GLENCOE Vocabulary Power-Workbook PDF
GLENCOE Vocabulary Power-Workbook PDF
GLENCOE Vocabulary Power-Workbook PDF
VOCABULARY
POWER
G RADE 8
To the Student
This Vocabulary Power workbook gives you the practice you need to expand your vocabulary
and improve your ability to understand what you read. Each lesson focuses on a single
vocabulary concept or on a theme that ties together the list of words in the Word Bank. You
then have several opportunities to learn the words by completing exercises on definitions,
context clues, and word parts.
You can keep track of your own progress and achievement in vocabulary study by using
the Student Progress Chart, which appears on page v. With your teachers help, you can score
your work on any lesson or test. After you know your score, use the Scoring Scale on pages
vivii to figure your percentage. Then mark your score (or percentage correct) on the Student
Progress Chart. Share your Progress Chart with your parents or guardians as your teacher
directs.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States
Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or means, or
stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN 0-07-826228-3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 024 05 04 03 02 01
CONTENTS
Unit 4
Lesson 15 Using Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Lesson 16 Using Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Lesson 17 Prefixes That Tell When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Lesson 18 Using Reading SkillsLearning from Context: Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Unit 5
Lesson 19 Using Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Lesson 20 Using Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Lesson 21 Latin Word Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Lesson 22 Suffixes That Form Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Lesson 23 Using Reading SkillsLearning from Context: Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Unit 6
Lesson 24 Using Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Lesson 25 Words from Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Lesson 26 Using Synonyms and Antonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Lesson 27 Number Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Lesson 28 Using Reading SkillsUsing a Dictionary: Multiple-Meaning Words . . . . . . . .65
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Unit 7
Lesson 29 Using Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Lesson 30 Suffixes That Form Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Lesson 31 Compound Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Lesson 32 Using Reading SkillsLearning from Context: Comparison and Contrast . . .75
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Unit 8
Lesson 33 Using Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Lesson 34 Homophones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Lesson 35 Borrowed Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Lesson 36 Using Test-Taking SkillsAnalogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Name: ____________________________
Test
23
24
25
26
27
28
Review
Test
29
30
31
32
Review
Test
33
34
35
36
Review
Test
Number Correct
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Number of Items
1 100
2 50 100
3 33.3 66.7 100
4 25 50 75 100
5 20 40 60 80 100
6 16.7 33.3 50 66.7 83.3 100
7 14.3 28.6 42.9 57.1 71.4 85.7 100
8 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100
9 11.1 22.2 33.3 44.4 55.6 66.7 77.8 88.9 100
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
11 9.1 18.1 27.2 36.3 45.4 54.5 63.6 72.7 81.8 90.9 100
12 8.3 16.7 25 33.3 41.7 50 58.3 66.7 75 83.3 91.7 100
13 7.7 15.3 23.1 30.8 38.5 46.1 53.8 61.5 69.2 76.9 84.6 92.3 100
14 7.1 14.3 21.4 28.6 35.7 42.8 50 57.1 64.3 71.4 78.5 85.7 92.8 100
15 6.7 13.3 20 26.7 33.3 40 46.6 53.3 60 66.7 73.3 80 86.7 93.3 100
16 6.3 12.5 18.8 25 31.2 37.5 43.7 50 56.2 62.5 68.7 75 81.2 87.5 93.7 100
17 5.9 11.8 17.6 23.5 29.4 35.3 41.2 47 52.9 58.8 64.7 70.6 76.5 82.3 88.2 94.1 100
18 5.6 11.1 16.7 22.2 27.8 33.3 38.9 44.4 50 55.5 61.1 66.7 72.2 77.8 83.3 88.9 94.4 100
19 5.3 10.5 15.8 21.2 26.3 31.6 36.8 42.1 47.4 52.6 57.9 63.1 68.4 73.7 78.9 84.2 89.4 94.7 100
20 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 85 80 85 90 95 100
21 4.8 9.5 14.3 19 23.8 28.6 33.3 38.1 42.8 47.6 52.3 57.1 61.9 66.7 71.4 76.1 80.9 85.7 90.5 95.2
22 4.5 9.1 13.7 18.2 22.7 27.3 31.8 36.4 40.9 45.4 50 54.5 59.1 63.6 68.1 72.7 77.2 81.8 86.4 90.9
23 4.3 8.7 13.0 17.4 21.7 26.1 30.4 34.8 39.1 43.5 47.8 52.1 56.5 60.8 65.2 69.5 73.9 78.3 82.6 86.9
24 4.7 8.3 12.5 16.7 20.8 25 29.2 33.3 37.5 41.7 45.8 50 54.2 58.3 62.5 66.7 70.8 75 79.1 83.3
25 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80
26 3.8 7.7 11.5 15.4 19.2 23.1 26.9 30.4 34.6 38.5 42.3 46.2 50 53.8 57.7 61.5 65.4 69.2 73.1 76.9
27 3.7 7.4 11.1 14.8 18.5 22.2 25.9 29.6 33.3 37 40.7 44.4 48.1 51.9 55.6 59.2 63 66.7 70.4 74.1
28 3.6 7.1 10.7 14.3 17.9 21.4 25 28.6 32.1 35.7 39.3 42.9 46.4 50 53.6 57.1 60.7 64.3 67.9 71.4
29 3.4 6.9 10.3 13.8 17.2 20.7 24.1 27.6 31 34.5 37.9 41.4 44.8 48.3 51.7 55.2 58.6 62.1 65.5 69
30 3.3 6.7 10 13.3 16.7 20 23.3 26.7 30 33.3 36.7 40 43.3 46.7 50 53.3 56.7 60 63.3 66.7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 100
22 95.4 100
23 91.3 95.6 100
24 87.5 91.6 95.8 100
25 84 88 92 96 100
26 80.8 84.6 88.5 92.3 96.2 100
27 77.8 81.5 85.2 88.9 92.6 96.3 100
28 75 78.6 82.1 85.7 89.3 92.9 96.4 100
29 72.4 75.9 79.3 82.8 86.2 89.7 93.1 96.6 100
30 70 73.3 76.7 80 83.3 86.7 90 93.3 96.7 100
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
31 67.7 70.9 74.2 77.4 80.6 83.9 87.1 90.3 93.5 96.7 100
32 65.6 68.8 71.9 75 78.1 81.2 84.4 87.5 90.6 93.8 96.9 100
33 63.6 66.7 69.7 72.7 75.8 78.8 81.8 84.8 87.8 90.9 93.9 96.9 100
34 61.8 64.7 67.6 70.6 73.5 76.5 79.3 82.4 85.3 88.2 91.2 94.1 97.1 100
35 60 62.9 65.7 68.9 71.4 74.3 77.1 80 82.9 85.7 88.6 91.4 94.3 97.1 100
36 58.3 61.1 63.8 66.7 69.4 72.2 75 77.8 80.6 85.7 86.1 88.9 91.7 94.9 97.2 100
37 56.8 59.5 62.2 64.9 67.6 70.3 72.9 75.7 78.4 81.1 83.8 86.5 89.2 91.9 94.6 97.3 100
38 55.3 57.9 60.5 63.2 65.8 68.4 71.2 73.7 76.3 78.9 81.6 84.2 86.8 89.5 92.1 94.7 97.3 100
39 53.8 56.4 58.9 61.5 64.1 66.7 69.2 71.8 74.4 76.9 79.5 82.1 84.6 87.2 89.7 92.3 94.9 97.4 100
40 52.5 55 57.5 60 62.5 65 67.5 70 72.5 75 77.5 80 82.5 85 87.5 90 92.5 95 97.5 100
Word List
anonymous hysteria tranquillity wholesome
awed lurch valid woe
humility perish
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Synonyms are words with similar meanings. Each boldfaced word below is paired with a synonym
whose meaning you probably know. Think of other words related to the synonym and write them
on the line provided. Then, look up the word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. perish : die
Dictionary definition
2. woe : sadness
Dictionary definition
3. tranquillity : peacefulness
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. lurch : stagger
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
7. anonymous : unknown
Dictionary definition
8. awed : admiring
Dictionary definition
continued
9. wholesome : healthy
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
1. Despite her impressive accomplishments, the scientist kept her attitude of ________________.
2. We were definitely ________________ the first time we visited the Capitol Building in
Washington, D.C.
