
elIsBI 1/ 360 énRbEvgElVg. eRbIEdk A36 nigKNnamuxkat;rbs; floor beams. snμt;fa kRmal
pþl;nUv continuous lateral support rbs; floor beams.
dMeNaHRsay³
eRbIebtugGarem:Tm¶n;FmμtaEdlmanTm¶n; 150lb / ft 3 sRmab;KNnabnÞúkefr. Tm¶n;GacRtUv)anKitCa
bnÞúk kñúgmYyÉktþaépÞedayKuNTm¶n;maDnwgkRmas;kRmalxNÐ.
Tm¶n;kRmalxNÐ = 150⎛⎜⎝ 124 ⎞⎟⎠ = 50 psf
snμt;faFñwmnImYy²RTnUvTTwgrgbnÞúk (tributary width) 7 ft. rbs;kRmalxNÐ.
kRmalxNг 50(7) = 350lb / ft
Partition³ 20(7 ) = 140lb / ft
eTaHbI partition Gaccl½t)an b:uEnþ national model building codes KitvaCabnÞúkefr (BOCA,
1996; ICBO, 1997;nig SBCC, 1997). eyIgk¾KitvaCabnÞúkGefrEdrenATIenH.
ehIyrn§RbehagRtUv)anecaHenAelIsøabRtg;kEnøgNaEdlmanm:Um:g;tUc. b:uEnþeKminGaceFVIEbbenH)an
rhUteT dUcenHeKRtUvKitBI\T§iBlrbs;rn§Rbehag.
sRmab;rn§RbehagtUc dUcsRmab;b‘ULúg \T§iBlrbs;vanwgtUc CaBiesssRmab; flexure eday
mUlehtuBIr. TI1KW karkat;bnßymuxkat;tUc. TI2KW muxkat;EdlenAEk,rmin)ankat;bnßy ehIykar
pøas;bþÚrmuxkat;énPaBminCab;tUcFMCag “weak link”.
dUcenH AISC B10 GnuBaØat[ecalnUv\T§iBlrbslrn§RbehagenAeBlEdl
0.75 Fu A fn ≥ 0.9 Fy A fg (AISC Equation B10-1)
FñwmEdlmanrn§RbehagFMenAelIRTnug RtUvkarkarKNnaBiessEdlminmanerobrab;enAkñúgesov
ePAenHeT. Design of Steel and Composite Beam with Web Openings KWCakarENnaMd¾manRb
eyaCn_sRmab;RbFanbTenH (Darwin, 1990).
RtUv)ane)aHBum<pSayenAkñúg Standard Specifications, Load Tables, nig Weight Table for Steel
Joists and Joist Girders (SJI, 1994).
eKGaceRCIserIs open-web steel joists CamYynwg the aid of the standard load tables (SJI,
1994) ehIytaragmYyenAkñúgcMeNamenaHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5>34 . CamYynwgkarpSMKñarvag
ElVg nig joist eKnwgTTYl)antémøbnÞúkmYyKUr. elxxagelICa total service load capacity KitCa
pounds kñúgmYy foot ehIyelxenAxageRkamCa service live load kñúgmYy foot EdlnwgbegáItPaBdab
edIm,IFananUvsißrPaBrbs; top chord eKRtUvP¢ab; the floor or roof deck kñúgviFIEbbNaedIm,IeFVI[ man
continuous lateral support.
TaMg top nig bottom chord members rbs; K-series joists RtUv)anplitedayEdkEdlman
yield stress 50ksi . lT§PaBRTbnÞúkrbs; K-series joists RtUv)anepÞógpÞat;edaykarBiesaF ehIy
emKuNsuvtßiPaBGb,brmaRtUv)anbgðaj[eXIjesμInwg 1.65 .
viFIsaRsþd¾samBaØsRmab;eRbIR)as; standard load tables CamYynwg LRFD RtUv)anENnaMeday
SJI (1994) ehIyRtUv)anbgðajenATIenH kñúgTRmg;EkERbbnþicbnþÜc. BicarNa TMnak;TMngeKal LRFD
smIkar @>#³
∑ γ i Qi ≤ φRn
vaRtUv)ansresrsRmab;bnÞúkBRgayesμIkñúgTRmg;Ca
wu ≤ φwn ¬%>&¦
Edl wu CabnÞúkBRgayesμIemKuN nig wn Ca nominal uniform load strength of the joist. Rbsin
ebIeyIgeRbIpleFobmFümén nominal strength elI allowable strength esμInwg 1.65 eyIgGac *
Edl wsji Ca allowable strength (allowable load) Edl[enAkñúg standard load tables.
Design strength KW
( )
φwn = 0.9 1.65wsji = 1.485wsji ≈ 3 2 wsji
\LÚveyIgGacsresrsmIkar %>& Ca
wu ≤ 3 2 wsji
sRmab;eKalbMNgénkarKNna eyIgGacsresrTMnak;TMngenHCa
required wsji = 2 3 wu
]TahrN_ 5>15³ eRbI load table Edl[enAkñúg rUbTI 5>34 eRCIserIs open-web steel joist sRmab;
RbB½n§kRmal nigbnÞúkxageRkam.
Joist spacing = 3 ft
Span length = 20 ft
bnÞúkKW³ kRmalxNÐkRmas; 3in.
*
cMNaMfaemKuNsuvtßiPaBsRmab; K-series joists RtUv)ankMNt;edaykarBesaFEdleFVIeLIgedayplitkr.
T.Chhay 170 Beams
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
bnÞúkefrepSgeTot = 20 psf
bnÞúkGefr = 50 psf
dMeNaHRsay³ sRmab;bnÞúkefr
kRmalxNг 50⎛⎜⎝ 123 ⎞⎟⎠ = 37.5 psf
bnÞúkefrepSgeTot = 20 psf
Tm¶n;rbs; joist = 3 psf ¬]bma¦
srub = 60.5 psf
wD = 60.5(3) = 181.5lb / ft
sRmab;bnÞúkGefr 50 psf
wL = 50(3) = 150lb / ft
bnÞúkemKuNKW
wu = 1.2 wD + 1.6 wL = 1.2(181.5) + 1.6(150 ) = 457.8lb' ft
bMElgbnÞúkenHeTACa required service load³
wu = (457.8) = 305lb / ft
2 2
required wsji =
3 3
rUbTI 5>34 bgðajfa joist xageRkambMeBjnUvtRmUvkarénbnÞúkxagelI³ 12K 5 Tm¶n;RbEhl
7.1lb / ft / 14 K 3 Tm¶n;RbEhl 6lb / ft nig 16 K 2 Tm¶n;RbEhl 5.5lb / ft . edayminman
5>13> bnÞHRTFñwm nigbnÞH)atssr (Beam Bearing Plates and Column Base Plate)
viFIKNnabnÞHRTssrmanlkçN³RsedogKñanwgviFIKNnabnÞHRTFñwm ehIyedaysarmUlehtu
enH eyIgnwgBicarNavaCamYyKña. elIsBI karkMNt;kRmas;rbs;bnÞH)atssrtRmUv[mankarBicarNa
BI flexure dUcenHvaRtUv)anelIkykmkerobrab;enATIenH EdlminEmnenAkñúgCMBUk 4. kñúgkrNITaMgBIr
tYnaTIrbs;bnÞHEdkKWEbgEckbnÞúkEdlRbmUlpþúM (concentrated load) eTAsmÖar³EdlRTva.
bnÞHRTFñwmmanBIrRbePTKW³ mYysRmab;bBa¢ÚnRbtikmμrbs;FñwmeTATRm dUcCaCBa¢aMgebtug nig
mYyeTotsRmab;bBa¢ÚnbnÞúkeTAsøabxagelIrbs;Fñwm. dMbUg BicarNaTRmFñwmEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
Fñwm 171 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Web Yielding
Web yielding KWCakarpÞúHEbkedaykarsgát; (compressive crushing) rbs;RTnugFñwmEdl
bNþalBIkarGnuvtþn_kmøaMgsgát;edaypÞal;eTAsøabEdlenABIxagelI b¤BIxageRkamRTnug. kmøaMgenH
GacCakmøaMgRbtikmμBITRménRbePTdUcbgðajkñúg rUbTI 5>35 b¤vaGacCabnÞúkEdlbBa¢ÚneTAsøabeday
ssr b¤FñwmepSgeTot. Yielding ekIteLIgenAeBlEdlkugRtaMgsgát;enAelImuxkat;edktamry³RTnug
xiteTArkcMNuc yield. enAeBlbnÞúkRtUv)anbBa¢Úntamry³bnÞHEdk web yielding RtUv)ansnμt;faekIt
manenAEk,rmuxkat;EdlmanTTwg t w . enAkñúg rolled shape muxkat;enARtg;cugénBitekag (toe of the
fillet) Edlmancm¶ay k BIépÞxageRkArbs;søab ¬TMhMenHRtUv)anerobCatarag enAkñúg dimensions and
Web Cripplimg
Ca buckling rbs;RTnugEdlbNþalBIkmøaMgsgát;EdlbBa¢Úntamry³søab.
Web crippling
A1 = bearing area R
Plate Thickness
enAeBlEdlbeNþay nigTTwgrbs;bnÞHTRmRtUv)ankMNt;ehIy bearing pressure mFüm
RtUv)anKitCabnÞúkBRgayesμIeTAelI)atén plate EdlRtUv)ansnμt;RTedayTTwg 2k EdlenAkNþalFñwm
nigbeNþay N dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 5>38. bnÞab;mkeTotbnÞHRtUv)anBicarNafaekageFobG½kSRsb
eTAnwgElVgFñwm. dUcenH bnÞHRtUv)anKitCa cantilever EdlmanRbEvgElVg n = (B − 2k )/ 2 nigTTwg
N . edIm,IgayRsYl TTwg 1in. RtUv)anBicarNa CamYynwgbnÞúkBRgayesμIKitCa lb / in. EdlesμInwg
EdlmanTMhMTTwgmYyÉktþa nigkRmas; t KW
⎛ t ⎞⎛ t ⎞ t2
M p = Fy ⎜1× ⎟⎜ ⎟ = Fy
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ 4
edaysar φb M n RtUvEttUcCag M u
φb M n ≥ M u
t 2 Ru n 2
0 .9 F y ≥
4 2 BN
2 Ru n 2 2.222 Ru n 2
t≥
0.9 BNF y
b¤ t≥
BNF y
¬%>* / %>(¦
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúkemKuNKW
wu = 1.2 wD + 1.6 wL = 1.2(4.5) + 1.6(4.5) = 12.6kips / ft.
ehIyRbtikmμKW
w L 12.6(15.83)
Ru = u = = 99.73kips
2 2
kMNt;RbEvgrbs; bearing N EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IkarBar web yielding. BI AISC Equation K1-3,
design strength sRmab;sßanPaBkMNt;enHKW
Rn = (2.5k + N )Fy t w
sRmab; φRn ≥ Ru /
1[2.5(1.438) + N ](36 )(0.430 ) ≥ 99.73
N ≥ 2.85in.
eRbI AISC Equation K1-5edIm,IkMNt;témørbs; N EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IkarBar web crippling. snμt;
N / d ≥ 0.2 nigsakl,gTRmg;TIBIrrbs;smIkar. sRmab; φRn ≥ Ru /
⎡ 1.5 ⎤
2⎢ ⎛ N ⎞⎛⎜ t w ⎞⎟ ⎥ Fy t f
φ 68t w 1 + ⎜ 4 − 0.2 ⎟ ≥ Ru
⎢ ⎝ d ⎠⎜⎝ t f ⎟⎠ ⎥ tw
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
⎡ ⎛ 4N ⎞⎛ 0.43 ⎞ ⎤ 36(0.685)
1.5
0.75(68)(0.43)2 ⎢1 + ⎜ − 0.2 ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ≥ 99.73
⎢⎣ ⎝ 21.13 ⎠⎝ 0.685 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 0.43
N ≥ 5.27in. (controls)
T.Chhay 176 Beams
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
RtYtBinitükarsnμt;
N 5.268
= = 0.25 > 0.2 (OK)
d 21.13
sakl,g N = 6in. . kMNt;TMhM B BI bearing strength. karsnμt;EdlmansuvtßiPaBKWRkLaépÞeBj
TaMgGs;rbs;TRmRtUv)aneRbI.
φc (0.85) f 'c A1 ≥ Ru
0.6(0.85)(3.5)A1 ≥ 99.73
A1 ≥ 55.87in 2
témøGb,brmarbs;TMhM B KW
A 55.87
B= 1 = = 9.31in.
N 6
TTwgsøabrbs; W 21× 68 KW 8.270in. EdleFVI[bnÞHEdkFMCagsøabbnþic EdleKcg;)an. sakl,g
B = 10in. .
kMNt;kRmas;bnÞHEdkEdlcaM)ac;
B − 2k 10 − 2(1.438)
n= = = 3.562in.
2 2
BIsmIkar ¬%>(¦
2.222 Ru n 2 2.222(99.73)(3.562)2
t= = = 1.14in.
BNF y 10(6)(36 )
elIsBIenHeTot web crippling nig web yielding minEmnCabBaðaenAkñúgkarKNna column base plate
eT.
Edl P
Po = u × b f d
BN
= bnÞúkenAkñúgRkLaépÞ b f d
= bnÞúkenAelIRklaépÞ H-shape
AH = RklaépÞ H-shape
Edl n'=
1
4
db f ¬%>!@¦
⎝ (
⎜ d + b 2 ⎟φ P
f ⎠ c p)
1
n'= db f
4
φc = 0.60
Pp = nominal bearing strength BI AISC Equation J9-1 b¤ J9-2.
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúkemKuNKW
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(98) + 1.6(145) = 349.6kips
KNna required bearing area
φc Pp ≥ Pu
φc (0.85) f 'c A1 A2 / A1 ≥ Pu
0.6(0.85)(3)A1 18(18) / A1 ≥ 349.6
A1 ≥ 161.1in.2
RtYtBinitü
A2 / A1 = 18(18) / 161.1 = 1.41 < 2 (OK)
mü:ageTot bnÞHRtUvEtmanTMhMFMCagTMhMssr dUcenH
b f d = 10.00(9.98) = 99.8in.2 < 161.1in.2 (OK)
xan;én\T§iBlbnÞúknImYy²EdlmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgersIusþg;EdlRtUvKñanwg\T§iBlénbnÞúkenaH. ]Tahr-
N_ RbsinebIman bending eFobEtnwgG½kS x /
M ux ≤ φb M nx b¤ φ MMux ≤ 1.0
b nx
Edl M ux = m:Um:g;Bt;emKuNeFobG½kS x
M nx = nominal moment strength eFobG½kS x
Edl M uy = m:Um:g;Bt;emKuNeFobG½kS y
T.Chhay 184 Beams
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
(
= Cb ⎢φb M p − φb M p − φb M r )⎜⎜ LLb −− LL p ⎟⎟⎥ ≤ φb M P
⎢⎣ ⎝ r p ⎠⎥⎦
RtYtBinitü Zy
Sy
=
24.4
15.7
= 1.55 > 1.5
BIsmIkar %>!!
M ux M uy 200 25
+ = + = 0.912 < 1.0 (OK)
φb M nx φb M ny 385.2 63.59
cemøIy³ W 21× 68 RKb;RKan;
dUcenH
( ) ( )
φb M ny = φb 1.5M yy = φb 1.5F y S y = 0.9(1.5)(36)(1.11) = 53.95in. − kips = 4.496 ft − kips
edaysarbnÞúkRtUv)anGnuvtþenAelIsøabxagelI eRbIlT§PaBenHEtBak;kNþaledIm,ITb;Tl;nwg\T§iBl
rmYl. BIsmIkar %>!$
M ux M uy 8.862 0.7382
+ = + = 0.856 < 1.0 (OK)
φb M nx φb M ny 16.8 4.496 / 2
kmøaMgkat;TTwgKW
0.3151(15)
Vu = = 2.363kips
2
BI factored uniform load table³
φvVn = 19.5kips > 2.363kips (OK)
cemøIy³ eRbI W 6 × 9 .
b¤ Appendix F of the Specification. eK[ Nominal strength sRmab; compact nig noncompact
hot-rolled shapes b:uEnþminEmnsRmab; slender shapes b¤rUbragEdlpSMeLIgBIEdkbnÞHeT. kñúgEpñkenH
λ=
h
t
/ λp =
640
Fy
nig λr =
970
Fy
¬sRmab; US¦
λ=
h
t
/ λp =
1680
Fy
nig λr =
2550
Fy
¬sRmab; IS¦
RbsinebIeKmindwgTMhMBitR)akd b nig h EdlbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI 5>51 eKGac)a:n;
sμanedayykTTwgsrub b¤km<s;srubdknwgbIdgkRmas; ¬lkçN³rbs;EdkTIb
RCugEdlmanenAkñúg Manual KWQrelIkaMxageRkAEdlesμInwg 2t ¦.
sRmab; Lb ≤ L p
M n = M p ≤ 1.5M y (AISC Equation F1-1)
sRmab; L p < Lb ≤ Lr
⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
(
M n = Cb ⎢ M p − M p − M r )⎜⎜ LLb −− LL p ⎟⎟⎥ ≤ M p (AISC Equation F1-2)
⎢⎣ ⎝ r p ⎠⎥⎦
sRmab; Lb > Lr
M n = M cr ≤ M p (AISC Equation F1-12)
Edl M cr =
57000Cb JA
Lb / ry
xñat US (AISC Equation F1-14)
M cr =
393000Cb JA
Lb / ry
xñat IS
3750ry JA
Lp =
Mp
xñat US (AISC Equation F1-5)
25855ry JA
Lp =
Mp
xñat IS
57000ry JA
Lr =
Mp
xñat US (AISC Equation F1-10)
393000ry JA
Lr =
Mp
xñat IS
M r = Fy S x (AISC Equation F1-11)
2. rUbrag nonompact³ RtYtBinitü FLB nig WLB CamYynwg AISC Equation A-F-
1-3.
III. Square Structural Tubes
A. Width-thickness parameters
λ=
b
t
/
λp =
190
Fy
nig λr =
238
Fy
¬sRmab; US¦
λ=
b
t
/ λp =
500
Fy
nig λr =
625
Fy
¬sRmab; IS¦
B. Nominal bending strength
vaminmansßanPaBkMNt; LTB sRmab;rUbragkaer ¬b¤ctuekaNEkgeT¦.
1. rUbrag compact
M n = M p ≤ 1 .5 M y (AISC Equation F1-1)
sRmab; Lb ≤ L p
M n = M p ≤ 1 .5 M y (AISC Equation F1-1)
sRmab; L p < Lb ≤ Lr
⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
(
M n = Cb ⎢ M p − M p − M r )⎜⎜ LLb −− LL p ⎟⎟⎥ ≤ M p (AISC Equation F1-2)
⎢⎣ ⎝ r p ⎠⎥⎦
sRmab; Lb > Lr
M n = M cr ≤ M p (AISC Equation F1-12)
Edl M cr =
57000Cb JA
Lb / ry
xñat US (AISC Equation F1-14)
M cr =
393000Cb JA
Lb / ry
xñat IS
3750ry JA
Lp =
Mp
xñat US (AISC Equation F1-5)
25855ry JA
Lp =
Mp
xñat IS
57000ry JA
Lr =
Mp
xñat US (AISC Equation F1-10)
393000ry JA
Lr =
Mp
xñat IS
M r = Fy S x (AISC Equation F1-11)
B. Bending eFobG½kSexSay³
M n = M p ≤ 1 .5 M y (AISC Equation F1-1)
V. Tees and double-anfle Shapes
A. Width-thickness parameters
1. Tees
a. søab
bf
λ=
2t f
nig λr =
95
Fy
eKmineRbI λ p ¬sRmab; US¦
bf
λ=
2t f
nig λr =
250
Fy
eKmineRbI λ p ¬sRmab; IS¦
b. RTnug
λ=
d
tw
nig λr =
127
Fy
eKmineRbI λ p ¬sRmab; US¦
λ=
d
tw
nig λr =
333
Fy
eKmineRbI λ p ¬sRmab; IS¦
2. Double angles with separators, either leg
λ=
b
t
λr = nig
76
Fy
eKmineRbI λ p ¬sRmab; US¦
λ=
b
t
nig λr =
200
Fy
eKmineRbI λ p ¬sRmab; IS¦
C. Bending eFobG½kSexSay³
sRmab; λ p < λ ≤ λr
⎛ 600 ⎞
Mn = ⎜ + Fy ⎟ S (AISC Appendix F, Table A-F1.1)
⎝ D/t ⎠
VI. Fñwm-ssr
Beam-Columns
enAeBlEdlGgát;eRKOgbgÁúMCaeRcInRtUv)anKitCassrrgkmøaMgtamG½kS b¤CaFñwmEdlrgEtkmøaMg
Bt; (flexural loading) Fñwm nigssrCaeRcInrgnUvkmøaMgTaMgBIrKw kmøaMgBt; nigkmøaMgtamG½kS. vaCakar
Bit CaBiesssRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMsþaTicminkMNt;. sUm,IEtTRm roller rbs;FñwmsamBaØGacpþl;nUvkmøaMg
kkitEdlGacTb;Fñwmcl½ttambeNþay enAeBlEdlbnÞúkGnuvtþEkgnwgG½kSbeNþayrbs;Fñwm. b:uEnþkñúg
krNIBiessenH CaTUeTA\T§iBlrg ¬TIBIr¦mantémøtUc ehIyGacecal)an. ssrCaeRcInRtUv)anCa
Ggát;rgkmøaMgsgát;suT§CamYynwgkMrwtlMeGogEdlGacecal)an. RbsinebIssrCaGgát;sRmab;eRKOg
bgÁúMmYyCan; ehIyTRmrbs;vaTaMgBIrRtUv)anKitCaTRm pinned FñwmnwgrgEt bending EdlCalT§plBI
bnÞúkcMNakp©itEdleRKaHfñak;tictYc.
b:uEnþ sRmab;Ggát;eRKOgbgÁúMCaeRcIn \T§iBlTaMgBIrnwgmantémøFM EdlGgát;TaMgenaHRtUv)aneK
ehAfa beam-columns. BicarNa rigid frame enAkñúgrUbTI 6>1. sRmab;lkçxNÐbnÞúkEdl[Ggát;
edk AB minRtwmEtRTbnÞúkbBaÄrBRgayesμIeT EfmTaMgCYyGgát;bBaÄredIm,ITb;nwgbnÞúkxagcMcMNuc P .
Ggát; CD CakrNIEdleRKaHfñak;Cag eRBaHvaTb;;nwgbnÞúk P1 + P2 edayminmanCMnYyBIGgát;bBaÄr
NaeT. mUlehtuKWfa x-bracing EdlbgðajedayExSdac; karBar sidesway enACan;xageRkam.
sRmab;karbgðajTisedArbs; P2 Ggát; ED nwgrgkmøaMgTaj ehIyGgát; CF nwgFUrRbsinebI bracing
element RtUv)anKNnaedIm,ITb;EtkmøaMgTaj. b:uEnþsRmab;krNIenH Ggát; CD RtUvbBa¢ÚnbnÞúk
P1 + P2 BI C eTA D .
GacRtUv)anKitCaGgát;rgkmøaMgsgát;cMG½kS.
eBlxøH]TahrN_epSgeTotrbs; beam-columns GacCYbenAkñúg roof trusses. eTaHbICaFmμta
top chord RtUv)anKitCaGgát;rgkmøaMgsgát;tamG½kSk¾eday RbsinebI purlins RtUv)andak;enAcenøaH
⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
Pu
+⎜ +
φc Pn ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny
⎟ ≤ 1.0
⎟
¬^>#¦
⎠
Edl x nig y sMedAelIkarBt;eFobG½kS x nigG½kS y .
smIkar ^># CasmIkareKalrbs; AISC sRmab;Ggát;rgkarBt; nigrgkmøaMgtamG½kS. eK[
smIkarBIrenAkñúg Specification: mYysRmab;bnÞúkcMG½kSEdlmantémøtUc nigmYyeTotsRmab;bnÞúkcM
G½kSEdlmantémøFM. RbsinebIbnÞúktamG½kSmantémøtUc tYbnÞúktamG½kSRtUv)ankat;bnßy. sRmab;
bnÞúktamG½kSEdlmantémøFM tYkmøaMgBt;RtUv)ankat;bnßybnþic. tRmUvkarrbs; AISC RtUv)an[enAkñúg
Chapter H, “Members Under Combined Forces and Torsion,” ehIyRtUv)ansegçbdUcxageRkam³
Pu ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
+⎜ + ⎟ ≤ 1.0 (AISC Equation H1-1b)
2φc Pn ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠
]TahrN_6>1 bgðajBIkarGnuvtþn_smIkarTaMgenH.
φc Pn = 365kips
edaysarkarBt;eFobG½kSxøaMg m:Um:g;KNna (design moment) φb M n sRmab; Cb = 1.0 GacTTYl
Fñwm-ssr 199 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
φb M n = 224 ft − kips
m:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaenAkNþalElVgKW
22(17 )
Mu = = 93.5 ft − kips
4
kMNt;faetIsmIkarGnþrkmμmYyNalub
Pu
=
200
φc Pn 365
= 0.547 > 0.2 dUcenHeRbI AISC Eq.H1-1a.
