Hydrogeologic Assessment For Spring Hill Camp Study Area I of III - October 2000
Hydrogeologic Assessment For Spring Hill Camp Study Area I of III - October 2000
Hydrogeologic Assessment For Spring Hill Camp Study Area I of III - October 2000
PIRNIE
Attorney/Client Privileged
HYDROGEOLOGIC ASSESSMENT
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
VOLUME I of III
REPORT
FOR THE
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
OSCEOLA COUNTY,MICHIGAN
PREPARED FOR
GREAT SPRING WATERS OF AMERICA
OCTOBER 2000
PREPARED BY
MALCOLM PIRNIE,INC.
1500 ABBOTT ROAD,SUITE 210
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48823
RECYCLtiD PAPER
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HYDROGEOLOGIC ASSESSMENT
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
FOR THE
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
OSCEOLA COUNTY,MICHIGAN
PREPARED FOR
GREAT SPRING WATERS OF AMERICA
OCTOBER 2000
PREPARED BY
MALCOLM PIRNIE,INC.
1500 ABBOTT ROAD,SUITE 210
EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 48823
I
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HYDROGEOLOGIC ASSESSMENT
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
OSCEOLA COUNTY,MICHIGAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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TABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NO. DESCRIPTION
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
NO. DESCRIPTION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS(continued)
LIST OF FIGURES(continued)
FIGURE
NO. DESCRIPTION
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
NO. DESCRIPTION
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Great Spring Waters of America retained Malcolm Pimie in East Lansing, Michigan in
June, 2000 to conduct hydrogeologic and environmental investigations of a potential spring
water supply source located on the Spring Hill Camp (SHC) property near the city of Evart in
Osceola County, Michigan. The evaluation of data from the investigations and other sources
shows:
Three general groups of springs are present on the SHC property (Northern,
Central, and Eastern). The most prolific springs are the Central Springs, which
occur along the base of a ridge on the SHC property. The flow from the Central
and Northern Springs discharge to tributaries of Twin Creek. The Eastern Springs
occur in the Chippewa Creek drainage basin and discharge to Decker Ponds.
A viable spring aquifer exists consisting primarily of fine to coarse sand, with
occasional lenses and layers of gravel, silty sand, silt and clay. The stratigraphy
associated with the spring aquifer is complex glacial drift and is associated with at
least two aquitards, a series of perched aquifers, and a deeper aquifer. At some
locations in the SHC study area the spring aquifer is leaky confined and at others
it is unconfined.
Groundwater pumped from test wells located adjacent to the springs is chemically
identical to the spring water. Pumping of the test wells produced a measurable
reduction of the discharge from the springs, indicating that the springs and the
wells tap the same aquifer. For these reasons, a well field placed in or near the
SHC study area would meet the requirements of FDA regulations for the
demonstration of bottled spring water sources. The testing also shows that the
SHC study area can be developed as a Type II non-community non-transient
water supply under the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality's
(MDEQ's)permitting requirements.
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Additional studies will be conducted to provide data to design the well field, to estimate
sustainable yield, and to support the process for MDEQ Type II non-transient, non-community
water supply well permitting.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Malcolm Pimie was retained in June, 2000 by Great Spring Waters of America to
conduct hydrogeologic and environmental investigations of a potential spring-water supply
source located on the Spring Hill Camp(SHC)property near the city of Evart in Osceola County,
Michigan. The investigations were conducted on a portion of the SHC property and on
properties located north and south ofthe property (i.e., the SHC study area). Figures 1-1 and 1-2
show the location ofthe SHC property and the SHC study area. Great Spring Waters of America
had identified the springs on the SHC property prior to the investigations by Malcolm Pimie.
There are three groups of springs on the SHC property (Figure 1-2). The eastem most
springs(Eastem Springs) are located in the central portion of the SHC property and discharge at
the base of a ridge adjacent to Decker Pond. Water from the Eastem Springs drains to Decker
pond in the Chippewa Creek drainage system. The Central Springs are located along the base of
a ridge in the Twin Creek drainage system and discharge along a narrow tributary of Twin
Creek. The Northem Springs are located in the northwest comer of the SHC property and also
discharge into the Twin Creek drainage system. The Central Springs were the focus of the
investigations
The investigations were conducted in two phases during late June through late August of
2000. The intent of the investigations was to determine if the springs at the SHC property could
be developed with extraction wells in a manner that meets 21 Code of Federal Registry (CFR)
Part 165.110 (a)[Federal Department of Agriculture (FDA) regulations on bottled spring water
source demonstration]. This determination was accomplished by evaluating the hydraulic and
physical relationship between the springs and the aquifer. As it became apparent that the aquifer
would meet FDA requirements, a more extensive investigation was performed. The objectives
ofthe investigations were to:
Characterize the general physical nature of the spring aquifer (e.g., lithology, and
vertical and horizontal extent of the aquifer)
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The SHC study area lies within Hydrogeologic Province 5 (U.S.G.S., 1991), which is
characterized by thick (400 to 600 feet) coarse-grained, sandy outwash and glaciofluvial deposits
that are underlain by sedimentary bedrock (Jurassic Red Beds, and Pennsylvanian Saginaw
Formation). As shown on Figure 2-1, the SHC study area lies on coarse-textured glacial till and
is bordered to the south by glacial outwash deposits and to the north by glacial end moraine
deposits (Farrand and Bell, 1984). The glacial end moraines are part of an interlobate morainic
system that correlates with the Valparaiso and Charlotte moraine systems. Regional
groundwater flow is primarily south into the valley of the Muskegon River, which drains the
region between the morainal systems. The area receives on average 8.4 inches of recharge per
year (estimate based on a 56 year record) as monitored at the USGS streamflow gaging station at
the Muskegon River in Evart (also shown on Figure 2-1).
Water well records at the Michigan Geologic Survey were reviewed to identity and locate
wells near the SHC study area. A total of29 water wells were identified within a one mile radius
of the SHC study area. The well locations are shown on Figure 2-2. Table 2-1 summarizes
information from the well logs. The well logs are presented in Appendix A. Of these wells, 25
supply individual residences, three are public supply wells, and one is used for irrigation.
Most of the residential wells are associated with homes and are found in greatest density
east of the SHC study area along 95^^ Avenue. Two public supply wells, designated 21 and 29
on Figure 2-2, are located south-southeast of the SHC study area at the SHC property. These
wells are listed as Type lib public wells, indicating that the well supplies up to 25 people for at
least 60 days each year, but less than 20,000 gallons per day. The third public supply well,
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designated 10 on Figure 2-2, is located east of the SHC study area at the North Evart United
Methodist Church. The record of this public supply well does not include a type use designation,
however, it is believed that the well at the church would be considered a Type lib public well.
An irrigation well (designated well number 15 on Figure 2-2) is located east of the SHC study
area adjacent to 95^^ Avenue. Approximate locations for 12 additional residential wells that are
known to exist in the area but for which no record was found at the Michigan Geologic Survey
are also shown on Figure 2-2.