3. My heart is broken, sighed the heroine of the drama, and I know I shall ________________
before the sun rises.
4. Anyone who wishes to try out for the soccer team must have a(n) ________________
certificate of good health from a doctor.
5. The Bosnian people suffered much ________________ in the brutal war.
6. As the asteroid approached Earth, the peoples ________________ grew.
7. The engine started at last and the moped began to ________________ forward.
8. The person who donated $10,000 wished to remain ________________.
Word List
alliance indifference simultaneous urban
alternative meager taunt varied
commence portray
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably know. Think
of other words related to the synonym and write them on the line provided. Then, look up the
word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. taunt : tease
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
3. commence : begin
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. meager : thin
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
6. urban : city
Dictionary definition
7. varied : different
Dictionary definition
8. alliance : association
Dictionary definition
continued
9. alternative : choice
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
1. Because the two soccer games were ________________, we could not watch them both.
2. What time does the movie ________________? Jason asked, worried about being late.
4. The two countries formed a secret ________________ to defend each other in case of military
attack.
5. The menu choices were extremely ________________. I found several things I wanted to order.
EXERCISE C Usage
Answer the questions based on your understanding of the boldfaced word.
1. Do you think a meager meal would satisfy you if you were very hungry? Why or why not?
4. Name a film, TV show, or book that you feel accurately portrays teenage life. Why did you choose
this particular film, TV show, or book?
5. What do you feel is a good alternative to settling disputes with violence? Explain your answer.
Word List
adjourn dramatize mutation precedence
anthropology monotonous perception secluded
circumnavigate mutate
1. The root of mutation comes from mutare, the Latin word for change. If you add the noun suffix
-ion to this root, what might be the words meaning?
2. Certain suffixes can change the part of speech of a word root. For example, -ate placed at the end
of a root forms a verb. How would you define mutate?
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. The suffix -ion makes a root a noun. To perceive is to observe. If you add the suffix -ion, what might
perception mean?
4. Prefixes can be affixed to the beginning of roots to change their meanings. The root jour/journ
means day. Adding the Latin prefix ad-, meaning to or toward, creates the word adjourn,
which probably means
5. Some words are formed without prefixes or suffixes by combining two roots. The Greek root
anthrop/anthropo means human being. The root logy comes from the Greek word for word
and now means study or science. What is anthropology?
continued
6. The prefix mono- means one. The Greek root ton means tone or sound. The suffix -ous
forms an adjective. If someones speech is monotonous, how might you describe it?
7. The Latin word for boat is navis. Adding a verb suffix to this root forms the word navigate. If the
Latin prefix circum- means around, what might you be doing if you circumnavigate the world?
8. Some words have both prefixes and suffixes added to roots. The root cede/cess comes from the Latin
for go. Pre- is a prefix meaning before, while -ence is a noun suffix. What might the word
precedence mean?
9. Another verb suffix is -ize. Our word root drama means the same as the Greek word drama, which
comes from the word for do or act. What would you do if you were to dramatize a story?
10. The root clude comes from the Latin word for close. The prefix se- means apart or away
from. If a cabin is secluded, what other words could you use to describe it?
Word List
belligerent document itinerary levity
compel impulsive levitate rebellious
doctrine initiative
1. rebellious
2. belligerent
3. doctrine
4. document
5. levity
6. levitate
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. initiative
8. itinerary
9. impulsive
10. compel
1. Ms. Jackson said she was proud of the class for taking the ________________ in solving the
problem of litter around the school building and sports fields.
2. The clowns performance ended the evening on a note of ________________, very different
from the shows sober beginning.
continued
3. The television program was about the Truman ________________, President Harry Trumans
belief that the United States had to oppose the Soviet Union following World War II.
4. You can lead a horse to water, but you certainly cant ________________ it to drink!
5. The government soldiers had a difficult time defeating the ________________ forces in battle
because they often disappeared into the jungle.
6. For my final trick, I shall make my assistant ________________ in the air above the audience!
announced the magician.
7. You will never convince the judge unless you are able to ________________ your charges,
proving that they are true.
8. Will the Grand Canyon be on your ________________ for your camping trip?
9. We all felt that Rebecca was ________________ when she volunteered for the committee
without even knowing what she would have to do.
10. I could tell the dog was very ________________ by the way it barked viciously at everyone
who walked by its yard.
EXERCISE C
Answer each question based on your understanding of the boldfaced vocabulary word.
5. What steps would you take to document a case against a factory for polluting a nearby stream?
Guidewords
Pronunciation spelling
preadaptation/precipitator
precipitate (pri si p tat) v. 1. to throw violently, hurl: She addressed the difficult moral
e
situation into which genetic engineering has precipitated modern society. 2. to bring about:
Entry
He precipitated a riot that led to the arrest of dozens of people. 3. to cause to separate from a
solution: The scientist precipitated the salt from the fluid. 4. to condense from a vapor and fall
as rain or snow: I hope the water in the clouds will soon precipitate as rain.
EXERCISE
Use the sample entry to answer each question.
The fiery speech of the rebel leader precipitated the attack on the palace.
3. On which syllable does the primary accent fall in the word precipitate?
Review: Unit 1
EXERCISE
Circle the letter of the word that best completes each sentence.
1. The committee voted to ______ the meeting until after the tornado alert had passed.
a. adjourn b. perish c. taunt d. lurch
2. The need to rebuild some of the nations ______ slums will be an important part of the
candidates election campaign.
a. anonymous b. secluded c. urban d. belligerent
3. Kristins ______ for Washington, D.C., included the White House, the Capitol, and the Supreme
Court Building.
a. precedence b. itinerary c. humility d. alliance
4. Its a shame this poem is ______ because I would love to know who wrote it.
a. secluded b. anonymous c. urban d. belligerent
5. The needs of my children take ______ over every other demand on my time, explained the
employee.
a. humility b. document c. indifference d. precedence
6. No matter how much they ______ Brian about his project, they cannot make him angry.
a. portray b. circumnavigate c. taunt d. compel
8. Ms. Dean had to ______ many of her successes in her application for the Master Teacher Award.
a. document b. compel c. adjourn d. commence
9. Watch how the opossums ______ forward and then fall when they are pretending to be dead.
a. perish b. lurch c. adjourn d. levitate
10. I predict that the cells of the insect will ______ after its exposure to radiation, said the scientist
in the film.
a. adjourn b. dramatize c. levitate d. mutate
Test: Unit 1
PART A
Circle the letter of the word that best completes each sentence.
1. After the Civil War, the ______ Southern states were welcomed back into the Union.
a. alternative b. rebellious c. varied d. simultaneous
2. Do you know which actor will ______ President Lincoln in the new film biography?
a. portray b. document c. commence d. compel
3. Although Woodbridge Middle Schools players were much taller than we were, our volleyball team
was not ______ by them.
a. secluded b. awed c. varied d. valid
4. The novelist had been asked to ______ her most recent best-seller, Hope in the Dawn, for a
television movie.
a. adjourn b. taunt c. dramatize d. lurch
5. I found the speeches so ______ that I couldnt help yawning every two minutes!
a. impulsive b. mutant c. wholesome d. monotonous
6. Ola expressed ______ when we asked her which ride we should go on first, so we decided
without her.
a. humility b. initiative c. indifference d. tranquillity
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. Because the two comments were ______, I couldnt understand either one.
a. simultaneous b. anonymous c. monotonous d. impulsive
8. After the young children giggled during the ceremony, their parents spoke to them about their
inappropriate moment of ______.
a. hysteria b. precedence c. humility d. levity
9. Theres no way you can ______ me to reveal the location of the secret meeting place,
thundered the hero to his captors.
a. perish b. compel c. taunt d. commence
10. The commission wrote that no ______ to the automobile was likely to be developed over the
next twenty-five years.
a. alternative b. itinerary c. alliance d. precedence
continued
PART B
For each group of words, circle the letter of the vocabulary word that best fits.