Pu 8 ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
⎟ = 0.5479 + 8 ⎛⎜ 93.5 + 0 ⎞⎟ = 0.919 ≤ 1.0
+ ⎜ + (OK)
φc Pn 9 ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 9 ⎝ 224 ⎠
sRmab;RbB½n§kUGredaendUcEdl)anbgðaj eKGacsresrTMnak;TMngExSkMeNag-m:Um:g;
(moment-curvature relationship) dUcxageRkam³
d2y M
=−
2 EI
dx
m:Um:g;Bt; M ekIteLIgedaysarcMNakp©iténkmøaMgtamG½kS Pu eFobG½kSrbs;Ggát;. cMNak
p©itenHpSMeLIgeday initial crookedness yo bUknwgPaBdabbEnßm y EdlekItBIkarBt;. enARtg;TI
taMgNamYy m:Um:g;KW
M = Pu ( yo + y )
edayCMnYssmIkarenHeTAkñúgsmIkarDIepr:g;Esül eyIgTTYl)an
d2y P ⎛ πx ⎞
= − u ⎜ e sin + y ⎟
dx 2 EI ⎝ L ⎠
d2y P Pe πx
+ u y = − u sin
dx 2 EI EI L
Edl Pe = π
2
EI
= Euler buckling load
2
L
m:Um:g;GtibrmaekItenARtg; x = L / 2 ³
⎡ e ⎤
M max = Pu ⎢e + ⎥
⎣ (Pe / Pu ) − 1⎦
⎡ (P / P ) − 1 + 1 ⎤
= Pu e ⎢ e u ⎥
⎣ (Pe / Pu ) − 1 ⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
= Mo ⎢ ⎥
⎣1 − (Pu / Pe )⎦
Edl M o minEmnCam:Um:g;bEnßmGtibrma (unampliflied maximum moment). kñúgkrNIenH
vaTTYl)anBI initial crookedness b:uEnþCaTUeTAvaGacCalTßplénbnÞúkTTwgG½kS b¤m:Um:g;cug. dUcenHem
Pu Pu 300
= = = 0.4848 > 0.125
( )
φb Py φb Ag Fy 0.9(19.1)(36)
⎛ ⎞
dUcenH λp = ⎜ 2.33 − Pu ⎟ = 191 (2.33 − 0.4848) = 58.74
191
⎜
Fy φb Py ⎟⎠ 36
⎝
253 253
= = 42.17 < 58.74
Fy 36
dUcenH λ p = 58.74
BI dimensions and properties tables/
h
λ= = 24.9 < 58.74
tw
BRgwgedayEdk (ACI, 1995). rUbTI 6>5 nwgbgðajBIGgát;TaMgBIr. enAkñúg rUbTI 6>5 a Ggát;RtUv)anTb;
RbqaMgnwg sidesway ehIym:Um:g;TIBIrGtibrmaKW Pδ EdlRtUvbEnßmeTAelIm:Um:g;GtibrmaenAkñúgGgát;
enaH. RbsinebIeRKagminRtUv)anBRgwg vanwgelceLIgnUvm:Um:g;TIBIr EdlbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI 6>5 b Edl
begáIteday sidesway. m:Um:g;TIBIrenHmantémøGtibrma PΔ EdlbgðajBIkarbEnßménm:Um:g;cug.
edIm,IKItBI\T§iBlTaMgBIrenH emKuNm:Um:g;bEnßm B1 nig B2 RtUv)aneRbIsRmab;m:Um:g;BIrRbePT.
m:Um:g;bEnßmEdleRbIsRmab;KNnaRtUv)anKNnaBIbnÞúkemKuN nigm:Um:g;emKuNdUcxageRkam³
M u = B1M nt + B2 M lt (AISC Equation C1-1)
B2 = emKuNm:Um:g;bEnßmsRmab;m:Um:g;Edl)anBI sidesway.
karKNnaemKuN Cm
emKuN Cm GnuvtþEtelIlkçxNÐEdlBRgwgEtb:ueNÑaH. eKmanGgát;BIrRbePT EdlmYyman
bnÞúkTTwgG½kSGnuvtþenAcenøaHcug nigmYyeTotminmanbnÞúkTTwgG½kS.
rUbTI 6>8 b nig c bgðajBIkrNITaMgBIrxagelIenH ¬Ggát; AB Ca beam-column EdlRtUvKit¦.
T.Chhay 208 Beam-Column
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
!> RbsinebIminmanbnÞúkTTwgG½kSeFVIGMeBIenAelIGgát;
⎛M ⎞
C m = 0.6 − 0.4⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ (AISC Equation C1-3)
⎝ M2 ⎠
CapleFobénm:Um:g;Bt;enAcugrbs;Ggát;. M1 Catémødac;xaténm:Um:g;cugEdltUcCag
M1 / M 2
π 2δ o EI
ψ= −1
M o L2
Edl δ o CaPaBdabGtibrmaEdlekItBIbnÞúkxagTTwgG½kS ehIy M o Cam:Um:g;GtibrmaenA
cenøaHTRmEdl)anBIbnÞúkxagTTwgG½kS. emKuN ψ RtUv)anKNnaBIsßanPaBFmμtaCaeRcInehIyRtUv)an
pþl;[enAkñúg commentary Table C-C1.1.
dMeNaHRsay³ kMNt;faetIRtUveRbIrUbmnþGnþrkmμmYyNa
KL K y L 14(12)
maximum = = = 55.63
r ry 3.02
KL K x L 14(12 )
= = = 31.82
r rx 5.28
Ag F y π 2 EAg π 2 (29000 )(19.1)
Pe1 = = = = 5399kips
λ2c (K x L / rx )2 (31.82)2
⎛M ⎞ ⎛ 70 ⎞
C m = 0.6 − 0.4⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ = 0.6 − 0.4⎜ − ⎟ = 0.9415
⎝ M2 ⎠ ⎝ 82 ⎠
Cm 0.9415
B1 = = = 1.021
1 − (Pu / Pe1 ) 1 − (420 / 5399)
BI Beam design charts,CamYynwg Cb = 1.0 nig Lb = 14 ft. moment strength KW
φb M n = 347 ft − kips
sRmab;témø Cb BitR)akd edayeyagtamdüaRkam:Um:g;enAkñúg rUbTI 6>10³
12.5M max 1.25(82 )
Cb = = = 1.06
2.5M max + 3M A + 4 M B + 3M C 2.5(82 ) + 3(73) + 4(76 ) + 3(79 )
dUcenH φb M n = Cb (347) = 1.06(347) = 368 ft − kips
b:uEnþ φb M p = 358 ft − kips ¬BItarag¦ < 368 ft − kips
dUcenHeRbI φb M n = 358 ft − kips
m:Um:g;emKuNKW M nt = 85 ft − kips M lt = 0
BI AISC Equation C1-1,
M u = B1M nt + B2 M lt = 1.021(82 ) + 0 = 83.72 ft − kips = M ux
BI AISC Equation H1-1a,
Pu 8 ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
⎟ = 0.6487 + 8 ⎛⎜ 83.72 ⎞⎟ = 0.857 < 1.0
+ ⎜ + (OK)
φc Pn 9 ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 9 ⎝ 358 ⎠
cemøIy³ Ggát;enHKWRKb;RKan;.
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúkemKuNKW
Pu = 1.6(20 ) = 32.0kips
ehIym:Um:g;GtibrmaKW
M nt =
(1.6 × 20)(10) + (1.2 × 0.035)(10)2 = 80.52 ft − kips
4 8
Ggát;enHRtUv)anBRgwgTb;nwgkarbMlas;TIxagcug dUcenH M lt = 0 .
KNnaemKuNm:Um:g;bEnßm
sRmab;Ggát;rgbnÞúkxagEdlRtUv)anBRgwgTb;nwg sidesway ehIy unrestrained end enaH Cm = 1.0 .
témøEdlsuRkitCagEdl)anBI AISC Commentary Table C-C1.1 KW
P
C m = 1 − 0 .2 u
Pe1
sRmab;G½kSénkarBt;
KL K x L 1.0(10 )(12 )
= = = 34.19
r rx 3.51
π 2 EAg π 2 (29000)(10.3)
Pe1 = = = 2522kips
(KL / r )2 (34.19)2
⎛ 32.0 ⎞
Cm = 1 − 0.2⎜ ⎟ = 0.9975
⎝ 2522 ⎠
emKuNm:Um:g;bEnßm
Cm 0.9975
B1 = = = 1.010 > 1.0
1 − (Pu / Pe1 ) 1 − (32.0 / 2522 )
sRmab;G½kSénkarBt;
M u = B1M nt + B2 M lt = 1.010(80.52 ) + 0 = 81.33 ft − kips
edIm,ITTYl design strengths dMbUgemIleTA column load tables in Part 3 of the Manual Edl [
φc Pn = 262kips
BI beam design charts in Part 4 of the Manual sRmab; Lb = 10 ft nig Cb = 1.0
φb M n = 91.8 ft − kips
edaysarTm¶n;FñwmtUcNas;ebIeRbobeFobnwgbnÞúkGefrcMcMNuc enaH Cb = 1.32 BI rUbTI 5>13 c.
φb M n = 1.32(91.8) = 121 ft − kips
m:Um:g;enHFMCag φb M p = 93.6 ft − kips EdlTTYl)anBI beam design chart dUcKña dUcenH design
strength RtUv)ankMNt;RtwmtémøenH. dUcenH
φb M n = 93.6 ft − kips
RtYtBinitürUbmnþGnþrkmμ³
Pu 32.0
= = 0.1221 < 0.2
φc Pn 262
dUcenHeRbI AISC Equation H1-1b³
Pu ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞ 0.1221 ⎛ 81.33 ⎞
+⎜ + ⎟= +⎜ + 0 ⎟ = 0.930 < 1.0 (OK)
2φc Pn ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 2 ⎝ 93.6 ⎠
cemøIy³ W 8× 35 KWRKb;RKan;
φc Pn = 626kips
cMNaMfa taragbgðajfasøabrbs; W12 × 65 KW noncompact sRmab; Fy = 50ksi .
T.Chhay 214 Beam-Column
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
π 2 EAg π 2 (29000)(19.1)
Pe1 y = = = 1539kips
(K y L / ry )2 (59.60)2
C mx 0.6
B1 y = = = 0.745 < 1.0
( )
1 − Pu / Pe1 y 1 − (300 / 1539)
rUbmnþGnþrkmμ[
Pu 300
= = 0.4792 > 0.2
φc Pn 626
dUcenHeRbI AISC Equation H1-1a³
Pu 8 ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
⎟ = 0.4792 + 8 ⎛⎜ 135 + 30 ⎞⎟ = 0.980 < 1.0 (OK)
+ ⎜ +
φc Pn 9 ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 9 ⎝ 357.8 161.2 ⎠
cemøIy³ W 12 × 65 RKb;RKan;
T.Chhay 216 Beam-Column
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
b¤ B2 =
1
1 − (∑ Pu / ∑ Pe 2 )
(AISC Equation C1-5)
Edl ∑ Pu = plbUkbnÞúkemKuNenAelIRKb;ssrenAelICan;EdlBicarNa
Fñwm-ssr 217 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
L = km<s;Can;
rUbTI 6>14 bgðajbEnßmeTotBI superposition concept. rUbTI 6>14 a bgðajBI braced frame
rgnUvTaMgbnÞúkTMnaj (gravity load) nigbnÞúkxag (lateral load). m:Um:g;enA M nt enAkñúgGgát; AB
RtUv)anKNnaedayeRbIEt gravity load. edayPaBsIuemRTI eKminRtUvkar bracing edIm,IkarBar
sidesway BIbnÞúkenH. m:Um:g;enHRtUv)anbEnßmCamYyCamYynwgemKuN B1 edIm,IkarBar\T§iBl Pδ .
karBarnwg\T§iBl PΔ .
T.Chhay 218 Beam-Column
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
Specification b¤eT?
dUcenHeRbI KL = 15 ft
BI column load tables CamYynwg KL = 15 ft / φc Pn = 626kips
sRmab;lkçxNÐbnÞúk (A4-2)/ Pu = 454kips / M nt = 104.8 ft − kips nig M lt = 0 ¬eday
sarEtsIuemRTI vaminmanm:Um:g; sidesway¦. emKuNm:Um:g;Bt;KW
⎛M ⎞ ⎛ 90 ⎞
Cm = 0.6 − 0.4⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ = 0.6 − 0.4⎜ ⎟ = 0.2565
⎝ M2 ⎠ ⎝ 104.8 ⎠
sRmab;G½kSénkarBt;
KL K x L 1.0(15)(12 )
= = = 34.09
r rx 5.28
¬krNIenHKμan sidesway dUcenHeKeRbI K x sRmab; braced condition¦. enaH
π 2 EAg π 2 (29000)(19.1)
Pe1 = = = 4704kips
(KL / r )2 (34.09)2
emKuNm:Um:g;bEnßmsRmab;m:Um:g; nonsway KW
Cm 0.2565
B1 = = = 0.284 < 1.0
1 − (Pu / Pe1 ) 1 − (454 / 4704 )
dUcenHeRbI B1 = 1.0
M u = B1M nt + B2 M lt = 1.0(104.8) + 0 = 104.8 ft − kips
BI beam design charts CamYynwg Lb = 15 ft
φb M n = 343 ft − kips ¬sRmab; Cb = 1.0 ¦
φb M p = 358 ft − kips
kMNt;smIkarGnþrkmμEdlsmRsb
Pu 454
= = 0.7252 > 0.2
φc Pn 626
eRbIsmIkar AISC Equation H1-1a.
Pu 8 ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
⎟ = 0.7252 + 8 ⎛⎜ 104.8 + 0 ⎞⎟ = 0.985 < 1.0
+ ⎜ + (OK)
φc Pn 9 ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 9 ⎝ 358 ⎠
π 2 EAg π 2 (29000)(19.1)
Pe 2 = = = 3266kips
(KL / r )2 (40.91)2
BI AISC Equation C1-5/
1 1
B2 ≈ = = 1.069
1 − (Pu / Pe 2 ) 1 − (212 / 3266)
m:Um:g;bEnßmsrubKW
M u = B1M nt + B2 M lt = 1.0(47.6) + 1.069(171.6) = 231.0 ft − kips
eTaHbICam:Um:g; M nt nig M lt mantémøxusKñak¾eday k¾BYkvaRtUv)anEbgEckdUcKña ehIy Cb
nwgenAdEdl . enARKb;GRtaTaMgGs; BYkvamantémøFRKb;RKan;Edl φb M p = 358 ft − kips Ca design
strength edayminKitBIm:Um:g;NamYyeLIy.
Pu 212
= = 0.3387 > 0.2
φc Pn 626
dUcenHeRbI AISC Epuation H1-1a³
Pu 8 ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
⎟ = 0.3387 + 8 ⎛⎜ 231.0 + 0 ⎞⎟ = 0.912 < 1.0
+ ⎜ + (OK)
φc Pn 9 ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 9 ⎝ 358 ⎠
Pu eq = Pu + M ux m + M uy mu
Edl Pu = bnÞújktamG½kSemKuNCak;Esþg
M ux = m:Um:g;emKuNeFobG½kS x
M uy = m:Um:g;emKuNeFobG½kS y
m = témøefrEdlmanenAkúñgtarag
n = témøefrEdlmanenAkúñgtarag
m = 2.1
Pu eq = 150 + 75(2.1) + 30(2.1)(2.03) = 435kips
m = 1.55
Pu eq = 150 + 75(1.55) + 30(1.55)(2.41) = 378kips < 397 kips (OK)
= 87.75 ft − kips
ebIeTaHbICaviFIEdleTIbnwgbgðajsRmab;eRCIserIsrUbragsakl,gqab;rkeXIjk¾eday k¾viFIEdl
manlkçN³smBaØCagenHRtUv)anesñIeLIgeday Yura (1988). bnÞúktamG½kSEdlsmmUlEdlRtUv)an
eRbIKW
2 M x 7.5M y
Pequiv = P +
d
+
b
¬^>%¦
Edl P = bnÞúktamG½kSemKuN
M x = m:Um:g;emKuNeFobG½kS x
M y = m:Um:g;emKuNeFobG½kS y
d = km<s;Fñwm
b = TTwgFñwm
rhUteT.
]TahrN_ 6>10³ rUbTI 6>18 bgðajBI single-story unbraced frame EdlrgnUvbÞúkefr bnÞúkGefrelI
dMbUl nigxül;. rUbTI 6>18 a bgðajBI service gravity load nig rUbTI6>18 b bgðajBI service wind
Fñwm-ssr 229 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
M lt = 0
A4-3: 1.2 D + 1.6 Lr + 0.8W
Pu = 1.2(14 ) + 1.6(26 ) + 08(− 9 + 1) = 52.0kips
M lt = 1.3(20 ) = 26 ft − kips
bnSMbnÞúk A4-3 pþl;nUvtémøFMCageK.
Part 3 of the Manual . BI Table 3-2 emKuNm:Um:g;Bt; m = 1.5 sRmab; W12 CamYynwg KL = 15 ft .
Pu eq = Pu + M ux m + M uy mu = 52.0 + 202.5(1.5) + 0 = 356kips
dUcenH KL = 15 ft lub
sakl,g W 12 × 53 . sRmab; braced condtition
K x L 1.0(15)(15)
= = 34.42
rx 5.23
π 2 EAg π 2 (29000 )(15.6)
Pe1x = = = 3769
(K x L / rx )2 (34.42)2
⎛M ⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞
C m = 0.6 − 0.4⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ = 0.6 − 0.4⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 0.6
⎝ M2 ⎠ ⎝ M2 ⎠
BI AISC Equation C1-2
Cm 0 .6
B1 = = = 0.608 < 1.0
1 − (Pu / Pe1 ) 1 − (52.0 / 3769 )
dUcenHeRbI B1 = 1.0
cMNaMfa B1 = 1.0 Catémøsnμt;dMbUg ehIyedaysarEt B2 minRtUv)anpøas;bþÚr enaHtémø
M u = 202.5 ft − kips Edl)anKNnaBIdMbUgk¾minRtUv)anpøas;bþÚrEdr. BI beam design chart in Part
φb M n = 262 ft − kips
sRmab;m:Um:g;Bt;EdlERbRbYlsmamaRtBIsUnüenAcugmçag eTAGtibrmaenAcugmçageTot
témørbs; Cb = 1.67 ¬emIlrUbTI 5>15 g¦. dUcenHtémøEdlEktRmUvén design moment KW
φb M n = 1.67(262) = 438 ft − kips
b:uEnþ m:Um:g;enHFMCag plastic moment capasity φb M p = 292 ft − kips / EdleKGacek)anenA
kñúg charts. dUcenH design strength RtUv)ankMNt;Rtwm
φb M n = φb M p = 292 ft − kips
kMNt;rUbmnþGnþrkmμEdlsmRsb
Pu 52
= = 0.1153 < 0.2
φc Pn 451
dUcenHeRbI AISC Equation H1-1b:
Pu ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞ 0.1153 ⎛ 202.5 ⎞
+⎜ + ⎟= +⎜ + 0 ⎟ = 0.751 < 1.0 (OK)
2φc Pn ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 2 ⎝ 292 ⎠
dUcenH KL = 15 ft lub
sRmab; braced condtition
K x L 1.0(15)(15)
= = 34.95
rx 5.15
π 2 EAg π 2 (29000 )(13.2 )
Pe1x = = = 3093
(K x L / rx )2 (34.95)2
BI AISC Equation C1-2,
Cm 0 .6
B1 = = = 0.610 < 1.0
1 − (Pu / Pe1 ) 1 − (52.0 / 3093)
dUcenHeRbI B1 = 1.0
BI beam design charts CamYynwg Lb = 15 ft m:Um:g;KNnasRmab; W12 × 45 CamYynwg
Cb = 1.0 KW
φb M n = 201 ft − kips
sRmab; Cb = 1.67
φb M n = 1.67(201) = 336 ft − kips > φb M p = 242.5 ft − kips
kMNt;rUbmnþGnþrkmμEdlsmRsb³
Pu 52.0
= = 0.1739 < 0.2
φc Pn 299
]TahrN_ 6>11³ rUbTI 6>21 bgðajBI parallel-chord roof trussEdl top chord RTédrENgenA
Rtg;tMN nigenARtg;cenøaHtMN. bnÞúkemKuNEdlbBa¢ÚnedayédrENgRtUv)anbgðaj. KNnamuxkat;
top chord. eRbIEdk A36 nigeRCIserIs structural tee Edlkat;ecjBI W-shape.
π 2 EAg π 2 (29000)(5.17 )
Pe1 = = = 318.3kips
(KL / r )2 (68.18)2
Cm 0.85
B1 = = = 1.185
1 − P1 / Pe1 1 − 90 / 318.3)
( ) (
m:Um:g;bEnßmKW
M u = B1M nt + B2 M lt = 1.185(3.0 ) + 0 = 3.555 ft − kips
RbsinebImuxkat;RtUv)ancat;fñak;Ca slender enaH nominal moment strength rbs; structural tee
nwgQrelI local buckling EtRbsinebImindUecñaHeT vanwgQrelI lateral-torsional buckling ¬emIl
AISC Equation F1.2c nig Epñk 5>14 kñúgesovePAenH¦. sRmab;søab
bf 6.560
λ= = = 6.308
2t f 2(0.520)
95 95
λr = = = 15.83 > λ
Fy 36
sRmab;RTnug
d 6.25
λ= = = 20.83
t w 0.300
127 127
λr = = = 21.17 > λ
Fy 26
sRmab;RTnug λ = td = 50..970
295
= 20.2 < λr = 21.17
w
edaysarkarBt;eFobnwgG½kSexSay
5.30(36 )
M n = M p = Z x Fy = = 15.9 ft − kips
12
RbQmnwgtémøGtibrmaén
Fñwm-ssr 239 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
1.5(36 )(2.95)
1.5M y = 1.5 Fy S x = = 13.28 ft − kips
12
edaysarEt M p > 1.5M y
φb M n = φb (1.5M y ) = 0.90(13.28) = 11.95 ft − kips
kMNt;rkrUbmnþGnþrkmμEdlRtUveRbI
Pu 90
= = 0.6767 > 0.2
φc Pn 133
dUcenHeRbI AISC Equation H1-1a:
Pu 8 ⎛ M ux M uy ⎞
⎟ = 0.6767 + 8 ⎛⎜ 3.705 + 0 ⎞⎟ = 0.952 < 1.0
+ ⎜ + (OK)
φc Pn 9 ⎜⎝ φb M nx φb M ny ⎟
⎠ 9 ⎝ 11.95 ⎠
cemøIy³ eRbI WT 6 × 20 .