The City of Evart operates eight wells, approximately 2.2 miles southeast of the SHC
study area, for use as public water supply. The wellhead protection area delineated for these
wells, at a total combined withdrawal in 1999 of 832.96 million gallons, extends approximately
1,000 ft north of 8 Mile Road into the southern-most portion ofthe SHC study area.
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3.0 INVESTIGATION
On June 23, 2000, Malcolm Pimie completed an initial reconnaissance of the SHC study
area. Three general groups of springs (Central, Eastern, and Northern) were identified during the
initial reconnaissance (Figure 1-2). The greatest density of springs (Central Springs) extends for
approximately 800 feet along the southern toe of an east-west trending ridge located near the
center of the SHC study area. The Central Springs discharge to a wetland area that drains to
Twin Creek to the south of the SHC property west of 100^'^ Avenue (Figure 1-2). The Eastern
Springs lie to the east of the Central Springs approximately 700 feet from lOO'^ Avenue and
discharge to Chippewa Creek. The Northern Springs lie approximately 2,000 feet northwest of
the Central Springs and discharge to a tributary of Twin Creek.
Three springs in the SHC study area are venting in a boil-like manner. One of the
venting springs occurs at the bottom of a hillside and boils out through a highly organic muck in
a cedar swamp. Another venting spring discharges nearby at a higher elevation from a hillside
above an approximately 5-feet-thick clay unit. Both of these springs are part of the Central
Springs. The third venting spring is located in the Northern Springs.
Environmental Data Resources (EDR) performed a search of various federal and state
enforcement database sites for the SHC study area. These lists are compiled from government
agency sources and are presented in a consolidated format (Appendix B). The database search
did not identify the SHC property on any of the lists and no other sites of environmental
contamination were identified within the search radius established by ASTM E 1527-00.
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There were, however, ten contamination sites in the county that could not be located
(orphan sites). Malcolm Pimie will attempt to locate these orphan sites during future
investigations. The ten orphan sites are:
Site Name Location Type
Osceola County Rd 110 th Avenue UST/LUST
Olon Baldwin Rt. 3 80 th Avenue UST
Sears Tire Fire 10977 South M-66 CERCLIS,FINDS
American Logging Tool 302 N. Main St. SHWS
Rohen Landfill No Address SHWS
Robinson Landfill No Address SHWS
Schooley Landfill 3miSofM-115,M-66 SWF/LF
Evart City Dump west on US-10 SWF/LF
Joe's Sales & Service/Evart LF 1611 WUS-10 SHWS
Kalium Chemicals PO Box 290 SHWS
Additionally a search of the State oil/gas well database information identified six oil/gas
wells within a 1-mile radius of the SHC study area. Two of these oil/gas wells appear to be on or
just south of the SHC study area. The remaining four wells are located to the south and
southwest, regionally downgradient of the spring aquifer. Additional investigations will be
performed in the future to further assess the two nearest oil/gas wells.
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and d for shallow, intermediate, and deep to denote well depth. Well installation details and
post-development water quality measurements made in the field are summarized in Table 3-1.
Split-spoon soil samples were collected approximately every 5 feet in each boring. More
frequent soil samples were collected when changes in soil type were observed. The split-spoon
samples were logged and these data were used for geologic interpretations. Soil boring and well
construction logs are provided in Appendix C.
Three test wells (TW-1, TW-2, and TW-3) were installed for conducting aquifer tests.
The soil boring and well construction logs for the test wells are presented in Appendix C. Well
construction details and post-development water quality measurements are summarized in Table
3-1. Soil samples of the spring aquifer were collected during the drilling of monitoring wells
MW-1, MW-5i, and MW-13 and were analyzed for grain size distribution. The grain size
analyses (see Appendix D) were used to design the filter pack and well screen slot size for the
test wells.
Eight stab wells (Seep-1 through Seep-6 and Vent-1 and Vent-2) were installed to
monitor shallow groundwater levels adjacent to the springs (Figure 3-1). The wells were
installed using a hand auger. Two other stab wells (MW-ls and MW-4s) were installed to
monitor a shallow perched groundwater zone located in the vicinity of test well TW-1. The stab
wells were constructed of either PVC or stainless steel materials. Additional construction details
for the stab wells are provided in Table 3-1 and Appendix C.
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Development continued in the wells until the water quality parameters stabilized. The water
quality parameter values measured in the wells just after the completion of development are
summarized in Table 3-1.
3.3.6 Surveying
Jenema Land Surveyors of Manistee, Michigan surveyed the location easting and
northing, and top of casing and ground surface elevations of the wells in early July and early
August 2000. Elevations were referenced to a United States Geologic Survey vertical datum and
locations were in State Plane Coordinates. The surveyed coordinates and elevations are
presented in Table 3-1.
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3.4 TESTING
Manual and automatic water level measurements (referenced to the top of well casing)
were made in the observation wells, the stab wells, the stilling wells and the test wells throughout
the investigation. Water levels measured prior to the aquifer tests are included in Table 3-3.
Water levels measured during the pumping tests are included in Appendices E and F. The water
level of a nearby residential well was also measured prior to, during and after the well field test.
The residential well water level measurements are discussed further in Section 5.1.6.
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was to obtain a preliminary estimate of the specific capacity of the well and well efficiency.
These data were used to design the well field pumping test.
During the step rate pumping test, the water level in the pumping well was measured
automatically at a logarithmic rate using a pressure transducer and a Hermit^'^ datalogger. In
addition, water levels were measured manually in each of the monitoring wells prior to, during,
and after the step test. The step test data are provided in Appendix E.
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summarized on Figure 3-2. The residential well water level data measured before, during and
after the test are summarized on Figure 3-3.
Water samples were collected from Central Springs (Seep), test well TW-1, test well
TW-2 and test well TW-3 on August 23, 2000 between 12:00 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. The water
sampling analytical data and water quality parameters measured by the laboratory are presented
in Appendix 0.
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4.1 HYDROGEOLOGY
Five general hydrogeologic units were identified on the SHC study area during the
investigation. These units from uppermost to lowermost are a discontinuous perched aquifer,
upper aquitard, spring aquifer, lower aquitard, and lower aquifer (Figures 4-1 through 4-3). The
discontinuous perched aquifer consists primarily of sandy sediments above the upper aquitard as
exemplified at wells MW-1, MW-4, MW-5, MW-6, and MW-12. Groundwater from one
localized perched aquifer discharges to the ground surface as a spring vent near stab well Vent-2
at an elevation of about 1,122 ft above mean sea level (amsl). The saturated thickness of the
perched aquifer did not exceed 10 feet where encountered. The aquitard underlying the perched
aquifer generally consists of interbedded clay, silty or clayey sand, and sand lenses. Based on
water level response during the well field test, this aquitard is leaky. Dry sand of the upper
portions ofthe spring aquifer was frequently observed underlying the upper aquitard.
The shallow (spring) aquifer consists primarily of medium sand, with fine to coarse sand
and gravel as secondary constituents. At some locations, repetitive coarsening downward
sequences of silty sand to gravel lenses occur within the medium sand deposit. The spring
aquifer saturated thickness ranges from approximately 13 ft at well MW-4, to approximately 83
ft at well MW-1.
