This document discusses the role of therapeutic apheresis in treating cancer. It describes how cancer cells overproduce receptors that bind to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), preventing TNF from killing the cancer cells. The BioPheresis system aims to remove these soluble TNF receptors from the bloodstream, allowing the immune system to more effectively attack the cancer using TNF. The document outlines therapeutic plasmapheresis protocols used in oncology, including pre-operative sessions and sessions accompanying chemotherapy or radiotherapy, to help detoxify patients and support their immune response against the cancer.
This document discusses the role of therapeutic apheresis in treating cancer. It describes how cancer cells overproduce receptors that bind to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), preventing TNF from killing the cancer cells. The BioPheresis system aims to remove these soluble TNF receptors from the bloodstream, allowing the immune system to more effectively attack the cancer using TNF. The document outlines therapeutic plasmapheresis protocols used in oncology, including pre-operative sessions and sessions accompanying chemotherapy or radiotherapy, to help detoxify patients and support their immune response against the cancer.
This document discusses the role of therapeutic apheresis in treating cancer. It describes how cancer cells overproduce receptors that bind to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), preventing TNF from killing the cancer cells. The BioPheresis system aims to remove these soluble TNF receptors from the bloodstream, allowing the immune system to more effectively attack the cancer using TNF. The document outlines therapeutic plasmapheresis protocols used in oncology, including pre-operative sessions and sessions accompanying chemotherapy or radiotherapy, to help detoxify patients and support their immune response against the cancer.
This document discusses the role of therapeutic apheresis in treating cancer. It describes how cancer cells overproduce receptors that bind to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), preventing TNF from killing the cancer cells. The BioPheresis system aims to remove these soluble TNF receptors from the bloodstream, allowing the immune system to more effectively attack the cancer using TNF. The document outlines therapeutic plasmapheresis protocols used in oncology, including pre-operative sessions and sessions accompanying chemotherapy or radiotherapy, to help detoxify patients and support their immune response against the cancer.
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Technology of M.R.
Lentz The role of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of cancer: a review
M. Rigdon Lentz Therapeutic Apheresis. -1999. -Vol. 3, no. 1. -R. 40-48. Columbia Southern Hills Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Scientific background Many cancer cells are known to actively overproduce and shed receptors of certain cytokines, to protect themselves from the immune system. The two soluble TNF receptors R1 and R2 are shed by cancer cells to protect themselves from the cytokine "Tumor Necrosis Factor" (TNF) expressed by immuneactive cells. TNF is an important and effective cytokine expressed by immune cells to kill cancer (and other) cells. The BioPheresis system is designed to remove these inhibitors TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 so that the immune system can more effectively attack the cancer. Work of Dr. M. Rigdon Lentz et al. regarding the TNF receptor shedding as a mechanism, whereby cancer cells may protect themselves from otherwise normal destructive immune surveillance is the basis for this approach. Other scientists have since shown that elevation of these receptor levels in blood is an independent variable that correlates with reduced patient survival regardless of tumor type and stage (Langkorf et. al). The applications "Ultrapheresis" and "Immune adsorption" were both developed by Dr. Lentz and his colleagues in an attempt to remove these inhibitors to allow normal immune function against cancer.
Normal immune sensitive cells (for example, viral infected cells, transplanted cells) express receptors to TNF (TNF-R1 and TNF-R2) on their cell surface and are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of TNF that is brought to this target cell by a family of immune active cells. It is believed that cancer cells overproduce these receptors to the point that they are shed into the tumor microenvironment and can bind to the TNF of an active killer cell and neutralize it. A killer cell once neutralized should no longer kill the cancer target (see figure 1).
Normally immune sensitive cell
Figure 1: in comparison to normally immune sensitive cells, cancer cells express a high level of TNF receptors to the point they are shed into the tumor.
The Plasmapheresis system is designed to remove these inhibiting sTNFRs,
allowing the body's own TNF mediated immune response to become unblocked and shall enable it to attack and destroy tumors (see figure 2).
TNF is blocked by the
Low inhibitor levels allow inhibitors TNF-R1 and TNF- TNF to attack cancer cells R2
TNF blocked by inhibitors Unblocked TNF
TNF-R1 TNF-R2
Blocked TNF ist rendered Uninhibited or "Free" TNF is
Inactive in attack against able to launch effective cancer cells attack on cancer cells
Figure 2: Hypothesis for TNF and sTNFR Interactions
THERAPEUTIC PLASMAPHERESIS PROTOCOLS IN ONCOLOGY
Valery Voinv.A., Orlov, S.v., Karchevskyy K.s., Warriors A.v. Spbmu name akad. I.p. Pavlova, St. Petersburg. There is a lot of evidence for detoxification and efferent therapy in cancer patients: 1. in the preoperative preparation of the 2-3 sessions of plasmapheresis with laser irradiation of blood. Especially in cases with obstructive jaundice and inflammatory complications from tumors. 2. support of chemoradiotherapy-plasmapheresis sessions over 5, 10, 15 and 20 sessions of radiation for a month. 3. accompanying courses of chemotherapy for the purpose of detoxication-the 2-3 sessions of plasmapheresis in volume of up to 0.3 ORC with laser irradiation of blood after each cycle of chemotherapy. Substitution of kristalloidnymi solutions, expressed in gipoproteinemii to add protein solutions (albumin, plasma). A total of over 6 months may take up to 12-15 sessions of plasmapheresis. 4. intensive plasmapheresis programs conducted through the day during the month (up to 12 sessions) with the removal of up to 0.5 ORC and replacement with donor plasma/w ratio of 0.8: 1 with laser irradiation of blood for inhibitors of killernoj activity of lymphocytes and killer cytolytic activity of macrophages to activate cellular immunity. (Published in the Anthology: "proceedings of the twelfth Conference of the Moscow society of gemafereza, m., 2004, p. 9).