VII. tMNsamBaØ
Simple Connections
7>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)
kartP¢ab;rbs;eRKOgbgÁúMEdkCaEpñkmYyEdlmansar³sMxan;bMput. kartP¢ab;Edlminman
lkçN³minRKb;RKan; EdleKGac[eQμaHfa “weak link” enAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúM GacbegáItnUvkar)ak;Ca
eRcInkrNI. kar)ak;rbs;Ggát;eRKOgbgÁúMKWkRmnwgekIteLIgNas; kar)ak;rbs;rcnasm<½n§PaKeRcInKW
bNþalmkBIkar KNnakartP¢ab; nigkarlMGitkartP¢ab;. bBaðaenHbNþalmkBIkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúg
karKNnakartP¢ab;. kñúgkrNIxøH kartP¢ab;minRtUv)anKNnaedayvisVkrEdlKNnaGgát;rbs;eRKOg
bgÁúMeT EtvaRtUv)anpþl;[edayplitkrEdlpÁt;pÁg;smÖar³sRmab;KMerageTAvij. b:uEnþvisVkreRKOgbgÁúM
Edlplitbøg;KNna CaGñkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarKNnaTaMgGs;rYmTaMgkartP¢ab;. kñúgkrNIEdltMN
RtUv)anKNnaedayvisVkrepSgeTot epSgBIvisVkrEdlKNnaGgát;eRKOgbgÁúM dUcenHeKRtUvkarvisVkr
EdlmanCMnajc,as;las;kñúgkarKNnakartP¢ab;.
karyl;dwgBIkarRbRBwtþeTArbs;vamansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;karvaytémøersIusþg; nigkarCYsCulnUv
sMNg;TaMgenaH. karKNna nigkarviPaKtMNrIevmanlkçN³RsedogKñanwgtMNb‘ULúgFmμtaEdr Etvaxus
KñaRtg;lkçN³smÖar³Etb:ueNÑaH.
tMNpSarmanGtßRbeyaCn_eRcInCagtMNb‘ULúg. kartP¢ab;edaykarpSarmanlkçN³samBaØ nig
RtUvkarrn§ticCagtMNb‘ULúg. kartP¢ab;EdlmanlkçN³sμúKsμajCamYynwgeRKOgP¢ab;GacmanlkçN³
gayRsYlCamYynwgkarpSar dUckrNIkñúgrUbTI 7>1. muneBlEdlkarpSarmanlkçN³eBjniym kar
dMeLIgrUbrag built-up RbePTenHRtUv)anplitedayrIev. edIm,IP¢ab;bnÞHEdksøabeTAnwgbnÞHEdkRTnug
EdkEkg (angle shape) RtUv)aneRbIedIm,IbMElgbnÞúkcenøaHFatuTaMgBIr. RbsinebIeKbEnßmbnÞHEdkBIelI
mYyeTot enaHplitplsMercnwgmanlkçN³kan;EtsμúKsμaj. b:uEnþkartP¢ab;edaykarpSarmanlkçN³
gayRsYlCag. b:uEnþsRmab;tMNpSar eKRtUvkarkmμkrCMnajxagpSar ehIyvaBi)akkñúgkarGegát nig
cMNayR)ak;eRcIn. EtKuNvibtþienHeKGacedaHRsay)anedaykarpSarenAkñúgeragCagCMnYs[kar
pSarenAkardæanenARKb;eBlEdlGaceFVIeTA)an. enAeBlEdlkartP¢ab;eFVIeLIgedaybnSMénkarpSar nig
b‘ULúg enaHeKeRcInpSarenAeragCag ehIycab;b‘ULúgenAkardæan. sRmab; single-plate beam-to-
column connectioction EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7>2 bnÞHEdkRtUv)anpSarP¢ab;eTAnwgsøabrbs;ssrenA
eragCag ehIycab;b‘ULúgCamYynwgRTnugrbs;FñwmenAkardæan.
edIm,IBicarNaBIkarRbRBwtþeTAénRbePTepSg²rbs;tMN eKRtUvEbgEckvaeTAtamRbePTénkar
dak;bnÞúk. rUbTI 7>3 a bgðajBI tension member lap splice EdlmaneRKOgP¢ab;rgnUvkmøaMgkat;. dUc
Kña tMNpSarenAkñúgrUbTI 7>3 b RtUvTb;Tl;nwgkmøaMgkat;TTwg. tMNrbs; bracket eTAnwgsøabssr
T.Chhay 242 Simple Connections
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
enAeBlEdlkmøaMgkñúgeRKOgP¢ab;mYy b¤kmøaMgkñúgmYyÉktþaRbEvgrbs;TwkbnSarRtUv)ankMNt;
vaCaerOgmYyEdlgayRsYlkñúgkarkMNt;PaBRKb;RKan;rbs;tMN. karkMNt;enHQrelIeKalkarN_én
tMNsamBaØ 243 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
*
Cak;EsþgvamancMNakp©ittUcenAkñúgtMNTaMgBIrenH EtvaRtUv)anecal
T.Chhay 244 Simple Connections
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
P P
fv = =
A πd 2 / 4
Edl P CabnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIeRKOgP¢ab;nImYy² A CaRkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;eRKOgP¢ab; nig d CaGgát;
p©itrbs;va. enaHbnÞúkenHGacsresrCa
P = fv A
eTaHbICakardak;bnÞúkkñúgkrNIenHmincMcMNucl¥k¾eday k¾cMNakp©itmantémøtUcEdlGacecal)an. kar
tenAkñúgrUbTI 7>4 b manlkçN³RsedogKña EtkarviPaKdüaRkamGgÁesrIrbs;eRKOgP¢ab;bgðajfamuxkat;
nImYy²rgEtBak;kNþalbnÞúksrub b¤eKGacniyayfamuxkat;TaMgBIrTb;Tl;nUvkmøaMgsrub. kñúgkrNIenH
kmøaMg P = 2 f v A ehIybnÞúkenHRtUv)aneKehAfa double shear. karbEnßmbnÞHenAkñúgkartnwgbegáIn
cMnYnbøg;kat; ehIyvanwgkat;bnßykmøaMgenAkúñgbøg;nmI Yy². b:uEnþ vanwgbegáInRbEvgrbs;eRKOgP¢ab; ehIy
vanwgrgkugRtaMgBt;.
rebobénkadac;mYyeTotsRmab; shear connection Bak;B½n§nwgkardac;rbs;EpñkEdlRtUv)an
P¢ab; ehIyCaTUeTAvaRtUv)anEbgEckCaBIrEpñk³
!> kardac;EdlbNþalBI karTaj kmøaMgkat; b¤m:Um:g;Bt;FMenAkñúgEpñkEdlRtUvtP¢ab;. RbsinebI
Ggát;rgkarTajRtUv)antP¢ab; kmøaMgTajelI gross area nig effective net area RtUv)anGegát.
GaRs½ynwgrUbragénkartP¢ab; block shear k¾RtUv)anBicarNa. eKk¾RtUvRtYtBinitü block shear enA
kñúgkartP¢ab; beam-to-column ¬Edlmanerobrab;enAkñúgCMBUkTI 3 nigTI5 ehIyvak¾RtUv)anerobrab;enA
kñúg AISC J4.3¦. GaRs½ynwgRbePTénkartP¢ab; nigkardak;bnÞúk ral;kartP¢ab;eTAnwg gusset plate
nig framing angle TamTarnUvkarviPaKsRmab; kugRtaMgkat; kugRtaMgTaj kugRtaMgBt; nig block shear.
karKNnakartP¢ab;rbs;Ggát;rgkarTajRtUv)aneFVIeLIgRsbKñaCamYynwgkarKNnaGgát;rgkarTajBI
eRBaHdMeNIrkarTaMgBIrenHTak;TgKñaeTAvijeTAmk.
@> kardac;rbs;EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;edaysar bearing EdlbegáIteLIgedayeRKOgP¢ab;. RbsinebI
RbehagmanTMhMFMCageRKOgP¢ab;bnþicbnþÜc ehIyeRKOgP¢ab;RtUv)ansnμt;faRtUv)andak;y:agENnenAkñúg
Rbehag épÞb:HrvageRKOgP¢ab; nigEpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;nwgekItmaneRcInCagBak;kNþalénbrimaRtrbs;
eRKOgP¢ab;enAeBlEdlbnÞúkGnuvtþ. krNIenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7>5. kugRtaMgnwgERbRbYlBI
GtibrmaenARtg; A eTAsUnüenARtg; B . edIm,IgayRsYl eKeRbIkugRtaMgmFümEdlRtUv)anKNna
edayEckkmøaMgnwgépÞRbeyalb:H.
tMNsamBaØ 245 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
P = f p dt
Lc = cm¶ayBIRCugEKRmbs;RbehageTAcugrbs;EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;
t = kRmas;rbs;EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;
ersIusþg;srubKW
Rn = 2(0.6 Fu Lc t ) = 1.2 Fu Lc t ¬&>!¦
kmøaMgkat; tear-out enHekItmanenAxagcugrbs;EpñkEdlRtUvtP¢ab; dUcEdlbgðaj b¤enAcenøaH
rn§BIrkñúgTisedAén bearing load. edIm,IkarBarsac;lUtFMrbs;Rbehag eKRtUvkMNt;EdnkMNt;x<s;bMput
rbs; bearing load Edl[edaysmIkar &>!. EdkkMNt;enHsmamaRteTAnwg fracture stress KuNnwg
bearing area b¤
t= Ggát;rbs;EpñkEdlRtUvtP¢ab;
φ = 0.75
nig Rn = 1.2 Lc tFu ≤ 2.4dtFu ¬RCSC Equation LRFD 4.3¦
Edl Lc = clear distance enAkñúgTisRsbnwgbnÞúkEdlGnuvtþ BIcg u énrn§b‘ULúgeTARCugEKmrbs;rn§Edl
enAEk,r b¤eTARCugEKmrbs;smÖar³.
t = kRmas;rbs;eRKOgP¢ab;
d = Ggát;p©itb‘ULúg ¬minEmnGgát;p©itrbs;RbehageT¦
RCSC Equation LRFD 4.3 mantémøsRmab; standard, oversized, short-slotted and long
slotted holes CamYynwg slot EdlRsbeTAnwgbnÞúk. eyIgeRbIEt standard holes enAkñúgesovePAenH
sRmab; single- nig double-angle shapes CaTUeTA gage distances RtUv)an[enAkñúg Part 9 of
the Manual, Volume II (emIlEpñk 3>6)EdlGaceRbICMnYs[témøGb,brma.
13
Lc = s − h = 2.5 − = 1.688in.
16
φRn = φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) ≤ φ (2.4dtFu )
⎛1⎞
φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) = 0.75(1.2)(1.688)⎜ ⎟(58) = 44.06kips
⎝2⎠
φ (2.4dtFu ) = 39.15kips < 44.06kips
dUcenHyk φRn = 39.15kips / bolt
sRmab;Ggát;rgkarTaj bearing strength KW
φRn = 2(22.02) + 2(39.15) = 122kips > 65kips (OK)
sRmab; gusset plat nigrn§EdlenAEk,rRCugEKmrbs;bnÞHCageK
h 13 / 16
Lc = Le − = 1.25 − = 0.8438in.
2 2
φRn = φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) ≤ φ (2.4dtFu )
⎛3⎞
φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) = 0.75(1.2)(0.8438)⎜ ⎟(58) = 16.52kips
⎝8⎠
⎛ 3 ⎞⎛ 3 ⎞
φ (2.4dtFu ) = 0.75(2.4)⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟(58)
⎝ 4 ⎠⎝ 8 ⎠
= 29.36kips > 16.52kips
dUcenHyk φRn = 16.52kips / bolt
sRmab;rn§déTeTot
13
Lc = s − h = 2.5 − = 1.688in.
16
φRn = φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) ≤ φ (2.4dtFu )
⎛3⎞
φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) = 0.75(1.2)(1.688)⎜ ⎟(58) = 33.04kips
⎝8⎠
⎛ 3 ⎞⎛ 3 ⎞
φ (2.4dtFu ) = 0.75(2.4)⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟(58) = 29.36kips < 33.04kips
⎝ 4 ⎠⎝ 8 ⎠
dUcenHyk φRn = 33.04kips
bearing strength sRmab; gusset plate KW
shear strength KW
Rn = Fv Ab
Edl Fv = ultimate shearing stress
[ nominal strength
Rn = Fv Ab = 24 Ab
Shear strength: vaCakrNI single shear ehIy design shear strength rbs;b‘ULúgmYyKW
φRn = φFv Ab = 0.75(24 Ab )
Nominal bolt area KW
πd 2 π (3 / 4)2
Ab = = = 0.4418in 2
4 4
dUcenH design shear strength sRmab;b‘ULúgmYyKW
φRn = 0.75(24 )(0.4418) = 7.952kips
sRmab;b‘ULúgBIrKW
φRn = 2(7.952) = 15.9kips
Bearing strength: edaysarcm¶ayeTARCugEKRmbs;Ggát;rgkarTaj nigrbs; gusset plate dUcKña enaH
beaing strength rbs; gusset plate nwglub BIeRBaHkRmas;rbs;vaesþIgCagkRmas;rbs;Ggát;rgkarTaj.
2.667( 3
4 ) = 2in. .
cemøIy³ edayQrelI shear nig bearing, design strength rbs;tMNKW 15.9kips . ¬cMNaMfa sßanPaB
kMNat;déTepSgeTotEdlminTan;)anRtYtBinitüdUcCa kugRtaMgTajenAelI net area rbs;Ggát;Gacnwg
CaGñkkMNt; design strength¦.
eKalbMNgEdleKRtUvkarkmøaMgTajFMEbbenHKWedIm,ITTYl)ankmøaMgrwtEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7>12.
b‘ULúgEbbenHRtUv)aneKehAfa fully tensioned.
enAeBlEdlex©ARtUv)anmYlP¢ab;eTAnwgb‘ULúg EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;rgnUvkmøaMgsgát; ehIyb‘ULúglUt.
düaRkaGgÁesrI (free body diagram) enAkñúgrUbTI 7>12 a bgðajfakmøaMgsgát;srubEdlmanGMeBIelI
EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;esμInwgkmøaMgTajenAkñúgb‘ULúg. RbsinebIeKGnuvtþkmøaMgxageRkA P kmøaMgkkitnwg
ekItmanenAcenøaHEpñkP¢ab;. kmøaMgGtibrmaEdlGacekItmanKW
F = μN
kardMeLIg (Installation)
etIeKTTYl)ankmøaMgTajFMEdlmanPaBsuRkitedayrebobNa? bc©úb,nñeKmanviFIsaRsþEdl
GnuBaØat[cMnYnbYnsRmab;kardMeLIgb‘ULúgersIusþg;x<s; (RCSC, 1994).
!> Turn-of-the-nut method. viFIenHQrelIlkçN³bnÞúk-kMhUcRTg;RTay (load-deforma-
tion characteristic) rbs;eRKOgP¢ab; nigEpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;. ex©AEdlmYlP¢ab;eTAnwgb‘ULúgGaceFVI[
nwgkmøaMgTajenAkñúgb‘ULúg.
A325 − X .
tarag 7>1
Nominal shear strength
eRKOgP©ab; Rn = Fv Ab
US IS
A325 / eFμjenAkñúgbøg;kat; 48 Ab 330 Ab
1 7 1 15
h=d+ = + = in.
16 8 16 16
RtYtBinitü bearing EdlekItmanTaMgelI Ggát;rgkarTaj nig gusset plate. sRmab;Ggát;rgkarTaj
nigb‘ULúgEdlenAEk,rRCugEKmCageKrbs;Ggát;
h 15 / 16
Lc = Le − = 1.25 − = 0.7812in.
2 2
2d = 2(7 / 8) = 1.75in.
edaysar Lc < 2d
⎛1⎞
φRn = φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) = 0.75(1.2)(0.7812)⎜ ⎟(65) = 22.85kips
⎝2⎠
sRmab;RbehagepSgeTot
15
Lc = s − h = 2.75 − = 1.812in. > 2d
16
⎛ 7 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
dUcenH φRn = φ (2.4dtFu ) = 0.75(2.4)⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟(65) = 51.19kips
⎝ 8 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠
Bearing strength sRmab;Ggát;rgkarTajKW
φRn = 22.85 + 2(51.19) = 125kips
KNna bearing strength rbs; gusset plate. sRmab;rn§EdlenAEk,rRCugEKRmbs; gusset CageK
h 15 / 16
Lc = Le − = 1.5 − = 1.031in. < 2d
2 2
⎛3⎞
dUcenH φRn = φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) = 0.75(1.2)(1.031)⎜ ⎟(65) = 22.62kips
⎝8⎠
sRmab;RbehagdéTeTot
15
Lc = s − h = 2.75 − = 1.812in. > 2d
16
⎛ 7 ⎞⎛ 3 ⎞
dUcenH φRn = φ (2.4dtFu ) = 0.75(2.4)⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟(65) = 38.39kips
⎝ 8 ⎠⎝ 8 ⎠
Bearing strength rbs; gusset plate KW
φRn = 22.62 + 2(38.92) = 99.4kips
Gusset plate man strength tUcCag dUcenH bearing strength sRmab;tMNKW
φRn = 99.4kips
RtYtBinitü tensile strength rbs;Ggát;rgkarTaj.
Tension on the gross atea:
⎛ 1⎞
φt Pn = φt Fy Ag = 0.90(50)⎜ 3 × ⎟ = 67.5kips
⎝ 2⎠
Tension on the net area: muxkat;TaMgGs;rbs;Ggát;RtUv)antP¢ab; dUcenHvaminman shear lag eT
dUcenHeyIg)an Ae = An . eRbIGgát;Rbehag
1 7 1
h = d + = + = 1.0in.
8 8 8
Design strength KW
φt Pn = φt Fu Ae = φt Fu t (wg − ∑ h ) = 0.75(65)⎜ ⎟[3 − 1(1.0)] = 48.8kips
⎛1⎞
⎝2⎠
karTajenAelI net section mantémøtUcCageK
cemøIy³ Design strength rbs;tMNKW 48.8kips
FMCagkmøaMgkkit. sRmab; bearing-type connection eKGnuBØat[man slip ehIy shear nig bearing
ekIteLIgFmμta. enAkñúgRbePTeRKOgbgÁúMxøH CaBiesss<an kmøaMgEdlmanGMeBIelItMNGacekIteLIgCa
lkçN³xYb. kñúgkrNIEbbenH fatigue rbs;eRKOgP¢ab;GackøayCaeRKaHfñak;RbsinebIeKGnuBaØat[man
slip rYmCamYynwgkarekIteLIgsarcuHsareLIg enaHeKRtUvRtYtBinitü slip-critical connec-tion. enAkñúg
N b = cMnYnb‘ULúgenAkñúgtMN
sRmab;b‘ULúgbYnRKab;
φRn = 4(15.90) = 63.60kips
Slip-critical strength: edaysareKminGnuBaØat[man slip enaHkartP¢ab;enHRtUv)ancat;Ca slip-
13
Lc = s − h = 3 − = 2.188in. > 2d
16
dUcenH φRn = φ (2.4dtFu ) = 29.36kips / bolt
Bearing strength sRmab;kartMNKW
b:unμanRKab;? G½kSrbs;b‘ULúgnImYy²EdlbgðajKWCaCYrrbs;b‘ULúgkñúgTisTTwgrbs;bnÞHEdk.
π (5 / 8)2
Ab = = 0.3068in.2
4
snμt;fa eFμjb‘ULúgsßitenAkúñgbøg;kat;. enaH design strength sRmab;b‘ULúgmYyKW
φRn = φFv Ab × 2planes of shear = 0.75(48)(0.3068)(2) = 22.09kips
Bearing: Beating force enAelIGgát;rgkarTajkRmas; 5 / 8in. nwgFMCag bearing force enAelI splice
plate kRmas; 1 / 4in. nImYy² BIrdg. edaysarbnÞúksrubenAelI splice plates esμInwgbnÞúkenAelIGgát;
cMnYnb‘ULúgEdlRtUvkar =
total load
load per bolt
70
= = 3.17bolts
22.09
cemøIy³ eRbIb‘ULúgbYn EdlkñúgmYyCYrmanBIrRKab; enAelIRCugnImYy²rbs; splice. b‘ULúgcMnYn R)aMbI
RKab;GacRtUvkarsRmab;kartP¢ab;enH.
dMeNaHRsay³ kMNt;lT§PaBrbs;b‘ULúgeTal
kmøaMgkat;TTwg³
π (7 / 8)2
Ab = = 0.6013in.2
4
φRn = φFv Ab = 0.75(48)(0.6013) = 21.65kips
bearing ³ edaysarkRmas;rbs; gusset plate esþIgCaRTnugrbs;Edk channel dUcenH bearing
strength rbs; gusset plate nwgtUcCagEdk channel. snμt;faRbEvg Lc EdlRsbnwgkmøaMgEdl
kRmas;esþIgCag¦.
Shear areas:
Agv = (2.5 + 2.5 + 1.125)(2) = 4.594in.2
3
8
[
φRn = φ 0.6 Fu Anv + Fy Agt ]
= 0.75[0.6(58)(3.469 ) + 36(1.125)] = 0.75[120.7 + 40.50] = 120.9kips
edayeRbIKMlat nigRbEvgeTARCugEKmEdl)ankMNt; dUcenHRbEvgGb,brmaKW
h = 1.125 + 2 × 3 + 1.125 = 8.5in
cemøIy³ eRbIkartP¢ab;lMGitEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7>19.
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúkemKuNEdlRtUvTb;Tl;KW
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(8) + 1.6(22 ) = 44.8kips
edaysarTMhMb‘ULúg nigkarteRmobb‘ULúgCH\T§iBldl; net area rbs;Ggát;rgkarTaj eyIgnwgcab;epþIm
CamYynwgkareRCIserIsb‘ULúg. yuT§saRsþKWkareRCIserIssRmab;karsakl,g/ kMNt;cMnYnb‘ULúgEdlRtUv
kar/ rYcbnÞab;mksakl,gTMhMepSgeTotRbsinebITMhMEdl)ansakl,gFMeBk b¤tUceBk. Ggát;p©itb‘U
LúgsßitenAcenøaHBI 1/ 2in. ≈ 13mm eTA 1 12 in. ≈ 38mm edayekIneLIgmþg 1 / 8in. ≈ 3mm
sakl,gb‘ULúg 5 / 8in. . Nominal bolt area KW
π (5 / 8)2
Ab = = 0.3068in.2
4
Shear strength KW
φRn = φFv Ab = 0.75(48)Ab = 0.75(48)(0.3068)
= 11.04kips / bolt¬edaysnμt;faeFμjsßitenAkñúgbøg;kat;¦
edayeKminGnuBaØat[man slip dUcenHkartP¢ab;enHCa slip-critical. eyIgsnμt;épÞ Class A ehIy
sRmab;b‘ULúgGgát;p©it 5 / 8in. kmøaMgTajGb,brmaKW Tm = 19kips ¬BI AISC Table J3.1). BI RCSC
Equation LRFD 5.3, slip critical strength sRmab;b‘ULúgeTalKW
requiredAe
An =
U
BIkarteRmobb‘ULúgEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7>22/ CamYynwgb‘ULúgeRcInCagBIrkñúgTisénkmøaMgEdlGnuvtþ
témømFümrbs; U BI Commentary to the AISC Specification KW 0.85 . ¬enAeBlEdleKeRCIserIs
Ggát;rYcehIy eKGackMNt;témø U CamYynwg AISC Equation B3-2¦. dUcenH
0.9190
An ≥ = 1.08in.2
0.85
Agv =
1
(1.5 + 9) = 2.625in.2
4
Anv = [1.5 + 9 − 3.5(1.0 )] = 1.750in.2
1
4
¬Ggát;p©itRbehagmancMnYn 3.5 ¦
tMNsamBaØ 275 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Tension area KW
Agt =
1
(1.5) = 0.3750in.2
4
Ant = [1.5 − 0.5(1.0 )] = 0.25in.2
1
4
¬Ggát;p©itRbehagmancMnYn 0.5 ¦
AISC Equation J4-3a [
[
φRn = φ 0.6 Fy Agv + Fu Ant ]
= 0.75[0.6(50 )(2.625) + 65(0.25)] = 0.75(78.75 + 16.25) = 71.2kips
AISC Equation J4-3b [
[
φRn = φ 0.6 Fu Anv + Fy Agt ]
= 0.75[0.6(65)(1.75) + 50(0.375)] = 0.75(68.25 + 18.75) = 65.2kips
smIkar J4-3bmantY fracture FMCag dUcenHsmIkarenHlub. dUcenH block shear strength KW
φRn = 65.2kips > Pu = 44.8kips (OK)
A = RkLaépÞmuxkat;
E = m:UDuleGLasÞic
dUcenHbERmbRmYlkmøaMgenAkñúgb‘ULúgEdlRtUvKñaeTAnwgkMhUcRTg;RTay δ b KW
A E δ
ΔT = b b b
Lb
¬&>^¦
BIsmIkar &>% eKTTYl)anbERmbRmYlkmøaMg N
A fl E fl δ fl
ΔN =
L fl
¬&>&¦
Edl L fl CakRmas;rbs;søab. RbsinEpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab; ¬søabTaMgBIr¦ enAb:HKña kMhUcRTg;RTayrbs;
b‘ULúg δ b nigkMhUcRTg;RTaysøab δ fl nwgesμIKña. edaysar E fl esÞIresμInwg Eb (Bickford, 1981),
ehIy A fl FMCag Ab
A fl E fl δ fl A E δ
>> b b b
L fl Lb
dUcenH ΔN >> ΔT
pleFob ΔN elI ΔT sßitenAcenøaHBI 0.05 eTA 0.1 (Kulak, Fisher, nig Struik, 1987). dUcenH ΔT
minRtUvFMCag 0.1ΔN EdlbgðajfakmøaMgEdlGnuvtþPaKeRcInKWbn§ÚrkmøaMgsgát;rbs;EpñkEdlRtUvtP¢ab;.