The spring aquifer is underlain by the lower aquitard, which consists of silt, clay and
zones of interbedded sand and fines (silt and clay). The thickness ofthe lower aquitard measured
8 ft at MW-ld and 15 ft at MW-5d. Based on observations made during well development and
during the well field test, the lower aquitard is also leaky. Underlying the lower aquitard is the
deep aquifer, which consists primarily of sand with occasional lenses of silt, clay, and gravel.
Wells MW-ld and MW-5d are screened in the lower aquifer. Drawdown data collected during
the well field pumping test show that there is hydraulic communication between the spring
aquifer and both the perched and deep aquifers(Section 5.1.2).
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The occurrence of the Central Springs is related to a ridge that extends east to west along
the southern perimeter of the test well field. This ridge consists of clay, or interbedded silt, clay,
and sand, and appears to restrict flow in the spring aquifer. Boring logs of two observation wells
(MW-3 and MW-13)and one production well (TW-2) installed at the crest of the ridge indicate
that the upper 60 to 70 ft consists primarily of silt and clay with occasional lenses of sand. North
of the ridge, the potentiometric head of the spring aquifer is approximately 1093 ft amsl(MW-3).
At the springs south of the ridge, the elevation of the spring water level is about 1082 ft amsl, for
a head loss in the spring aquifer of approximately 11 feet over 90 feet horizontally between MW-
3 and the closest springs. The rapid change in water levels beneath the ridge show that, although
the occurance ofthe springs is partly controlled by the decreasing topography, the geology ofthe
ridge also contributes to the spring occurance.
Groundwater flow in the SHC study area is south toward the Central Springs and
wetlands surrounding Twin Creek (Figure 4-4). The average horizontal hydraulic gradient (I) in
the spring aquifer upgradient of the test wells (i.e., wells TW-1, TW-2, TW-3) was calculated to
be 0.006 based on static groundwater elevations measured on August 4, 2000. Horizontal
hydraulic gradients between wells MW-11 and Seep-3 and wells MW-3 and Seep-4 were
calculated for the same date to be 0.038 and 0.111.
Vertical hydraulic gradients were calculated at the locations where well clusters were
installed. These gradients are presented on Table 4-1. The vertical gradients indicate that
recharge to the spring aquifer is occurring upgradient of the well field (downward gradient at
well cluster MW-12)and that the aquifer is discharging near the springs(upward gradients at the
well clusters MW-1,MW-4,and MW-5).
Linear groundwater flow velocities were estimated to range from 2.1 to 120 ft/day in the
vicinity of the Central Springs and 0.32 to 6.4 ft/day upgradient of the test wells. The range of
linear groundwater velocities were estimated using high and low hydraulic conductivity values
from the pumping test (22 and 279 ft/day per day), the hydraulic gradient values discussed
above, and an estimated range of porosity of 0.25 and 0.40 from Groundwater and Wells,
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Driscoll (1986). Table 4-1 presents the hydraulic gradients and Table 4-2 presents the calculated
linear groundwater flow velocities.
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response curves was that most of the wells responded in a typical unconfined or leaky confined
manner. Most of the wells exhibited delayed yield during the middle-time data which is
indicative of unconfined or leaky confined conditions. Delayed yield is a phenomenon caused
by residual water draining from the dewatered portion of the aquifer into the saturated portion of
the aquifer resulting in less drawdown during the middle-time than during the early- and late-
time. Delayed yield well response is shown on many of the well response curves presented in
Appendix F.
5.1.4 Well Field Test Data Analysis (Middle and Late-Time Data)
A modified Jacob's method was used to analyze the well field test data (Cooper and
Jacob, 1946). This method is appropriate for situations in which multiple wells are pumped and
can accommodate wells pumped at different or variable rates. This method normalizes the
drawdown and time data relative to the distance of the observation well to each test well and the
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The normalized drawdown and time data were plotted on semi-logarithmic scaled graphs
and a linear regression line was fitted to the data. The modified Jacob's method plots are
presented in Appendix F. The well field test data analyses are summarized in Table 5-1.
Transmissivity is estimated to range from 3.85x10'' to 2.95x10^ gpd/ft. Estimates of hydraulic
conductivity range from 22 to 279 ft/day, and Sy estimates range from 5.31x10"'' to 4.00x10"'.
lOO"' Avenue (Figure 1-2), approximately 2500 feet southeast of the test wells was measured
prior to, during, and after the well field pumping test. Water levels were measured in this well to
assess the effects of well field pumping south of the Central Springs. This residential well was
selected for monitoring (i.e., water level measurements) because it is the closest residential well
south of the Central Springs. Little is known about the constmction details of this well because
the Michigan Geologic Survey did not have records for it. The initial (pre-well field test) water
level in this well was 84.8 feet below ground surface.
The residential well water level versus time measurement data for this well are presented
on Figure 3-3. As indicated on Figure 3-3, no measurable drawdown occurred in this well during
the well field pumping lest. The water level in this well varied up and down during the test from
approximately 1048.14 to 1048.21 ft above mean sea level. Minor water level fluctuations in the
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residential well may be due to periodic water use by the resident, recharge, and/or barometric
pressure fluctuation. Additional investigations are needed to further assess hydrogeologic
relationships between the spring aquifer and the nearby outwash aquifer utilized by the Town of
Evart.
end of the pumping test. Recovery of the water level in well Vent-1 began shortly after the
pumps were shut off. The water level in Stab well Vent-1 recovered to its pre-test level three
days after the well field test.
DO in well Vent-1 decreased from 5.9 percent to 5.3 percent during the test and then
returned to 5.9 percent after the test. Conductivity in well Vent-1 increased from 335 pS/cm to
367 pS/cm during the test and returned to about 343 pS/cm after the test. Temperature increased
in well Vent-1 from about 9.75C to 11.5C during the test and then returned to about lO^C after
the test. At the beginning of(or just prior to) the well field pumping test there was an increase in
pH in well Vent-1 from about 6.9 to between 7.4 and 7.6. This change in pH lasted for the
duration of the test.
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The hydraulic relationship between the spring aquifer and the springs is demonstrated by
both the changes in spring discharge during the pumping tests as well as the drawdown observed
in the stab wells. Figure 3-2 shows the changes in discharge across the weirs during the well
field pumping test. Further discussion of the Weir discharge measurements are provided in
Section 5.1.5 as shovm on this figure there is a direct response in the spring discharge to the
pumping. This response is further supported by the observed stratigraphic relationship of the
spring aquifer and the springs.
The groundwater chemical analytical data were evaluated to assess groundwater quality and to
determine if groundwater extracted from the aquifer was chemically similar to groundwater
seeping from the springs. A summary of the groundwater and spring water sampling
geochemical data, along with a list of Federal Maximum Concentration Levels, Michigan
Maximum Contaminant Levels, and Perrier Group of America Maximum Contaminant Levels, is
presented in Table 5-2. As indicated by the data on Table 5-2, the spring water and groundwater
quality meets the federal, state and Perrier Group of America's standards.
