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    04 Nonideal Transformer PDF

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    chacher
    (1) The open circuit test yields Zoc = 37.3∠-90° Ω and the short circuit test yields Zsc = 195∠-90° Ω. (2) With a generator voltage of 8000 V, generator impedance of 0.3+j1.6 Ω, and load impedance of 10∠35° Ω, the load voltage is 240 V, load current is 4 A, average load power is 960 W, and transformer efficiency is 96%.

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    04 Nonideal Transformer PDF

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    chacher
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    (1) The open circuit test yields Zoc = 37.3∠-90° Ω and the short circuit test yields Zsc = 195∠-90° Ω. (2) With a generator voltage of 8000 V, generator impedance of 0.3+j1.6 Ω, and load impedance of 10∠35° Ω, the load voltage is 240 V, load current is 4 A, average load power is 960 W, and transformer efficiency is 96%.

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    04 Nonideal Transformer.pdf

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    (1) The open circuit test yields Zoc = 37.3∠-90° Ω and the short circuit test yields Zsc = 195∠-90° Ω. (2) With a generator voltage of 8000 V, generator impedance of 0.3+j1.6 Ω, and load impedance of 10∠35° Ω, the load voltage is 240 V, load current is 4 A, average load power is 960 W, and transformer efficiency is 96%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    200 views20 pages

    04 Nonideal Transformer PDF

    Uploaded by

    chacher
    (1) The open circuit test yields Zoc = 37.3∠-90° Ω and the short circuit test yields Zsc = 195∠-90° Ω. (2) With a generator voltage of 8000 V, generator impedance of 0.3+j1.6 Ω, and load impedance of 10∠35° Ω, the load voltage is 240 V, load current is 4 A, average load power is 960 W, and transformer efficiency is 96%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses different aspects of ideal and non-ideal transformer models including leakage inductances, core losses, and copper losses.

    The main types of losses discussed in a transformer are copper losses, core losses including hysteresis loss and eddy current loss.

    Open circuit and short circuit tests are used to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a transformer. The open circuit test measures the no-load characteristics while the short circuit test measures the short circuit characteristics.

    Non-ideal Transformer

    Non-Ideal Transformer (1)

    (1) r

    N i Ni
    R core N p i p N s i s p p s s
    R core
    d d N p i p Nsis
    vp N p Np
    dt dt R core
    N 2p d N s
    i p is
    R core dt N p
    Non-Ideal Transformer (2)

    N 2p d N
    vp ip s
    is
    R core dt N p

    N p2
    Define: L M Magnetizing inductance, very large
    R core
    Ns
    iM ip is Magnetizing current
    Np

    di M
    v p LM
    dt
    Non-Ideal Transformer (3)

    (2) Leakage Inductance:

    d p
    Primary: vp N p
    dt
    p M lp
    N i Ni N 2p
    M p p s s Llp
    R core R lp
    Non-Ideal Transformer (4)
    d M d lp
    vP N p Np
    dt dt
    d N pip Nsis d Npip
    Np N p
    dt Rcore dt Rlp N p2
    Llp
    N 2p d N sis N p di p
    2 Rlp
    i p
    Rcore dt N p Rlp dt
    diM dip di p
    LM Llp v ' p Llp
    dt dt dt
    Secondary:
    s M ls

    Nsis
    d s d M d ls di ls
    vs N s Ns Ns v 's L ls s R ls
    dt dt dt dt N s2
    Lls
    Rls
    Non-Ideal Transformer (5)
    Ns di
    di p is Lls
    ip Llp Np is
    dt s

    Llp LM Ldt
    ls
    v' p Np
    vp v' s
    iM Ns vs

    Llp and Lls are small leakage inductances


    di p d d M
    vP v ' p Llp v 'p N p M v 's N s
    dt dt dt

    dis Ns
    vs v's Lls iM i p is
    dt Np
    Non-Ideal Transformer (6)

    (3) Core Loss


    Eddy current loss
    Non-Ideal Transformer (7)

    Hysteresis loss :
    (No consideration on leakage,
    eddy current loss and copper loss)
    1 T T

    Physterisis
    T 0
    v p (t)i p (t)dt 0 v s (t)i s (t)dt

    1 T d(t)
    is (t)dt
    T d(t)
    Np i p (t)dt N s
    T 0 dt 0 dt
    1 T d 1
    (N p ip N s is ) dt (Rcore )d
    T 0 dt T
    1 area of the
    (HlC )d (BAc ) ( AC lC ) HdB hysterisis loop
    T
    f
    volume of the core

    (4) Copper Loss (winding loss)


    Rigorous Equivalent Circuit Model (1)

    N
    X M LM , X p Llp , X s Lls , n p

    Ns
    Rigorous Equivalent Circuit Model (2)
    Primary side model:

    Secondary side model:


    Approximate Equivalent Circuit Model (1)

    Primary side model:

    Most Popular
    Approximate Equivalent Circuit Model (2)

    Secondary side model:

    Or:
    Transformer Efficiency

    Pout 100%
    Pin
    Pin Pout Ploss
    Ploss PCopper PCore PCopper PEddy PHysterisis
    Pout Vs I s cosload Re(VsI*s)
    P V I cos Re(V I* )
    in p p p p p
    Open Circuit and
    Short Circuit Tests
    Open Circuit Test (1)

    Open

    VOC IOC POC


    Open Circuit Test (2)

    VOC I OC POC

    POC VOC I OC cos OC


    POC
    OC cos 1
    lagging (inductive)
    V I
    OC OC
    VOC
    Z OC exp( j OC )
    I OC
    1 1
    YOC 1 / Z OC
    RC jX M
    1 1
    RC XM
    real(Y OC ) imag (Y OC )
    Short Circuit Test (1)

    VSC ISC PSC


    Short Circuit Test (2)


    VSC ISC PSC
    PSC V S C I S C cos SC
    PSC
    SC cos 1
    lagging (inductive)
    VSCISC
    V
    Z SC SC exp( j SC ) Req jX eq
    I SC
    Req real(Z S C ), X eq imag(Z S C )
    Example 2 (1)
    The open circuit test and short circuit test of a 20 kVA, 8000/240 V, 60 Hz
    transformer were performed on the primary side (measurement on primary side) .
    The test date are give below:

    Open Circuit Test Short Circuit Test


    Voc = 8000 V Vsc = 489 V
    Ioc = 0.214 A Isc = 2.5 A
    Poc = 400 W Psc = 240 W

    (1) Find the equivalent circuit impedances of the transformer;


    (2) If the generator voltage is 8000 V (rms), the generator impedance is 0.3+j1.6
    and the secondary side has a load of 10 35 o find voltage across the load ,
    current through the load, average power of the load and transformer efficiency.
    Example 2 (2)

    Procedure is in trans2.m.

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