KNnakmøaMgEdlRtUvkaredIm,IeFVI[EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;XøatecjBIKña emIlrUbTI 7>27. enAeBlEdlEpñk
TaMgBIrXøatecjBIKña
T =F
b¤ To + ΔT = F ¬&>*¦
enAeBlEdlCitdl;cMNucEdlRtUvXøatKña sac;lUtrbs;b‘ULúg nigKMlatrbs;søabKWesμIKña
A E A E
ΔT = b b δ b = b b δ fl
Lb Lb
¬&>(¦
Edl δ fl CakMhUcRTg;RTayEdlRtUvKñanwgkmøaMgsgát;edIm N o . BIsmIkar &>$
N o L fl
δ fl =
A fl E fl
Prying Action
sRmab;kartP¢ab;PaKeRcInEdleRKOgP¢ab;rgkmøaMgTaj kMhUcRTg;RTayrbs;EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;
GacbegáInkmøaMgTajEdlGnuvtþeTAelIeRKOgP¢ab;. RbePT hanger connection Edl)anerobrab;xag
elICaRbePTkartP¢ab;EdlmanlkçN³eFVIkardUcEdl)anerobrab;. kmøaMgTajbEnßmRtUv)aneKehAfa
prying force ehIyRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 7>28 EdlrUbenHbgðajBIkmøaMgenAelIGgÁesrIrbs;
hanger. muneBlEdlbnÞúkxageRkAGnuvtþ kmøaMgsgát;Ekg (normal compressive force) N o RbmUl
BIrUbTI 7>29 c
M b − b = Qa ¬&>!!¦
cugeRkay/ kmøaMglMnwgRtUvkarKW
Bc = T + Q ¬&>!@¦
smIkarlMnwgTaMgbIenHGacbBa©ÚlKñaedIm,ITTYl)ansmIkareTalsRmab;kmøaMgb‘ULúgsrub EdlrYmbBa©Úl
TaMg\T§iBl prying force. dMbUgeyIgkMNt;Gefr α CapleFobrvagm:Um:g;kñúgmYyÉktþaRbEvgtam
beNþayG½kSb‘ULúgelIm:Um:g;kñúgmYyÉktþaRbEvgenARtg;épÞKl;. sRmab;G½kSb‘ULúg/ RbEvgCa net length,
dUcenH
/ ( p − d ') M b − b ⎛ ⎞ M b −b
M
α = b −b
M a−a / p
= ⎜⎜
1
⎟=
M a − a ⎝ 1 − d ' / p ⎟⎠ δM a − a
¬&>!#¦
Edl p = RbEvgrgsMBaFrbs;søabsRmab;b‘ULúgmYy ¬emIlrUbTI 7>29 a¦
d ' = Ggát;p©itrbs;Rbehagb‘ULúg
d' net area at bolt line
δ = 1− =
p gross area at web face
(
M a − a = design strength at a − a = φb M p = φb pt 2f F y / 4 )
T.Chhay 282 Simple Connections
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
Tb'− M a − a = M b − b
Edl b' RtUv)anCMnYs[ b . BIsmIkar &>!#
Tb'− M a − a = δαM a − a ¬&>!&¦
[ M a − a esμInwg design strength eKTTYl)an
pt 2f F y
M a − a = φb M p = φb
4
Edl t f CakRmas;søabEdlRtUvkar. CMnYs M a − a eTAkñúgsmIkar &>!& eyIgTTYl)an
4Tb'
tf =
φb pFy (1 + δα )
Edl φb = 0.90
tf =
4.444Tb'
pF y (1 + δα )
¬&>!*¦
karKNnakartP¢ab;EdlrgnUv prying action CatMeNIrkarKNna trial-and-error. enAeBl
eRCIserIsTMhM nigcMnYnrbs;b‘ULúg eyIgRtUvEtKiteRtomTuksRmab; prying force. kareRCIserIskRmas;
tee mankarlM)akCagedaysarvaTak;TgeTAnwgkareRCIserIsb‘ULúg nigTMhM tee. eKGaceRbI Prelimi-
nary Hanger Connection Selection Table EdlmanenAkñúg Part 11 of the Manual sRmab;CYy
M b − b = Tb'− M a − a
BIsmIkar &>!#/
M b −b
α=
δM a − a
Tb'− M a − a Tb' / M a − a − 1
= =
δM a − a δ
eday[ M a − a esμIwTAnwg design moment eK)an
⎛ pt 2 F ⎞
⎜ f y⎟
M a − a = φb M p = 0.90⎜ ⎟
⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Tb'
−1
0.90 pt 2f F y / 4 ⎛ ⎞
1 ⎜ 4.444Tb' ⎟
enaH α=
δ
= ⎜
δ ⎜ pt 2 Fy
− 1⎟ ¬&>!(¦
⎟
⎝ f ⎠
eKGacrkkmøaMgb‘ULúgsrubBIsmIkar &>!%
dMeNaHRsay³ RkLaépÞb‘ULúgKW
π (7 / 8)2
Ab = = 0.6013in.2
4
ehIy design strength rbs;b‘ULúgmYyKW
B = φRn = φFt Ab = 0.75(90 )(0.6013) = 40.59kips
⎛ ⎞
1 ⎜ 4.444Tb' ⎟ 1 ⎡ 4.444(22.5)(1.988) ⎤
α= ⎜ 2 − 1⎟ = ⎢ − 1⎥ = 0.3848
δ ⎜ pt F y ⎟ 0.75 ⎣⎢ 4(1.035)2 (36 ) ⎦⎥
⎝ f ⎠
BIsmIkar &>!%/ kmøaMgb‘ULúgsrub edayKitTaMg prying force KW
⎡ δα b' ⎤
Bc = T ⎢1 + ⎥
⎣ (1 + δα ) a ' ⎦
⎡ 0.75(0.3848) ⎛ 1.988 ⎞⎤
= 22.5⎢1 + ⎜ ⎟⎥ = 25.39kips
⎣ 1 + 0.75(0.3848) ⎝ 3.468 ⎠⎦
Prying force KW
Q = Bc − T = 25.39 − 22.5 = 2.89kips
cemøIy³ WT10.5 × 66 RKb;RKan;. eRbIb‘ULúg A325 Ggát;p©it 7 / 8in.
bnSMkmøaMgkat; nigkmøaMgTajEdlGacTTYlyk)anKWvaCYbKñaRtg;kEnøgEdlsßitenABIeRkamExS
ekag. enHCatRmUvkarrbs; RCSC Specification Edl
2 2
⎡ Pu ⎤ ⎡ Vu ⎤
⎢ ⎥ +⎢ ⎥ ≤ 1 .0 (RCSC Equation LRFD 4.2)
⎣⎢ (φRn )t ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ (φRn )v ⎦⎥
N b = cMnYnb‘ULúgenAkñúgtMN
RtUv)anEkERbedIm,IGnuvtþsRmab;viFIepSgeTot.
]TahrN_ 7>10³ eKeRbI WT10.5 × 31 Ca bracket edIm,IbBa¢Ún service load 60kips eTAssr
W 14 × 90 dUcEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgrUUbTI 7>31. bnÞúkpSMeLIgedaybnÞúkefr 15kips nigbnÞúkGefr
45kips . eKeRbIb‘ULúg A325 Ggát;p©it 7 / 8in. cMnYn 4 RKab;. TaMgssr nig bracket eFVIBIEdk A36 .
54
Vu = = 13.5kips
4
π (7 / 8) 2
nig Ab =
4
= 0.6013in. 2
KW
φRstr = φ (1.13μTm N b N s )
BI AISC Table J3.1, kmøaMgTajsRmab;b‘ULúg A325 Ggát;p©it 7 / 8in. KW
Tm = 39kips
RbsinebIeyIgsnμt;épÞb:HCa Class A, slip coefficent KW μ = 0.33 nigsRmab;b‘ULúgbYnRKab;
φRstr = φ (1.13μTm N b N s ) = 1.0(1.13)(0.33)(39)(4)(1) = 58.17kips
T.Chhay 290 Simple Connections
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
kartP¢ab;edayb‘ULúgEdlrgnUvkmøaMgkat;TTwg nigkmøaMgTajGacRtUv)anKNnaedaypÞal;. eK
GaceRbI RCSC Equation 4.2 edIm,IedaHRsayTMhMb‘ULúgdUcxageRkam³
2 2 2 2
⎡ Pu ⎤ ⎡ Vu ⎤ ⎛ Pu ⎞ ⎛ Vu ⎞
⎢ ⎥ +⎢ ⎥ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎣⎢ (φRn )t ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ (φRn )v ⎦⎥ ⎝ φFt ∑ Ab ⎠ ⎝ φFv ∑ Ab ⎠
2 2
⎛P ⎞ 1 ⎛V ⎞ 1
= ⎜⎜ u ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ u ⎟⎟
⎝ φFt ⎠ (∑ Ab )2 ⎝ φFv ⎠ (∑ Ab )2
Edl Pu =kmøaMgTajsrubenAelItMN
Ft = ultimate tensile stress rbs;b‘ULúg
Vu = kmøaMgkat;TTwgsrubenAelItMN
∑ Ab = RkLaépÞmuxkat;b‘ULúgsrub
]TahrN_ 7>11³ tMNEdlrgbnÞúkcMp©itrgnUv service load shear force 50kips nig service tensile
force 100kips . bnÞúk
CabnÞúkefr nig 75% CabnÞúkGefr. eRKOgP¢ab;rgnUv single shear
25%
eRkam³
¬!¦ bearing-type connection CamYynwgeFμjsßitenAkñúgbøg;kat;
¬@¦ slip-critical connection CamYynwgeFμjsßitenAkñúgbøg;kat;
épÞb:HTaMgGs;man clean mill scale.
karKNnaenHmin)anBicarNa prying action sMxan;eT.
dMeNaHRsay³ kmøaMgkat;TTwgemKuN = 1.2[0.25(50)] + 1.6[0.75(50)] = 75kips
kmøaMgTajemKuN = 1.2[0.25(100)] + 1.6[0.75(100)] = 150kips
¬!¦ sRmab; bearing-type connection CamYynwgeFμjsßitenAkñúgbøg;kat; smIkar &>@0 [
2 2 2
⎛P ⎞ ⎛V ⎞ ⎡ 150 ⎤ ⎡ 75 ⎤
∑ Ab ≥ ⎜⎜ u ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ u ⎟⎟ = ⎢ ⎥ +⎢ ⎥ = 3.046in.2
⎝ φFt ⎠ ⎝ φFv ⎠ ⎣ 0.75(90) ⎦ ⎣ 0.75(48)⎦
RkLaépÞrbs;muxkat;eTalKW
π (3 / 4 )2
Ab = = 0.4418in.2
4
dUcenHcMnYnb‘ULúgEdlRtUvkarKW
∑ Ab 3.046
= = 6.89
Ab 0.4418
sakl,gb‘ULúg 7 RKab; ehIyRtYtBinitü bearing:
φRn = φ (2.4dtFu ) × 7
⎛ 7 ⎞⎛ 5 ⎞
= 0.75(2.4)⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟(58)(7 ) = 171kips > 75kips
⎝ 8 ⎠⎝ 16 ⎠
¬eKminRtUvkarRtYtBinitüKMlat nigcm¶ayeTARCugEKmsRmab;karKNnacugeRkayeT¦
cemøIy³ eRbIb‘ULúg 7 RKab;. ¬RbsinebIeKerobb‘ULúgCaBIrCYr enaHeRbIb‘ULúg 8 RKab;edIm,IPaBsIuemRTI¦
¬@¦ sRmab; slip-critical connection, slip-critical strength Edl[eday RCSC Equation LRFD
RtUv)anKuNedayemKuNkat;bnßyrbs; AISC Equation A-J3-2:
⎛ ⎞
φRstr = φ (1.13μTm N b N s )⎜⎜1 −
Tu
1.13T N ⎟
⎟ ¬&>@!¦
⎝ m b⎠
BI AISC Table J3.1, sRmab;b‘ULúg A325 Ggát;p©it 3 / 4in. / Tm = 28kips . CMnYs Tm eTAkñúgsmIkar
&>@!/ eyIg)an
⎛ Tu ⎞
φRstr = φ (1.13μTm N b N s )⎜⎜1 − ⎟⎟
⎝ 1.13Tm N b ⎠
⎡ ⎤
= 1.0(1.13)(0.33)(28)(N b )(1)⎢1 −
150
⎥
⎣ 1.13(28)N b ⎦
⎛ 4.741 ⎞
= 10.44⎜⎜1 − ⎟ = 10.44( N b − 4.741)
⎝ N b ⎟⎠
N b = 11.9
edaysarb‘ULúg 7 RKab;RKb;RKan;sRmab; shear, bearing nig tension dUcenHeKminRtUvkarRtYt
BinitüsßanPaBkMNt;TaMgenHeT.
cemøIy³ eRbIb‘ULúg A325 Ggát;p©it 3 / 4in.
GacbMeBjTwkbnSar)an.
Rn = 0.707 × w × L × FW
ehIy nominal design strength KW
φRn = 0.707 × w × L × φFW ¬&>@@¦
Code.
stress FW enAkñúg fillet weld esμInwg 0.6 dgén tensile strength rbs; weld metal EdlRtUv)ansM
Kal;eday FEXX . dUcenH design stress KW φFW Edl φ = 0.75 nig FW = 0.60FEXX . sRmab;
electrode FmμtaTaMgBIr design strengths (stresses) RtUv)anbgðajdUcxageRkam³
φ = 0.90
R n = 0 .6 A g F y (AISC Equation J5-3)
RbEvgGb,brma
RbEvgGb,brmaGnuBaØatsRmab; fillet weld KWbYndgTMhMTwkbnSar. karkMNt;enHmintwgEtgeT
b;uEnþRbsinebIminGacpþl;RbEvgTwkbnSarenH)an eKGaceRbIRbEvgxøICagenH)an RbsinebI effective size
rbs;TwkbnSarRtUv)aneKykesμInwgmYyPaKbYnénRbEvfTwkbnSar. kartP¢ab;RbePTEdl)anbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 7>40 EdldUcKñanwg]TahrN_BImun CakrNIBiesssRmab; shear lag sRmab;kartP¢ab;eday
TwkbnSar Edl)anerobrab;enAkñúgCMBUkTI 3. AISC B3 )anbgðajfaRbEvgTwkbnSarenAkñúgkrNIenHmin
RtUvtUcCagcm¶ayrvagTwkbnSareT KW L ≥ W .
End returns
enAeBlEdlTwkbnSarlatsn§wgdl;kac;RCug vaRtUvEtbnþCMuvijRCugenaH dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
7>41. mUlehtusRmab;karbnþ EdleKehAfa end return KWCakarkarBarkugRtaMgRbmUlpþúM (stress
concentration) nigFanafaTMhMTwkbnSarRtUv)anrkSaelIRbEvgeBjrbs;TwkbnSar. End return KYrEt
ehIy RbEvgEdlRtUvkar =
36
4.176
= 8.62in.
cemøIy³ eRbI electrode E70 XX fillet weld 3 / 16in. CamYynwgRbEvg 10in. dUcEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUb
TI 7>43.
nimitþsBaØasRmab;karpSar
karpSarRtUv)ankMNt;enAelI design drawing edaynimitþsBaØasþg;dar Edlpþl;nUvviFIgayRsYl
sRmab;BN’naBItRmUvkarrbs;karpSar. PaBlMGitRtUv)an[enAkñúg Part 8 of the Manual, “Bolts,
T.Chhay 302 Simple Connections
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
φRn 194.4
= = 0.364in.
0.707 × L × φFW 0.707(24 )(31.5)
sakl,g 3 / 8in.
TMhMTwkbnSarGtibrma = 34 − 161 = 16 11 3
in. > in.
8
(OK)
VIII. tMNcakp©it
Eccentric Connections
8>1> ]TahrN_sRmab;tMNcakp©it (Examples of Eccentric Connections)
P¢ab;enAEpñkxagelIbMputrbs;tMNrgTaMgkmøaMgkat;TTwg nigkmøaMgTaj.
eTaHbICa eyIgeRbIkartP¢ab;edayb‘ULúgenATIenHedIm,Ibgðajk¾eday k¾kartP¢ab;edaykarpSar
Gacbgðajy:agsmBaØBIkarrgEtkmøaMgkat;TTwg b¤kmøaMgkat;TTwgrYmTaMgkmøaMgTaj.
RbtikmμbnÞúkemKuNGtibrmasRmab;tMN framed beam epSg²RtUv)an[enAkñúg Table 9-2
rhUtdl; 9-12 in Part 9 of the Manual, “Simple Shear and PR Moment Connections” (Volume
II). cMNap©itEdltUcEmnETnsRmab;tMNenHGacecal)an ehIyeKBicarNaEtkmøaMgkat;TTwgEt
b:ueNÑaH.
Elastic Analysis
enAkñúgrUbTI 8>3 a, RkLaépÞkmøaMgkat;TTwgrbs;eRKOgP¢ab; nigbnÞúkRtUv)anbgðajdac;eday
ELkBIssr nig bracket plate. eKGacdak;bnÞúkcMNakp©it P CamYynwgbnÞúkdUcKñaEdlmanGMeBIRtg;
TIRbCMuTm¶n;rYmCamYynwg couple, M = Pe Edl e CacMNakp©it. RbsinebIeyIgeFVIEbbenH bnÞúknwgman
GMeBIcMp©it ehIyeKsnμt;faeRKOgP¢ab;nImYy²Tb;Tl;nUvcMENkbnÞúkesμI²Kña KW pc = P / n Edl n CacMnYn
eRKOgP¢ab;. kmøaMgeRKOgP¢ab;Edl)anBI couple Gacrk)anedaysnμt;fakugRtaMgkmøaMgkat;TTwgenAkñúg
eRKOgP¢ab;CalT§plrbs; torsion énmuxkat;EdlekItBIRkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;eRKOgP¢ab;. RbsinebI
eyIgeFVIkarsnμt;EbbenH kugRtaMgkMMlaMgkat;enAkñúgeRKOgP¢ab;nImYy²GacRtUv)anrkBIrUbmnþkmøaMgrmYl
fv =
Md
J
¬*>!¦
Edl d = cm¶ayBITIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞeTAcMNucEdlkugRtaMgkMBugRtUv)ankMNt;
J = m:Um:g;niclPaBb:UElrba;RkLaépÞeFobTIRbCMuTm¶n;
J = ∑ Ad 2 = A ∑ d 2
edayRKb;eRKOgP¢ab;manRkLaépÞ A dUcKña. enaHsmIkar *>! GacRtUv)ansresrCa
Md
fv =
A∑ d 2
ehIykmøaMgkat;enAkñúgeRKOgP¢ab;nImYy²EdlekIteLIgeday couple KW
Md Md
Pm = Af v = A =
2
A∑ d ∑d2
dUcenHbgÁúMkmøaMgkat;TTwgTaMgBIrEdl)ankMNt;RtUv)anbUkbEnßmedaybBaÄredIm,ITTYl)ankmøaMgpÁÜb P
dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>3 b EdleyIgykeRKOgP¢ab;enAxagsþaMEpñkxageRkameKbMputmkbgðaj. enA
eBlEdleKkMNt;)ankmøaMgpÁÜbFMCageKbMput TMhMeRKOgP¢ab;k¾RtUv)aneRCIserIsedIm,ITb;Tl;kmøaMgenaH.
eKminGaceFVIkarGegátedIm,IrkeRKOgP¢ab;EdleRKaHfñak;CaeKeT KWeKRtUveFVIkarKNnaCatémøelx.
CaTUeTA vamanlkçN³gayRsYlCagkñúgkareFVIkarCamYynwgbgÁúMkmøaMgctuekaNEkg. sRmab;
eRKOgP¢ab;nImYy² bgÁúMkmøaMgedk nigbgÁúMkmøaMgQrEdl)anBIkmøaMgkat;TTwgedaypÞal;KW
Py
pcx = x
P
n
ni g pcy =
n
Edl Px nig Py CabgÁúMkmøaMgtamTis x nigTis y rbs;kmøaMgsrub P dUcEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI
8>4. eKGacrkbgÁúMkmøaMgedk nigQrEdlekIteLIgedaycMNakp©itdUcxageRkam.
cm¶ayBITIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;tMNeTAeRKOgP¢ab;nImYy²
(
∑ d 2 = ∑ x2 + y2 )
Edl cMNucrYmrbs;RbB½n§kUGredaenKWCaTIRbCMuTm¶n;énRkLaépÞkmøaMgkat;rYmrbs;eRKOgP¢ab;. kmøaMgpÁÜb
tamTis x rbs; pm KW³
tMNcakp©it 309 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
y y Md y Md My
p mx =
d
pm =
d ∑d 2
=
2
d ∑x +y 2
(=
) (
∑ x + y2
2
)
dUcenH pmy = Mx
(
∑ x2 + y2 )
ehIykmøaMgeRKOgP¢ab;srubKW
p= (∑ p x )2 + (∑ p y )2
Edl ∑ p x = pcx + p mx
∑ p y = pcy + p my
My 480.7(6 )
p mx =
(∑x +y 2
) 2
=
192.5
= 14.98kips ←
Mx 480.7(2.75)
∑ (x 2 + y 2 )
p my = = = 6.867kips ↓
192.5
edayeRbITMnak;TMngminsmamaRtbnÞúk-kMhUcRTg;RTayEdlkMNt;edaykarBiesaFn_ sRmab;eRKOgP¢ab;
nImYy².
karsikSaedaykarBiesaFEdlraykarN_enAkñúg Crawford and Kulak (1971) edayeRbI
b‘ULúgRbePT bearing A325 Ggát;p©it 3 / 4in. nigEdkbnÞH A36 b:uEnþlT§plGaceRbIsRmab;b‘ULúg
A325 EdlmanTMhMepSg²CamYynwgEdkRbePTepSg²CamYynwglT§pllMeGogtictYc. viFIenHnwgpþl;
μ = emKuNkat;bnßy = 10
λ = emKuNkat;bnßy = 0.55
rmax = cm¶ayeTAeRKOgP¢ab;EdlenAq¶aybMput
karBiesaFn_¦
ehIy ∑ Fy = ∑(R y )n − Py = 0
m
¬*>%¦
Edl Gnu)at n kMNt;nUveRKOgP¢ab;mYy² nig m CacMnYnsrubrbs;eRKOgP¢ab;. viFIsaRsþTUeTAKWsnμt;TI
taMg instantaneous center bnÞab;mkkMNt;témøRtUvKñarbs; P EdlbMeBjsmIkarlMnwg. RbsinebI
GBa©wgEmn TItaMgenHKWRtwmRtUv ehIy P CalT§PaBrbs;tMN. viFIsaRsþCak;lak;KWdUcxageRkam³
!> snμt;témøsRmab; ro .
@> edaHRsayrk P BIsmIkar *>$.
#> CMnYs ro nig P eTAkñúgsmIkar *># nig *>%.
$> RbsinebIsmIkarTaMgenaHRtUv)anbMeBjCamYynwgkRmitlMeGogEdlGacTTYlyk)an kar
viPaKenHRtUv)anbBa©b;. EtebImindUecñaHeT eKRtUveFVIkareRCIserIstémøsakl,g ro fμI ehIy
eKRtUveFVIkarKNnaeLIgvij.
sRmab;krNITUeTAénbnÞúkbBaÄr smIkar *># nwgRtUv)anbMeBjedays½VyRbvtþ. edIm,IPaBgay
RsYl nigkMu[)at;bg;»PasPaB eyIgBicarNaEtkrNIenH. EteTaHbICamYykarsnμt;enH karKNna
sRmab; trial problem CaeRcInmanlkçN³lM)ak EdlRtUvkarCMnYykMuBüÚT½rCacaM)ac;. Epñk (B) rbs;
]TahrN_ 8>2 RtUv)aneFVIkarCamYynwgCMnYyBI standard spreadsheet program sRmab; personal
computers.
e = 3 + 5 − 1.286 = 6.714in.
M = Pe = 53(6.714 ) = 355.8in. − kips ¬RsbRTnicnaLika¦
53
pcy = = 7.571kips ↓ pcx = 0
7
BITisedA nigTMhMEdlRtUvKñaEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>9 b‘ULúgeRkameKEpñkxagsþaMRtUv)ancat;TukfaCa
b‘ULúgEdlmaneRKaHfñak;CageK
My 355.8(3.857 )
p mx =
( )
∑ x2 + y2
=
82.29
= 16.68kips ←
Mx 355.8(1.714 )
∑ (x + y )
Pmy = = = 7.411kips ↓
2 2 82.29
∑ p x = 16.68kips
∑ p y = 7.571 + 7.411 = 14.98kips
x' y' x y
1 0.000 0.000 0.285 -3.857 3.868 0.255 70.774 273.731 5.221
BIsmIkar *>$
P(ro + e ) = ∑ rR
∑ rR 1710.29
P= = = 206.424kips
ro + e 1.57104 + 6.71429
Edl e RtUv)anyk 5 xÞg;eRkayex,ósedIm,IsuRkitPaBx<s;.
BIsmIkar *>%
∑ F y = ∑ R y − P = 206.424 − 206.424 = 0.00
Table 8-18dl; 8-25 enAkñúg Part 8 of the Manual (Volume II) pþl;[emKuNsRmab;viPaK
b¤KNnaKMrUFmμtaénRkumb‘ULúgEdlrgnUvbnÞúkcakp©it. sRmab;kartMeobb‘ULúgnImYy²Edl)anBicarNa
taragTaMgenaHpþl;nUvtémø C EdlCapleFob connection failure load elI fasterner ultimate
strength. edImI,TTYl)anbnÞúktMNEdlmansuvtßiPaB témøefrenHRtUv)anKuNeday design strength
]TahrN_ 8>3³ eRbItaragenAkñúg Part 8 of the Manual edIm,IkMNt; factored load capacity Pu Edl
QrelI bolt shear sRmab;tMNEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>11. b‘ULúg bearing-type A325 Ggát;p©it
3 / 4in. edayeFμjsßitenAkñúgbøg;kat;. b‘ULúgrgnUv single shear.
tMNmanlkçN³RKb;RKan;sRmab; bearing.
sRmab; shear design strength
π (3 / 4 )2
Ab = = 0.4418in 2
4
φRn = φFv Ab = 0.75(48)(0.4418) = 15.90kips
KNnakmøaMgTajsRmab;b‘ULúgmYy nwgbnÞab;mkRtYtBinitü tension-shear interaction. edaysarPaB
sIuemRTI TIRbCMuTm¶n;sßitenAkm<s;Bak;kNþal. rUbTI 8>15 bgðajRkLaépÞb‘ULúg nigkarEbgEckkmøaMg
Tajb‘ULúg.
m:Um:g;rbs; resisting couple RtUv)anrkedayeFVIplbUkm:Um:g;eFobG½kSNWt³
∑ M NA = 2rut (4.5 + 1.5 + 1.5 + 4.5) = 24rut
m:Um:g;EdlGnuvtþKW
M u = Pu e = 88(3) = 264in. − kips
dak;m:Um:g;Tb; nigm:Um:g;Gnuvtþn_[esμIKña eyIg)an
24rut = 264 b¤ rut = 11kips
sgát;bEnßmenAkñúgEpñkxageRkamrbs;tMNEdlbegáInkmøaMgkkit EdlvaTUTat;nwgkarkat;bnßyenAkñúg
EpñkxageRkamrbs;tMN. sRmab;mUlehtuenH slip-critical strength minKYrRtUv)ankat;bnßyenAkñúgRb
ePTtMNenHeT.