PART C
Circle the number of the word that is most nearly the opposite of the boldfaced word.
1. thoughtful
a. rebellious b. anonymous c. meager d. impulsive
2. happiness
a. woe b. tranquillity c. humility d. levity
5. finish
a. mutate b. taunt c. commence d. compel
Word List
absurd intimate resolve uncomprehendingly
arrogant persistently scowl vivid
competently postpone
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced vocabulary word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably
know. Think of other words related to the synonym and write your ideas on the line provided.
Then, look up the word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. intimate : close
Dictionary definition
2. scowl : frown
Dictionary definition
3. arrogant : conceited
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. resolve : decide
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
6. postpone : delay
Dictionary definition
7. persistently : stubbornly
Dictionary definition
8. absurd : foolish
Dictionary definition
continued
9. competently : adequately
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
1. The instructor urged her students to resolve the mathematics problem into simple elements.
2. The negotiator tried unsuccessfully to resolve the dispute between management and labor.
3. Medical researchers are trying to resolve the chemical imbalance that triggers addictions.
Word List
acknowledge hospitality rehabilitate significant
combatant longevity reserve unseemly
defraud neutralize
2. What is the meaning of the word neutralize, which is created by adding the verb suffix -ize, mean-
ing to engage in a (specified) activity, to the adjective neutral?
3. Seemly behavior is conduct that is suitable, appropriate, in good taste, and pleasant. Our word
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
comes from the Viking word for fitting. What are some synonyms for unseemly?
4. The noun suffix -ant usually means a person who engages in this activity. Name a famous com-
batant from U.S. history.
5. Synonyms of the word fraud include trickery, deception, and cheating. De- is a prefix that often
creates a verb from a noun. What are some words that mean about the same as defraud?
6. Our modern word hospital comes from the Latin word meaning guest. Hospital was used in ear-
lier times to mean a place where travelers could sleep and eat. What things might you do to show
hospitality to a guest in your home?
continued
7. We use the common word long to describe both distance and length of time something exists.
What comes to your mind when you add the noun suffix -ity to long to create longevity?
8. The word reserve is based on the Latin word reservare, meaning to keep. What items, such as
foods, would you reserve for an emergency such as a flood?
9. Many English words originate in the Latin base word signum, meaning sign. Name some syn-
onyms of the adjective form significant.
10. Unlike many modern English words, knowledge does not come from Latin. This base word comes
from cnawan, the Old English word for know. An Old English verb form of this root is oncnawan.
What are some synonyms for our word acknowledge, which comes from this Old English verb?
1. rehabilitate
2. neutralize
4. combatant
5. defraud
6. hospitality
7. longevity
8. reserve
9. significant
10. acknowledge
Word List
contradiction ignoble irreversible nondescript
deflate improbable malodorous unabashed
dismantle inhumane
1. unabashed: If you abash someone, you destroy the persons self-confidence or cause embarrass-
ment. How might you describe someone who is unabashed?
Dictionary definition
2. dismantle: A mantle was a kind of cloak worn during the seventeenth century, often as a symbol
of authority or power. The Middle French word desmanteler meant to remove a mantle. Today
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Dictionary definition
3. ignoble: History shows us many examples of noble people. Name some historical figures you
consider to be ignoble.
Dictionary definition
4. contradiction: The Latin root dict means to tell, and our English word contradict means to tell
or speak against. Adding the noun suffix -ion gives what meaning to the word contradiction?
Dictionary definition
continued
5. improbable: Most people agree that it is probable the sun will rise tomorrow morning. What is an
event you consider to be improbable?
Dictionary definition
6. malodorous: Something that is odorous has a strong smell, either pleasant or unpleasant. The
prefix mal- means bad. What are some things that you consider malodorous?
Dictionary definition
7. deflate: When you inflate a basketball or tire, you blow air into it. Describe what happens when
you deflate a basketball or tire. In what way can a person be deflated?
Dictionary definition
8. nondescript: Describe and description are based on the Latin root describere (to describe). On
the basis of the meanings of describe and description, what might the adjective nondescript mean?
Dictionary definition
9. irreversible: Many processes in life and science are reversible. Can you name some that are irreversible?
Dictionary definition
EXERCISE B
Words that begin with prefixes meaning not or the opposite of appear often in newspapers and
magazines. Read an article. Then, on a separate sheet of paper, make a list of words containing the
prefixes discussed in this lesson. After each word, use your vocabulary skills to make an educated
guess about its meaning. Then, write the dictionary definition of the word.
EXERCISE
Read each sentence and use context clues to determine the meaning of the boldfaced word. Underline
key words in the sentence that help you define the word. Then, write its probable meaning on the line.
1. I never dreamed that Tanya could be so vindictive; her demand for revenge took us by surprise.
2. Tyler is adept at coordinating group projects; he can unify members around a common goal.
3. Im afraid that tired, old, familiar story about the farmer is very trite.
4. Grandmother was a bastion of strength and inspiration, a rock against all the storms of misfortune.
6. Their criticism did not denigrate us; they couldnt discount our project.
7. The National Guard was called in to quell the violent demonstration and restore order to the city.
8. The cheerleaders tried to galvanize the passive crowd by their lively actions and chants.
9. The prestigious statue, standing on its black marble pedestal, overlooked the park.
10. The editorial was a lampoon, harshly satirizing the candidates homely features and awkward manner.
Review: Unit 2
EXERCISE A
For each group of words, circle the letter of the vocabulary word that belongs.
EXERCISE B
Circle the letter of the word that best completes the sentence.
1. The league was forced to ______ all games because of the heat wave.
a. rehabilitate b. deflate c. galvanize d. postpone
2. Our basketball coach hoped that our smaller, faster players would ______ the other teams
4. Sean argued so ______ for going to the movie that I finally agreed to go.
a. improbably b. unseemly c. persistently d. uncomprehendingly
5. The prison program tried to ______ criminals and prepare them for life outside of prison.
a. denigrate b. rehabilitate c. postpone d. deflate
Test: Unit 2
PART A
Circle the letter of the word that best fits.
1. Which word would describe the way youd feel if you found yourself in a ridiculous situation?
a. absurd b. vivid c. nondescript d. vindictive
2. How would someone probably respond if you called him or her an unflattering name?
a. resolve b. defraud you c. scowl at you d. reserve you
3. Up the down stairs, cool heat, and going under an overpass are examples of ______.
a. hospitality b. combatants c. longevity d. contradiction
4. How would you be doing a task if you had no idea how to proceed?
a. persistently c. competently
b. uncomprehendingly d. improbably
6. You would probably ______a meeting if not enough people could show up for it.
a. rehabilitate b. dismantle c. postpone d. lampoon
9. What would you expect when you check into an expensive resort hotel?
a. a bastion b. hospitality c. longevity d. a scowl
11. How would someone who is well trained in lifesaving techniques perform the job of lifeguard?
a. uncomprehendingly c. competently
b. persistently d. improbably
12. Which word is an antonym for, or the opposite of, blow up?
a. quell b. deflate c. dismantle d. reserve
continued
13. Which of the following words describes the way a barnyard probably smells to most people?
a. absurd b. nondescript c. unabashed d. malodorous
15. Society will gain if it can ______ people sent to prison for committing crimes.
a. dismantle b. intimate c. neutralize d. rehabilitate
PART B
Circle the letter of the word that best fits with the others.