Stiff, Piper trilinear, and radial plots of cation and anion concentrations were prepared to
compare the geochemical signatures of the groundwater and spring water (Figures 5-3, 5-4, and
5-5). The Stiff and Piper plots present the relative amount of the major cations and anions (i.e.,
Ca, Na, Mg,HCO3, and Cl) in the samples. In addition, nitrate and silica were added to the radial
plots.
Each of the samples can be characterized as containing calcium, magnesium and
bicarbonate as their dominant ions. Furthermore, each of the samples fall within the same
general area on the Piper diagram (Figure 5-3) and the shape of the Stiff and radial plots are
similar for each sample (Figures 5-4 and 5-5). This demonstrates the chemical similarity of the
spring water and the groundwater samples. Therefore, the geochemical data indicates that the
spring water is from the same aquifer as is tapped by the test wells.
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A groundwater recharge area was estimated for a hypothetical well field tapping the
spring aquifer using data from the U.S.G.S. quadrangle map (Evert, Michigan
Quadrangle Map - U.S.G.S., 1993) and the Quaternary Geology of Southern Michigan
map (Farrand and Bell, 1984). The groundwater recharge area is shown on Figure 5-6.
This area was derived by evaluating the mapped surficial glacial deposits along with
geomorphology and apparent surface water drainage patterns. Further investigations
should be performed to assess the groundwater recharge area for the spring aquifer.
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6.1 FINDINGS
Based on the limited area studied during these investigations the following findings can
be made:
Three general groups of springs are present at the SHC study area (Northern,
Central, and Eastern).
Geological investigations indicate that the spring aquifer consists of sand with
some interbedded sand and gravel, silt and clay and extends over at least a 654
acre area. The spring aquifer at the SHC study area is more extensive than the
area studied and has a saturated thickness of between 14 to 80 feet. A
hydraulically connected aquifer of undetermined thickness lies beneath the spring
aquifer.
The groundwater and spring water quality meets Federal, State, and Perrier Group
of America quality standards.
The investigations indicate that production wells can be installed at the SHC study
area that are capable of meeting MDEQ Type II, non-community, non-transient
well permit requirements.
Evaluation of the data from the investigations have identified additional data that will be
necessary to assess sustainable yield of the spring aquifer and to design and manage a well field
at the SHC study area. These additional data include:
1. Identify the lateral extent of the spring aquifer west, north and east of the study
area.
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3. Water level measurement data over a greater period of time to assess vertical and
horizontal hydraulic gradients.
4. Refinement of the aquifer properties and their distribution within the aquifers
(especially on where the well field will be developed).
5. Further study of groundwater discharge to Twin Creek and its tributaries and
development of a water budget for the spring aquifer system.
6. Further definition of the relationship between the spring aquifer and the outwash
deposits tapped by the City of Evart well field.
7. Demonstration that a well field will meet the FDA regulations and MDEQ Type
II, non-community, non-transient well permit requirements (these conclusions
were implied by the studies to date but will need to be confirmed for the new well
field).
6.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
2. Drill and install three monitoring well clusters near the anticipated location of the
production wells (see 3 below) to assess hydrogeological conditions in this area
and to collect aquifer material samples for sieve analyses to design the production
wells.
3. Drill and install two 8-inch diameter production wells (i.e., a shallow and a deep
production well) at a greater distance north from the Central Spring occurances
than test wells TW-1, TW-2, and TW-3. The shallow production well will be
SHCTechmcm-newl 10/18/00
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PIRNIE
Attorney/Client Privileged
screened in the shallow (spring) aquifer and the deep production well will be
screened in the deep aquifer. The location of these production wells will be
selected after evaluating the geologic data obtained during drilling of the cluster
wells described above. The purpose of these wells is to perform aquifer testing to
assess hydraulic communication between the two aquifers and to possibly serve as
production wells.
5. Install shallow groundwater and surface water monitoring well clusters at five
locations in Twin Creek and its tributaries to assess the interaction between
shallow ground water and the surface water. The well clusters will consist of a
stilling well installed to monitor the water level of the water body along with an
accompanying stab well installed approximately five feet below the bottom
sediment. These wells will be used to assess hydraulic gradients and to monitor
water quality parameters.
8. Develop a groundwater model to represent the multiple aquifers and aquitards and
the estimated recharge area for the spring aquifer. Calibrate this groundwater
model with transient data including the well field test and the production well
test(s).
11. Develop a plan for long-term management of the well field. This plan would
utilize field measurements of precipitation, water levels, and surface water
discharge in conjunction with the groundwater model to manage the pumping rate
of the well field.
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After the production wells have been tested, the permit application for a Type II non-transient,
non-community water supply should be filed with the Osceola County Health Department.
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MAUOOUVI
PIRNIE
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7.0 REFERENCES
Cooper and Jacob, 1946. A Generalized Graphical Method for Evaluating Formation Constants
and Summarizing Well Field History. Transactions, American Geophysical Union,
Volume 27, Number IV.
Environmental Science & Engineering, Inc., 2000. City of Evart Twin Creek Well Field
Wellhead Protection Area Delineation.
Driscoll, F. G., 1986. Groundwater and Wells. Johnson Division, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Farrand and Bell, 1984. Quaternary Geology of Southern Michigan with Surface Water
Drainage Divides. Prepared for the Department of Geological Sciences, The University
ofMichigan-Ann Arbor, 1984.
Fetter, 1988. Applied Hvdrogeologv. Second Edition, Macmillan Publishing Company, New
York, New York.
Kruseman and de Ridder, 1991. Analysis and Evaluation ofPumping Test Data. Second Edition
(Completely Revised), International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement /
ILRI, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
SHCTechmem-newl 10/18/00
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A ttorney Client PirvHedged
TABLE 2-1
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
WATER SUPPLY WELL SUMMARY
Notes:
1 - Elevations are estimates based on approximate well locations from USGS
topographic map.
