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Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100) : Lecture # 18: Operational Amplifier (Cont..)

This document summarizes key points from a lecture on operational amplifiers: It discusses the non-inverting amplifier configuration and its output calculation. It also examines an assessment problem involving an op-amp circuit. Next, it covers the difference amplifier and how its output is proportional to the difference between its two inputs. Finally, it presents a more realistic op-amp model that accounts for its finite resistance, open-loop gain, and output resistance, and shows how this affects analysis of an inverting amplifier circuit.

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257 views9 pages

Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100) : Lecture # 18: Operational Amplifier (Cont..)

This document summarizes key points from a lecture on operational amplifiers: It discusses the non-inverting amplifier configuration and its output calculation. It also examines an assessment problem involving an op-amp circuit. Next, it covers the difference amplifier and how its output is proportional to the difference between its two inputs. Finally, it presents a more realistic op-amp model that accounts for its finite resistance, open-loop gain, and output resistance, and shows how this affects analysis of an inverting amplifier circuit.

Uploaded by

HadeedAhmedSher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
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Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 18: Operational Amplifier (cont..)

https://twitter.com/EEDKFUEIT Learning Management System 10.1.0.6


Slide credits

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
2
Contents
Noninverting amplifier
Assessment problem
Difference amplifier
A more realistic model of op-amp

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
3
Noninverting amplifier
Configuration is shown here.
Vg represents the input signal.
Operation is in linear region.
Vp=Vg
Vn=Vp=Vg
In=Ip=0
The path Rf and Rs becomes a voltage divider for Vo.
Vn=Vg=VoRs/(Rs+Rf)
Vo=Vg(Rs+Rf)\Rs
For linear operation (Rs+Rf)/Rs <| Vcc/Vg|
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
4
Assessment problem 5.4 [8th ed.]
Find Vo if Rx=60k
Vp is the Vg-V15k
Vp=320mV=Vn
Vo=Vg(Rs+Rf)/Rs
Vo=320mV(4.5k+63k)/4.5k
Vo=4.8V

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
5
Difference amplifier
Input is applied on both the input terminals.
Output is proportional to the difference between the two
input voltages.
Linear region is supposed.
Applying node voltage at Vn
Vn-V1/Ra+Vn-Vo/Rb+In=0
In=Ip=0
Vn=Vp=RdVb/Rc+Rd
Vo=Vb(Rd(Ra+Rb))/(Ra(Rc+Rd))-VaRb/Ra
Output is difference of scaled input Va and Vb .
Scaling can be made equal by Ra/Rb=Rc/Rd
Vo=(Vb-Va)Rb/Ra
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
6
A more realistic model of op-amp
The ideal model is modified
A finite resistance Ri
A finite open loop gain A
A nonzero output resistance Ro
Typically
Ri=2M
A=105
Ro=75
The impact of these values is
VnVp
In=Ip0
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
7
Inverting amplifier with realistic model
The analysis is based on nodal voltage method.
At node a
Vn-Vs/Rs+Vn/Ri+Vn-Vo/Rf=0
At node b
Vo-Vn/Rf+Vo-A(Vp-Vn)/Ro=0
Rearranging these terms
(1/Rs+ 1/Ri+1/Rf)Vn- (1/Rf)Vo= (1/Rs)Vs
(A/Ro-1/Rf)Vn+(1/Rf+1/Ro)Vo=0
Using cramers rule
Vo=Vs(-A+Ro/Rf)/(Rs/Rf(1+A+Ro/Ri)+(Rs/Ri+1)+(Ro/Rf))
If ideal values of Ro, Ri and A is used then this expression
reduces to the one studied earlier
Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
9

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