Word List
abundant lapse serene testimony
complex loiter summon verbal
enclose plight
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably know. Think
of other words related to the synonym and write your ideas on the line provided. Then, look up
the boldfaced word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. lapse : decline
Dictionary definition
2. serene : calm
Dictionary definition
3. summon : call
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Dictionary definition
4. plight : predicament
Dictionary definition
5. complex : complicated
Dictionary definition
6. abundant : plentiful
Dictionary definition
7. enclose : surround
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Vocabulary Power Unit 3, Lesson 10 23
Name Date Class
continued
9. testimony : statement
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
2. What is one technique you use to stay serene before a stressful event?
4. What is the most complex meal you have ever prepared? What made it so complex?
5. Describe a time when you had a lapse of concentration. What happened as a result?
Word List
abdicate intervention perforate transfix
abduction intramural perpetual transmission
intermediate intravenous
1. transmission: The prefix trans- is a where prefix that means across or through. The Latin root
miss means send. What might be the meaning of these two word elements when combined with
the noun suffix -ion? Why is this word also used to name an important part of an automobile?
Dictionary definition
2. transfix: The root fix comes from the Latin word meaning to fasten or pierce. If you experience
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
something that has the power to transfix you, what words could you use to describe the experience?
Dictionary definition
3. abdicate: Another prefix that relates to location is ab-, which means from. The root dic, the same
one used in such words as dictate, diction, and predict, means tell. What would a king be doing if he
were to abdicate his throne?
Dictionary definition
4. abduction: Another common Latin root, duc, means to lead and is used in words like conduct and
conductor. If police are investigating the abduction of a child, what is another word for this crime?
Dictionary definition
Vocabulary Power Unit 3, Lesson 11 25
Name Date Class
continued
5. perpetual: The where prefix per- has the meaning of through or throughout. The prefix can
be combined with a root that means to go to. What might be the meaning of the adjective per-
petual formed by this root and prefix?
Dictionary definition
6. perforate: The Latin root forare means to bore or to drill. If a machine is designed to perforate
something, what is it probably doing?
Dictionary definition
7. intermediate: The Latin prefix inter- means between, while the root med, medi means middle.
If something is located in an intermediate position, where would you find it?
Dictionary definition
8. intervention: The root ven/veni comes from the Latin word for come. What are some situations
in which a police officer might take part in an intervention?
Dictionary definition
9. intramural: A similar prefix, intra-, means within, during, or inside of. Mur is a Latin root
meaning wall. When you play an intramural sport, whom are you playing against? How does
Dictionary definition
10. intravenous: The English word vein comes from the Latin word vena. Venous is the adjective
form. If you receive an intravenous injection rather than a shot in a muscle or just under your
skin, where does the needle go?
Dictionary definition
EXERCISE B Finding Where Prefixes
Words that begin with prefixes that tell where appear often in newspapers and magazines. Read a
newspaper or magazine article. Then, on a separate sheet of paper, make a list of the words you
find containing the prefixes discussed in this lesson. After each word, use your vocabulary skills to
make an educated guess about its meaning. Then, use a dictionary to write its definition.
26 Unit 3, Lesson 11 Vocabulary Power
Name Date Class
Word List
apathetic hydrophobia phobia phonograph
autonomous pathos phonetics sophisticated
autopsy philosophical
Dictionary definition
2. Sometimes words are formed by joining two roots and their meanings, rather than by adding a
prefix or suffix to a root. What is the literal meaning of phonograph, a word created by joining the
Greek root graph write to phono? What is another name for this machine?
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. Since the Greek root aut/auto means self or same and nomos means law, what is an
autonomous country?
Dictionary definition
4. Opt, a root that comes from the Greek word for sight, is used in our words optical and optician.
The word autopsy is formed by adding the prefix auto- to the root opt. Why might a doctor
perform an autopsy on a dead body?
Dictionary definition
5. Phobia is a Greek root that means fear. We use the same word in English to describe a certain
kind of feeling about a specific object or idea. How would you describe this feeling?
Dictionary definition
continued
6. You probably know the Greek root hydr/hydro from such words as hydraulic, hydrogen, hydro-
electric, and hydrant. From what special fear does someone with hydrophobia suffer?
Dictionary definition
7. Suffering or feeling is the meaning of the Greek root path/patho. If a work of art like a painting,
poem, or play creates pathos in the people who experience it, what might they be feeling?
Dictionary definition
8. The meaning of the root and the part of speech may be changed by the addition of different
prefixes and suffixes. The prefix a- is a negative prefix, while the suffix -ic forms an adjective. How
might you describe someone who is apathetic?
Dictionary definition
9. The Greek root soph means wise. In what way is someone who is sophisticated also wise?
Dictionary definition
10. Phil/philo is a Greek root meaning loving or having a special fondness or interest in. When the
roots philo and soph are combined, the new word philosophical is formed. What does a
philosophical person love?
Dictionary definition
Word List
adherent dormitory lavatory occupant
authoritarian gratitude mandate urbanite
certitude humanoid
1. As a noun suffix, -ate means function, office, or rank. Our word mandate comes from the Latin
word manus, meaning hand, and mandare, meaning to entrust. If a court delivers a mandate,
what is it doing?
Dictionary definition
2. To adhere to something means to follow, to give support to, or to believe in. The noun suffix
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
-ent, like the more common suffix -er, means one who. Name a religion, political party, or other
belief of which you are an adherent.
Dictionary definition
3. The noun suffix -ant is a variation of -ent. To occupy something is to live in it or be located in it.
Who is the occupant of the desk to your right? Of the home next to yours?
Dictionary definition
4. The noun suffix -ory comes from Latin and means place for. This suffix is used with many differ-
ent words, some of which are Latin roots. The Latin root dorm means to sleep. What is the
main purpose of a dormitory?
Dictionary definition
continued
5. The Latin root lav means to wash. What activity occurs in a lavatory?
Dictionary definition
6. Another noun suffix you may be familiar with is -oid, which means resembling or similar to. If
aliens from outer space are described as humanoid, what features might the aliens have?
Dictionary definition
7. Another noun suffix is -tude, which means the state of being or the condition of. Many English
words are based on the Latin root grat, meaning thankful. How would you define the noun gratitude?
Dictionary definition
8. Words like certain, certify, and certainly are based on the Latin root cernere meaning to decide
or to judge. Another word that uses this root is certitude. What might be its meaning?
Dictionary definition
9. A common noun suffix is -an or -ian. It means being one of, related to, or a member of. The
root author comes from the Latin word meaning power. What words might you use to describe
Dictionary definition
10. One more common noun suffix is -ite. It means someone who is a follower of or a resident of. You
can find this suffix attached to many different words. One word is urbanite, based on the Latin root urb,
meaning city. In your opinion, what are some advantages and disadvantages of being an urbanite?
Dictionary definition
EXERCISE
Below youll find some entries from a thesaurus. Study the entries. Then, answer the questions.
assail v. ambush, assault, attack, batter, beat, invade, raid, storm, strike, wallop, waylay
demure adj. bashful, gentle, innocent, modest, quiet, reserved, shy, timid
impediment n. affliction, bar, barrier, blockage, difficulty, flaw, obstacle, obstruction, snag
lucid adj. clear, clear-cut, coherent, direct, easy, intelligible, logical, simple, understandable
A negative feeling?
2. Which synonym for assail seems to you to be the strongest in its feeling?
3. Suppose you are having trouble deciding whether to use coherent or intelligible as a synonym
for lucid. How would you find out exactly how the two words differ in meaning?
4. Impediment appears here as a noun. The verb form of this word is impede. Based on this
thesaurus entry, what might be some synonyms for the verb impede?
Review: Unit 3
EXERCISE A
Circle the word that does not belong with the others.
EXERCISE B
Circle the word in parentheses that best completes the sentence.
1. After losing the election, Margo lost interest in politics and became (abundant, serene, apathetic).
2. The figure skater glided in a (serene, perpetual, verbal) way across the ice.
3. Throwing pies in peoples faces is not the most (autonomous, intermediate, sophisticated) kind of
comedy, but it can be funny anyway.
