Training Systems for

Smart Grid and Micro Grid

Adaptable modular design allows easy
integration into existing programs.

INDUSTRY

UNIVERSITY

COMMUNITY
COLLEGE
 Why should you choose training systems
and services from Lucas-Nuelle?

Your benefits, our guarantee: Service/Support Benefits:

Training Benefits: ü
Over 40-years experience and expertise in more
than 100 countries and 30 languages worldwide
ü
Knowledge transfer through blended e-learning
and hands-on skills through modern trainers ü
Cost-effective one-stop turn-key laboratory solutions

ü
Parallel and rotational training methods according ü
Lifetime support offered through product specialists
to Instructor/Trainer preference and engineers

ü
Highly flexible experiment set-ups using unique ü
Extensive after-sales-service and support with local
integrated/independent modular designed trainers US presence (Williamsburg, VA)

ü
Classroom/laboratory and exam management
software tools
Governmental/Industrial Benefits:

ü
Educational programs designed to support the latest
Software Benefits: Industrial technology trends and requirements

ü
Local or cloud based education using our LabSoft ü
Industrial trained technicians, engineers and skilled
suite software environment for all training systems workforce that encourage, promote and support
local industrial growth
ü
Complete Virtual Instrumentation with curriculum
integration available ü
Complete program development process from
consulting, curriculum implementation, facility
ü
Full classroom progress transparency for
planning, setup and training
educators and trainers using our management
software tools ü
Multiple lab options available for working with
the restrictions of budget, human resources and
ü
Possible curriculum integration with popular SCORM
educational time spent managing students while
1.2 LMS systems, i.e. Moodle, Blackboard etc.
improving the effectiveness of your teaching staff

Hardware Benefits:

ü
State-of-the-art and up-to-date technology

ü
Durable and student proofed quality engineered
trainers

ü
Instructionally safe for students and equipment
according to IEC, DIN, UL and CSA standards

ü
Sole-source developed and engineered for
comprehensive tailor-made laboratory solutions

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Contents

Background and developments in the US energy market ....................................................................................................... 4

Energy infrastructure and the smart grid in the USA .............................................................................................................. 5
From Power Generation Through to Consumption ................................................................................................................ 6
Networked Systems in the Power Engineering Laboratory ..................................................................................................... 8
Block diagram: ”Smart Grid Trainer“ – Power with Brains ....................................................................................................10
“Smart Grid” – Intelligent Mains Networks ......................................................................................................................... 12
Block diagram: ”Micro Grid Trainer“ – Control of stand-alone networks ............................................................................. 14
“Micro Grid“ – Off-grid Control / Island Mode ................................................................................................................... 16
Additional Features of Smart Grid / Micro Grid .................................................................................................................... 18

For more information about the entire Lucas-Nuelle Power Engineering Program please refer to our main catalog:
”Training Systems for Electrical Power Engineering“

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 Background and developments
in the US energy market

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is predicting a continuous rise in the energy and electricity requirements of the
US until 2035, assuming annual economic growth. It is expected that environmental regulations and political targets for CO2
reduction will lead to a massive increase in the proportion of energy and electricity contributed by renewable sources.

Diagram: US electricity generation 1990-2040 by energy sources (in trillions of kWh per annum)

History 2015 Projections

6

4
Natural gas

3
Renewables
Nuclear
2

1
Coal
Petroleum liquids and other
0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration - Annual Energy Outlook 2014 with projections to 2040

About 33% of the annual increase in power generated between 2010 and 2035 is expected to come from renewable energy
sources. Even according to conservative estimates by the EIA, renewable energy sources, including conventional hydroelectric
power, will contribute 16% of the electricity generated by 2040.

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Energy infrastructure and
the smart grid in the USA

With increased use of renewable energy sources, which The topic of smart grids has once more come to the
can only generate electricity at certain times (solar energy forefront of the national political agenda thanks to
requires sunlight, wind energy needs to have wind etc.). President Obama’s American Reinvestment and Recovery
In order to achieve improvements in the efficiency of the Act (ARRA). In addition to improved reliability of the
grid, implementation of smart-grid technologies is going national electrical grid, this also places greater efficiency,
to grow in importance. The term smart grid refers to a higher security (cyber security), reductions in greenhouse
new generation of electrical grids in which IT components gases and encouraging consumers of electricity to manage
and provision of real-time data will make it possible to their consumption more efficiently, as well as allowing the
manage energy more efficiently. This is in order to handle integration of non-centralized renewable energy sources
load compensation across periods
of peak loading and those when
the demand is weak, as well as
to enable flexible adaptation
between times when energy is
being generated and when it is
being stored.

