CL351: Chemical Engineering Lab-II Semester 1, 2014-2015 IIT Gandhinagar
CL351: Chemical Engineering Lab-II Semester 1, 2014-2015 IIT Gandhinagar
CL351: Chemical Engineering Lab-II Semester 1, 2014-2015 IIT Gandhinagar
Semester 1, 2014-2015
IIT Gandhinagar
Theory:
At high Reynolds number (Re > 2100) the flow pattern is said to be turbulent
and the fluid flows in a very unordered manner. Heat transfer in turbulent
flow is calculated by using film theory and Nusselt number using Dittus-
Boelter equation.
In a scenario where the cold fluid and the hot fluid are separated by a wall of
mentioned properties, the overall heat transfer coefficient is given by:
1 1 x 1 1
= + w + =
U i Ai hi A i k w A w ho A o U o A o
The middle term is neglected. And in our case we assume that Ai = Ao.
Hence,
1 1 1
= +
U i hi ho
Now, for a very small hi inside resistance becomes the controller which is
expressed by equation
1 1
=
U i hi
Nu=0.023( )0.8( Pr )n
Procedure:
Switch was turned on and cold fluid was allowed to flow through the outer
pipe. Constant flow rate is maintained for cold fluid whereas a regulator was
used for changing the flow rate of hot fluid. Now for a certain value of hot
fluid flow rate temperature readings for hot and cold fluids were noted, also
the flow rate was measured by noting the time taken by the oil to reach up to
a certain level in container. 10 sets of readings were noted assuring the
steady state every time.
logm
2.65
f(x) = 1.21x - 1.82
2.6
2.55
2.5
log
2.45
2.4
2.35
2.3
2.25
2.2
3.4 3.45 3.5 3.55 3.6 3.65 3.7
0 f(x) = 5.45x - 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(
( T 1t1 ) (T 2t 2)
LMTD =
(
ln
T 1t 1
T 2 t 2 ) ) = 20.24 oC
Results:
Overall heat transfer coefficient = 2780.14 kcal/hr-m2-0C
hi observed = 3224.64 kcal/hr-m2-0C
hi predicted = 10123.54 kcal/hr-m2-0C