4. Middle or (intermediate, complex, perpetual) school comes between elementary and high school.
5. The old woman expressed (certitude, gratitude, hydrophobia) to the firefighters who had rescued her.
8. The inventor claimed to have invented a(n) (perpetual, intravenous, abundant) motion machine,
one that would run forever without needing a source of energy.
9. The farmer built a new corral to (perforate, enclose, summon) his sheep and goats.
10. The governor followed the (abduction, intervention, mandate) of voters and signed the bill into law.
Test: Unit 3
PART A
Circle the letter of the word that best completes the sentence.
1. Troys score on the ______ test section was higher than that on the mathematics section.
a. verbal b. intramural c. autonomous d. apathetic
4. Mozarts opera ______ from the Seraglio is about an attempted kidnapping that takes place in a
Turkish sultans palace.
a. Abduction b. Intervention c. Transmission d. Plight
5. Greg lost the chess game because he had a short ______ of concentration and made a single
bad move.
a. plight b. lapse c. mandate d. certitude
6. The mountain sunset was so beautiful that it had the power to ______ everyone in our hiking group.
a. transfix b. enclose c. perforate d. abdicate
7. A knowledge of ______ can be a great help when you try to learn a foreign language.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
9. The ______ of the trapped miners captured the sympathy of the entire country.
a. mandate b. phobia c. lapse d. plight
10. Terences sprained ankle was so severe that the quick ______ of a doctor was required.
a. transmission b. pathos c. intervention d. gratitude
continued
PART B
Circle the letter of the word that is most nearly an antonym, or the opposite, of the boldfaced word.
1. excitable
a. perpetual b. philosophical c. autonomous d. intravenous
2. doubt
a. pathos b. gratitude c. intervention d. certitude
3. simple
a. complex b. intermediate c. abundant d. verbal
4. keep
a. transfix b. loiter c. enclose d. discard
5. affectionate
a. apathetic b. perpetual c. autonomous d. abundant
PART C
Circle the letter of the word that best matches each clue.
2. This is something that can happen to people only after they are dead.
a. autopsy b. intervention c. abduction d. hydrophobia
Word List
comply invigorating pact rogue
haggle invincible reckless vibrant
imply obstruction
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably know. Think
of other words related to the synonym and write them on the line provided. Then, look up the
boldfaced word in a dictionary and write its definition.
1. pact : agreement
Dictionary definition
2. vibrant : spirited
Dictionary definition
3. haggle : bargain
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. comply : obey
Dictionary definition
5. invincible : unconquerable
Dictionary definition
6. obstruction : obstacle
Dictionary definition
7. rogue : rascal
Dictionary definition
8. imply : suggest
Dictionary definition
continued
9. reckless : heedless
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
4. city streets full of people walking, talking, and having a good time ________________
7. a plastic toy stuck in a drainpipe and slowing the flow of water ________________
10. how a chess player feels who has won the last hundred games he has played ________________
EXERCISE D Description
Using one or more of the vocabulary words, describe mischief or a trick youve experienced,
observed, or read about.
Word List
dumbfounded gauge novel revive
ford illuminate remote unsound
frugal jut
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
continued
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
1. King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table are legendary figures from the remote past.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
3. Remote sensing equipment enables police in helicopters to spot fugitives on the run.
Dictionary definition
5. Jason realized that he had only a remote possibility of winning the track meet.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
7. We found the long-lost television remote control under the sofa cushions.
Dictionary definition
Word List
precaution premeditated recur regenerate
precondition reconstruct refurbish reintegrate
prefix recount
EXERCISE A Prefixes
Use the meaning of the prefix and the information given about the base word or root to supply a
possible meaning for each word. Then, look up the word in a dictionary and write its definition.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
continued
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
8. Caution comes from the Latin infinitive cavere, meaning to be on guard. Precaution might mean
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
10. The root cur comes from the Latin word for run. Recur might mean
Dictionary definition
EXERCISE B Usage
Complete each sentence with the correct vocabulary word.
bovine (bovi-n) adj. [from Latin bov-, bos ox, cow] 1. of, relating to, or resembling bovines and especially the ox
or cow 2. having qualities (as placidity or dullness) characteristic of oxen or cows
czar (zr) n. [from Russian tsar, from Latin Caesar] 1. emperor, specifically the ruler of Russia until the 1917
revolution 2. one having great power or authority
e
mecca (mek ) n. often cap. [Mecca, Saudi Arabia, a destination of pilgrims in the Islamic world] a center of
activity sought as a goal by people sharing a common interest
mesmerize (mez m ri-z, mes-) v. [from Franz Mesmer, 17341815, an Austrian doctor who treated disease
e
using a form of hypnotism] 1. to subject to mesmerism, also to hypnotize 2. spellbind
odyssey (od se) n. [from the Odyssey, the epic poem attributed to Homer recounting the long wanderings of
e
Odysseus] 1. a long wandering or voyage usually marked by many changes of fortune 2. an intellectual or
spiritual wandering or quest
EXERCISE
Use the sample entries above to answer each question about word origins.
1. Which word comes from the name of a Greek hero? What happened to this hero?
2. What is the Russian spelling of czar? From what older word and language does the Russian word come?
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. What is the origin of the word mesmerize? How does the meaning of this word relate to the word origin?
4. Which word comes from the name of a place? Describe this place.
Review: Unit 4
EXERCISE
Circle the word that best completes each sentence.
2. Buyers at a flea market often try to (recount, haggle, gauge) with the sellers to get the best price.
3. The two countries had a(n) (obstruction, precondition, pact) to aid each other if an enemy invaded.
4. Fran decided on a(n) (novel, remote, invincible) costume for the partyshe plans to come as a gas pump.
5. If you ask for a refund at that store, the owners will always (comply, imply, ford) with your request.
6. This chart will help to (illuminate, revive, reconstruct) the complex plan.
7. This chairperson had to (jut, reintegrate, imply) the members after the party lost the election.
8. The scientists task is to (gauge, imply, revive) the amount of oxygen in the icy water near the
South Pole.
9. Fran decided to take her dog on a(n) (rogue, frugal, invigorating) walk in the snow.
10. Building blocks are greatI can (reintegrate, reconstruct, ford) any building I have seen.
11. The lawyer argued that since the suspect had written his plan for the crime in a letter, the act was
12. The other teams thought the Bulls were (invincible, novel, reckless) after three undefeated seasons.
13. Some animals can actually (recount, reintegrate, regenerate) their tails or digits if they lose them!
14. Please (refurbish, recount, revive) for us what you did on your vacation.
15. Darla always has money in her savings account because of her (frugal, novel, remote) shopping habits.
Test: Unit 4
PART A
Circle the answer that best completes each sentence.
a. begin to put on free plays there c. do research to find out how old it was
b. turn it into an apartment building d. change the location of the entrances
8. An obstruction is ______.
a. a formal agreement c. an argument against something
b. something that blocks movement or progress d. a building under construction
continued
PART B
Write the letter of the word that has the same meaning as the expression.
1. suggest or hint
a. jut b. imply c. haggle d. prefix
4. build again
a. refurbish b. imply c. revive d. reconstruct
7. stick out
a. imply b. ford c. prefix d. jut
12. clarify
a. illuminate b. recount c. revive d. reintegrate
Word List
chronicle disheveled indistinct minimal
disclose divert intrigue sibling
discord independent
1. The discord between Democrats and Republicans is evident in their bitter debates.
Dictionary definition
2. Grandfather clocks intrigue me; Id like to learn more about how they are made.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Dictionary definition
5. His disheveled appearanceuncombed hair and unshaved faceshowed that he had just awakened.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
7. The police officers must divert traffic from the parade route.
Dictionary definition
8. Without his glasses, John sees only indistinct figures on the movie screen.
Dictionary definition
continued
America in 1844.