According to the American

Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE),
large parts of the electrical
grid have already reached the
end of their lifespans and are
exhibiting problems due to
their age. Investment in power
supply networks has already risen
considerably over the last few
years.

The ASCE estimates that the

investment in distribution
infrastructure which will be
necessary until the year 2020 will
be on the order of $57 billion with another $37 billion of and electric vehicles, at the top of the political agenda.
investment in the transmission line infrastructure. The ARRA is already making available $4.5 billion in
Some communities and energy providers are attempting funding for modernization of electricity distribution and
to compensate for capacity overloads with time-based improving resistance to failure.
pricing programs. Such “hourly pricing programs” The increase in renewable energy within the US electrical
have been introduced into large cities and certain other grid is also leading to increased demand for ways of
communities by the Center of Neighborhood Technologies storing electricity, since renewable energies may not be
in conjunction with the local energy suppliers. Depending able to provide power at the time when it is actually
on the time of day or time of year, the prices per kilowatt- needed.
hour are adjusted to market conditions (relative to
demand).

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 From Power Generation
Through to Consumption

The Smart Electrical Power Grid of the Future

Using the Lucas-Nülle equipment sets, it is possible to model an entire power supply grid from power generation all the

Transmission network
way to ultimate consumption.

Hydroelectric power plant

Nuclear power plant

Extremely
high voltage

Coal-burning power plant

Substation
HVDC

Offshore wind power station

Medium-load power plant

Industrial power plant

High voltage

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Distribution network

Wind power plant

Solar power plant

Industrial consumer Industrial consumer

Low voltage

11001010
Local grid Smart-grid control centre

Hybrid and All Electric

Municipal grid

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 Networked Systems
in the Power Engineering Laboratory

The Smart Lab:

Safe and easy to design! Investigate intelligent power grids in the lab!
The equipment sets for Smart Grid and Micro Grid can be combined with each other as required. For example, take the
power obtained from renewable energy sources and transmit this power via a line model, use a transformer to step it up or
down and distribute it to any number of consumers using the double busbars. The bus systems can be centrally evaluated
and controlled using our SCADA Power-Lab software. This makes it possible to study the influence of renewable energy
generation in laboratories. A host of scenarios can be emulated, such as the following:

• Charging of electric cars when there is a surplus of wind energy

• Storage of excess energy in pumped-storage hydroelectric plants
• Disconnection of consumers to reduce peak load
• Compensating for energy deficits by means of pumped-storage hydroelectric power

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 SCADA Control Center
Energy Management

Generation Transmission Protection Distribution Consumption

Sample Layout

9
 ”Smart Grid Trainer“ – Power with Brains

ESG 1.1 ESG 1.2 EDC 1 EWG 1

ESG 1.1 EDC 1

Three-phase double busbar systems HVDC High-voltage direct current transmission
Three-phase Transmission Lines Control of intermediate circuit voltage
Overcurrent time protection for lines STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator
Synchronization with the mains
ESG 1.2 Control of HVDC reactive power
Various lengths of HVDC lines
Complex loads
Passive consumers with HVDC
Power consumption measurement
Dynamic loads
EWG 1
Compensation of reactive power
Wind power plants
DFIG (Double Fed Induction Generator)
FRT (Fault Ride Through)

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EPH 3 EUG EUG 3 EUT EUL & ELP

EPH 3 EUT
Professional photovoltaic Transformers
Emulation of PV power plants Multiphase transformer

EUG EUL & ELP

Generator control High-voltage transmission lines
Manually operated synchronizing circuits Three phase cables
Automatic synchronizing circuits Combined networks of cables and lines
Automatic power control Load-dependent voltage regulation
Automatic power factor control Step-up transformer
Step-down transformer
EUG 3 Protection for high-voltage transmission lines
Pumped storage hydroelectric power plant Overvoltage and undervoltage protection

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 “Smart Grid” – Intelligent Mains Networks

Smart Grid – Control Center

This equipment set forms the core for a smart grid in a power generation lab. In addition to generation, transmission and
distribution of energy, the SCADA software records all relevant values and handles the requisite switching operations. This
can be done manually or automatically by means of our PLC software system.