2 - Water Elevations obtained from well construction logs
amsl - above mean sea level
bgl - below ground level
NA - Not applicable
Confidential
A ttorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 3-1
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
WELL INSTALLATION DETAILS AND FIELD WATER QUALITY PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS
1119.4 1115.92 1747037.406 227206.9858 60-105 7.85 0.329 9.4 10 0910000 20.42
TW-2 07/27/2000 - 07/28/2000 07/28/2000 - 06/02/2000 -
Vent 2 06/27/2000 06/27/2000 1121.4 1124.28 1747356.447 227170.233 4.8-7.8 7.45 0.434 9.31 11.2 >999 002000 0.17
Weir 1 NA 06/27/2000 1114.9 1113.51 1747349.201 227133.6973 NA 7.76 0.418 9.00 10.6 6.78 002000 NA
Weir 2 NA 06/27/2000 1079.0 1077.67 1746996.986 226968.5191 NA 7.56 0.38 6.50 13 0.67 06/29/00 NA
NA 06/27/2000 - 06/29/2000 1078.7 1077.37 1746985.464 226950.3284 NA 7.79 0.384 9.21 11.1 6.5 06/29A>0 NA
Weir 3
06/27/2000 06/29/2000 1077.7 1076.36 1746873.712 226996.2516 NA 7.6/ 0.372 9.48 10.4 1.7 06/29/00 NA
Weir 4 NA
Notes:
amsl - above mean sea level
bgl - below ground level
TOC - lop of casing
GSE - ground surface elevation
Confidential
Attorney Client PrivUedged
TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
[ Well ID J Date Time DTW (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
MW-10 07/19/00 12:51 19.78 1120.54 1100.76
MW-10 07/20/00 7:40 19.78 1120.54 1100.76
MW-10 07/21/00 9:51 19.79 1120.54 1100.75
MW-10 07/25/00 15:16 19.80 1120.54 1100.74
MW-10 07/26/00 17:55 19.81 1120.54 1100.73
MW-10 07/27/00 19:40 19.80 1120.54 1100.74
MW-10 07/28/00 14:26 19.81 1120,54 1100.73
MW-10 07/31/00 10:10 19.82 1120.54 1100.72
MW-10 08/02/00 18:12 19.84 1120.54 1100.70
MW-10 08/04/00 7:48 19.87 1120.54 1100.67
MW-11 07/25/00 14:47 50.83 1166.659 1115.83
MW-11 07/26/00 11:21 50.84 1166.659 1115.82
MW-11 07/28/00 14:51 50.85 1166.659 1115.81
MW-11 07/31/00 14:01 50.84 1166.659 1115.82
MW-11 08/02/00 19:19 50.87 1166.669 1115.79
MW-11 08/04/00 9:40 50.85 1166.659 1115.81
MW-12d 07/28/00 14:41 46.00 1163.21 1117.21
MW-12d 07/31/00 14:11 46.00 1163.21 1117.21
MW-12d 08/02/00 19:30 46.04 1163.21 1117.17
MW-12d 08/04/00 9:54 46.03 1163.21 1117.18
MW-12d 08/23/00 15:47 46.04 1163.21 1117.17
MW-12i 07/28/00 14:43 45.13 1162.47 1117.34
MW-12i 07/31/00 14:16 45.11 1162.47 1117.36
MW-12i 08/02/00 19:28 45.13 1162.47 1117.34
MW-12i 08/04/00 9:52 45.14 1162.47 1117.33
MW-12i 08/23/00 15:48 45.16 1162.47 1117.31
MW-13 07/28/00 14:09 26.33 1120.17 1093.84
MW-13 07/31/00 11:39 26.41 1120.17 1093.76
MW-13 08/02/00 9:50 26.42 1120.17 1093.75
MW-13 08/03/00 19:36 26.50 1120.17 1093.67
MW-13 08/04/00 8:15 26.53 1120.17 1093.64
MW-ld 06/29/00 19:56 3.65 1100.19 1096.54
MW-1d 07/07/00 7:27 3.71 1100.19 1096.48
MW-ld 07/07/00 10:53 3.80 1100.19 1096.39
MW-ld 07/13/00 8:35 3.72 1100.19 1096.47
MW-1d 07/13/00 19:32 3.71 1100.19 1096.48
MW-ld 07/14/00 10:09 3.72 1100.19 1096.47
MW-1d 07/14/00 19:38 3.74 1100.19 1096.45
MW-ld 07/18/00 11:10 3.78 1100.19 1096.41
MW-ld 07/18/00 19:34 3.76 1100.19 1096.43
MW-ld 07/19/00 13:41 3.75 1100.19 1096.44
MW-ld 07/20/00 8:22 3.76 1100.19 1096.43
MW-ld 07/21/00 10:20 3.83 1100.19 1096.36
MW-1d 07/25/00 16:10 3.77 1100.19 1096.42
MW-ld 07/26/00 18:30 3.77 1100.19 1096.42
MW-ld 07/28/00 14:20 3.76 1100.19 1096.43
MW-ld 07/31/00 11:25 3.75 1100.19 1096.44
MW-ld 08/02/00 18:32 3.81 1100.19 1096.38
MW-ld 08/03/00 19:24 3.84 1100.19 1096.35
Page 1 of 8
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Attorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
1 Well ID Date Time DTW (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
MW-ld 08/04/00 8;31 3.83 1100.19 1096.36
MW-li 06/29/00 19:54 5.88 1100.74 1094.86
MW-1i 07/07/00 7:28 5.97 1100.74 1094.77
MW-li 07/07/00 10:53 6.01 1100.74 1094.73
MW-1i 07/13/00 8:33 5.97 1100.74 1094.77
MW-1i 07/13/00 19:30 5.97 1100.74 1094.77
MW-1i 07/14/00 10:05 5.99 1100.74 1094.75
MW-1i 07/14/00 19:37 6.01 1100.74 1094.73
MW-1i 07/18/00 11:09 6.04 1100.74 1094.70
MW-1i 07/18/00 19:33 6.03 1100.74 1094.71
MW-1i 07/19/00 13:40 6.02 1100.74 1094.72
MW-1i 07/20/00 8:20 6.01 1100.74 1094.73
MW-1i 07/21/00 10:18 6.05 1100.74 1094.69
MW-1i 07/25/00 16:08 6.04 1100.74 1094.70
MW-1i 07/26/00 18:29 6.06 1100.74 1094.68
MW-li 07/28/00 14:19 6.02 1100.74 1094.72
MW-11 07/31/00 11:23 6.03 1100.74 1094.71
MW-1i 08/02/00 18:31 6.08 1100.74 1094.66
MW-1i 08/03/00 19:22 6.11 1100.74 1094.63
MW-11 08/04/00 8:29 6.11 1100.74 1094.63
MW-ls 06/29/00 19:52 5.35 1098.75 1093.40
MW-ls 07/07/00 10:53 5.81 1098.75 1092.94
MW-ls 07/11/00 18:25 5.92 1098.75 1092.83
MW-ls 07/13/00 8:37 6.00 1098.75 1092.75
MW-ls 07/13/00 19:33 6.02 1098.75 1092.73
MW-ls 07/14/00 10:11 6.04 1098.75 1092.71
MW-ls 07/14/00 19:40 6.09 1098.75 1092.66
MW-1S 07/18/00 11:12 6.25 1098.75 1092.50
MW-1S 07/18/00 19:35 6.26 1098.76 1092.49
MW-ls 07/19/00 13:43 6.28 1098.75 1092.47