Dictionary definition
10. Because of her high blood pressure, Jodie uses a minimal amount of salt for seasoning.
Dictionary definition
2. The endings of those mystery stories always (disclose, divert, intrigue) me.
4. We can prevent congestion if we (divert, intrigue, disclose) traffic from the accident scene.
5. There was (intrigue, chronicle, discord) between the siblings over the toy.
Word List
agenda bleak priority sullen
askew eloquence serenity tempo
backlog novice
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably know. Think
of other words related to the synonym and write them on the line provided. Then, look up the
vocabulary word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. backlog : buildup
Dictionary definition
2. tempo : rate
Dictionary definition
3. bleak : gloomy
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. novice : beginner
Dictionary definition
5. eloquence : persuasiveness
Dictionary definition
1. After a mild earthquake shook the house, the pictures on the wall were askew.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
continued
3. Still angry with her sister, Gina wore a sullen expression and said nothing during dinner.
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
5. Replacing the broken windows is a priority, but we must also repaint all the rooms.
Dictionary definition
Word List
attain endurance infraction specimen
consecutive execute retain spectacle
duration fragment
1.
2.
3.
4.
secut (follow)
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5.
6.
spec (look)
7.
8.
tain (hold)
9.
10.
continued
EXERCISE B Usage
Draw a line through the italicized expression and, above it, write the vocabulary word that fits.
1. Marlene picked up a piece of the broken vase that the cat had knocked over.
2. For this twenty-five-mile race, runners must have the ability to hold up under stress.
3. Repeating or using new information can help you keep it in your memory.
4. Lamont, a skilled diver and swimmer, will now carry out a swan dive from the high board.
5. The period of existence of the Roman Empire was about five hundred years.
6. Brad hopes to reach the rank of Eagle Scout by the age of sixteen.
7. Compared with most oak trees, this example is not very healthy.
8. The soccer player caught the referees attention with his violation of the rulesdeliberately tripping
an opposing player.
1. If a president of the United States cannot serve for more than two consecutive terms of four years
each, may he serve for twelve years?
3. Could you understand an entire conversation if you heard only a fragment of it?
4. When you go to another state, do you retain your rights as a U.S. citizen?
Word List
affluent comprehensible fortuitous imperative
arbitrary deceptive haughty luscious
capable diligent
EXERCISE A Suffixes
Write two adjectives from the list for each suffix below; then, write the dictionary definition.
-y
1.
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2.
-ent
3.
4.
-able, -ible
5.
6.
-ous, -ious
7.
8.
continued
-ive
9.
10.
EXERCISE C Synonyms
Write the vocabulary word that is a synonym for each word below.
1. accidental ________________
2. delicious ________________
5. misleading ________________
6. industrious ________________
7. arrogant ________________
8. wealthy ________________
EXERCISE A
In each sentence, circle the examples that help you understand the meaning of the boldfaced term.
Then, write a possible definition of the word.
1. At the public hearing, several people gave testimony before the city council members. Ms. Mazoud
said the new store would create too much traffic, while Mr. Nelson said it would create additional jobs.
2. The chest was full of bangles, inexpensive bead necklaces, and other trinkets.
3. Bears are omnivorous: they eat plants, such as berries; insects, such as ants and grubs; and also meat.
4. Sam is a laconic person. When I asked if he were going to the concert, he answered just, Nope.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
EXERCISE B
Look up each boldfaced word in a dictionary and write its definition. Then, before each word, rate the
accuracy of your definition from Exercise A on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being most accurate.
______ 1. testimony
______ 2. trinket
______ 3. omnivorous
______ 4. laconic
Review: Unit 5
EXERCISE
Circle the word that best completes each sentence.
1. On one (fragment, specimen, agenda) of the torn-up note, Irene could read the words Love, Joel.
2. After the crushing defeat, the football team was in a (haughty, bleak, diligent) mood.
3. Miguel grew up in poverty, but today he has his own business and a(n) (affluent, independent,
luscious) lifestyle.
4. I havent seen the movie yet, so please dont (divert, disclose, execute) the ending.
5. It was a (fortuitous, comprehensible, deceptive) moment for us when we got tickets to the sold-
out concert.
7. In the distance, they spotted two (independent, indistinct, consecutive) figures coming up the hill.
8. Of my three goals for the summer, learning to swim is my (fragment, priority, backlog).
9. The parade was a (tempo, spectacle, chronicle), featuring over a hundred brightly decorated floats
and twelve of the best brass bands in the country.
10. Because of her (disheveled, imperative, arbitrary) appearance at the interview, she did not get the job.
13. Fourteen (consecutive, comprehensible, sullen) days of rain have created flooding problems.
14. In order to get the job, Jan had to show he was (capable, independent, haughty) of handling it.
15. It is (comprehensible, imperative, fortuitous) that I speak to the general immediately!
Test: Unit 5
PART A
Circle the vocabulary word that you would most likely use in writing about each boldfaced topic.
PART B
Circle the letter of the word that best completes the sentence.
1. The garden contains many beautiful tea roses, but this ______ is especially lovely.
a. sibling b. agenda c. fragment d. specimen
3. Sled dogs have amazing ______; they can pull a loaded sled for hours.
a. serenity b. duration c. endurance d. discord
4. Judy managed to ______ her sense of humor despite losing her bid for the job.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. Karen was sick for four ______ days, Saturday through Tuesday.
a. consecutive b. minimal c. imperative d. arbitrary
10. Locating clean water was their top ______ on the deserted island.
a. priority b. intrigue c. imperative d. testimony
Vocabulary Power Unit 5 Test 55
Name Date Class
continued
PART C
Circle the letter of the word that has the same meaning as the boldfaced expression.
1. reach a goal
a. intrigue b. attain c. retain d. chronicle
2. small
a. diligent b. minimal c. consecutive d. imperative
3. accidental
a. capable b. disheveled c. arbitrary d. fortuitous
4. beginner
a. specimen b. novice c. tempo d. imperative
5. a brother or sister
a. fragment b. agenda c. sibling d. priority
8. untidy
a. indistinct b. diligent c. disheveled d. deceptive
9. reveal
PART D
Circle the word that means most nearly the opposite of the boldfaced word.
Word List
crouch envision lurk surpass
diverse incompatible superb valiant
envelop jog
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably know. Think
of other words related to the synonym and write them on the line provided. Then, look up the
word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. surpass : excel
Dictionary definition
2. envelop : surround
Dictionary definition
3. jog : nudge
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. envision : imagine
Dictionary definition
5. diverse : different
Dictionary definition
6. crouch : cringe
Dictionary definition
7. incompatible : conflicting
Dictionary definition
8. superb : excellent
Dictionary definition
continued
9. valiant : brave
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
EXERCISE B Usage
Use the meaning of the boldfaced word to answer each question.
5. What are some jungle animals that lurk, waiting for their prey?
Word List
byte format multimedia save
delete microprocessor peripheral zoom
disk monitor
1. save
2. delete
3. format
4. disk
5. zoom
6. multimedia
7. microprocessor
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
8. monitor
9. peripheral
10. byte
5. This is the amount of memory needed to store a tiny piece of information. ________________
continued
7. In a group photograph, you would do this to view one persons face close up. ________________
8. To shorten a sentence, you would do this to several words in the sentence. ________________
9. If you write a letter on a computer and want to edit it later, you would do this to the letter.________________
EXERCISE C Usage
Answer each question using your understanding of the boldfaced word.
What change could you make in this format if you were redesigning the page?
3. Describe what a multimedia computer program called Animals of Africa might be like to use.
Word List
detached imperceptible meticulous prevalent
hospitable initial pliant temporary
humid juvenile
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably know. Think of
other words related to the synonym and write them on the line provided. Then, look up the
vocabulary word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. juvenile : childish
Dictionary definition
2. temporary : brief
Dictionary definition
3. meticulous : finicky
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Dictionary definition
4. detached : distant
Dictionary definition
5. hospitable : kind
Dictionary definition
6. imperceptible : invisible
Dictionary definition
7. pliant : flexible
Dictionary definition
continued
8. humid : muggy
Dictionary definition
9. initial : beginning
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
EXERCISE B Antonyms
Knowing the antonym, or word most opposite in meaning, of a word strengthens your
understanding of the words meaning. Write an antonym for each vocabulary word below.