Example experiment “Smart grid: Generation, distribution and transmission of electrical power ESG 1.1”

Training contents
Three-phase double busbar system • Voltage drop as a function of cos phi
• Basic circuits for a three-pole double busbar system • Capacitive and inductive power losses in a transmission line
• Three-phase double busbar systems with load as a function of voltage and current
• Busbar transfer without interrupting feed • Phase-shift along the line
• Finding switching algorithms for various switching
­operations Definite time overcurrent protection for lines
• Busbar coupling • Rating and parameters for definite time overcurrent
Investigations on three-phase transmission lines ­protection
• Voltage rises in unloaded transmission lines • Determine returning ratio (differential) for short circuits
• Voltage drop as a function of line length involving one, two or three poles

ESG 1.1 equipment set

12 Lucas-Nuelle
Smart Grid – Energy Management
The topic of energy management includes switching off consumers to reduce peak loads as well as reactive load compensation
for reducing losses along transmission lines. The asynchronous machine in our set can be dynamically loaded by means of the
machine test stand in order to simulate variable changes in load over time on the entire electrical power grid. Such changes in
load are recorded by the Smart Grid Control Center so that suitable corrective actions can be taken to keep the grid stable.

Optional supplementary sets are also

available for the Smart Grid:
• HVDC direct current­­transmission (EDC1)
• Wind power plants (EWG1)
• Professional photovoltaic (EPH3)
• Power Generation (EUG)
• Pumped storage power plant (EUG3)
• Transformers (EUT)
• Power Transmission (EUL)
• Power Protection (ELP)

For more information please refer to

our main catalog: ”Training Systems
for Electrical Power Engineering“

Example experiment “Smart grid: Energy management ESG 1.2“

Training contents
Complex loads, metering of electricity consumption Manual and automatic reactive power
and monitoring of peak load ­compensation
• Three-phase load in star and delta configurations (R, L, • Putting asynchronous machines into operation and
C, RL, RC or RLC load) record­ing parameters
• Measurements with active and reactive work meters • Manual reactive power compensation
• Automatic reactive power compensation
Dynamic loads
• Dynamic three-phase loads (asynchronous motors)
• Power measurement when energy is being fed in and
fed out

ESG 1.2 equipment set

Lucas-Nuelle 13
 ”Micro Grid Trainer“ –
Control of stand-alone networks

EMG 1 EMG 2

EMG 1
Stand-alone operation
Control of a generator in a stand-alone network
Coordination of energy needs and generating capacity
Networked sensors/actuators, PLC control and the SCADA operating environment
”Smart metering“ of a ”slack bus“ to make a sub-network autonomous
Manual, Voltage and Frequency control

EMG 2
Isolated parallel operation
Control of multiple generators in a stand-alone network & parallel generation mode
Coordination of energy needs and generating capacity
Networked sensors/actuators, PLC control and the SCADA operating environment
Manual, Voltage, Frequency, Torque, Power factor (cos phi) and Droop control

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 EWG 1 EPH 3 EUC 2

EWG 1 EUC 2
Wind power plants Dynamic loads
DFIG (Double Fed Induction Generator) Dynamic, three-phase load (asynchronous motor)
FRT (Fault Ride Through) Power measurement in the case of energy-flow reversal

EPH 2
Professional photovoltaic
Emulation of PV power plants

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 ”Micro Grid“ – Off-grid Control / Island Mode

Stand-alone or off-grid operation

The stand-alone power network is a type of power supply network that is isolated and has no active coupling lines to other
mains power systems. An off-grid or stand-alone network is noticeably smaller than an interconnected power grid system
and as a rule does not incorporate any extra-high-voltage lines. For these kinds of grids, a distinction is drawn between two
different operating modes, stand-alone mode and isolated parallel mode. This type of power network is frequently used in
industrial power systems found in large-scale businesses.