MW-ls 07/20/00 8:24 6.30 1098.75 1092.45
MW-ls 07/21/00 10:22 6.22 1098.75 1092.53
MW-ls 07/25/00 16:12 6.44 1098.75 1092.31
MW-ls 07/26/00 18:31 6.48 1098.75 1092.27
MW-ls 07/28/00 14:18 5.99 1098.75 1092.76
MW-ls 07/31/00 11:27 5.72 1098.75 1093.03
MW-ls 08/02/00 10:35 5.90 1098.75 1092.85
MW-ls 08/03/00 19:26 6.07 1098.75 1092.88
MW-1S 08/04/00 8:32 6.11 1098.75 1092.64
MW-2 07/07/00 7:32 9.78 1104.08 1094.30
MW-2 07/13/00 9:44 9.80 1104.08 1094.28
MW-2 07/13/00 19:40 9.79 1104.08 1094.29
MW-2 07/14/00 10:17 9.80 1104.08 1094.28
MW-2 07/14/00 19:41 9.82 1104.08 1094.26
MW-2 07/18/00 11:16 9.85 1104.08 1094.23
MW-2 07/18/00 19:40 9.84 1104.08 1094.24
MW-2 07/19/00 13:50 9.83 1104.08 1094.25
MW-2 07/20/00 8:30 9.83 1104.08 1094.25
MW-2 07/21/00 10:29 9.87 1104.08 1094.21
Page 2 of 8
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Attorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
Well ID 1 Date Time DTW (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
MW.2 07/25/00 15:42 9.85 1104.08 1094.23
MW-2 07/26/00 10:47 9.90 1104.08 1094.18
MW-2 07/26/00 18:33 9.86 1104.08 1094.22
MW-2 07/28/00 14:15 9.84 1104.08 1094.24
MW-2 07/31/00 11:35 9.85 1104.08 1094.23
MW-2 08/02/00 18:26 9.91 1104.08 1094.17
MW-2 08/03/00 19:30 9.03 1104.08 1095.05
MW-2 08/04/00 8:23 9.95 1104.08 1094.13
MW-3 07/07/00 7:38 16.36 1109.57 1093.21
MW-3 07/07/00 9:38 16.87 1109.57 1092.70
MW-3 07/13/00 8:47 16.37 1109.57 1093.20
MW-3 07/13/00 19:13 16.37 1109.57 1093.20
MW-3 07/14/00 10:23 16.37 1109.57 1093.20
MW-3 07/14/00 19:44 16.40 1109.57 1093.17
MW-3 07/18/00 11:21 16.43 1109.57 1093.14
MW-3 07/18/00 19:44 16.41 1109.57 1093.16
MW-3 07/19/00 13:54 16.42 1109.57 1093.15
MW-3 07/20/00 8:32 16.40 1109.57 1093.17
MW-3 07/21/00 10:26 16.44 1109.57 1093.13
MW-3 07/25/00 16:30 16.43 1109.57 1093.14
MW-3 07/26/00 18:32 16.44 1109.57 1093.13
MW-3 07/28/00 14:06 16.41 1109.57 1093.16
MW-3 07/31/00 11:18 16.41 1109.57 1093.16
MW-3 08/02/00 18:36 16.46 1109.57 1093.11
MW-3 08/03/00 19:12 16.51 1109.57 1093.06
MW-3 08/04/00 8:36 16.51 1109.57 1093.06
MW-4d 07/13/00 19:23 2.70 1096.04 1093.34
MW-4d 07/14/00 9:54 2.72 1096,04 1093.32
MW-4d 07/14/00 19:31 2.75 1096.04 1093.29
MW-4d 07/18/00 11:03 2.79 1096.04 1093.25
MW-4d 07/18/00 19:22 2.78 1096.04 1093.26
MW-4d 07/19/00 13:19 2.74 1096.04 1093.30
MW-4d 07/20/00 8:11 2.77 1096.04 1093.27
MW-4d 07/21/00 11:24 2.73 1096.04 1093.31
MW-4d 07/25/00 16:19 2.82 1096.04 1093.22
MW-4d 07/28/00 15:42 2.76 1096.04 1093.28
MW-4d 07/31/00 11:14 2.74 1096.04 1093.30
MW-4d 08/02/00 18:41 2.80 1096.04 1093.24
MW-4d 08/03/00 19:18 2.84 1096.04 1093.20
MW-4d 08/04/00 8:43 2.84 1096.04 1093.20
MW-4S 06/29/00 19:58 5.60 1091.38 1085.78
MW-4S 07/13/00 9:29 5.85 1091.38 1085.53
MW-4S 07/13/00 19:20 5.87 1091.38 1085.51
MW-4S 07/14/00 9:56 5.91 1091.38 1085.47
MW-4S 07/14/00 19:33 5.96 1091.38 1085.42
MW-4S 07/18/00 11:00 6.20 1091.38 1085.18
MW-4S 07/18/00 19:19 6.21 1091.38 1085.17
MW-4S 07/19/00 13:16 6.23 1091.38 1085.15
MW-4S 07/20/00 8:08 6.26 1091.38 1085.12
Page 3 of 8
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Attorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
L WelllD Date Time DTW (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
MW-4S 07/21/00 11:21 6.30 1091.38 1085.08
MW-4S 07/25/00 16:21 6.45 1091.38 1084.93
MW-4S 07/26/00 14:54 6.48 1091.38 1084.90
MW-4S 07/28/00 14:04 6.13 1091.38 1085.25
MW-4S 07/31/00 11:11 5.87 1091.38 1085.51
MW-4S 08/02/00 10:31 5.90 1091.38 1085.48
MW-4S 08/03/00 19:15 6.04 1091.38 1085.34
MW-4S 08/04/00 8:40 6.04 1091.38 1085.34
MW-5d 07/25/00 15:37 52.19 1149.4 1097.21
MW-5d 07/26/00 17:07 52.19 1149.4 1097.21
MW-Sd 07/27/00 18:40 52.16 1149.4 1097.24
MW-5d 07/28/00 15:37 52.19 1149.4 1097.21
MW-5d 07/31/00 10:36 52.17 1149.4 1097.23
MW-5d 08/02/00 9:54 52.18 1149.4 1097.22
MW-5d 08/03/00 18:36 52.26 1149.4 1097.14
MW-5d 08/04/00 8:07 52.25 1149.4 1097.15
MW-5i 07/25/00 15:39 52.67 1148.75 1096.08
MW-5i 07/26/00 17:11 52.67 1148.75 1096.08
MW-5i 07/27/00 18:43 52.61 1148.75 1096.14
MW-5i 07/28/00 15:35 52.66 1148.75 1096.09
MW-5i 07/31/00 10:32 52.68 1148.75 1096.07
MW-5i 08/02/00 9:57 53.17 1148.75 1095.58
MW-5i 08/03/00 18:39 54.04 1148.75 1094.71
MW-5i 08/04/00 8:10 53.97 1148.75 1094.78
MW-6 07/19/00 12:59 43.58 1142.44 1098.86
MW-6 07/20/00 7:47 43.60 1142.44 1098.84
MW-6 07/21/00 10:03 43.65 1142.44 1098.79
MW-6 07/25/00 15:05 43.61 1142.44 1098.83
MW-6 07/26/00 16:43 43.61 1142.44 1098.83
MW-6 07/28/00 13:54 43.62 1142.44 1098.82
MW-6 07/31/00 10:55 43.63 1142.44 1098.81
MW-6 08/02/00 18:17 43.71 1142.44 1098.73
MW-6 08/04/00 7:54 43.82 1142.44 1098.62
MW-7 07/20/00 9:21 52.83 1149.23 1096.40
MW-7 07/21/00 10:08 52.87 1149.23 1096.36
MW-7 07/25/00 14:59 52.85 1149.23 1096.38
MW-7 07/26/00 16:46 52.86 1149,23 1096.37
MW-7 07/28/00 13:58 52.84 1149.23 1096.39
MW-7 07/31/00 11:00 52.85 1149.23 1096.38