1. We stayed with a(n) ________________ family in Guatemala, who welcomed us warmly and
2. The ________________ plastic fence was set up in November to help keep snow from blowing onto
the road.
3. During the movie, making noises, throwing popcorn, and other ________________ behavior
will not be tolerated!
4. After soaking in hot water for several hours, the thin strips of wood became
________________ and could be woven together.
5. Furniture experts could tell that one of the chairs was antique and the other one new, but to the
average person the differences were ________________.
Word List
biped millisecond semiannual unidirectional
bisect pentathlon semicircle unify
millennium quadruple
EXERCISE A Prefixes
Write the words from the list that share the same prefix. Then, look up the meaning of each word
in a dictionary and write its definition.
uni- (one)
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1.
2.
penta- (five)
3.
quadri- (four)
4.
milli- (thousand)
5.
6.
continued
semi- (half)
7.
8.
bi- (two)
9.
10.
EXERCISE B Usage
If the boldfaced word is used correctly in the sentence, write correct above it. If not, draw a line
through it and write the correct vocabulary word above it.
1. The solstice, a day with equal hours of night and day, is a unidirectional event, occurring in the
fall and in the spring.
2. The year 2000 has been celebrated as the start of a new millisecond.
3. If they bisect the size of their cattle herd, which now contains one hundred cattle, they will have a
herd of four hundred.
4. Marios strongest events in the millennium are the sprinting, hurdling, and long jumping, but he is
weaker at throwing the discus and the javelin.
5. This unidirectional microphone will pick up the speakers voice but not other sounds from around
EXERCISE
The word marshal appears in each sentence below. Write the part of speech (noun or verb) and
the number of the specific definition that fits the meaning of the word as it is used in the sentence.
1. Before we can make a decision, we need to marshal all the facts. ________________
2. The marshal of the Memorial Day parade waved to the crowd from
the back of a streamlined white convertible. ________________
8. Each teacher should marshal her students down the steps to the gym. ________________
Review: Unit 6
EXERCISE A
Circle the word that best completes each sentence.
1. The change in the position of the sculpture was (imperceptible, unidirectional, incompatible) to
most museum visitors.
2. The guidance counselor encouraged Lena to try to (envision, envelop, unify) a successful future
for herself.
3. To improve the overall performance of his computer, Ron is thinking of replacing the (millennium,
multimedia, microprocessor) with a better one.
4. The community center holds (prevalent, semiannual, quadruple) potluck suppers in January and
June for everyone in the neighborhood.
5. Dont (zoom, lurk, jog) behind that curtain; come out and show yourself!
6. Harvey keeps (diverse, meticulous, temporary) records of every penny he saves or spends.
7. To get through the low passage in the cave, we had to (crouch, unify, delete) as we walked.
8. The information was easy to read because it was presented in the (monitor, byte, format) of a list.
9. The ambassador attempted to (delete, unify, surpass) the two sides at the bargaining table.
EXERCISE B
Circle the vocabulary word that you would be most likely to use in writing about each
boldfaced topic.
Test: Unit 6
PART A
Circle the answer that best completes each sentence.
9. If you rated a meal as superb, you thought the meal was ______.
a. average b. terrible c. excellent d. unfilling
10. An example of something that might fill a byte of computer memory is ______.
a. a letter of the alphabet c. an encyclopedia
b. a chapter of a book d. a long list of companies
continued
PART B
Choose the letter of the word that has nearly the same meaning as the word or phrase.
2. go beyond
a. surpass b. unify c. quadruple d. zoom
6. unconnected
a. prevalent b. detached c. semiannual d. humid
9. remove or erase
Word List
abide conspicuous ponder universal
ban humane token virtue
catastrophe merge
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced vocabulary word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably
know. Think of other related words and write them on the line provided. Then, look up the
vocabulary word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. humane : merciful
Dictionary definition
2. abide : await
Dictionary definition
3. universal : general
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. merge : combine
Dictionary definition
5. ban : forbid
Dictionary definition
6. conspicuous : noticeable
Dictionary definition
7. ponder : consider
Dictionary definition
8. token : symbol
Dictionary definition
continued
9. catastrophe : disaster
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
EXERCISE B Usage
If the boldfaced word is used correctly in the sentence, write correct above it. If not, draw a line
through it and write the correct word above it.
1. Toys Unlimited and Toyco, Inc., plan to abide into one company.
3. Please accept these flowers as a virtue of my thanks for all your work.
6. Jason was humane in the team photo because he alone was out of uniform.
3. Is the Humane Society a good name for a group that accepts lost or mistreated animals?
Word List
customize facilitate indicate mediate
electrify fortify integrate socialize
fabricate glorify
3. My Fair Lady tells the tale of a professor who decides to socialize a poor working woman.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. Gerry decided to customize his new car with a unique paint job.
continued
8. The elaborate dresses and stunning bouquets seemed to glorify the banquet hall.
9. The coach knew that a touchdown was needed to electrify the crowd.
10. An attentive puppy will facilitate her recovery from her illness.
EXERCISE B Usage
If the boldfaced word is used correctly in the sentence, write correct above it. If not, draw a line
through it and write the correct vocabulary word above it.
1. Rochelle is part of a team of volunteers who help integrate serious disagreements between other
students.
2. In this part of the car factory, the workers fabricate hoods, corner panels, and bumpers.
3. These dials on the control panel of the airplane mediate altitude, air pressure, and speed.
4. After we conduct the survey, we will indicate the results with the information we already have.
4. praise someone as one of the greatest people who ever lived ________________
Word List
cross-reference overhang self-conscious underscore
cross section overhaul single-minded undertake
high-minded self-assured
1. If you did this to an old motor scooter, it could run like new. ________________
2. You could do this with a new sport. ________________
3. You can see the rings of a tree in this. ________________
4. If you believed in volunteering your time, you might be called this. ________________
5. Part of a tall building to which Christmas lights and banners are attached. ________________
6. A person who neglects everything else for one goal is this. ________________
continued
9. You might feel this way if someone made fun of your hairstyle. ________________
10. Someone who is at ease with many kinds of people is this. ________________
EXERCISE C Usage
Answer each question using your understanding of the vocabulary word.
EXERCISE
In each sentence, circle the word that signals a comparison or contrast. Then, write the meaning of
the boldfaced word based on the context clues.
1. Cassie drew a valid conclusion from the evidence, but Raymonds conclusion was incorrect.
2. The hundred-year-old oak tree in front of the school is still vigorous; the younger maples are
also flourishing.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. Conchitas response to the first question was vague; however, she answered the second question
very clearly.
4. Like the downtown areas in many small towns that have vacant shops, our downtown also has
several empty stores on Main Street.
5. In contrast to the vast lawns found in Richwood, the yards in this neighborhood are tiny.
6. Emperor Ming of the planet Mondo is a vindictive character, and his son, the prince, is equally vengeful.
Review: Unit 7
EXERCISE A
Circle the letter of the word that could describe each example.
5. entry in a books index telling you where to find more information on a topic
a. underscore b. ban c. token d. cross-reference
8. thin slice from the middle of an object that allows you to see its internal parts under a microscope
EXERCISE B
Circle the word in parentheses that best completes each sentence.
1. Marcus always has a positive attitude; I wish I were as (self-assured, self-conscious, humane) as he is.
2. The grand finale of the fireworks display never fails to (fortify, underscore, electrify) the crowd.
3. Hank used pieces of plywood he found in a dumpster to (integrate, fabricate, overhaul) a
playhouse for his little brother.
4. Do you believe that smiles always (ponder, indicate, ban) happiness?
5. Does the park (ban, merge, customize) dune buggies on this beach?
6. Many people take time to (mediate, socialize, overhang) on weekends.
7. Anita decided to (overhaul, integrate, undertake) the monumental task of entertaining the six-year-olds.
Test: Unit 7
PART A
Circle the letter of the correct definition for each boldfaced word.
