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    Edge Triggered Flip Flop

    Uploaded by

    miftah
    Here is the input equation for flip-flop B filled in: D A'B'X + AB'X' + ABX

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Edge Triggered Flip Flop

    Uploaded by

    miftah
    120 views21 pages
    Here is the input equation for flip-flop B filled in: D A'B'X + AB'X' + ABX

    Original Description:

    flipflop

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Here is the input equation for flip-flop B filled in: D A'B'X + AB'X' + ABX

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    120 views21 pages

    Edge Triggered Flip Flop

    Uploaded by

    miftah
    Here is the input equation for flip-flop B filled in: D A'B'X + AB'X' + ABX

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Edge-triggered Flip-Flop,

    State Table, State Diagram


    Edge-triggered Flip-Flop
    Contrast to Pulse-triggered SR Flip-Flop
    Pulse-triggered: Read input while clock is 1, change output when the clock goes
    to 0. What happens during the entire HIGH part of clock can affect eventual
    output.
    Edge-triggered: Read input only on edge of clock cycle (positive or
    negative)
    Example below: Positive Edge-Triggered D Flip-Flop
    On the positive edge (while the clock is going from 0 to 1), the input D is read, and
    almost immediately propagated to the output Q. Only the value of D at the positive
    edge matters.

    D Q
    D S

    C
    C Q
    Clock R
    Symbol
    Symbol of edge-triggered D flip-flop

    D D

    C C

    Positive-edge triggered Negative-edge triggered


    Flip-Flop Timing
    Set-up time: ts
    Input needs to be stable before trigger
    Hold time: th
    Input needs to be stable after trigger
    Propagation delay: tp
    Some delay from trigger to output change
    Example: Negative edge triggered flip-flip

    Clock

    ts th

    tp
    Sequential Circuit Description
    Input Equations
    State Table
    State Diagram
    Well use the following example
    Sequential Circuit Description
    X A
    D

    C A

    D B

    C B

    Clock

    Y
    Sequential Circuit Description
    Next state Present state

    X A
    D

    input C A

    D B

    C B

    Clock
    Y output
    At the clock trigger, the next state
    will be read and transferred to the
    present state
    Input Equations

    Anext = ApresentX + BpresentX


    Next state in terms of
    input and present state
    Bnext = ApresentX
    Output in terms of input
    Y = (Apresent + Bpresent)X and present state
    State Table

    Present State Input Next State Output

    A B X A B Y

    0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 1 0 1 0
    0 1 0 0 0 1
    0 1 1 1 1 0
    1 0 0 0 0 1
    1 0 1 1 0 0
    1 1 0 0 0 1
    1 1 1 1 0 0
    State Diagram
    1/0
    0/0

    00 01

    0/1
    0/1 1/0
    0/1

    10 11
    1/0

    1/0
    Mealy and Moore Models

    Preceding Example: Output depends on present state and input.


    This is called the Mealy Model
    Another kind of circuit: Output only depends on present state. This
    is called the Moore Model
    Example of Moore Model
    X
    A
    Y D Z

    C Anext = Apresent + XY

    Z = Apresent
    Clock

    X Y Apresent Anext

    0 0 0 0 11
    00,01,10
    0 0 1 1
    0 1 0 0
    0 1 1 1
    1 0 0 0
    0/0 1/1
    1 0 1 1
    1 1 0 1
    1 1 1 1 00,01,10,11
    Moore Model

    Some
    Inputs Some Combinational
    Combinational Circuit
    Circuit Outputs

    Flip-flops
    Mealy Model

    Some
    Inputs Some Combinational
    Combinational Circuit
    Circuit Outputs

    Flip-flops
    Mealy and Moore Model
    State Diagrams
    1/0
    0/0

    00 01
    Moore input
    0/1
    0/1 1/0
    input 0/1
    output
    11 10 11
    00,01,10 1/0

    1/0
    0/0 1/1 state

    state output 00,01,10,11


    How to Design a Sequential Circuit
    1. Specification
    2. Formulation: Draw a state diagram
    3. Assign state number for each state
    4. Draw state table
    5. Derive input equations
    5. One D flip-flop for each state bit
    Example
    Design a sequential circuit to recognize the input sequence 1101.
    That is, output 1 if the sequence 1101 has been read, output 0
    otherwise.

    0/0 1/0

    1/0 1/0 0/0


    A B C D

    0/0 1/1

    0/0
    Assign States
    4 states, so we need 2 bits

    0/0 1/0

    1/0 1/0 0/0


    00 01 10 11

    0/0 1/1

    0/0
    State Table

    Present State Input Next State Output

    A B X A B Y

    0 0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 1 0 1 0
    0 1 0 0 0 0
    0 1 1 1 0 0
    1 0 0 1 1 0
    1 0 1 1 0 0
    1 1 0 0 0 0
    1 1 1 0 1 1
    Input Equations

    Anext = ABX + AB

    Bnext = ABX + ABX + ABX

    Y = ABX
    Circuit Diagram
    X A
    D

    C A

    Exercise: D B
    Fill in the input to
    Flip-Flop B
    C B
    Clock

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