Elastic method
bnÞúkenAelI bracket EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>16 a GacnwgRtUv)anBicarNa[eGVIGMeBIenA
kñúgbøg;énTwkbnSar EdlCabøg;rbs; throat. RbsinebIeyIgsnμt;EbbenH bnÞúknwgRtUv)anTb;edayRkLa
épÞTwkbnSarEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUb 8>16 b. b:uEnþ karKNnamanlkçN³samBaØ RbsinebIeKeRbI throat
mYyÉktþa. bnÞab;mkbnÞúkEdlKNna)anRtUvKuNnwg 0.707 CamYynwgTMhMrbs;TwkbnSaedIm,ITTYl)an
bnÞúkBitR)akd.
dUcKñanwgtMNedayb‘ULúg CaTUeTATItaMgeRKaHfñak;sRmab;kugRtaMgpÁÜbGacRtUv)ankMNt;BIkarsegátelI
témø nigTisedArbs;bgÁúM direct shear nig torsional shearing stress.
edaysareKeRbITwkbnSarkñúgmYyÉktþa karKNnaTIRbCMuTm¶n; nigm:Um:g;niclPaBKWmanlkçN³Ca
ExSbnÞat;. enAkñúgesovePAenH eyIgKitGgát;TwkbnSarCaGgát;ExSEdleyIgsnμt;eTARbEvgdUcKñanwgRCug
EKmrbs;EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;EdlenAEk,rva. elIsBIenH eyIgecalm:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;Ggát;ExSeFobeTA
nwgG½kSEdlRtYtKñaCamYynwgExS.
60 60
f1 y = = = 2.143kips / in.
8 + 12 + 8 28
munnwgKNnabgÁúMkmøaMgrmYlrbs; shearing stress, eKRtUvkMNt;TItaMgrbs;TIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞ
kmøaMgkat;. BIeKalkarN_m:Um:g;CamYynwgplbUkm:Um:g;eFobG½kS y /
x(28) = 8(4 )(2 ) b¤ x = 2.286in.
cMNakp©it e KW 10 + 8 − 2.286 = 15.71in.
ehIym:Um:g;rmYlKW M = Pe = 60(15.71) = 942.6in. − kips
RbsinebIeKecalm:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;TwkbnSartamTisedknImYy²eFobG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;va enaH
m:Um:g;niclPaBénRkLaépÞsrubeFobnwgG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;tamTisedkKW
Ix =
1
(1)(12)3 + 2(8)(6)2 = 720.0in.4
12
⎡1 ⎤
dUcKña I y = 2 ⎢ (1)(8)3 + 8(4 − 2.286 )2 ⎥ + 12(2.286 )2 = 195.0in.4
⎣12 ⎦
ehIy J = I x + I y = 720.0 + 195.0 = 915.0in 4
rUbTI 8>18 bgðajTisedArbs;bgÁúMkugRtaMgTaMgBIrenAkac;RCugrbs;tMNnImYy². tamkarsegát/ kac;
RCugxagelIEpñkxagsþaM b¤kac;RCugxageRkamEpñkxagsþaMGacRtUv)anKitCaTItaMgEdlmaneRKaHfñak;. Rb
sinebIeKeRCIserIskac;RCugxageRkamEpñkxagsþaM enaH
My 942.6(6)
f 2x = = = 6.181kips / in.
J 915.0
M 942.6(8 − 2.286 )
f2y = x = = 5.886kips / in.
J 915.0
fv = (6.181)2 + (2.143 + 5.886)2 = 10.13kips / in.
RtYtBinitüersIusþg;rbs; base metal. BIsmIkar &>@!
φRn = φFBM × area subject to shear
⎛9⎞
= φFBM × t = 0.54 F y t = 0.54(36)⎜ ⎟
⎝ 16 ⎠
= 10.94kips / in. > 10.13kips / in. (OK)
BIsmIkar &>@0 weld strength KW
φRn = 0.707 × w × L × φFW
Electrode EdlRtUvKñasRmab;Edk A36 KW E 70 / CamYynwg φFW = 31.5ksi .
dUcenHTMhMTwkbnSarEdl RtUvkarKW
T.Chhay 326 Eccentric Connections
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
φRn 10.13
w= = = 0.455in.
0.707 LφFW 0.707(1.0)(31.5)
cemøIy³ eRbI fillet weld 1 / 2in. CamYynwg electrode E 70 .
PBepSgeTotrbs;kMhusKWkarsnμt;faersIusþg;rbs;TwkbnSarminGaRs½ynwgTisedArbs;bnÞúkEdlGnuvtþ.
Ultimat strength procedure RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg Part 8 of the Manual (Volume II) ehIyRtUv)an
r = cm¶ayBI IC eTATIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;Ggát;TwkbnSar
vabgðajy:agc,as;nUv)aBcaM)ac;kñúgkareRbIR)as;kmμviFIkMuBüÚT½r. dMeNaHRsayedaykMuBüÚT½r
sRmab;;TRmg;FmμtaCaeRcInsRmab; eccentric welded shear connection RtUv)an[enAkñúgtaragEdl
manenAkñúg Part 8 of the Manual. Table 8-38 rhUtdl; 8-45 [lT§PaBbnÞúkemKuN (factored load
capacity) sRmab;karbnSMGgát;TwkbnSartamTisedk nigTisbBaÄrFmμtaCaeRcInedayQrelI ultimate
CaeRcInEdlvisVkrGacnwgCYbRbTH. sRmab;tMNTaMgLayNaEdlmin)anerobrab;enAkñúgtarageKGac
eRbI elastic methoid.
L
∑ M L2 = Tc − P3 3 − P1 L3 = 0
2
eKedaHRsaysmIkarenHedIm,Irk P1 EdlCakmøaMgTb;caM)ac;enAkñúgTwkbnSartamTisedkxagelI.
bnÞab;mkeKGacCMnYstémøenHeTAkñúgsmIkarlMnwgkmøaMgxageRkam³
∑ F = T − P1 − P2 − P3 = 0
eKGacedaHRsaysmIkarenHedIm,Irktémø P2 EdlCakmøaMgTb;caM)ac;enAkñúgTwkbnSartamTis
edkxageRkam. sRmab;RKb;TMhMrbs;TwkbnSar eKGacedaHRsayrkRbEvg L1 nig L2 . dMeNIrkaredaH
RsayRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúg]TahrN_ 8>7 EdleKsÁal;Ca balancing the weld.
rbs;Ggát;.
dMeNaHRsay³ Load capacity rbs;Ggát;edayQrelI gross section KW
φt Pn = 0.90 F y Ag = 0.90(36)(7.5) = 243.0kips
P1 = 61.58kips
∑ F = 121.5 − 61.58 − 34.80 − P2 = 0 / P2 = 25.12kips
L1 =
P1
=
61.58
6.960 6.960
= 8.85in. yk 9in.
L2 =
25.12
6.960
= 3.61in.yk 4in.
enAkñúgRbePTnImYy²Edl)anerobrab;xagelI TWkbnSarbBaÄrenAelIsøabssrrgbnÞúkdUcbgðajenA
kñúgrUbTI 8>25. dUcKñaCamYynwgtMNedayb‘ULúgenAkñúgrUbTI 8>3 bnÞúkcakp©it P nig couple M = Pe .
kugRtaMgkmøaMgkat;KW
P
fv =
A
Edl A CaRkLaépÞ throat srubrbs;TwkbnSar. eKGacKNnakugRtaMgkmøaMgTajGtibrmaBI
flexure formula
Mc
ft =
I
Edl I Cam:Um:g;niclPaBeFobG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;RkLaépÞEdlpSMeLIgedayRkLaépÞ throat
srubrbs;TwkbnSar nig c Cacm¶ayBIG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;eTAcMNucq¶abMputrbs;RCugEdlrgkarTaj. eKGac
rkkugRtaMgkmøaMgpÁÜbGtibrmaedayeFVIplbUkviuTr½kMub:Usg;TaMgBIrenH enaHeK)an
fr = f v2 + f t2
ehIym:Um:g;Kw
M = Pe = 22(2.375) = 52.25in. − kips
sRmab;rUbragénkarpSarEdlsnμt;enAkñúgrUbTI 8>27
2(1)(6 )3
= 36in.4 /
6
I= c = = 3in.
12 2
Mc 52.25(3)
ft = = = 4.354kips / in.
I 36
P 22
fv = = = 1.833kips / in.
A 2(1)(6 )
fr = f t2 + f v2 = (4.354)2 + (1.833)2 = 4.724kips / in.
(
Shear capacity of angle leg = t (φFBM ) = t 0.54 F y = ) 1
2
(0.54)(36)
]TahrN_ 8>9³ rUbTI 8>28 bgðajBI framed beam connection edaypSar. Edk framing angle Ca
ehIyssrCa W12 × 72 . EdkTaMgGs;CaRbePT A36 ehIyeKeRbI electrode
L4 × 3 × 1 / 2
bnSarenAelIsøabssr.
m:Um:g;enAelITwkbnSarEdlenAelIsøabssrKW
M = Re = R 2.831in. − kips
Edl R CaRbtikmμrbs;FñwmKitCa kips
BITMhMEdl[enAkñúgrUbTI 8>29 b/ lkçN³rbs;TwkbnSarenAelIsøabssr
32(16)
y= = 15.63in.
32 + 0.75
1(32 )3
I= + 32(16 − 15.63)2 + 0.75(15.63)2 = 2918in.4
12
sRmab;TwkbnSarTaMgBIr
I = 2(2918) = 5836in.4
Mc 2.831R(15.63)
ft = = = 0.007582 Rkips / in.
I 5836
R R
fv = = = 0.01527 Rkips / in.
A 2(32 + 0.75)
fr = (0.007582R )2 + (0.01527 R )2 = 0.01705Rkips / in.
489.8
= 7.48kips / in. < 9.72kips / in. (OK)
2(32.75)
cemøIy³ kmøaMgRbtikmμFñwmemKuNGtibrma = 490kips
eyIg)anBicarNa simple connection enAkñúg framed nig seated beam connections rYcehIy dUcenH
eyIgnwgRtUvkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelI rigid connectionsvijmþg.
]TahrN_FmμtaCaeRcInEdleRbI moment connection RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>30. Ca
TUeTA karepÞrm:Um:g;PaKeRcInRtUv)anbBa¢ÚntamsøabFñwm ehIy moment capacity k¾RtUv)aneLIg. tMN
enAkñúgrUbTI 8>30 a bgðajBIKMnitenH. EdkbnÞHEdlP¢ab;RTnugFñwmeTAssrKWRtUv)anpSarP¢ab;eTAnwg
ssrenAeragCag nigRtUv)ancab;b‘ULúgeTAnwgFñwmenAkardæan. CamYynwgkarerobcMEbbenH FñwmRtUv)an
Gacdak;enAelITItaMgy:agRsYleday[søabGacRtUv)anpSarP¢ab;eTAnwgssrenAkardæan. Plate
connection RtUv)anKNnaedIm,ITb;Tl;EtkmøaMgkat; nigTTYlRbtikmμrbs;Fñwm. Complete penetra-
RtUv)anbegáIteLIgtamry³søab¦. kareFVIkartP¢ab;søabTamTarfaEpñkd¾tUcrbs;RTnugFñwmRtUv)andk
ecjehIy “backing bar” RtUv)aneRbIenAelI søabmYyedIm,IGnuBaØat[karpSarTaMgGs;eFVIeLIgBIelI.
enAeBlEdlkarpSarBIxagelIRtCak; vanwgrYjCaTUeTARbEhl 1 / 8in. . bMlas;TItamTisbeNþayEdl
TTYl)anRtUv)anykmkKitsRmab;eRbIR)as; slotted bolt hole nigedayrwtbNþwgb‘ULúgeRkayeBlTwk
bnSarRtUv)anRtCak;. tMNRbePTenH eRbI column stiffenders EdlminRtUvkarCaTUeTAeT ¬emIlEpñk
8>7¦.
Moment connection rbs;rUbTI 8>30 a k¾RtUv)anbgðaj recommended connection design
karpSarenAeragCagmantémøefakCag niggayRsYlkñúgkarRtYtBinitü.
sRmab; beam-to-column moment connections Ggát;CaEpñkrbs; plane frame ehIyRtUv)an
dak;dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>30 a EdlRTnugenAkñúgbøg;rbs;eRKagEdlkarBt;rbs;Ggát;nimYy²eFobeTA
nwgG½kSemrbs;va. enAeBlEdlFñwmRtUv)anP¢ab;eTAnwgRTnugrbs;ssrCaCagsøabrbs;ssr ¬Ca-
]TahrN_ enAkñúgeRKaglMhr¦ eKeRbItMNdUcEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>30 b. tMNenHRsedogKñaeTA
nwgGVIEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>30 a b:uEnþTamTarnUvkareRbI column stiffener edIm,IeFVIkartP¢ab;eTAnwg
søabFñwm.
eTaHbICatMNEdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>30 a CatMNsamBaØk¾eday k¾kartMeLIgrbs;faTamTar
nUvkRmitGt;»ntUcEdr. RbsinebIFñwmtUcCagkarrMBwgTukcenøaHrvagssr nigsøabFñwmGacbgáPaBlM)ak
kñúgkarpSar enAeBlxøHeKeRbI backing bar. Three-plate connection EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>30 c
minman handicap eT ehIyvamanGtßRbeyaCn_bEnßmEdlRtUv)anP¢ab;edayb‘ULúgy:agl¥enAkardæan.
Flange plate nig web plate RtUv)anpSarenAkñúgeragCageTAnwgsøabssr nigcab;b‘ULúgeTAFñwmRtUv)an
sRmab;RbehagdéT
13
Lc = s − h = 3 − = 2.188in. > 2d
16
33 = 0.90[0.60(9t )(36 )]
t = 0.189in. ¬lub¦
dUcenHyk t = 1 / 4in.
sRmab;kartP¢ab; shear plate eTAnwgsøabssr TMhM fillet weld Gb,brmaKW 1 / 4in. . ¬edayQrelI
EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;EdlmankRmas;Rkas;Cag TMhM fillet weld Gb,brmaKW 5 / 16in. b:uEnþvaminRtUvkarFM
CagkRmas;rbs;EpñkEdlRtUvP¢ab;EdlesþIgCageT¦. enaH
lT§PaBkñúgmYyÉktþaRbEvg = 0.707w(φFW ) = 0.707⎛⎜⎝ 14 ⎞⎟⎠(31.5)
= 5.568kips / in.
lT§PaBkmøaMgkat;TTwgrbs; base metal KW
(
tφFBM = t 0.54 F y = ) 1
4
(0.54)(36) = 4.86kips / in. ¬lub¦
dUcenHRbEvgEdlcaM)ac;rbs; fillet weld 1 / 4in. KW
33
= 6.79in.
4.86
karpSarCab;KñaenAelIRCugmçagrbs;bnÞHGacRKb;RKan; b:uEnþCaTUeTAeKRtUvpSarsgxag ehIyRtUv)anGnuvtþ
enATIenH.
TTwgGb,brmarbs;bnÞHEdkGacRtUv)ankMNt;BIkarBicarNacm¶ayeTARCugEKm. bnÞúkEdlRtUv
)anRT ¬RbtikmμFñwm¦ KWmanTisbBaÄr dUcenHcm¶ayeTARCugEKmcaM)ac;eKarBtamtRmUvkarrbs; AISC
Table J3.4. RbsinebIeyIgsnμt;RCugEKmCa sheared edge cm¶ayeTARCugEKmGb,brmaKW 1 1 4 in. .
LúgEdlRtUvkarKW
1 3 1 13
h=d+ = + = in.
16 4 16 16
sRmab;RbehagEdlenAEk,rRCugEKmCageK
h 13 / 16
Lc = Le − = 1.5 − = 1.094in.
2 2
2d = 2(3 / 4 ) = 1.5in.
edaysar Lc < 2d / bearing strength KW
φRn = φ (1.2 Lc tFu ) = 0.75(1.2)(1.094 )t (58) = 57.11tkips / bolt
sRmab;RbehagepSgeTot
13
Lc = s − h = 3 − = 2.188in. > 2d
16
⎛3⎞
dUcenH φRn = φ (2.4dtFu ) = 0.75(2.4)⎜ ⎟t (58) = 78.30tkips / bolt
⎝4⎠
edIm,IrkkRmas;EdlRtUvkar dak; total bearing strength [esμI applied load:
2(57.11t ) + 6(78.30t ) = 121.0 b¤ t = 0.207in.
¬ebIeTaHbICabnÞHEdkmYyrgkmøaMgsgát;k¾eday kartP¢ab;lMGitecalnUvbBaðasißrPaBTaMgGs;¦.
tMNcakp©it 345 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Ag EdlRtUvkar = 0.φ90RnF =
H
=
121.0
0.90 F y 0.90(36)
= 3.735in.2
y
ykbnÞH 6 1 2 × 5 8
Epñkrbs;RkLaépÞsøabrbs;FñwmnwgRtUv)an)at;bg;edaysarRbehagrbs;b‘ULúg nig moment capacity
RtUv)ankat;bnßy. AISC B10 GnuBaØatkarkat;bnßyenHedIm,I[ecalenAeBl
0.75Fu A fn ≥ 0.90 F y A fg (AISC Equation B10-1)
= b f ⋅ t f = 6.530(0.535) = 3.494in.2
A fn = net flange area
( ) ⎡ ⎛ 7 ⎞⎤
= t f b f − ∑ d h = 0.535⎢6.530 − 2⎜ ⎟⎥ = 2.557in.2
⎣ ⎝ 8 ⎠⎦
edayeRbI AISC Equation B10-1 eyIgTTYl)an
0.75Fu A fn = 0.75(58)(2.557 ) = 111.2kips
*
rUbTI 8>34 k¾bgðajBInimitþsBaØasMrab; bevel groove weld, edayeRbIenATIenHsMrab; beam flange plate-to-column connection
tMNcakp©it 347 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
)anEkERbedIm,I[RtUvnwglT§plrbs;karBiesaF. RbsinebIbnÞúkemKuNGnuvtþn_EdlRtUv)anepÞreday
søabFñwm b¤ flange plate FMCag design strength φRn sRmab;RKb;sßanPaBkMNt;Edl)anBicarNaTaMg
Gs; enaHeKRtUvEteRbI stiffener.
edIm,IeCosvag local bending failure rbs;søabssr kmøaMgTajBIsøabFñwmdac;xatminRtUv
FMCag
(
φRn = φ 6.25t 2f Fyf ) (AISC Equation K1-1)
Edl φ = 0.90
tf = kRmas;rbs;søabssr
F yf = yield stress rbs;søabssr
[
φRn = φ (5k + N )F ywt w ] (AISC Equaton K1-2)
b¤ enAeBlEdlbnÞúkRtUv)anGnuvtþedaycm¶ayBIcugrbs;Ggát;EdlesμIkm<s;rbs;Ggát;
φRn = φ [(2.5k + N )Fywt w ] (AISC Equation K1-3)
Edl φ = 1.0
k = cm¶ayBIépÞsøabxageRkArbs;ssreTAeCIgrbs; fillet EdlenAelIRTnug
t w = kRmas;rbs;RTnugssr
eyIgk¾eRbI AISC Eqution K1-2 nig K1-3 in Section 5.13 edIm,IGegát web yielding enAkñúgFñwmEdl
rgbnÞúkcMcMNuc.
edIm,IkarBar web crippling enAeBlEdlbnÞúksgát;RtUv)anbBa¢ÚneTAEtsøabmYy dUckñúgkrNI
ssrxageRkAEdlmanP¢ab;CamYyFñwmEtmçag enaHbnÞúkGnuvtþn_minRtUvFMCag design strength Edl[
daysmIkarmYykñúgcMeNamsmIkarxageRkam. ¬eyIgk¾Føab;)anerobrab;BI web crippling enAkñúg web
crippling enAkñúgEpñkTI 5>13¦ enAeBlEdlbnÞúkRtUv)anGnuvtþenAcm¶ayy:agtic d / 2 BIcugrbs;ssr
⎡ 1.5 ⎤
⎛N ⎞⎛⎜ t w ⎞⎟ ⎥ F ywt f
φRn = φ135t w2 ⎢1 + 3⎜ ⎟ (AISC Equation K1-4)
⎢ ⎝ d ⎠⎜⎝ t f ⎟⎠ ⎥ tw
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
Edl φ = 0.75
d=km<s;srubrbs;ssr
RbsinebIbnÞúkRtUv)anGnuvtþenAcugrbs;ssr
⎡ 1.5 ⎤
⎛N ⎞⎛⎜ t w ⎞⎟ ⎥ Fywt f
φRn = φ 68t w2 ⎢1 + 3⎜
⎢
⎟
⎝ d ⎠⎜⎝ t f ⎟⎠ ⎥ tw
sRmab; N
d
≤ 0.2
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
(AISC Equation K1-5b)
⎡ 1.5 ⎤
⎛ N ⎞⎛ t ⎞ ⎥ F ywt f
b¤ φRn = φ 68t w2 ⎢1 + ⎜ 4
⎢ ⎝ d
− 0.2 ⎟⎜ w ⎟
⎠⎜⎝ t f ⎟⎠ ⎥ tw
sRmab; N
d
> 0.2
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
(AISC Equation K1-5b)
RbsinebI stiffener EdlRtUvkareday AISC Equation K1-2 sRmab; local web yielding,
eKGacrkRkLaépÞmuxkat;EdlRtUvkarsRmab; stiffener dUcxageRkam. snμt;faeKGacTTYl)an design
strength bEnßmBIRkLaépÞrbs; stiffener Ast Edl yield. dUcenHBI AISC Equation K1-2.
flange plate b¤
t
t st ≥ b
2
z pleFobTTwgelIkRmas;RtUvEt
t
b
≤
250
F
¬xñat IS¦ t st
b
≤
95
Fy
¬xñat US¦
st y
eBlEdlFñwmRtUv)anP¢ab;eTAnwgssrTaMgsgxag.
karepÞrm:Um:g;EdlmantémøFMeTAssrGacbegáItkugRtaMgkmøaMgkat;FMenAkñúgRTnugssrenAkñúgRBM
Ednrbs;tMN. ]TahrN_ tMbn; ABCD enAkñúgrUbTI 8>38. eBlxøH eKehAtMbn;enHCa panel zone.
Net moment RtUv)anKit dUcenHRbsinebIFñwmRtUv)antP¢ab;eTARCugTaMgsgxagrbs;ssr plbUkBiC-
d c = TMhMssrtamTisFñwmsrub
t w = kRmas;RTnugssr edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgbnÞHEdkEdlBRgwg
]TahrN_ 8>11³ kMNt;faetItMNén]TahrN_ 8>10 RtUvkar stiffener b¤k¾ column web reinforce-
ment. snμt;fa Vu = 0 nig Pu / Py = 0.4 .
dMeNaHRsay³ BI]TahrN_ 8>10 flange force RtUv)anykesμInwg
Pbf = H = 121.0kips
Design strength KW
φRv = 0.90(148.3) = 134kips > 120kips (OK)
cemøIy³ eKminRtUvkar column web reinforcement eT.
TTwgGb,brmaKW
bf t 6.015 0.360
b≥ − w = − = 1.825in.
3 2 3 2
RbsinebIeKminGnuBaØat[bnøay stiffener eTAhYsRCugrbs;søabssr TTwgGtibrmaKW
8.07 − 0.360
b≤ = 3.855in.
2
kRmas;Gb,brmaKW
tb 0.525
= = 0.2625in.
2 2
sakl,g 3× 5 /16 ³
⎛5⎞
Ast = 3⎜ ⎟ × 2stiffeners = 1.875in.2 > 0.6236in 2 (OK)
⎝ 16 ⎠
RtYtBinitüpleFobTTwgelIkRmas; (width-thickness ratio)
b 3
= = 9.6
t st 5 / 16
95 95
= = 15.8 > 9.6 (OK)
Fy 36
Design strength KW
φRv = 0.90(64.15) = 57.74kips < 100.5kips (N.G.)
eRbI AISC Equation edIm,IrkkRmas;RTnugEdlRtUvakar. edaHRsayrk t w edayKuNPaKyk
nigPaKEbgeday φ
t w = required doubler plate thickness
yk w = 1/ 4in.
BI AISC J2.2b, TMhMTwkbnSarGtibrmaKW
1 5 1 1
td − = − = in. (OK)
16 16 6 4
cemøIy³ double plate 5 /16in. nig fillet weld 1/ 4in
eRbI diagonal stiffener
eRbI full-depth horizontal stiffeners dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 8>41 ¬RKan;EtCaCMerIs¦.
KMlatEdlcaM)ac;rbs;TwkbnSar =
33.41
5.152
= 6.48in.
shear capacity of base metal = 0.54 Fy t w = 0.54(36 )(0.360 ) = 7.00kips / in.
Gs;GacnwgbEnßmtémøeRcIneTAelIsMPar³sRmab;ssrmuxkat;FM.
Mu
Puf =
d −t f
M t = F1s
M eu = α m M t
Edl ( )
α m = C a Cb A f / Aw 1 / 3 ( pe / d b )1 / 4
Ca = cMnYnefrEdlTak;TgeTAnwglkçN³rbs;smÖar³rbs;b‘ULúg nigbnÞHEdk.