1. single-minded
a. having one brain c. have one driving goal
b. having great confidence d. having high ideals
2. merge
a. melt b. mumble c. combine d. complain
3. ponder
a. think about carefully c. settle differences
b. show kindness d. walk without purpose
4. underscore
a. estimate b. repair c. attempt d. emphasize
5. integrate
a. repeat a message c. unite with something else
b. serve as a sign of something else d. make easy or easier
6. customize
a. make into a customer c. adopt a new custom
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. facilitate
a. make easier c. make up
b. see through d. breathe into
8. undertake
a. speed past c. decide to attempt
b. prepare for death d. travel beneath
9. overhang
a. make too large c. protrude over the edge
b. sit behind d. pester someone constantly
10. abide
a. develop affection for c. prohibit by official order
b. weigh in the mind d. wait patiently for
continued
PART B
Circle the letter of the expression that best completes each sentence.
Word List
aloof plummet sinister tainted
apparition prophecy stimulate unsettling
offend sequel
EXERCISE A Synonyms
Each boldfaced vocabulary word below is paired with a synonym whose meaning you probably
know. Think of other words related to the synonym and write them on the line provided. Then,
look up the word in a dictionary and write its meaning.
1. sinister : evil
Dictionary definition
2. aloof : reserved
Dictionary definition
3. unsettling : disturbing
Dictionary definition
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. apparition : ghost
Dictionary definition
5. plummet : fall
Dictionary definition
6. stimulate : excite
Dictionary definition
7. prophecy : prediction
Dictionary definition
8. offend : insult
Dictionary definition
continued
9. tainted : poisoned
Dictionary definition
Dictionary definition
3. Because someone had tampered with the crime scene, the evidence was regarded as (tainted,
aloof, unsettling).
4. The giant oak looked like a ghostly (sequel, apparition, prophecy) in the fog.
5. Saying to yourself, This could be a bad day, can be a self-fulfilling (apparition, sequel, prophecy)
Lesson 34 Homophones
Homophones (from the Greek words meaning same and sound) have the same pronunciation but
different spellings and meanings. There, their, and theyre are homophones. Although pronounced the
same, each word has a different meaning and spelling. In this lesson, youll learn some often-confused
homophones.
Word List
cite sight stationery vane
complement site vain vein
compliment stationary
EXERCISE A Definitions
Look up each word in the dictionary and write its definition on the line.
1. cite
2. sight
3. site
4. vain
5. vane
6. vein
7. complement
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
8. compliment
9. stationary
10. stationery
1. While out on the ocean in the boat, we were able to ________________ several pods of
whales and a shark or two.
2. In this day of e-mail and faxes, having some nice ________________ is a real luxury.
3. Josies baseball card collection is a perfect ________________ to mine because weve collected
different ones.
continued
4. We could tell Mr. Rose was angry because the ________________ on the side of his neck was
bulging out.
5. The pirate captain pointed with his cutlass to the secret ________________ of the buried
treasure chest.
6. My mom reads a magazine on a book rack attached to her ________________ bicycle when she
exercises.
7. Andrea is so ________________ that she cant pass a mirror without checking her appearance.
8. The lawyer decided to ________________ an earlier law case, in which a criminal was freed
because the police search had been conducted illegally.
9. Probably the best way to respond to a ________________ is to smile and say thank you, or
even make a kind remark of your own in return.
10. The rusty weather ________________ on the top of the barn was shaped like a rooster and
badly needed oiling.
EXERCISE C Usage
Read each sentence. If the boldfaced word is used correctly, write correct on the line. If not, cross
it out and write the correct word above it.
1. The television reporters visited the cite of the plane crash and spoke with the survivors.
3. The weather vain on top of the cow barn was pointing north, a sign of cold weather to come.
4. I feel that the flavor of ginger snaps is a perfect complement to lemon sherbet.
Word List
debacle junta portfolio solon
entrepreneur kosher rapport veneer
ersatz non sequitur
EXERCISE A Etymology
Look up each borrowed word in a dictionary. Write its meaning in English. Then, fill in the
information about its history and original meaning.
1. debacle
From Original Meaning
2. solon
From Original Meaning
3. entrepreneur
From Original Meaning
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. ersatz
From Original Meaning
5. rapport
From Original Meaning
6. kosher
From Original Meaning
7. junta
From Original Meaning
8. veneer
From Original Meaning
9. non sequitur
From Original Meaning
continued
10. portfolio
From Original Meaning
1. The reporter claimed that there were things going on at city hall that were just not
________________, and she vowed to unmask the wrongdoers.
2. To claim that all football players are good students because they wear protective helmets on the
field is a ridiculous ________________.
3. The army was surprised by the attack from the side and suffered a total ________________
that led to surrender two months later.
4. The leader of the ________________ proclaimed that he would restore order to the streets by
jailing thousands of demonstrators and ordering a strict curfew.
EXERCISE
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the analogy. Then, write the type of analogy that
is being expressed.
Type of Analogy
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Type of Analogy
Type of Analogy
Type of Analogy
Review: Unit 8
EXERCISE
Circle the letter of the word that best completes the sentence.
1. The woman carefully removed the important papers from her expensive leather _______.
a. apparition b. vane c. stationery d. portfolio
2. After his last _______ attempt to climb the rock wall, Russell kicked at a stump in frustration.
a. vain b. vein c. aloof d. sinister
3. Terry angrily refused to join the group around the fire, remaining alone and _______.
a. aloof b. sinister c. stationary d. tainted
4. Which authorities did you _______ to support the argument you made in your essay?
a. sight b. site c. cite d. complement
5. I marveled at the accuracy of the ancient books _______ about our century.
a. compliment b. stationery c. prophecy d. non sequitur
6. The seniors homecoming display could be moved around easily, but the juniors display was
_______.
a. unsettling b. sinister c. tainted d. stationary
7. Underneath where the dark walnut _______ of the table was cracked, you could see a lighter
wood of some kind.
9. Marcie rubbed her eyes in disbelief, but the _______ had vanished.
a. prophecy b. apparition c. stationery d. sequel
10. Have you ever developed a good _______ with someone youve met in an online chat room?
a. entrepreneur b. solon c. non sequitur d. rapport
Test: Unit 8
PART A
Circle the letter of the word that best completes the sentence.
2. The debate judge cautioned the contestants about making negative remarks that might _______
someone in the audience.
a. offend b. plummet c. compliment d. complement
3. The punch line of that joke isnt funny, doesnt make sense, and seems like a(n) _______.
a. compliment b. apparition c. non sequitur d. debacle
5. Samanthas career goal is to become a(n) _______ in the field of telecommunications and run
her own business.
a. entrepreneur b. apparition c. solon d. junta
6. Sometimes I put my school papers in a backpack, sometimes in my notebook, and other times in my
_______.
a. rapport b. stationery c. apparition d. portfolio
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. When arranging flowers, you should choose a vase or holder that will be a good ______ to the
flowers you have selected.
a. veneer b. complement c. sequel d. compliment
8. Our new puppy has had an extremely _______ effect on Dolly, our fourteen-year-old golden
retriever.
a. sinister b. tainted c. ersatz d. unsettling
9. Tim got an after-school job in a _______ store, partly because of his interest in old fountain pens.
a. stationery b. kosher c. sinister d. stationary
10. The man in the dark cloak standing in the shadows looks _______.
a. stationery b. sinister c. stationary d. kosher
11. At the antique show, Mom and Dad bought an old weather _______ shaped like a pig.
a. vain b. vein c. vane d. veneer
continued
13. Whenever unemployment and inflation rise, the stock market is sure to _______.
a. offend b. plummet c. sight d. complement
14. Surgeons must be very careful during heart surgery not to damage a _______ or artery.
a. vane b. vain c. prophecy d. vein
15. Do you know about the ancient _______ of a flood that will destroy the world in 2008?
a. compliment b. prophecy c. debacle d. sequel
PART B
Circle the letter of the word that belongs with the others.