Pre-Board Exam (Theory and History of Architecture)

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Pre-Board Exam: Theory and History of Architecture

1. Marble mosaic pattern used on ceilings of vaults and domes.
Opus Tesselatum
2. The characteristic of Greek ornament.

Anthemion
3. Orientation of the Greek temple is towards the ___?

East
4. Orientation of the Etruscan temple is towards the ___.

South
5. Semi-palatial house surrounded by an open site.

Villa
6. The memorial column built in the form of tall Doric order and made entirely of marble is;
Trajans Colum
7. This church, 1st built by the Augustinian Fr. Miguel Murguia, has an unusually large bell which
was made from approximately 70 sacks of coins donated by the towns people
Panay Cathedral in Capiz
8. The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Greek City.

Acropolis
9. Amphitheaters are used for ___.

Gladiatorial Contests
10. The open court in an Italian palazzo.

Cortel
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11. Architect of the Bi-Nuclear House, the H-Plan.
Marcel Lajos Breuer
Feedback
The original title of Marcel Breuer's December 1943 article for California Arts & Architecture was "Design
for Postwar Living." But he changed it to "On a Design of a Bi-Nuclear House." [Actually, on the typescript,
he wrote "By Nuclear," which is either a non-native English speaker's error, or a slip revealing Breuer's top
secret involvement in the Manhattan Project.]
The highly technical bi-nuclear house would ideally suit the needs of "the postwar man" who will "tend to
use his mechanical equipment to supply color and balance to his life, especially if he is returning from the
war. His mechanized world, his job, will probably only keep him busy not more than three or four days a
week. He will quite naturally want to utilize his free time around the house, which ought to be a more
versatile instrument."
In 1943 Breuer envisioned the postwar house split into "two separate zones," one for living and socializing
[including "eating, sport, games, gardening, visitors (and) radio"], and the other for "concentration, work,
and sleeping." ["The bedrooms are designed and dimensioned so that they may be used as private
studies."] After all those years in bunks and tents, it sounded like the postwar man needed his space,
someplace quiet to be alone.
12. The space between the colonnade and the naos wall in Greek temple.
Pteroma
13. Expressionist Architect.

Erich Mendelsohn
14. Greek architecture was essentially...

Columnar trabeated
15. In early Christian churches, the bishop took the central place at the end of the church called ___.
Apse
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16. Sculptor for the Bonifacio Monument.

Guillermo Tolentino
17. What art principle shows the relationships between the various parts of an object/structure/groups
of objects and structures?
Proportion
18. Architect of the World Trade Center.

Minoru Yamasaki
19. The colosseum in Rome also known as the "flavian amphitheater" was commenced by whom and
completed by whom?
Vespasian / Domitian
Feedback
It was begun under the reign of the emperor Vespasian and probably finished under the reign of
his son Titus. The arena can hold up to 20,000 spectators. The interior is mostly intact and one
can still see parts of gears which were used to lift cages up to the arena floor.
In the year 305, the arena was the setting for the persecutions of the patron of Pozzuoli, Saint
Proculus, and the patron saint of Naples, Saint Januarius. After surviving being thrown to the wild
beasts in the arena, the two were beheaded at the nearby Solfatara.
The elliptical structure measures 147 x 117 meters (482 x 384 feet), with the arena floor
measuring 72.22 x 42.33 meters (237 x 139 feet).
The amphitheater can be visited by taking line number 2 of the Naples, Italy subway, and getting
off at the Pozzuoli stop.
The Flavian Amphitheater is the second of two Roman amphitheaters built in Pozzuoli. The
smaller and older amphitheater (Anfiteatro minore) has been almost totally destroyed by the
construction of the Rome to Naples railway line. Only a dozen arches of this earlier work still
exist. This lesser amphitheater measured 130 x 95 meters (427 x 312 feet).
The site of the structure was chosen at the nearby crossing of roads from Naples, Capua and
Cumae. It was abandoned when it was partially buried by eruptions from the Solfatara volcano. It
was during the medieval period that the marble used on the exterior was stripped. This had the
fortunate result of leaving the interior alone and perfectly preserved. Excavations of the site were
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performed 1839 to 1845, 1880 to 1882, and finally in 1947.
Known since the middle ages as the Colosseum because of the 100-foot-tall statue of the Sun
god moved next to it by Hadrian (A.D. 76-138), this amphitheater was built by Vespasian in the
valley between the Velia, the Esquiline and the Caelian Hills. The area had been a pond in the
private gardens of Nero's Golden House. Vespasian restored it to public use for the popular
animal hunts and gladiatorial games. The complex, which could hold ca. 45-50,000 spectators,
replaced an earlier amphitheater elsewhere in the city that was destroyed in the great fire of A.D.
64. Despite the protest of Christian thinkers, the gladiatorial fights continued until well into the
Christian period, ending in the fifth century A.D. The animal hunts continued a century longer.
20. Public buildings are important structures in Greek architecture. What do you call the town square
used as center of Greek social and business life?
Agora
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Pre-Board Exam: Theory and History of Architecture

2. The characteristic of Greek ornament.

3. Orientation of the Greek temple is towards the ___?

4. Orientation of the Etruscan temple is towards the ___.

5. Semi-palatial house surrounded by an open site.

Panay Cathedral in Capiz

8. The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Greek City.

9. Amphitheaters are used for ___.

10. The open court in an Italian palazzo.

11. Architect of the Bi-Nuclear House, the H-Plan.

Marcel Lajos Breuer

13. Expressionist Architect.

14. Greek architecture was essentially...

16. Sculptor for the Bonifacio Monument.

18. Architect of the World Trade Center.

performed 1839 to 1845, 1880 to 1882, and finally in 1947.

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