Experiment example “Isolated mode” EMG1

Training content
• Fundamentals of stand-alone off-grid networks.
• Controlling a generator in an off-grid network.
• Coordinating power consumption (requirements) and generation in an off-grid network.
• Use of modern information technology, e.g. networked sensors/actuators, PLC control systems and SCADA user
interfaces
• “Smart Metering” of a balanced node in order to make a subnetwork autonomous.
• Manual control
• Voltage control
• Frequency control

EMG 1 equipment set

16 Lucas-Nuelle
Isolated parallel mode / micro grid
When this off-grid network is connected to the smart grid it is referred to as a micro grid. This grid has three different
­operating modes: on-grid, off-grid and dual mode. The micro grid features the following benefits:

• Reduction of transmission and transformer losses • Intelligently controlled power supply and consumption thanks
• Independence from large power suppliers (utilities) to SCADA
• Smart-grid as back-up system • Power generation with renewable energy sources
• Optimum electrical power quality, reliability and sustainability
Micro grids are playing an ever more prominent role in the smart grids of tomorrow.

Optional supplementary sets are

also available for the standalone
Micro Grid:
• Wind power plants (EWG1)
• Professional photovoltaic (EPH3)
• Dynamic consumers (EUC2)

For more information please refer to

our main catalog: ”Training Systems
for Electrical Power Engineering“

Experiment sample “Island parallel mode with two generators“ EMG2

Training content
• Control of multiple generators in a stand-alone • “Smart Metering” of a “slack bus” or balanced node to
(off-grid) network make subnetworks autonomous.
• Control of multiple generators in parallel operating • Manual control
mode • Voltage control
• Coordinating of energy needs and generation inside a • Frequency control
stand-alone network
• Torque control
• Use of state-of-the-art information technology like
• Power factor (cos phi) control
networked sensors/actuators, PLC control and SCADA
• Droop control
operating environment

EMG 2 equipment set

Lucas-Nuelle 17
 Additional Features of Smart Grid / Micro Grid

Modular Integration of Regenerative Power

­Generation into a Smart Grid:

• Photovoltaic
• Wind power
• Storage of electrical energy by means of pumped storage
hydroelectricity
• Conventional power generation
• Transmission and distribution
• Energy management (coordination of dynamic power
genera­tion and consumption)

SCADA Software in a Smart Grid

• Implementation, control and analysis of complex, intelli-

gent grids (smart grids)
• SCADA software adapted for education
• SCADA PLC: Integrated software PLC (IEC 61131)
• SCADA Logger: Recording, display, evaluation and export
of all values recorded in a given period
• SCADA Designer: Symbolic layout of all equipment from
Lucas-Nülle’s energy supply range on a user interface
• SCADA Viewer: Display and control of measurements
and status from all computers on the network
• SCADA Net: The client/server concept makes it possible
to remotely access systems on the smart grid from multi-
ple (student) PCs at the same time.
• SCADA Panel Designer: Design your own control panels

Smart measuring instruments:

• Smart measuring instruments with a variety of controls

and ability to communicate via various interfaces
(e.g. LAN, RS485, USB)
• Measurement and control of all relevant variables by
means of smart meters and high-powered switches
• SCADA Net-compatible: Display and control of mea-
surements and status from any PC on the network

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The Whole is Greater than the Sum of its Parts

Lucas-Nuelle is a byword for custom occupational training courses

in all of the following areas:

Refrigeration and
Building management systems Telecommunications
­air-conditioning technology

Electrical power engineering Process control Microcontrollers

Renewable energies Electropneumatics, hydraulics Automation technology

Power electronics,
electrical machines, Instrumentation Automotive technology
drive technology

Fundamentals of electrical
Metal technology Lab systems
­engineering & electronics

Further information on our products can be found at www.lucas-nuelle.com

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Lucas-Nuelle, Inc.
3909 Midlands Road, Suite E
Williamsburg, VA 23188
phone: 804 794 2656
email: [email protected]

Technology from around the world,

service from around the corner.

LN Expertise:

• Supply of laboratory equipment and furniture

• Target oriented project design
• All-in-one services from concept to realization
• One-stop turn-key solutions
• Trusted and experienced in the field of technical

Ref.-Nr. K-E2-1154-US • Training Systems for Smart Grid and Micro Grid • 05/15 (Printed in Germany) • Subject to technical alterations
and engineering education for more than 40 years

Lucas-Nuelle Training Systems

www.lucas-nuelle.com