Cb = b f / b p
bf = TTwgrbs;søabFñwm
bp = TTwgrbs; end plate [Krishnamurthy (1978) )anENnaMnUvTTwgRbsiT§PaBGtibrma
b f + 2w + t p Edl tp CakRmas;rbs; end plate. Manual ENnaMTTwgCak;Esþg
Gtibrma b f + 1in. ]
A f = RkLaépÞsøabFñwm
Aw = RkLaépÞRTnugFñwmEdlenAcenøaH fillet
⎛ b pt 2 ⎞
⎜ p req ⎟
φb M n = φb M p = φb ZF y = 0.90⎜ ⎟ Fy
⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
eday[smIkarenHesμInwgm:Um:g;emKuN eKTTYl)ankRmas;bnÞHEdk
⎛ b pt 2 ⎞
⎜ p pre ⎟
0.90⎜ ⎟ Fy = M eu
⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
dUcenH t p req =
4 M eu
0.90b p Fy
dMeNaHRsay³ kmøaMgsøabKW
Mu 173(12 )
Puf = = = 120.2kips
d − t f 17.7 − 0.425
TMhMTwkbnSarEdlRtUvkarKW
Puf 120.2
w= = = 0.4301in.
0.707 L(φFw ) 0.707(12.55)(31.5)
eTaHbICaeKminTan;sÁal;kRmas;rbs; end plate k¾eday k¾TMhMTwkbnSarGb,brmaEdl)anBI AISC
Table J2.4 minEdlFMCag 5 / 16in. dUcenH 0.43in. EdlRtUvkarsRmab;ersIusþg;nwgmantémøFMCag.
bf 6.00
Cb = = = 0.9258
bq 7.00
Af
= 0.504 (Table 10-2, Part 10 of the Manual)
Aw
1/ 3 1/ 4
⎛ Af ⎞ ⎛ pe ⎞
α m = C a Cb ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ Aw ⎠ ⎝ db ⎠
4.860
w= = 0.2182in. > 0.131in.
0.707(31.5)
[(
φRn = φ 6k + tb + 2 w + 2t p F ywt w )]
Edl w= TMhMTwkbnSar
elIsBIenH eKRtUveFVIkarGegátBI local flange bending ning web stability (web crippling b¤
compression buckling). Part 10 of the Manual maneKalkarN_ENnaMBIkarKit local flange
bending.
sRmab;GñkKNna nigGñklMGitkartP¢ab;.
tMNcakp©it 369 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
IX. eRKOgbgÁúMsmas
Composite Construction
9>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)
eRKOgbgÁúMsmasCaeRKOgbgÁúMsMNg;EdlGgát;rbs;vapÁúMeLIgedaysmÖar³BIrRbePTKW EdkeRKag
nigebtugGarem:. niyay[xøIGgát;eRKOgbgÁúMsmaspSMeLIgedaysmÖar³BIr b¤eRcInRbePT. eRKOgbgÁúM
smasRtUv)anerobrab;enAkñúg AISC Chapter I, “Composite Members.”.
Fñwmsmas (composite beam) GacmaneRcInTRmg;. FñwmsmasBIdMbUgRtUv)ancak;bgáb;kñúgeb
tugdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9>1 a. vaCaCeRmIsmYyenAeBlEdleKRtUvkarkarBareRKOgbgÁúMEdkBIePøIg
(fireproofing) ehIymUlehtumYyeTotKWeKGacKitBIkarcUlrYmrbs;ersIusþg;ebtugeTAkúñgersIusþg;rbs;
enAkñúgEdkCMnYsenARKb;cMNucenaH
εc = εs b¤ Efc = Efs
c s
nig fs =
Es
Ec
f c = nf c ¬(>!¦
Edl m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtug
Ec =
n = s = pleFobm:UDul
E
Ec
AISC I2.2 [m:UDuleGLasÞicebs;ebtug *
Edl wc = Tm¶n;maDrbs;ebtug
f 'c = ersIusþg;rgkarsgát;rbs;ebtugenA @*éf¶
*
The ACI Building Code (ACI, 1995) [témørbs; E c = w1c.5 (33) f ' c KitCa psi b¤ Ec = w1c.5 (0.043) f 'c KitCa
N / mm 2
eRKOgbgÁúMsmas 373 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
Myt
f st =
I tr
enAEpñkxageRkambMputrbs;Edk
Myb
f sb =
I tr
Edl M= m:Um:g;Bt;Gnuvtþn_
I st = m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobG½kSNWt ¬dUcKñanwgG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs; homogeneous section¦
yt = cm¶ayBIG½kSNWteTAEpñkxagelIbMputrbs;Edk
yb = cm¶ayBIG½kSNWteTAEpñkxageRkambMputrbs;Edk
Edl y Cacm¶ayBIG½kSNWteTATItaMgx<s;bMputrbs;ebtug.
dMeNIrkarKNnaenHmann½ysRmab;Etm:Um:g;Bt;viC¢man EdlkmøaMgsgát;enAxagelIeRBaHeKmin
KitersIusþg;rgkarTajrbs;ebtug.
]TahrN_ 9>1³ FñwmsmasmYypSMeLIgedayEdk A36 manrag W16 × 36 CamYynwgkRmalebtug
kRmas; 5in. nigTTwg 87in. enABIxagelIFñwm. ersIusþg;rbs;ebtugKW f 'c = 4000 psi . kMNt;kugRtaMg
GtibrmaenAkñúgEdk nigebtugEdlekItBIm:Um:g;Bt;viC¢man 160 ft − klips .
n=
E s 29000
Ec
=
3495
= 8 .3 yk n = 8
edaysarEtm:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtugCatémøRbhak;RbEhl dUcenHeyIgGacyktémø n CatémøKt;
ehIyvanwgpþl;nUvPaBsuRkitRKb;RKan;. dUcenH
b 87
= = 10.88in.
n 8
rUbTI 9>5 bgðajBI transformed section.
eKGackMNt;TItaMgrbs;G½kSNWtedayGnuvtþeKalkarN_m:Um:g;CamYynwgG½kSrbs;m:Um:g;enAEpñk
xagelIbMputrbs;kRmal. karKNnaRtUv)ansegçbenAkñúgtarag 9>1 ehIycm¶ayBITItaMgx<s;bMputrbs;
kRmaleTATIRbCMuTm¶n;KW
∑ Ay 273.1
y= = = 4.202in.
∑ A 65.00
edayGnuvtþRTwsþIbTG½kSRsb nigedayerobCataragénkarKNnaenAkñúgtarag 9>2 eyIgTTYl)anm:Um:g;
niclPaBrbs; transformed section KW
eRKOgbgÁúMsmas 375 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
I tr = 1526in.4
kugRtaMgenATItaMgx<s;bMputrbs;EdkKW
yt = y − t = 4.202 − 5.00 = −0.7980in.
Edl t CakRmas;rbs;kRmal
Myt (160 × 12 )(0.7980)
f st =
Ltr
=
1526
= 1.00ksi ¬rgkarTaj¦
tarag 9>1
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay
ebtug 54.40 2.50 136.0
65.00 273.1
tarag 9>21
eRKOgbgÁúM A y I d I + Ad 2
ebtug 54.40 2.50 113.3 1.702 270.9
TTYl)anlT§plsuRkit eKRtUveFVIkarKNnaTItaMgG½kSNWteLIgvijedayQrelIragFrNImaRtfμIenH.
eyagtamrUbTI 9>6 nigtarag 9>3 eyIgGacKNnaTItaMgfμIrbs;G½kSNWtdUcxageRkam³
2
∑ Ay 5.44 y + 137.1
y= =
∑A 10.88 y + 10.6
( ) 2
y 10.88 y + 10.6 = 5.44 y + 137.1
y = 4.140in.
m:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;RkLaépÞsmasEdleFVIeLIgvijenHKW
I tr =
1
(10.88)(4.140)3 + 448 + 10.6(12.93 − 4.140)2 = 1524in.4
3
tarag 9>3
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay
ebtug 10.88 y y/2 5.44 y
2
ehIykugRtaMgKW
f st =
(160 × 12)(5 − 4.140) = 1.08ksi ¬rgkarTaj¦
1524
f sb =
(160 × 12)(5 + 15.86 − 4.140)
= 21.1ksi ¬rgkarTaj¦
1524
fc =
(160 ×12)(4.140) = 0.652ksi
8(1524)
PaBxusKñarvagkarviPaKTaMgBIrGacecal)an ehIykarKNnaTItaMgG½kSNWteLIgvijminmanRbeyaCn_eT.
eRKOgbgÁúMsmas 377 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
distribution.
As F y = 10.6(36 ) = 381.6kips
kmøaMgsgát;enAkñúgEdklub C = 381.6kips .
enHmann½yfaeKminRtUvkarkRmas;TaMgmUlrbs;ebtugedIm,IbegáItkmøaMgsgát;EdlRtUvkareT.
eKTTYl)an karEbgEckkugRtaMgenAkñúgrUbTI 9>8.
eKk¾GacKNnakmøaMgsgát;rYmdUcxageRkam
C = 0.85 f 'c ab
As F y = 14.7(36 ) = 529.2kips
Epñkrbs;kRmalxNÐEdleFVIkarCaeRKOgbgÁúMsmasCamYynwgEdkFñwmCaGnuKmn_eTAnwgktþaCa
eRcIn EdlrYmmanRbEvgElVg nigKMlatFñwm. AISC I3.1 tRmUv[TTwgRbsiT§PaBrbs;kRmalxNÐenAelI
EpñknImYy²rbs;G½kSFñwmKWtémøEdltUcCageKkñúgcMeNam³
!> mYyPaKR)aMbIénRbEvgElVg.
@> mYyPaKBIrénKMlatFñwmEdlKitBIG½kSeTAG½kS.
#> cm¶ayBIG½kSFñwmeTARCUgEKRmbs;kRmal.
lkçxNÐTIbIRtUv)anGnuvtþcMeBaHEtFñwmxagb:ueNaÑaH dUcenHsRmab;Fñwmxagkñúg TTwgRbsiT§PaBTaMgmUlRtUv
mantémøtUcCageKénmYyPaKbYnénRbEvgElVg b¤KMlatrbs;FñwmEdlKitBIG½kSeTAG½kS ¬edaysnμt;fa
FñwmmanKMlatesμ¦I .
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúkEdlGnuvtþmuneBlebtugrwgmaMrYmmanTm¶n;rbs;kRmalxNÐ
(4.5 / 12)(150) = 56.25 psf .¬eTaHbICa normal-weight concrete manTm¶n; 145 psf / EtebtugGarem:
RtUv)ansnμt;famanTm¶n; 150 psf ¦. sRmab;FñwmEdlmanKMlat 9 ft bnÞúkGefrKW
56.25 × 9t = 506lb / ft
+ Tm¶n;Fñwm = 44lb / ftt
550lb / ft
bnÞúksagsg;KW 20(9) = 180lb / ft EdlRtUv)anKitCabnÞúkGefr. bnÞúk nigm:Um:g;emKuNKW
wu = 1.2 wD + 1.6 wL = 1.2(550) + 1.6(180) = 948lb / ft
TTwgRbsiT§PaBCatémøEdltUcCageKkñúgcMeNam
span 30(12)
= = 90in.
4 4
KMlatFñwm = 9(12) = 108in.
edaysareRKOgbgÁúMEdlRtUvKNnaCaFñwmxagkñúg lkçxNÐTIbIminGacGnuvtþ)an. yk b = 90in. CaTTwg
søabRbsiT§PaB. enaH tamkarbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9>9 kmøaMgsgát;RtUvEtCatémøEdltUcCageKkñúg
cMeNam
As Fy = 13(36 ) = 468kips
Ec = m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtug
Fu = ersIusþg;rgkarTajrbs; stud
Gb,brma¦
kRmas;kRmalxNÐ t = 4.5in.
RbEvgElVg = 30 ft
BI]TahrN_ 9>4 kmøaMgkat;tamTisedk Vh EdlRtUvKñanwg full composite action KW
Vh = C = 468kips
sakl,g stud 1/ 2 × 2 . Ggát;GnuBaØatGtibrmaKW
2.5t f = 2.5(0.450 ) = 1.125in. > 0.5in. (OK)
FMCagenH.
$> KNna design strength rbs;muxkat;smas nigeRbobeFobvaeTAnwgm:Um:g;emKuNsrub. Rb
sinebImuxkat;smasminRKb;RKan; eRCIserIsmuxkat;EdkFñwmepSgeTotsRmab;sakl,g.
T.Chhay 390 Composite Construction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
b¤ As =
Mu
φb Fy (d / 2 + t − a / 2)
¬(>#¦
Edl M u KitCa in. − kips / Fy KitCa ksi / ehIy d / t nig a KitCa in. . eKGaceRbIsmIkar (># b¤
(>$ edIm,IeRCiserIsmuxkat;sakl,g. smIkarTaMgBIrTamTarnUvkm<s;Edlsnμt; nigkar)a:n;sμan a / 2 .
dUcenH CaTUeTAbøúkkugRtaMgmankm<s;tUcNas; kRmitlMeGogkñúgkarKNna a / 2 nwgman\T§iBltictYc
elItémøEdl)anKNna As . eKsnμt; a / 2 = 1.0 .
RbsinebIeKeRbIsmIkar (>$ ehIyeKsnμt; nominal depth d enaHeKGaceFVIkareRCIserIsrUbrag
sakl,g)any:aggayRsYl. kareRbIsmIkarenHk¾pþl;nUvkarKNnaTm¶n;FñwmedaypÞal;.
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúkEdlRtUvRTmuneBlebtugrwgmaMKW
kRmalxNг (3.5 /12)(150) = 43.75 psf
Tm¶n;kñúg 1 ft : 43.75(10) = 437.5lb / ft
bnÞúksagsg;³ 20(10) = 200lb / ft
¬Tm¶n;FñwmnwgRtUvKitenAeBleRkay¦
bnÞúkEdlRtUvRTeRkayeBlebtugrwgmaMKW
w part = 10(10 ) = 100lb / ft
wL = 55(10 ) = 550lb / ft
d a 15.69 0.9036
y= +t − = + 3.5 − = 10.89in.
2 2 2 2
design flexural strength KW
φb M n = φb (Cy ) = 0.85(276.5)(10.89) = 2550in.kips = 213 ft − kips > 174 ft − kips (OK)
RtYtBinitükmøaMgkat;
w L 1544(30)
Vu = u = = 23.2kips
2 2
BI factored uniform load tables
φvVn = 76.3kips > 23.2kips (OK)
cemøIy³ eRbI W 16 × 26
eKRtUvkarm:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtugedIm,IKNna shear connector. BI]TahrN_ 9>5/
Ec = 3492ksi sRmab;ebtugFmμtaCamYynwg f 'c = 4000 psi . sakl,g stud 1 / 2 × 2in.
¬ Asc = 0.1963in.2 ¦
Ggát;p©itGtibrma = 2.5t f = 2.5(0.345) = 0.8625in. > 0.5in. (OK)
BI AISC Equation I5-1/ ersIusþg;rgkmøaMgkat;rbs; connector mYyKW
Qn = 0.5 Asc f 'c Ec ≤ Asc Fu
= 0.5(0.1963) 4(3492 )
= 11.60kips
Asc Fu = 0.1963(60) = 11.78kips > 11.60kips
dUcenHyk Qn = 11.60kips
cMnYn stud EdlRtUvkarenAcenøaHcugFñwm nigkNþalElVgKW
V
N1 = h =
276.5
Qn 11.60
= 23.8 eRbI 24 sRmab;Bak;kNþalFñwm b¤Casrub 48
nig KMlattambeNþayGb,brmaKW 6d = 6(0.5) = 3in.
KMlattamTTwgGb,brmaKW 4d = 4(0.5) = 2in.
KMlattambeNþayGtibrmaKW 8t = 8(3.5) = 28in.
RbsinebIeKeRbI stud mYysRmab;muxkat;nImYy² KMlatRbhak;RbEhlKW
30(12)
s= = 7.5in.
48
KMlatenHsßitenAcenøaHEdnx<s;bMput nigEdnTabbMput dUcenHvabMeBjlkçxNÐ.
T.Chhay 394 Composite Construction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
n=
E s 29000
Ec
=
3492
yk n = 8
= 8 .3
tarag 9>4
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay I d I + Ad 2
ebtug 50.62 2.25 113.9 85.43 2.571 420
∑ Ay 306.7
y= = = 4.821
∑ A 63.62
tarag 9>5
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay I d I + Ad 2
ebtug 25.31 2.25 56.95 42.71 4.269 504
∑ Ay 249.8
y= = = 6.519
∑ A 38.31
cemøIy³ xageRkamenHCakarsegçbrbs;PaBdab
PaBdabPøam²munTTYl)an composite behavior
Δ1 + Δ 2 = 0.4100 + 0.1342 = 0.544in.
PaBdabry³eBlxøICamYynwgCBa¢aMgxNÐedayKμanbnÞúkGefr
T.Chhay 398 Composite Construction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
hr = km<s;rbs;rnUt
TMhMTaMgenHRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 9>17.
kmøaMgsuT§EdlRtUvepÞrenARtg;épÞb:HrvagEdk nigebtugKW
( )
T − C s = T − Pyf = As Fy − Pyf − Pyf = 276.5 − 2(68.31) = 139.9kips
segçbenAkñúgtarag 9>6.
tarag 9>6
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay
M n = C (13.11) + C s (8.736)
#> PaBdab
muneBlebtugrwgmaM
wD = wslab + wbeam = 0.500 + 0.026 = 0.526kips / ft
5wD L4 5(0.526 / 12)(30 × 12 )4
Δ1 = = = 1.098in.
384 EI s 384(29000 )(301)
PaBdabEdlbNþalmkBIbnÞúksagsg;KW
5wconst L4 5(0.200 / 12)(30 × 12 )4
Δ2 = = = 0.418in.
384 EI s 384(29000 )(301)
PaBdabsrubmuneBlebtugrwgmaMKW
Δ1 + Δ 2 = 1.098 + 0.418 = 1.52in.
sRmab;PaBdabEdlekItmaneRkayeBlebtugrwgmaM eKRtUvkarm:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;muxkat;
bMElgBIrKW I tr CamYynwgTTwgkRmalbMElg b / n nig I tr CamYynwgTTwgkRmalbMElg b / 2n .
pleFobm:UDulKW
E
n= s =
E
29000
3024
= 9. 6 yk n = 10
c
tarag 9>7
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay I d I + Ad 2
ebtug 29.25 1.625 47.53 25.75 2.282 178
∑ Ay 144.3
y= = = 3.907in.
∑ A 36.93
PaBdabEdlbNþalmkBIbnÞúkefrEdlGnuvtþeRkayeBlebtugrwgmaMKYrQrelIm:Um:g;niclPaBbM
ElgEdlTTYlCamYynwg 2n RbesIrCagCamYynwg n . dUcenH eRbITTwgkRmalbMElg
b 90
= = 4.5in.
2n 2(10 )
BIrUbTI 9>24 nig tarag 9>8 m:Um:g;niclPaBbMElgKW
I 'tr = 920.4in.4
tarag 9>8
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay I d I + Ad 2
ebtug 14.62 1.625 23.76 12.87 3.780 221.8
∑ Ay 120.5
y= = = 5.405in.
∑ A 22.30
m:Um:g;niclPaBRbsiT§PaBEdleyIgnwgehAfa I 'eff KW
I 'tr = I s + ∑ Qn / C f (I 'tr − I s )
edIm,IeRbItaragsRmab;viPaKFñwmsmas dMbUgrkEpñkrbs;taragEdlRtUvnwgrUbragEdk
ehIyGnuvtþ dUcxageRkam³
*
nimitþsBaØa φM RtUv)aneKeRbIenAkñúgtaragsRmab; design strength of composite shapes, nig φ M RtUv)aneRbIsRmab; design
n b p
]TahrN_ 9>9³ KNna design strength rbs;FñwmsmasenAkñúg]TahrN_ 9>1 nig 9>2 edayeRbI
taragenAkñúg Part 5 of the Manual.
dMeNaHRsay³ BI]TahrN_ 9>1 FñwmsmaspSMeLIgedayEdk W 16 × 36 CamYynwgkRmalxNÐEdlman
kRmas; t = 5in. nigTTwgRbsiT§PaB b = 87in. . ersIusþg;sgát;enA @* éf¶rbs;ebtugKW f 'c = 4000 psi .
kmøaMgsgát;enAkñúgebtugCatémøtUcCageKén
eRKOgbgÁúMsmas 413 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
As Fy = 10.6(36) = 381.6kips
yk C = 381.6kips . km<s;rbs;bøúkkugRtaMgsgát;
C 381.6
a= = = 1.290in.
0.85 f 'c b 0.85(4 )(87 )
cm¶ayBITItaMgx<s;bMputrbs;EdkeTAkmøaMgsgát; C KW
a 1.290
Y2 = t − = 5− = 4.36in.
2 2
bBa©ÚleTAkñúgtaragCamYynwg ∑ Qn = 382kips nig Y 2 = 4.36 . edayeFVI interpolation eyIg
TTYl)an
φM n = 332 ft − kips
edayepÞógpÞat;CamYynwglT§plenAkñúg]TahrN_ 9>2 eyIgeXIjfavamantémødUcKña. karKNnatam
rUbmnþ nigedayeRbItaragTTYl)anlT§plRsedogKña enAeBlEdl PNA sßitenAkñúgmuxkat;EdkFñwm.
cemøIy³ Design strength = 332 ft − kips
edIm,ICakarsRmYlteTAeTotkñúgkarKNna eKecalm:Um:g;niclPaBrbs;ebtugeFobnwgG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;.
edIm,IbgðajBIviFIsaRsþenH eKnwgyktémømYyenAkñúgtaragmkbMEbkenAkñúg]TahrN_ 9>10.
∑ Qn 241
Ac = = = 6.694in.2
Fy 36
tarag 9>9
eRKOgbgÁúM A y Ay I d I + Ad 2
ebtug 6.694 19.88 133.1 - 6.88 316.9
a 2
Y2 = t − = 4.75 − = 3.75in.
2 2
BI Composite Beam Selection Table, ral;karbnSMénEdkFñwm/ ∑ Qn nig Y 2 Edlpþl;nUv
design strength FMCag 153 ft − kips KWCaFñwmsakl,gEdlGacTTYlyk)an. lT§PaBBIrnwgRtUv)an
segçbenAkñúgtarag 9>10.
tarag 9>10
φM n (ft-kips)
rUbrag TItaMg PNA ∑ Qn (kips)
¬edayeFVI interpolation¦
W 16 × 26 7 69.1 160
W 14 × 22 3 159 159
eLIgvij³
C ∑ Qn 69.1
a= = = = 0.3011in.
0.85 f 'c b 0.85 f 'c b 0.85(3)(90 )
a 0.3011
Y 2 = t − = 4.75 − = 4.60in.
2 2
¬Edl b = 90in. KW)anmkBI]TarhN_ 9>8¦
φM n = 164.4 ft − kips
BI]TahrN_ 9>8/ M u = 156 ft − kips CamYynwgkarKitbBa©ÚlTm¶n;Fñwm . vanwgtUcCag design
strength 164.4 ft − kips dUcenHkareRCIserIsenHGacTTYlyk)an. dUcKñaBI]TahrN_ 9>8 TaMg
Stud 8 edImRtUvnwgKMlat
30(12 )
= 45in.
8
KMlatenHFMCagKMlatGnuBaØatGtibrma 36in. dUcenHeKRtUveRbI stud eRcInCagenH. RbsinebI
eKdak; stud ral; 6 rnUtmþg KMlatnwgesμInwg 36 ehIycMnYn stud srubKW
30(12 )
= 10, N1 = 5
36
kmøaMgkat;EdlRtUvKñaEdlRtUvepÞrKW
∑ Qn = 5(21.04 ) = 105.2kips
edIm,IgayRsYlkñúgkareRbItarag eyIgnwgyktémø ∑ Qn = 104kips enaH
104
a= = 0.4532in.
0.85(3)(90 )
0.4532
Y 2 = 4.75 − = 4.523in.
2
BI Composit Beam Selection Table, design strength KW
φM n = 182 ft − kips > 156 ft − kips (OK)
cemøIy³ @> eRbI stud 3 / 4 × 3in. cMnYn 10 edIm edayKMlatesμI²Kña. edIm,IkarBar uplift eFVI spot weld
ral;KMlat 18in. ¬sßitenAcenøaH stud¦.
#> PaBdab
BI]TahrN_ 9>8 PaBdabrbs;EdkFñwmmuneBlTTYl)an composite behavior KW
Δ1 = 1.098in. ¬edayminKitbnÞúksagsg;¦
ehIy\T§iBlTaMgmUlKWnwgpþl;nUvPaBdabFMCagkar)a:n;sμan. RbsinebIbnÞúkefrry³eBlyUrtUc
eKGaceRbIm:Um:g;niclPaB lower bound.
w = wD + wL = 0.100 + 0.400 = 0.500kips / ft
ehIyPaBdabEdlRtUvKñaKW
5wL4 5(0.500 / 12 )(30 × 12 )4
Δ2 = = = 0.5044in.
384 EI LB 384(29000 )(623)
PaBdabsrubKW
Δ1 + Δ 2 = 1.098 + 0.5044 = 1.602in.
PaBdabGnuBaØatGtibrmaKW
L 30(12 )
= = 1.500in. < 1.602in. (N.G.)
240 240
kñúgkarKNna Rtg;cMNucenH eyIgmanCeRmIsBIr³ ¬!¦
KNnaPaBdabEdlmanPaBsuRkitCageday eRbImuxkat;bMElg b¤¬@¦ eRCIserIskarbnSMrvagEdkFñwm nig
shear connector CamYynwgm:Um:g;niclPaB lower bound. edaysareKalbMNgrbs;]TahrN_enHcg;
bgðajBIkareRbItarag eyIgnwgeRCIserIsCeRmIsTI @.
