j 80

j 100
Problem Set 1
1. A 120 MVA, 19.5 kV generator has X s = 0.15 per unit and is connected to
a transmission line by a transformer rated 150 MVA, 230 Y/18 kV with X
= 0.1 per unit. If the base to be used in the calculation is 100 MVA, 230
kV for the transmission line, find the per unit values to be used for the
transformer and the generator reactances.
2. A transformers three-phase rating is 5000 kVA, 115/13.2 kV, and its
impedance is 0.007 + j0.075 per unit. The transformer is connected to a
short transmission line whose impedance is 0.02 + j0.1 per unit on a
base of 10 MVA, 13.2 kV. The line supplies a three-phase load rated
3200 kW, 13.2 kV with a lagging power factor of 0.8. Draw the per unit
impedance diagram taking the base as 10 MVA, 13.2 kV at the load. If the
high tension voltage is maintained at 115 kV, find the per unit and the
actual load voltage.
3. The one-line diagram of an unloaded power system is shown in Fig. 1.

Reactances of the two sections of Fig. 1

transmission line are shown in the
diagram. The generators and transformers are rated as follows:

Generator 1: 20 MVA, 13.8 kV, X = 0.2 per unit

Generator 2: 30 MVA, 18 kV, X = 0.2 per unit

Generator 3: 30 MVA, 20 kV, X = 0.2 per unit

Transformer T1: 25 MVA, 220Y/13.8 kV, X = 10%

Transformer T2: Single-phase units each rated 10 MVA, 127/18 kV,

X = 10%

Transformer T3: 35 MVA, 220Y/22Y kV, X = 10%

1
 Draw the reactance diagram with all reactances marked in per unit and
with letters to indicate points corresponding to the one-line diagram.
Choose a base of 50 MVA, 13.8kV in the circuit of generator 1.

4. Draw the impedance diagram of the power system shown in Fig. 2.

j 40

1 2
j 20 j 20

A B

3
Fig. 2

Mark impedances in per unit. Neglect resistance and use a base of

50 MVA, 138 kV in the 40- line. The ratings of the generator, motors and
transformers are:

Generator 1: 20 MVA,18 kV, X = 20%

Generator 2: 20 MVA,18 kV, X = 20%

Synchronous motor 3: 30 MVA, 13.8 kV, X = 20%

Three-phase Y-Y transformers: 20 MVA, 138Y/20Y kV, X = 10%

Three-phase Y- transformers: 15 MVA, 138Y/13.8 kV, X = 10%

5. The p.u. impedance diagram of a power system is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3
Compute its bus admittance matrix.

2
6. For the network with the following data determine the bus admittance
matrix.

Element No. Between buses p.u.impedance

1 0 1 j 0.3

2 2 3 j 0.5

3 4 1 j 0.44

4 0 3 j 0.3

5 2 1 j 0.6

6 1 3 j 0.4

7. For the network shown in Fig. 4, neglect the mutual coupling and compute
Ybus matrix using the bus incidence matrix and the primitive admittance matrix.
Take the orientation of elements as from 1 to 2; from 3 to 1; from 3 to 2; from 4
to 2; from 3 to 4; from 0 to 1 and from 0 to 4.

1 2
j 0.4

j 0.5
j 0.2
j 0.15 j 0.25
4

j 0.625

j 1.0 j 1.25

Values marked are impedances in p.u.

Fig. 4

8. For the network shown in Fig. 4, neglect the mutual coupling and compute
Ybus matrix by adding one element at a time.

3
9. For the network shown in Fig. 4, neglect the mutual coupling and compute
Ybus matrix using the rules for Yii and Yij elements.

10. For the network shown in Fig. 4, include the mutual coupling and compute
Ybus matrix using the bus incidence matrix and the primitive admittance matrix.
Take the orientation of elements as from 1 to 2; from 3 to 1; from 3 to 2; from 4
to 2; from 3 to 4; from 0 to 1 and from 0 to 5.

11. Consider the network shown in Fig. 4. Find the bus admittance matrix
corresponding to the coupled group; compute the bus admittance matrix of
the network excluding the coupled group and hence find the Y bus matrix of the
full network.

12. Consider the line data furnished below.

i) Determine the bus admittance corresponding to the off-nominal tap setting

transformer.

ii) Obtain the bus admittance matrix of the transmission system.

Line data

Off
Line Between
Line Impedance HLCA nominal
No. buses
turns ratio

1 43 j 0.125 0 0.95

2 16 j 0.5 j 0.015 ---

3 23 j 1.2 0 ---

4 25 j 0.75 0 ---

5 14 j 0.32 j 0.01 ---

6 46 j 0.4 j 0.075 ---

7 65 j 0.25 0 ---

Shunt capacitor data

Bus No. 4 Admittance j 0.05

ANSWERS

4
1. 0.06667 p.u.; 0.1467 p.u.

2. 0.9317 p.u.; 12.2984 kV

0.014 + j0.15 0.02 + j0.1

Vload 2 + j1.5
1.0 00 p.u.

3. j0.2 j0.0826
A B C j0.1033 j0.1667

E F

j0.5
j0.1429 j0.1333

D
~
j0.2755 ~

4. j0.25
A j0.105

j0.25 j0.0525 j0.05

j0.3333 j0.33
j0.405
C

~ j0.3333

1 2 3

5
 j 26.6667 j 10 j 10
2 j 10 j 33.3333 j 10

j 10 j 10 j 20
5. Ybus =

1 2 3 4
j 9.7727 j 1.6667 j 2.5 j 2.2727
12 j 1.6667 j 3.6667 j2 0

3 j 2.5 j2 j 7.8333 0

4 j 2.2727 0 0 j 2.2727
6. Ybus =

1 2 3 4
1 j 5.5 j 2.5 j2 0
j 11.5 j 5
2 j 2.5 j4
3 j2 j4 j 7.6 j 1.6

4 0 j5 j 1.6 j 7.4
7 to 9: Ybus =

1 2 3 4
1 j 5.9390 j 3.9634 j 0.9756 0
j 12.3780 j 3.4146 j 5
2 j 3.9634
3 j 0.9756 j 3.4146 j 5.9902 j 1.6
4 0 j5 j 1.6 j 7.4

10 and 11 Ybus =

12.
3 4
3 j8 j 8.4211
j 8.4211 j 8.8643
4
Ybus =

1 2 3 4 5 6

6
 1 j 5.1 0 0 j 3.125 0 j2
0 j 2.1667 j 0.8333 0 j 1.3333 0
2
3 0 j 0.8333 j 8.8333 j 8.4211 0 0

4 j 3.125 0 j 8.4211 j 14.3543 0 j 2.5
5 0 j 1.3333 0 0 j 5.3333 j4

6 j 2 0 0 j 2.5 j4 j 8.41
Ybus =