MW-7 08/02/00 10:24 52.86 1149.23 1096.37
MW-7 08/04/00 7:59 52.94 1149.23 1096.29
MW-8 07/19/00 13:08 18.09 1113.485 1095.40
MW-8 07/20/00 7:58 18.10 1113.485 1095.39
MW-8 07/21/00 10:13 18.11 1113.485 1095.38
MW-8 07/25/00 14:55 18.10 1113.485 1095.39
MW-8 07/26/00 16:52 18.12 1113.485 1095.37
MW-8 07/28/00 14:01 18.06 1113.485 1095.43
MW-8 07/31/00 11:06 18.05 1113.485 1095.44
MW-8 08/02/00 19:02 18.10 1113.485 1095.39
Page 4 of 8
Confidential
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TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
Well 10 I Date Time DTW (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
MW-8 08/04/00 9:20 18.12 1113.485 1095.37
MW-9 07/21/00 9:57 28.34 1125.29 1096.95
MW-9 07/25/00 15:24 28.34 1125.29 1096.95
MW-9 07/26/00 17:51 28.34 1125.29 1096.95
MW-9 07/27/00 19:45 28.33 1125.29 1096.96
MW-9 07/28/00 14:30 28.33 1125.29 1096.96
MW-9 07/31/00 10:21 28.34 1125.29 1096.95
MW-9 08/02/00 18:08 28.38 1125.29 1096.91
MW-9 08/04/00 7:43 28.40 1125.29 1096.89
Seep-1 06/29/00 17:08 2.52 1089.68 1087.16
Seep-1 07/06/00 13:25 2.52 1089.68 1087.16
Seep-1 07/11/00 18:36 2.54 1089.68 1087.14
Seep-1 07/13/00 9:24 2.53 1089.68 1087.15
Seep-1 07/13/00 19:08 2.53 1089.68 1087.15
Seep-1 07/14/00 10:45 2.52 1089.68 1087.16
Seep-1 07/14/00 19:51 2.54 1089.68 1087.14
Seep-1 07/18/00 11:36 2.54 1089.68 1087.14
Seep-1 07/18/00 19:55 2.54 1089.68 1087.14
Seep-1 07/19/00 14:05 2.54 1089.68 1087.14
Seep-1 07/20/00 9:02 2.55 1089.68 1087.13
Seep-1 07/21/00 11:13 2.54 1089.68 1087.14
Seep-1 07/25/00 16:34 2.54 1089.68 1087.14
Seep-1 07/26/00 17:02 2.55 1089.68 1087.13
Seep-1 07/28/00 15:12 2.51 1089.68 1087.17
Seep-1 07/31/00 11:43 2.50 1089.68 1087.18
Seep-1 08/02/00 10:48 2.52 1089.68 1087.16
Seep-1 08/03/00 19:02 2.55 1089.68 1087.13
Seep-1 08/04/00 9:12 2.55 1089.68 1087.13
Seep-2 06/29/00 19:11 4.51 1085.83 1081.32
Seep-2 06/29/00 20:06 4.51 1085.83 1081.32
Seep-2 07/06/00 13:16 4.49 1085.83 1081.34
Seep-2 07/11/00 18:32 4.50 1085.83 1081.33
Seep-2 07/13/00 8:53 4.53 1085.83 1081.30
Seep-2 07/13/00 18:37 4.51 1085.83 1081.32
Seep-2 07/14/00 10:37 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 07/14/00 19:49 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 07/18/00 11:32 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 07/18/00 19:51 4.51 1085.83 1081.32
Seep-2 07/20/00 8:38 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 07/21/00 11:09 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 07/25/00 16:33 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 07/26/00 14:58 4.51 1085.83 1081.32
Seep-2 07/28/00 15:09 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 07/31/00 11:53 4.52 1085.83 1081.31
Seep-2 08/02/00 10:44 4.54 1085.83 1081.29
Seep-2 08/03/00 19:06 4.53 1085.83 1081.30
Seep-2 08/04/00 8:53 4.53 1085.83 1081.30
Seep-3 06/29/00 20:03 4.91 1085.66 1080.75
Seep-3 07/11/00 18:30 4.97 1085.66 1080.69
Page 5 of 8
Confidential
Attorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
Well ID Date Time ~j DTW (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
Seep-3 07/13/00 8:50 4.95 1085.66 1080.71
Seep-3 07/13/00 18:35 4.97 1085.66 1080.69
Seep-3 07/14/00 10:33 4.95 1085.66 1080.71
Seep-3 07/14/00 19:48 4.98 1085.66 1080.68
Seep-3 07/18/00 11:30 5.00 1085.66 1080.66
Seep-3 07/18/00 19:48 5.00 1085.66 1080.66
Seep-3 07/19/00 13:59 5.00 1085.66 1080,66
Seep-3 07/20/00 8:36 4.98 1085.66 1080.68
Seep-3 07/21/00 11:07 5.02 1085.66 1080,64
Seep-3 07/25/00 16:32 5.02 1085.66 1080.64
Seep-3 07/26/00 14:56 5.01 1085.66 1080.65
Seep-3 07/28/00 15:07 4.92 1085.66 1080.74
Seep-3 07/31/00 11:51 4.92 1085.66 1080.74
Seep-3 08/02/00 10:42 4.93 1085.66 1080.73
Seep-3 08/03/00 19:08 4.95 1085.66 1080.71
Seep-3 08/04/00 8:50 4.95 1085.66 1080.71
Seep-4 07/07/00 7:36 4.75 1087.62 1082.87
Seep-4 07/07/00 9:38 4.71 1087.62 1082.91
Seep-4 07/11/00 18:34 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/13/00 8:56 4.75 1087.62 1082.87
Seep-4 07/13/00 18:32 4.75 1087.62 1082,87
Seep-4 07/14/00 10:40 4.75 1087.62 1082.87
Seep-4 07/14/00 19:50 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/18/00 11:34 4.78 1087.62 1082.84
Seep-4 07/18/00 19:53 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/19/00 14:03 4.80 1087.62 1082.82
Seep-4 07/20/00 9:00 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/21/00 11:11 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/25/00 16:35 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/26/00 17:00 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/28/00 15:10 4.77 1087.62 1082.85
Seep-4 07/31/00 11:46 4.74 1087.62 1082.88
Seep-4 08/02/00 10:46 4.74 1087.62 1082.88
Seep-4 08/03/00 19:04 4.74 1087.62 1082.88
Seep-4 08/04/00 9:14 4.73 1087.62 1082.89
Seep=5 07/25/00 15:29 5.63 1094.52 1088.89
Seep=5 07/26/00 17:47 5.63 1094.52 1088.89
S6ep=5 07/27/00 19:48 5.50 1094.52 1089.02
Seep=5 07/28/00 14:33 5.52 1094.52 1089.00