KNnam:Um:g;niclPaB lower bound EdlRtUvkar. PaNdabEdlekItBIkRmalxNÐ nigTm¶n;Fñwm
nwgminpøas;bþÚr dUcenHPaBdabGnuBaØatGtibrmaEdlekIteLIgedaysarbnÞúkEdlGnuvtþeRkayeBlebtug
rwgmaMKW
Δ 2 Gtibrma = 1.50 − Δ1 = 1.50 − 1.098 = 0.4020in.
4
BI Δ 2 = 3845wLEI
LB
I LB EdlRtUvkarKW
5wL4 5(0.500 / 12 )(30 × 12 )4
I LB ≥ = = 782in.4
384 EΔ 2 384(29000 )(0.4020 )
sRmab; W 16 × 26 CamYynwg PNA # nig Y 2 = 4.5in. / m:Um:g;niclPaB lower bound KW
I LB = 804in.4 . BI Composite Design Selection Table, sRmab; PNA # kmøaMgkat;tamTisedkKW
∑ Qn = 208kips
edIm,ITTYltémøRtwmRtUv Y 2 nig I LB dMbUgKNnaTItaMgrbs;kmøaMgsgát;enAkñúgebtug
∑ Qn 208
a= = = 0.9063in.
0.85 f 'c Ac 0.85(3)(90 )
a 0.9063
Y 2 = t − = 4.75 − = 4.30in.
2 2
BItaragm:Um:g;niclPaB lower bound edayeFVI interpolation
T.Chhay 418 Composite Construction
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
!> edayQrEtelIersIusþg;rbs;EdkFñwmb:ueNÑaH.
@> edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgEdkBRgwgenAkñúgmuxkat;smasRtUvRbQmnwglkçxNÐxageRkam³
a. EdkFñwmRtUvEt compact nigman latereal support RKb;RKan;
nigcMNucm:Um:g;GviC¢manGtibrma¦
eRKOgbgÁúMsmas 419 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
c. EdkBRgwgenAkñúgTTwgRbsiT§PaBRtUvEtmanRbEvgbgáb;RKb;RKan; ¬TMBk;¦
ersIusþg;rbs;muxkat;smasKYrEtQrelIkarBRgaykugRtaMg)aøsÞicCamYynwg φb = 0.85 .
RbsinebIeKKit composite behavior AISC I5.2 tRmUv[ykkmøaMgkat;tamTisedkEdl
RtUv)anepÞrrvagcMNucénm:Um:g;GviC¢manGtibrma nigcMNucm:Um:g;sUnümantémøtUcCageKkñúgcMeNam
Ar Fyr nig ∑ Qn Edl
Ar = RkLaépÞrbs;EdkBRgwgenAkñúgTTwgRbsiT§PaBrbs;kRmal
karviPaKssrsmasRtUv)aneFVIeLIgkñúgviFIdUcKñasRmab;Ggát;rgkarsgát;eRKOgbgÁúMEdkFmμtaEdr
edayeRbIsmIkardUcKñaBI AISC Charpter E b:uEnþCamYynwgtémø Fy / E nig r EdlRtUv)anEkERbedIm,I
TTYllT§plEdlTTYl)anBIkarBesaF nigkarKNnaRtUvKña. munBicarNasmIkar AISC sRmab;témø
TaMgenH eyIgRtUvRtYtBinitüBIeKalkarN_rbs;smIkarsin. RbsinebIeKFananUvsßanPaBlMnwg eKKitfa
ersIusþg;rbs;Ggát;smasrgkarsgát;CaplbUkénersIsu þg;tamG½kSrbs;EdkFñwm/ EdkBRgwg nigebtug.
vaRtUv)aneKehAfa squash load ehIyRtUv)an[eday
Pn = As Fy + Ar Fyr + 0.85 f 'c Ac ¬(>%¦
Edl As = RkLaépÞmuxkat; rolled steel shape
Ar = RkLaépÞmuxkat;srubrbs;EdkBRgwgbBaÄr
Ac = RkLaépÞmuxkat;rbs;ebtug
Fyr
Pn
As
= Fmy = Fy + Ar
As
A
+ 0.85 f 'c c
As
¬(>^¦
témørbs; Fmy EdlTTYlBIsmIkar (>^ ¬enAeBlEdleRbICMnYs[témø Fy enAkñúgsmIkarGgát;rgkar
sgát;¦ [lT§pll¥sRmab;EdkbMBg;TIbmUl b¤RCugEdlbMeBjedayebtugEdlebtugsßitenAkñúg steel
shape. ¬EdkBRgwgbBaÄrminRtUv)aneRbICamYynwgEdkbMBg;TIbmUl b¤RCug (concrete-filled pipe or
tarag 9>11
elxEdk Ggát;Edk RkLaépÞmuxkat;
in. mm in.2 mm2
3 0.375 9.50 0.11 71.00
4 0.500 12.70 0.20 129.00
5 0.625 15.87 0.31 200.00
6 0.750 19.05 0.44 283.87
7 0.875 22.23 0.60 387.10
8 1.000 25.40 0.79 509.70
9 1.128 28.65 1.00 645.16
10 1.270 32.26 1.27 819.35
11 1.410 35.81 1.56 1006.45
14 1.693 43.00 2.25 1451.61
18 2.257 57.33 4.00 2580.64
Ec =m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtug
eTaHbICaPaBrwgRkaj (stiffeness) smamaRteTAnwgm:Um:g;niclPaB pleFobRkLaépÞsRmab;ssr
smaspþl;lT§pll¥CagpleFobm:Um:g;niclPaB (SSRC, 1979). témøefrenAkñúgsmIkar 9>8 KWesμInwg
0.4 sRmab;EdkTIbmUl b¤RCugEdlbMeBjedayebtugEdlbgðajBIPaBGnuBaØaténPaBrwgRkajrbs;
rm = r ≥ 0.3b
Edl r= kaMniclPaBrbs;muxkat;EdkeRKOgbgÁúMenAkñúgbøg; buckling
b = vimaRtrbs;muxkat;ebtuenAkñúgbøg; buckling
tRmUvkarrbs; Specification
sRmab;ssrsmasmansar³sMxan;dUcKñaeTAnwgGVIEdlerobrab;xagelI. eK
AISC provisions
eRbI Equation E2-1 nig E2-3 BI Chapter E of the specification edIm,IkMNt; design strength b:uEnþ
témørbs; Fy / E nig r RtUv)anEksRmYl. eKRtUvBwgEp¥kelIsmIkar (>^ nig (>& edIm,IeFVIkarEk
sRmYltémøTaMgenH. BI AISC Section I2.2, témøEksRmYlrbs; Fy KW
Fmy = Fy + c1 Fyr ( Ar / As ) + c2 f 'c ( Ac / As ) (AISC Equation I2-1)
nigEdkbBaÄr.
c. EdkbBaÄrEdlRTbnÞúk (load-carrying longitudinal reinforcement) RtUvEtCab;enA
#> ersIusþg;rbs;ebtug f 'c RtUvEtsßitenAcenøaH 3ksi ≈ 21MPa nig 8ksi ≈ 55MPa sRmab;eb
tugTm¶n;Fmμta ¬minmanlT§plBiesaFn_sRmab; f 'c FMCag 55MPa eT¦ nigy:agticbMput
4ksi ≈ 28MPa sRmab;ebtugTm¶n;Rsal.
t = b F y / 3E sRmab;muxkat;ctuekaNEdlmanTTwgxageRkA b
b¤ t=D Fy / 8 E sRmab;muxkat;rgVg;EdlmanGgát;p©itxageRkA D
cemøIy³ eKkMNt;témøEksRmYl F nig E Edl)anBI AISC Equation I2-1 nig I2-2. témøEdl
my m
RtUvkarsRmab;smIkarTaMgenHKW³
Fyr = 55ksi témøEdlkMNt;eday AISC I2.1
Ar = 4(1.27 ) = 5.08in.2
Ac = net area rbs;ebtug = 20(22) − As − Ar = 440 − 39.9 − 5.08
= 395.0in.2
sRmab; f 'c = 5ksi
nominal strength KW
Pn = As Fcr = 39.9(76.55) = 3054kips
ehIy design strength KW
φc Pn = 0.85(3054) = 2600kips
cemøIy³ design compressive strength KW 2600kips
dMeNaHRsay³ bnÞúktamG½kSemKuNKW
Pu = 1.2(500) + 1.6(500) = 1400kips
tamkarGegátelItaragbgðajfa sRmab; f 'c = 3.5ksi nigtémøén rmx / rmy ERbRbYlBI 1.0 eTA 1.22
EdltémøPaKeRcInesμInwg 1.0 . edaysar
KxL
= 2 > 1.22
KyL
taragxageRkambgðajBICeRmIsEdlGaceFVI)an
TMhMmuxkat;ebtug EdkeRKOgbgÁúM rmx / rmy φc Pn
18×18 W10×112 1.0 1450kips
20×20 W12×87 1.0 14250kips
X. rtEdkbnÞH
Plate Girder
10>1> esckþIepþIm (Introduction)
CaTUeTA plate girder RtUv)aneKKitCa flexural member Edlmuxkat;rbs;vaRtUv)anpÁúMeLIg
eday plate elements. AISC cat;TukFñwmxusBI plate girder edayQrelI web slenderness. Plate
girder CaFñwmFMTaMgElVg nigmuxkat; Edlmuxkat;FMenHCavi)akmkBIElVgEvg. RbsinebIeKminman hot-
enAkñúgCMBUkenH.
munnwgBicarNaBItRmUvkarCak;lak;rbs; AISC Specification sRmab; plate girder eyIgcaM)ac;
RtYtBinitükñúgviFITUeTAbMputBIPaBxusKñarbs; plate girder nig rolled beam Fmμta. eTaHbICaeyIg)an
sikSaBI flexural member enAkñúgCMBUk 5, “Beams” k¾eday k¾ plate girder mantRmUvkar flexural
strength nig shear strength BiessepSg.
Buckling Strength of Metal Structures (Bleich, 1952) nig Theory of Elastic stability
stiffeners edIm,IbegáItCa panel edIm,IbegáIn shear strength b¤ (3) eKGaceRbI web stiffeners edIm,I
QrelI Fyf yield stress rbs;søab. mUlehtuKWfa lMnwgrbs;RTnugRbqaMgnwg flexural buckling KWGa
Rs½ynwg strain enAkñúgsøab (Zahn, 1987).
edIm,Ibgáa vertical buckling rbs;søabeTAkñúgRTnug AISC Appendix G2 )an[nUvEdnkMNt;
x<s;bMputsRmab;pleFobTTwgelIkRmas; (width-thickness ratio) ht w . témøEdlkMNt;enHCa
GnuKmn_eTAnwg aspect ratio a / h rbs; girder plate EdlCapleFobKMlatrbs; intermediate
stiffener elIkm<s;RTnug ¬emIlrUbTI 10>5¦³
sRmab; a / h ≤ 1.5 /
t
h
≤
2000
F
¬xñat US¦
t
h 5250
≤
F
¬xñat IS¦ (AISC Equation A-G1-1)
w yf w yf
kMNt; Bucling strength rbs;søabrgkarsgát;eday flang local buckling (FLB) b¤k¾ lateral-
torsional buckling (LTB). Vertical buckling rbs;søabrgkarsgát;eTAkñúgRTnugRtUv)andkecjBI
emKuN hybrid girder Re esμInwg 1.0 sRmab; nonhybrid girder. sRmab; hybrid girder
12 + (Aw / A f )(3m − m 3 )
R = ≤ 1 .0
e
(
12 + 2 Aw / A f )
Edl Aw = RkLaépÞrbs;RTnug ≤ 10 A f
A f = RkLaépÞrbs;søabrgkarsgát;
m = Fyw / Fcr ¦.
⎛ h 2550 ⎞
RPG = 1−
ar ⎜ −
1200 + 300a r ⎜⎝ t w
⎟ ≤ 1.0
Fcr ⎟⎠
¬xñat IS¦ (AISC Equation A-G2-3)
Edl a = Aw / A f ≤ 10
Edl mansøabesμIKña¦
kugRtaMgeRKaHfñak; Fcr KWQrelI lateral-torsional buckling b¤ flange local buckling.
AISC Specification eRbInimitþsBaØa λ / λ p nig λr edIm,IedaHRsayCamYynwg slanderness para-
λp =
300
Fyf
¬xñat US¦ λp =
792
Fyf
¬xñat IS¦ (AISC Equation A-G2-8)
λr =
756
Fyf
¬xñat US¦ λr =
1985
Fyf
¬xñat IS¦ (AISC Equation A-G2-9)
sRmab;søabrgkarsgát; EdlQrelI
buckling flange local buckling pleFobTTwgelI
kRmas; (width-thickness ratio) nigEdnkMNt;rbs;vaKW³
bf
λ= (AISC Equation A-G2-11)
2t f
λp =
65
Fyf
¬xñat US¦ λp =
170
Fyf
¬xñat IS¦ (AISC Equation A-G2-12)
λr =
230
Fyf / k c
¬xñat US¦ λp =
605
Fyf / k c
¬xñat IS¦ (AISC Equation A-G2-13)
⎛ 1 − Cv ⎞
Vn = 0.6 Aw Fyw ⎜⎜ Cv + ⎟
⎟⎟ (AISC Equation A-G3-2)
⎜ 1.15 1 + (a / h )2
⎝ ⎠
Edl kv = 5 +
5
(a / h )2
=5 RbsinebIa
h
>3 (AISC Equation A-G3-4)
2
a ⎡ 260 ⎤
=5 RbsinebI >⎢ ⎥
h ⎣ (h / t w )⎦
AISc Equation A-G3-1 [nUv shear strength enAeBlEdlKμanvtþman tension-field action ehIy
kar)ak;rbs;RTnugKWedaysar yielding. AISC A-G3-2 rab;bBa©Úl tension-field action. eKk¾Gac
sresr AISC Equation A-G3-2 Ca
1 − Cv
Vn = 0.6 Aw FywCv + 0.6 Fyw
1.15 1 + (a / h )2
GgÁTImYyenAkñúgsmIkarxagelIenHCa web shear buckling strength ehIyGgÁTIBIrCa post-buckling
strength. emKuN Cv CapleFob critical web buckling stress elI web shear yield stress
ehIyRtUv)ankMNt;dUcxageRkam³
sRmab; 187 Fkv ≤ th ≤ 234 Fkv (US) 491 Fkv ≤ th ≤ 614 Fkv (IS)
yf w yf yf w yf
.
stiffener Tension field enAkñúg panel CD RtUv)anrkSalMnwgeday tension field enAkñúg panel BC .
dUcenH panel xagkñúgRtUv)anf<k;Cab;eday panel EdlenAEk,r. b:uEnþ panel AB minmankarf<k;enAxag
eqVgeT. eTaHbICakarf<k;Gacpþl;[eday stiffener xagcugEdlKNnaedIm,ITb;Tl;karBt;EdlekItBI
tension field k¾eday k¾vamineFVIkarCakarf<k;Edr. edaysar tension field minekItmanenAeBjkm<s;
Vn =
[
0.6 Aw Fyw 418 / Fyw ] (US) Vv =
[
0.6 Aw Fyw 1097 / Fyw ] (IS)
h / tw h / tw
dUcenHenAeBlEdl t / hw ≤ 418 / Fyw (US) h / t w ≤ 1097 / Fyw (IS)
Vv ≥ 0.6 Aw Fyw
EdlCa nominal strength enAeBlEdl h / t w ≤ 187 kv / Fyw (US) h / t w ≤ 491/ kv / Fyw (IS)
sRmab; 187 kv
<
h
Fyw t w
≤ 234
kv
Fyw
(US) 491
kv
Fyf
≤
h
tw
≤ 614
kv
Fyf
(IS)
187 k v / Fyw
Vv = 0.6 Fyw Aw (US) (AISC Equation A-F2-2)
h / tw
491 k v / Fyw
Vv = 0.6 Fyw Aw (IS)
h / tw
⎛ 1 − Cv ⎞
Vv = 0.6 Fyw Aw ⎜⎜ Cv + ⎟
⎟⎟
⎜ 1.15 1 + (a / h )2
⎝ ⎠
RbsinebIeKmineRbI tension-field action eKnwgGnuvtþ provisions of Appendix F2:
RbsinebI th ≤ 187 Fkv (US) t
h
≤ 491
F
kv
(IS)
w yw w yw
Vv = 0.6 Fyw Aw
RbsinebI 187 kv
<
h
Fyw t w
≤ 234
kv
Fyw
k
(US) 491 v ≤
Fyf
h
tw
≤ 614
kv
Fyf
(IS)
187 k v / Fyw
Vv = 0.6 Fyw Aw (US)
h / tw
491 k v / Fyw
Vv = 0.6 Fyw Aw (IS)
h / tw
Intermediate Stiffeners
D = GnuKmn_énTRmg;rbs; stiffener
KW
I st = at w3 j
Edl j=
2.5
− 2 ≥ 0.5 (AISC Equation A-F2-4)
(a / h )2
eTaHbICa intermediate stiffener minRtUv)anKNnaCaGgát;rgkarsgát;k¾eday k¾karkMNt;pleFobTTwg
elIkRmas;sRmab;eCosvag local buckling GacRtUv)aneRbIkñúgkarkMNt;smamaRtrbs;muxkat;
stiffener. Table B5.1 nig AISC B5 minmankarENnaMsRmab; plate girder stiffener eT. EdnkMNt;
b 95 b 250
= (US) = (IS)
t Fy t Fy
ENnaMBI AISC enAkñúg Appendix F2.3 eTEdlTamTar clear distance cenøaH fillet wled EdlminCab;
min[FMCag 16t w b¤ 10in. ≈ 25cm .
¬mintUcCag k sRmab;Rbtikmμcug¦
¬eyIg)anerobrab;BIsßanPaBkMNt;enHenAkñúgCMBUk 5 rYcehIy¦.
sRmab; web crippling emKuNrsIusþg; φ = 0.75 nigenAeBlbnÞúksßitenAy:agticcm¶ayBak;
kNþalkm<s; girder BIcug
⎡ 1.5 ⎤
⎛ N ⎞⎛⎜ t w ⎞⎟ Fywt f
Rn = 135t w2 ⎢1 + 3⎜
⎢
⎟
⎝ d ⎠⎜⎝ t f ⎟⎠
⎥
⎥ tw
sRmab; N
d
≤ 0 (AISC Equation K1-4)
⎣ ⎦
¬eyIgk¾)anerobrab;BIsßanPaBkMNt;enHenAkñúgCMBUk 5¦
eKRtUvkar bearing stiffeness edIm,IbgáarEt sidesway web buckling eRkamsßanPaBkMNt;
mYycMnYnEtb:ueNÑaH. eKRtUvRtYtBinitü sidesway web buckling enAeBlEdlsøabrgkarsgát;minTb;
RbqaMgnwgclnaeTAsøabrgkarTaj. Design strength KW φRn / Edl φ = 0.85 .
RbsinebIsøabRtUv)anTb;min[vil
C r t w3 t f ⎡ ⎛ h / tw ⎞ ⎤
3
Rn = ⎢1 + 0.4⎜ ⎟ ⎥ (AISC Equation K1-6)
h2 ⎢ ⎜ l /bf ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
l = unbraced rbs;søabEdlFMCageK
eTaHbICaeKeFVIsmamaRtRTnugedIm,ITb;Tl;edaypÞal;nUvbnÞúkcMcMNuck¾eday k¾CaTUeTAeKenAEt
dak; bearing stiffener. RbsinebIeKmineRbI stiffener Rtg;kEnøgbnÞúkcMcMNucmanGMeBInImYy²enaH eKmin
caM)ac;RtYtBinitüsßanPaBkMNt; web yielding, web crippling nig sidesway web buckling eT.
Bearing strength rbs; stiffener RtUv)an[enAkñúg AISC J8 Ca φRn Edl φ = 0.75 nig
Rn = 1.8 Fy A pb (AISC Equation J8-1)
z pleFobTTwgelIkRmas;RtUvbMeBjtRmUvkarxageRkam³
b 95 b 250
≥ (US) ≥ (IS)
t Fy t Fy
edaysar h / t w > 970 / Fyf dUcenH flexural member enHCa plate girder ehIyeKGacGnuvtþkar
pþl;[rbs; AISC Appendix G.
RTnugRtUvEtbMeBj slenderness limitation rbs; AISC G1. témøkMNt;én h / t w GaRs½yeTA
nwg aspect ratio a / h . sRmab; plate girder enH bearing stiffener mannaTICa intermediate
stiffener ehIy
a 12(12)
≈ = 2.286
h 63
pleFobenHCatémøRbhak;RbEhlBIeRBaH a minR)akdCa 12 ft eT. enAkñúg panel xagkñúg 12 ft
CaKMlat stiffener EdlKitBIG½kSeTG½kSRbesIrCag clear spacing. sRmab; panel xagcug a KWtUcCag
12 ft edaysarEt double stiffener enARtg;TRm.
tarag 10>1
eRKOgbgÁúM A I d I + Ad 2
RTnug - 7814 - 7814
søab 16 - 32 16380
søab 16 - 32 16380
40574
eKnwgRtUvkar hybrid girder factor Re sRmab; tension flange strength nig compression
flange strength. edaysar girder enHCa nonhybrid dUcenH
Re = 1.0
BI AISC Equation A-G2-1, tension flange strength EdlQrelI yielding KW
M n = S xt Re Fyt = 1248(1.0)(36) = 44930in. − kips = 3744 ft − kips
10>11
Iy =
1
(1)(16)3 + 1 (10.5)(3 / 8)3 = 341.4in.4
12 12
A = 16(1.0) + 10.5(3 / 8) = 19.94in.2
Iy 341.4
rT = = = 4.138in.
A 19.94
Unbraced length rbs;søabrgkarsgát;KW 12 ft ehIy slenderness parameter sRmab;
lateral-torsional buckling KW
Lb 12(12 )
λ= = = 34.80
rT 4.138
300 300
λp = = = 50
Fyf 36
⎡ 1 − 0.2580 ⎤
= 0.6(23.62 )(36 )⎢0.2580 + ⎥ = 263.6kips
⎢ 1.15 1 + (2.286 )2 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
Design shear strength KW
φvVn = 0.90(263.6) = 237kips
BIrUbTI 10>10 kmøaMgkat;emKuNGtibrmaenAkñúgRtg;cm¶aymYyPaKbYnBITRmrbs; girder KW
102kips dUcenH shear strength KWRKb;RKan;Rtg;kEnøgEdleKGnuBaØat[eRbI tension –field
action.
Design strength KW
φvVn = 0.90(131.6) = 118kips
kmøaMgkat;emKuNGtibrmaenAkñúg panel xagcug KW
Vu = 234kips > 118kips (N.G.)
eKmanCeRmIsBIrsRmab;begáIn shear strength KWedaykat;bnßy web slenderness¬edaybegáIn
kRmas;rbs;va¦ b¤kat;bnßy aspect ratio rbs; panel xagcugnImYy²edaybEnßm intermediate
stiffener. Stiffener RtUv)anbEnßmenAkñúg]TahrN_enH. karkat;bnßy web slenderness
cemøIy³ b. Shear strength KWRKb;RKan;. bEnßm intermediate stiffener mYycm¶ay 54in. BIcugrbs;
girder nImYy²
c. Flexural shear interaction
eKRtUvRtYtBinitü flexural-shear interaction enAeBlEdlman tension field ¬EdleRkABI
panel xagcug¦ nigenAeBlEdlbMeBllkçxNÐTaMgBIrxageRkam.
!> kmøaMgkat;TTwgsßitenAcenøaH
0.6φVn ≤ Vu ≤ φVn
sRmab; girder enH kmøaMgkat;TTwgeRkABI panel xagcugKW
0.6(237 ) ≤ Vu ≤ 237
142 ≤ Vu ≤ 237
@> m:Um:g;Bt;emKuNsßitenAcenøaH
0.75φM n ≤ M u ≤ φM n
sRmab; girder enH
0.75(3350) ≤ M u ≤ 3350
T.Chhay 454 Plate Girders
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
2510 ≤ M u ≤ 3350
tamkarGegátelIrUbbgðajfavaminmanbnSMénkmøaMgkat; nigm:Um:g;Bt;EdlbMeBjlkç-
xNÐTaMgenHeT.
cemøIy³ c. eKminRtUvkarRtYtBinitü flexural-shear interaction eT.
d. Bearing stiffener
eKpþl;nUv bearing stiffener enARtg;bnÞúkcMcMNucmanGMeBInImYy² dUcenHeKminRtUvkarRtYtBinitü
karpþl;[rbs; AISC Chapter K sRmab; web yielding, web crippling b¤ sidesway web
buckling eT. sRmab; bearing stiffener enAxagkñúg nigenAelITRm
b 7.5
= = 10.0
t 0.75
95 95
= = 15.8 > 10.0 (OK)
Fy 36
ehIykaMniclPaBKW
I 227.2
r= = = 3.922in.