Seep=5 07/31/00 10:15 5.51 1094.52 1089.01
Seep=5 08/02/00 10:02 5.55 1094.52 1088.97
Seep=5 08/04/00 7:39 5.55 1094.52 1088.97
Seep-6 07/25/00 14:40 1.39 1106.222 1104.83
Seep-6 07/26/00 11:27 1.31 1106.222 1104.91
Seep-6 07/28/00 14:55 1.21 1106,222 1105.01
Seep-6 07/31/00 13:52 1.18 1106.222 1105.04
Seep-6 08/02/00 19:11 1.23 1106.222 1104.99
Seep-6 08/04/00 9:32 1.23 1106.222 1104.99
rrw-1 07/07/00 7:22 5.20 1099.84 1094.64
Page 6 of 8
Confidential
Aftorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
Well ID 1 Date Time D7W (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
TW-1 07/07/00 10:54 5.23 1099.84 1094.61
TW-1 07/13/00 8:39 5.25 1099.84 1094.59
TW-1 07/13/00 19:35 5.21 1099.84 1094.63
TW-1 07/14/00 10:13 5.23 1099.84 1094.61
TW-1 07/14/00 19:39 5.24 1099.84 1094.60
TW-1 07/18/00 11:13 5.28 1099.84 1094.56
TW-1 07/18/00 19:37 5.26 1099.84 1094.58
TW-1 07/19/00 13:45 5.25 1099.84 1094.59
TW-1 07/20/00 8:26 5.26 1099.84 1094.58
TW-1 07/21/00 10:24 5.28 1099.84 1094.56
TW-1 07/25/00 16:14 5.24 1099.84 1094.60
TW-1 07/26/00 18:27 5.26 1099.84 1094.58
TW-1 07/28/00 14:17 5.21 1099.84 1094.63
TW-1 07/31/00 11:31 5.23 1099.84 1094.61
TW-1 08/02/00 18:33 5.28 1099.84 1094.56
TW-1 08/03/00 19:27 5.31 1099.84 1094.53
TW-1 08/04/00 8:34 5.32 1099.84 1094.52
TW-2 08/02/00 18:23 23.78 1119.41 1095.63
TW-2 08/03/00 19:33 23.80 1119.41 1095.61
TW-2 08/04/00 8:19 23.82 1119.41 1095.59
TW-3 07/28/00 15:33 52.63 1148.57 1095.94
TW-3 07/31/00 10:26 52.60 1148.57 1095.97
Vent-1 07/11/00 18:50 3.87 1092.79 1088.92
Vent-1 07/13/00 9:15 3.86 1092.79 1088.93
Vent-1 07/13/00 19:00 3.86 1092.79 1088.93
Vent-1 07/14/00 11:50 3.88 1092.79 1088.91
Vent-1 07/14/00 20:13 3.88 1092.79 1088.91
Vent-1 07/18/00 12:13 3.88 1092.79 1088.91
Vent-1 07/18/00 20:03 3.87 1092.79 1088.92
Vent-1 07/19/00 14:41 3.87 1092.79 1088.92
Vent-1 07/20/00 9:10 3.86 1092.79 1088.93
Vent-1 07/21/00 10:40 3.86 1092.79 1088.93
Vent-1 07/25/00 17:02 3.88 1092.79 1088.91
Vent-1 07/26/00 17:18 3.87 1092.79 1088.92
Vent-1 07/28/00 15:26 3.87 1092.79 1086.92
Vent-1 07/31/00 13:26 3.89 1092.79 1088.90
Vent-1 08/02/00 11:05 3.88 1092.79 1088.91
Vent-1 08/03/00 18:50 3.88 1092.79 1088.91
Vent-1 08/04/00 9:03 3.89 1092.79 1088.90
Vent-2 07/11/00 18:56 2.55 1124.28 1121.73
Vent-2 07/13/00 9:21 2.56 1124.28 1121.72
Vent-2 07/13/00 19:05 2.55 1124,28 1121.73
Vent-2 07/14/00 11:40 2.57 1124.28 1121.71
Vent-2 07/14/00 20:10 2.59 1124.28 1121.69
Vent-2 07/18/00 12:07 2.60 1124.28 1121.68
Vent-2 07/18/00 20:00 2.52 1124.28 1121.76
Vent-2 07/19/00 14:39 2.53 1124.28 1121.75
Vent-2 07/20/00 9:07 2.52 1124.28 1121.76
Vent-2 07/21/00 10:33 2.51 1124.28 1121.77
Page 7 of 8
Confidential
Attorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 3-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WELL WATER LEVELS(MANUAL READINGS)
Well ID Date Time DTW (feet) Well Elevation Water Elevation Comments
\/ent-2 07/25/00 17:11 2.57 1124.28 1121.71
Vent-2 07/26/00 17:16 2.58 1124.28 1121.70
Vent-2 07/28/00 15:31 2.52 1124.28 1121.76
\/enl-2 07/31/00 13:33 2.53 1124.28 1121.75
\/ent-2 08/02/00 11:10 2.52 1124.28 1121.76
Vent-2 08/03/00 18:43 2.52 1124.28 1121.76
Vent-2 08/04/00 9:09 2.52 1124.28 1121.76
Residential-1 08/22/00 17:20 84.81 1133 1048.19 Well Elevation estimated from
Residential-1 08/23/00 9:22 84.82 1133 1048.18 approximate well location from
U.S.G.S. topographic map.
Page 8 of 8
Confidential
Attorney Client PrivUedged
TABLE 3-3
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
BACKGROUND WEIR FLOW RATES(MANUAL READINGS)
Page 1 of 2
Confidential
/Attorney Client Priviiedged
TABLE 3-3
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP
BACKGROUND WEIR FLOW RATES {MANUAL READINGS)
Page 2 of 2
Confidential
A ttorney Client Priviiedged
TABLE 4-1
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
WELL CLUSTER VERTICAL HYDRAULIC GRADIENTS
Notes:
dh = difference in hydraulic head
ds = distance in feet between locations
Confidential
Attorney Client Priviiedged
TABLE 4-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
LINEAR GROUNDWATER FLOW VELOCITY - AUGUST 4, 2000
Notes:
Geometric
Parameters Maximum Minimum Average Mean
Notes: T = Transmissivity
K = Hydraulic Conductivity
Sa = Storativity
Confidential
Attorney Client PrivHedged
TABLE 5-2
GSWA
SPRING HILL CAMP STUDY AREA
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL RESULTS
Notes:
Federal Drinking Water Standards as reported in analytical report from Quality Services Laboratory
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Drinking Water Standards
ND - Not Detected
MR - None Required
* - Michigan Maximum Contaminant Level does not exist, per October 10, 2000 discussion with Richard Benzie, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality,
Drinking Water and Radiological Protection Division.
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