A 14.77
Slenderness ratio KW
KL Kh 0.75(63)
= = = 12.05
r r 3.922
BI AISC Table 3-36 enAkñúg Numerical Values section of the Specification,
φc Fcr = 30.37ksi
nig φc Pn = φc Fcr A = 30.37(14.77) = 449kips > 60kips (OK)
BIrUbTI 10>13/ sRmab; bearing stiffener enARtg;TRm design bearing strength KW
φRn = φ (1.8Fy A pb ) = 0.75(1.8)(36)[4(6.5)(0.75)] = 948kips > 234kips (OK)
RtYtBinitü stiffener-web assembly CaGgát;rgkarsgát;. eyagtamrUbTI 10>13 m:Um:g;nicl
PaBeFobG½kSenAkñúgbøg;rbs;RTnugKW
I = ∑(I + Ad 2 )
4.5(3 / 8)3 ⎡ 0.75(7.5)3 ⎛ 7.5 3 / 8 ⎞ ⎤
2
= + 4⎢ + 7.5(0.75)⎜ + ⎟ ⎥ = 454.3in.
4
12 ⎢⎣ 12 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
ehIyRkLaépÞ nigkaMniclPaBKW
A = 4.5(3 / 8) + 4(0.75)(7.5) = 24.19in 2
nig r=
I
A
=
454.3
24.19
= 4.334in.
Slenderness ration KW
Kh 0.75(63)
= = 10.90
r 4.334
BI AISC Table 3-36, φc Fcr = 30.41kips . Design strength KW
φc Pn = φc Fcr A = 30.41(24.19) = 736kips > 234kips (OK)
cemøIy³ d. Bearing stiffener KWRKb;RKan;.
#> )a:n;sμanTMhMsøab
eKGac)a:n;sμanRkLaépÞsøabEdlRtUvkarBIrUbmnþFmμtaEdlbMEbkdUcxageRkam. yk
I x = I web + I flanges
t w h 3 + 2 A f y 2 ≈ t w h 3 + 2 A f (h / 2 )2
1 1
≈
12 12
Edl A f = muxkat;RkLaépÞrbs;søabmYy
y = cm¶ayBIG½kSNWteGLasÞiceTATIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;søab
karcUlrYmrbs;m:Um:g;niclPaBénsøabnImYy²eFobnwgG½kSTIRbCMuTm¶n;rbs;vaRtUv)anecalenA
kñúgsmIkar !0$>. eKGac)a:n;sμanm:UDulmuxkat;
I x t w h 3 / 12 2 A f (h / 2 )
2
t h2
Sx = ≈ + = w + Af h
c h/2 h/2 6
RbsinebIeyIgsnμt;karKNnayktam compression flange buckling eyIgk¾Gacrkm:UDul
muxkat;BI AISC Equation A-G2-2:
M n = S xc RPG Re Fcr
Mn M u / φb
S xc = =
RPG Re Fcr RPG Re Fcr
nig Af =
Mu
φb hRPG Re Fcr
t h
− w
6
RbsinebIeyIgsnμt;fa RPG = 1.0 / Re = 1.0 nig Fcr = Fy muxkat;EdlRtUvkarrbs;søab
mYyKW
Mu A
Af = − w
0.9hFy 6
Intermediate dUcxageRkam³
Ix =
(1 / 4)(62)3
+ 2(1.5)(18)(31.75)2 = 59400in.4
12
ehIym:UDulmuxkat;eGLasÞicKW
I x 59400
Sx = = = 1828in.3
c 32.5
karRtYtBinitüén AISC Equation A-G2-1 nig A-G2-2 bgðajfasRmab; nonhybrid girder
Edlmanmuxkat;sIuemRTI enaH flexural strength nwgmingaylubeday tension flange
yielding dUcenH eKRtUvEtGegátEt compression flange buckling b:ueNÑaH. elIsBIenH
edaysarEt λ < λ p /
Fcr = Fyf = 36ksi
eKRtUvkartémøxageRkamsRmab;kMNt;emKuNkat;bnßyersIusþg; RPG ³
⎛1⎞
Aw = 60⎜ ⎟ = 15.5in.2
⎝4⎠
A f = 18(1.5) = 27in.2
Aw 15.5
ar = = = 0.5741 < 10
Af 27
h 62
= = 248
t w 1/ 4
BI AISC Eqution A-G2-3/
ar ⎛ h ⎞
RPG = 1 − ⎜ − 970 ⎟
⎜ tw
1200 + 300a r Fcr ⎟⎠
⎝
0.5741 ⎛ 970 ⎞
= 1− ⎜⎜ 248 − ⎟⎟ = 0.9639
1200 + 300(0.5741) ⎝ 36 ⎠
BI AISC Equation A-G2-2/ nominal flexural strength KW
M n = S xc RPG Re Fcr
bnÞab;mk Ix =
(5 / 16 )(62 )3
+ 2(1.5)(18)(31.75)2 = 60640in.4
12
I x 60640
Sx = = = 1866in.3
c 32.5
A 19.38
ar = w = = 0.7178 < 10
Af 27
= 0.023(19.38) = 0.556in.2
BI AISC Equation A-F2-4/
2 .5
j= − 2 ≥ 0 .5
(a / h )2
2.5
= − 2 = −0.534
(1.306)2
edaytémørbs; j < 0.5 dUcenHeRbI j = 0.5
m:Um:g;niclPaBEdlRtUvkarKW
I st = at w3 j = 81(5 / 16 )3 (0.5) = 1.24in.4
eRbItémøGtibrmarbs; b / t
95 95
= = 15.8
Fy 36
3708 ≤ M u ≤ 4944
BIrUbTI 10>16/ Vu = 146.5kips enAeBlEdl
223.4 − 4.3x = 146.5kips
Edl x = cm¶ayBIcugxageqVgrbs; girder = 17.72 ft
enARtg;TItaMgdUcKña m:Um:g;Bt;KW
4.34(17.72)2
M u = 223.4(17.72) − = 3277 ft − kips
2
enAkñúgtMbn;EdlkmøaMgkat;FMCag 146.5kips m:Um:gBt;tUcCag 3708 ft − kips dUcenHeKmin
caM)ac;BicarNaGnþrGMeBIénm:Um:g;Bt; nigkmøaMgkat;eT.
eKnwgdak; bearing stiffener Rtg;TRm nigRtg;kNþalElVg. edaysarvaman stiffener
enARtg;kEnøgbnÞúkcMcMNucmanGMeBInImYy² dUcenHeKminRtUvkarGegátPaBFn;rbs;RTnugeTAnwg
bnÞúkTaMgenHeT. RbsinebImindak; stiffener eTenaH eKRtUvkarBarRTnugBI yielding nig
crippling. edIm,IeFVIdUcenH eKRtUvkarRbEvg bearing N RKb;RKan;EdlTamTareday AISC
GacekItmaneT BIeRBaH girder enHman lateral support Cab; ¬EdleFVI[ unbraced length
l = 0 nig (h / t w )(l / b f ) > 2.3 ¦.
sakl,g stiffener 3 4 × 8 BIr. snμt; web-to-flange weld 516 in. nig cutout enAkñúg
stiffener 1 2 in. . RtYtBinitü stiffener enARtg;TRm. Bearing strength KW
φRn = 0.75(1.8Fy A pb )
⎛3⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
A = 2(8)⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟(3.75) = 13.17in.2
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠
3.75(5 / 16 )3 ⎡ 0.75(8)3 5 ⎞ ⎤
2
⎛ 3 ⎞⎛
I= + 2⎢ + 8⎜ ⎟⎜ 4 + ⎟ ⎥ = 271.3in.4
12 ⎢⎣ 12 ⎝ 4 ⎠⎝ 32 ⎠ ⎥⎦
I 271.3
r= = = 4.539in.
A 13.17
KL Kh 0.75(62)
= = = 10.24
r r 4.539
BI AISC Table 3-36/ φc Fcr = 30.43ksi . Design strength KW
φc Pn = φc Fcr A = 30.43(13.17 ) = 401kips > 223.4kips (OK)
edaysarbnÞúkenAkNþalElVgtUcCagRbtikmμ eRbI stiffener dUcKñaenAkNþalElVg
cemøIy³ eRbI plate 3 4 × 8 BIrsRmab; bearing stiffener.
= 1.5(18)(31.75) = 857.2in.3
I x = 60640in.4
.4(857.2)
témøGtibrmarbs; VIu Q = 22360640 = 3.158kips / in.
x
[ ( )] ( ⎛5⎞
)
t (φFBM ) = t 0.90 0.60 Fy = t 0.54 Fy = ⎜ ⎟(0.54)(36)
⎝ 16 ⎠
= 6.075kips / in. < 13.92kips / in.
eRbIersIusþg;TwkbnSarsrub 6.075kips / in. . ersIusþg;TwkbnSarmYyKURbEvg 1.5in.
6.075 × 1.5 = 9.112kips
edIm,IkMNt;KMlat/ yk
9.112 Vu Q
=
s Ix
Edl s CaKMlatEdlKitBIG½kSeTAG½kSrbs;TwkbnSarKitCa in. ehIy
9.112 9.112
s= = = 2.89in.
Vu Q / I x 3.158
edayeRbIKMlatBIG½kSeTAG½kS 2.75in. eyIgnwgTTYl)an clear spacing 2.75 − 1.5 = 1.25in. .
AISC Specification [nUvKMlatminCab;GnuBaØatGtibrmarbs; fillet weld sRmab;karGnuvtþ
sRmab;karTaj
d ≤ 24t b:uEnþminRtUvFMCag 12in.
Edl d = clear spacing KitCa in.
t = kRmas;rbs;bnÞHEdlRtUvpSarEdlesþIgCageKenAkñúg built-up shape
edayGnuvtþkarkMNt;TaMgenH eyIg)an
127t 127(1.5)
= = 31.8in. > 12in.
Fy 36
x = 21.77 ft
enAeBleKeRbIKMlat 13.5in.
9.112 I x 9.112(60640)
Vu = = = 47.75kips
Qs 857.2(13.5)
rUbTI 10>16 bgðajfaminmankmøaMgkat;EdlmantémøtUcEbbenHeT dUcenHeKminGaceRbIKMlat
Gtibrma)aneT.
cemøIy³ eRbI fillert weld 516 in.×1 12 in. sRmab; flange-to-web weblds CamYynwgKMlatdUcbgðaj
enAkñúgrUbTI 10>22.
EdlmanKMlatdUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10>23.
sRmab; bearing stiffener welds³
TMhMGb,brma 165 in. ¬edayQrelIkRmas; t w = 516 in. nig t = 3 4 in. ¦
RbEvgGb,brma = 4⎛⎜⎝ 165 ⎞⎟⎠ = 1.25in. < 1.5in. yk 1.5
cemøIy³ eRbI fillet weld 316 ×1 12 sRmab; bearing stiffener TaMgGs; EdlKMlatRtUv)anbgðajenA
kñúgrUb TI 10>24.
EdlmanlkçN³esdækic©.
eKnwgBicarNakarviPaKrcnasm<½n§sþaTicminkMNt;eRkayBIkarBiPakSatRmUvkarrbs; Specification.
nig h
tw
≤
640
Fy
(US)
h 1680
tw
≤
Fy
(IS)
edIm,IkarBar lateral buckling, AISC F1.2d kMNt; unbraced length Gtibrma Lb Rtg;TItaMg
snøak;)aøsÞicCa L pd EdlsRmab; I-shaped member
3600 + 2200(M 1 / M 2 )
L pd = ry (US) (AISC Equation F1-17)
Fy
24820 + 15170(M 1 / M 2 )
L pd = ry (IS)
Fy
mandUcxageRkam.
T.Chhay 480 Appendix A
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
¬vaminmankmμnþxagkñúgenARtg; A eT eRBaHvaminmansnøak;)aøsÞic¦
collapse load KW
3M p
Pu =
10
Mechanism sRmab;ElVg AB manlkçN³xusKñabnþic³ RKb;snøak;TaMgbICasnøak;)aøsÞic. Virtual work
xagkñúg nig virtual work xageRkAkñúgkrNIKW
2 Pu (15θ ) = M pθ + M p (2θ ) + M pθ
enaH Pu = 152 M p
lT§PaBTIBIrenHRtUvkarbnÞúktUcCag dUcenHvaCa mechanism EdlRtwmRtUv. Collapse load Edlnwg
TTYl)anedayeRbI φb M p CMnYs[ M p
cemøIy³ P u =
2
15
φb M p = (1040) = 139kips
2
15
]TahrN_ A>4³ kMNt; collapse load P sRmab; rigid frame EdlbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI A>6. Ggát;
u
dMeNaHRsay³ W 21×147 Ca compact shape sRmab; F y = 50ksi nigman lateral support Cab; dUc
enHvabMeBjlkçxNÐkñúgkareRbIR)as; plastic analysis.
dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI A>6 eKman failure mode cMnYnbIsRmab;eRKagenH³ Fñwm mechanism enA
kñúgGgát; BC / sway mechanism nigmYyeTotCabnSMén mechanism BIrdMbUg. eyIgcab;epþImkarviPaK
mechanism nImYy²edaydak; virtual rotation θ enARtg;snøak;mYy ehIysresrsmIkarCaGnuKmn_
eTAnwgmMuenH.
Virtual displacement rbs;Fñwm mechanism RtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI A>6 b. BIsmPaBén
kmμnþxageRkA nigkmμnþxagkñúg
⎛5 ⎞ ⎛2 ⎞
Pu (10θ ) = M pθ + M p ⎜ θ ⎟ + M p ⎜ θ ⎟
⎝3 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠
EdleKeRbI M p CMnYs[ φb M p . edaHRsayrk Pu
Pu = 0.3333M p
TRmEdlGgát;nImYy²minmanersIusþg;esμIKña vanwgekIteLIgenAeBlEdlm:Um:g;Bt;esμInwglT§PaBm:Um:g;)aø-
sÞic rbs;Ggát;EdlexSayCag.
sRmab;ElVg AB
kmμnþxageRkA = kmμnþxagkñúg
67.5(5θ ) = M p (2θ + θ ) b¤ M p = 112.5 ft − kips
sRmab;ElVg BC
85.5(10θ ) = M pθ + 2M p (2θ ) + M pθ
5
3
b¤ M p = 128.2 ft − kips
sRmab;ElVg CD
85.5(10θ ) = M p (θ + 2θ + θ )
5
3
b¤ M p = 128.2 ft − kips
Upper-bound theorem RtUv)anbkRsaydUcxageRkam³ témøénm:Um:g;)aøsÞicEdlRtUvKñanwg mechanism
V A = 20.93kips
Appendix B. karKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMEdkedayQrelIkugRtaMgGnuBaØat
Structural Steel Design Based on Allowable Stress
PaBxusKñacMbgrvag allowable stress design nig loads and resistance factor design KW
emKuNsuvtßiPaB. * enAkñúg LRFD eKGnuvtþemKuNbnÞúkeTAelIbnÞúk nigemKuNersIusþg;eTAelIersIusþg;.
elIsBIenH témørbs;emKuNbnÞúkGaRs½ynwgRbePTrbs;bnÞúk nigkarbnSMbnÞúk. enAkñúg allowable
stress design (ASD) eKeRbIEtemKuNsuvtßiPaBmYyKt; ehIyvaRtUv)anGnuvtþeTAelIkugRtaMgEdlman
P = bnÞúkTajtamG½kSeFVIkar
Ft = kugRtaMgTajGnuBaØat
enAkñúgEpñk B>2.
eKeRbI ASD sRmab;eRKOgbgÁúMEdkmuneBlEdlmankarENnaMBI LRFD Specification enAkñúgqñaM
1989. kare)aHBum<elIkcugeRkayrbs; ASD Specification (AISC, 1989b) ehIynig Manual of
*
snμt;faeyIgsÁal; nigyl;BI AISC LRFD Specification nig Manual
]bsm<½n§ B 491 T.Chhay
mhaviTüal½ysMNg;sIuvil NPIC
elIkykEttarag b¤düaRkamNaEdlsMxan;mkbkRsayenAkñúgkarENnaMd¾segçbenH.
ehIykugRtaMgGnuBaØatKW
Ft = 0.5Fy = 0.60(36 ) = 21.6ksi > 20.2ksi (OK)
⎡ (KL / r )2 ⎤
Fcr = Fy ⎢1 − ⎥ (B.7)
⎣⎢ 2Cc2 ⎦⎥
bf
2t f
= 6 .4 ¬BI properties table EdlmanenAkñúg Manual¦
95 95
= = 15.8 > 6.4 (OK)
Fy 36
h
= 25.3
tw
253 253
= = 42.2 > 25.3 (OK)
Fy 36
Design Aids
ASD manual man column design aids EdlmanTRmg;RsedogKñaenAkñúg LRFD Manual.
kñúgcMeNam aids TaMgenHPaKeRcInCataragsRmab;bnÞúktamG½kSGnuBaØat. enAeBleKbBa©ÚlRbEvg
RbsiT§PaB KL niglT§PaBRTbnÞúkeFVIkarEdlTamTareTAkñúgtarag eKGacrk)annUvmuxkat;Edlman
lT§PaBRKb;RKan;)any:agelOn. dUcKñanwg LRFD column load table Edr eKKYeRbIRbEvgRbsiT§PaB
K y L eFobnwgkaMniclPaBGb,brma ry . müa:geToteKGacbBa©Úl K x L / (rx / ry ) .
I = m:Um:g;niclPaBeFobG½kSBt;
S = m:UDulmuxkat;eGLasÞic
200b f 137900
Lc = ≤
Fy ( )
d / A f Fy
(IS)
unsupported.
RbsinebIrUbragCa noncompact
⎛ bf ⎞
Fb = Fy ⎜ 0.79 − 0.002 Fy ⎟ (B.14)
⎜ 2t f ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Edl d= km<s;srubrbs;Fñwm
A f = RkLaépÞrbs;søabrgkarsgát;
Fb = 0.60 Fy
sRmab; 102000Cb Lb
Fy
≤
rT
≤
510000Cb
Fy
yktémøEdlFMCageKkñúgcMeNam
⎡ 2 Fy (Lb / rT )2 ⎤
Fb = ⎢ − ⎥ Fy ≤ 0.60 Fy (US) (inelastic nonuniform warping) (B.18)
⎢⎣ 3 1530000Cb ⎥⎦
⎡ 2 Fy (Lb / rT )2 ⎤
Fb = ⎢ − ⎥ Fy ≤ 0.60 Fy (IS)
⎢⎣ 3 10550000Cb ⎥⎦
nig Fb =
12000Cb
Lb d / A f
≤ 0.60 Fy (US) (uniform warping) (B.19)
82750Cb
Fb = ≤ 0.60 Fy (IS)
Lb d / A f
sRmab; Lb
rT
>
510000Cb
Fy
(US)
Lb
rT
>
3516500Cb
Fy
(IS)
yktémøFMCageKkñúgcMeNam
170000Cb
Fb = ≤ 0.60 Fy (US) (elastic nonuniform warping) (B.20)
(Lb / rT )2
1172150Cb
Fb = ≤ 0.60 Fy (IS)
(Lb / rT )2
nig Fb =
12000Cb
Lb d / A f
≤ 0.60 Fy (US) (uniform warping) (B.19)
82750Cb
Fb = ≤ 0.60 Fy (IS)
Lb d / A f
Shear
kugRtaMgkmøaMgRtUv)anKNnaedayykbnÞúkkmøaMgkat;eFVIkarGtibrmaEcknwgRkLaépÞRTnug.
V V
fv = ≈
Aw t w d
kugRtaMgkmøaMgkat;KWQrelI shear yielding ehIyRtUv)anykesμInwgBIrPaKbIénkugRtaMgTaj
GnuBaØatelI gross section.
Fv =
2
3
2
( )
Ft = 0.60 Fy = 0.40 Fy
3
(B.21)
Lb = 10 ft < Lc
dUcenHFñwmCa laterally supported beam.
b¤ Fb =
12000Cb
Lb d / A f
≤ 0.60 Fy
12000(1.14)
= = 45.97ksi
(15 × 12)(16.97 ) / (10.42 × 0.985)
lT§plxagelImantémøFMCag 0.60Fy = 0.60(36) = 21.6ksi . dUcenHyk
T.Chhay 504 Appendix B
viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa Department of Civil Engineering
Fb = 0.60 Fy = 21.6ksi
m:Um:g;Bt;GtibrmaKW
M = Fb S = 21.6(175) = 3780in.kips = 315 ft − kips
cemøIy³ b) m:Um:g;Gtibrma = 315 ft − kips
c) sRmab;ElVgEdlmanRbEvg 40 ft
Lb 40(12) 510000Cb
= = 170.8 > = 127
rT 2.81 Fy
yk Fb = 17.24ksi . m:Um:g;GtibramKW
M = Fb S = 17.24(175) = 3017in. − kips = 251 ft − kips
cemøIy³ c) m:Um:g;Gtibrma = 251 ft − kips .
Design Aids
sRmab;FñwmPaKeRcInEdlmanenAkñúg LRFD Manual k¾manenAkñúg ASD Manual Edr.
Design aids
varYmmanTaMg design chart Edl[ allowable bending moment CaGnuKmn_én unbraced length
sRmab;rUbragEdleKeRbIsRmab;FñwmCaTUeTA. ExSekagTaMgenHQrelI Cb = 1.0 b:uEnþeKminGaceRbIvaeday
pÞal;sRmab;témøepSgeTotrbs; Cb eT edaysar allowable stress Fb minsmamaRtedaypÞal;eTAnwg
Cb .
B >5> Beam-Columns
eKviPaKGgát;eRKOgbgÁúMEdlrgTaMgkugRtaMgBt; nigkugRtaMgtamG½kSCamYynwgsmIkarGnþrGMeBI
edayKitpleFobkugRtaMgCak;EsþgelIkugRtaMgGnuBaØat. ASD Specification equation KW
f a f bx f by
+ + ≤ 1 .0
Fa Fbx Fby
C m = 1.0 RbsinebIcugminRtUv)anTb;
eKRtUvRtYtBinitüsmIkarGnþrGMeBIxageRkam³
RbsinebI f a / Fa ≤ 0.15 / eKminRtUvkar moment amplification ehIy
f a f bx f by
+ + ≤ 1.0 (B.24)
Fa Fbx Fby
f by
nig fa f
+ bx +
0.6 Fa Fbx Fby
≤ 1. 0 (B.26)
dMeNaHRsay³ kugRtaMgrgkarsgát;tamG½kS
P 100
fa = = = 6.944ksi
Ag 14.4
KNnakugRtaMgsgát;GnuBaØat
Slenderness ration GtibrmaKW
KyL 1.0(15)(12 )
= = 70.87
ry 2.54
BIsmIkar B.8
2π 2 E 2π 2 (29000 )
Cc = = = 126.1
Fy 36
f bv = 0
KNnakugRtaMgBt;GnuBaØat
BIsmIkar B.12
76b f 76(10.00 )
= = 126.7in. = 10.6 ft
Fy 36
20000 20000
= = 311.7in. = 26.0 ft
(
d / A f Fy ) 9.98
(36)
0.560(10.00 )
témøEdltUcCaglub dUcenH Lc = 10.6 ft . RbEvgenHKWtUcCag unbraced length Lb = 15 ft dUcenH
Ggát;enHRtUv)aneKKitCa laterally unsupported beam. edaysarGgát;enHRtUv)anTb;nwg sidesway
dUcenHyk Cb = 1.0
102000Cb 102000(1.0 )
= = 53.2
Fy 36
510000Cb 510000(1.0 )
= = 119
Fy 36
Lb 15(12 )
rT
=
2.74
¬ rT RtUv)anerobCataragenAkñúg Manual¦
= 65.69
edaysar 53.2 < Lb / rT < 119 yktémøEdlKNnaCamYynwgsmIkar B.18 nig B.19 EdlFMCagEtmin
RtUvFMCagEdnkMNt;x<s;bMputén
0.60 Fy = 0.60(36 ) = 21.6ksi
BIsmIkar B.18
⎡ 2 Fy (Lb / rT )2 ⎤ ⎡ 2 36(65.69 )2 ⎤
⎢ − ⎥ Fy = ⎢ − ⎥ = 20.34ksi
⎢⎣ 3 1530000Cb ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 3 1530000(1.0 )⎥⎦
BIsmIkar B.19
12000Cb 12000(1.0 )
= = 37.4ksi
lb d / A f (15 × 12)(9.98) / (0.560 × 10.00)
témøEdl)ansmIkarTaMgBIrxagelIFMCag 0.6Fy dUcenH
Fbx = 0.60 Fy = 21.6ksi
RtYtBinitüsmIkar B.25
BIsmIkar B.22
M1 ⎛ 35 ⎞
C m = 0 .6 − 0 .4 = 0.6 − 0.4⎜ − ⎟ = 0.8333
M2 ⎝ 60 ⎠
Slenderness ratio EdleRbIkñúgkarKNna F 'ex KW
KLb K x L 1.0(15)(12 )
= = = 41.38
rb rx 4.35
12π 2 E 12π 2 (29000 )
ehIy F 'ex = = = 87.21ksi
23(K x L / rx )2 23(41.38)2
fa C mx f bx 0.8333(13.19 )
+ = 0.4250 + = 0.978 < 1.0 (OK)
Fa ⎛ fa ⎞ ⎛ 6.944 ⎞
⎜⎜1 − ⎟⎟ Fbx ⎜1 − ⎟21.6
⎝ F 'ex ⎠ ⎝ 87.21 ⎠
cemøIy³ W 10 × 49 RKb;RKan;
Design Aids
eRkABItarag nigdüaRkamsRmab;KNnassr nigFñwm principal Manual design aid sRmab;
beam-column CataragéntémøefrsRmab;eRbIkñúgkareRCIserIsmuxkat;dMbUg (Burgett, 1973). témøefr
pgEdr.