Brkopt 2116
Brkopt 2116
Brkopt 2116
10G
25G 50G
200G 40G 100G ITU
50G 150G 50GHz
Terabits 100G 200G Grid
200G
400G
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Setting the stage......
ITU-T define OTN Transport Network
carrying Ethernet Traffic
Mux/Demux
ROADM
Within a building/campus (< 10km) Across country (a few hundred to 1000s km)
Grey optics Multiple channels / Fiber (DWDM)
Mainly Ethernet (some POS, OTN) OTN
Solve for Cost, Power, Density Solve for Spectral efficiency and Performance
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Agenda
Introduction
Industry Trends
Standards
Client Side Optics
Impact of High Speed Optics on the DC Fabric
Line Side Optics
Beyond 100G
Conclusion
Exponential Data Growth People-to-People
Video, Mobile & Cloud is Driving Traffic Growth
Content & traffic patterns are becoming more dynamic and People-to-Machine
distributed
The Internet of Everything will accelerate traffic beyond
recognition:
Radically increase volume
Dramatically change traffic patterns Machine-to-Machine
Challenge traffic engineering and management
Demand new service definitions (SLAs)
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Growth in the Cloud
By 2019, 83% of global data center traffic come from cloud
services and applications
18% of traffic between datacenters & end users
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Ethernet & OTN Evolution
Ethernet has undergone continual innovation since standardization
Transport systems evolving to 400G
FE GE 10GE 40/100GE
Standard Demand and Innovation
Ethernet continue
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Data Center Fabric Trends
High bandwidth Fabric Early Integration of 100G north-south
Redundancy Model focused DC edge
Physical Infrastructure
40 -100G Links
Higher Scale Compute 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Network fiber migration with increase in data rates
Multimode Fiber Single Mode Fiber
1G
1km 10km
10G
400m 10km
40G
150m 2km 10km
100G
100m 500m 2km 10km
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Router Market trends
Metro Edge/Aggregation
Service
Provider
Cell-site Devices Edge
Hyper scale Cloud server 10G 40G 10/40G 25/50G* 25/50G* 50/100G
access
Other Cloud server 1G 10G 10G 25G 25G 50G
access
Enterprise server access 1G 10G 1G 10G 10G 25G
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Other Industry Trends Pluggable transceivers
Cost, reach, size, power optimization continues
QSFP28 form factor becoming de-facto for high
density 100G
SFP28 emerging as 25G form factor same port
density as 10G SFP+
QSFP-DD emerging as the 400G form factor
CFP2 Pluggables for DWDM interfaces
Advances in high order modulation techniques
electrical and optical.
Copper vs Optical cost reach size power trade-offs
OTN choice for optical transport
Market need for flexible interfaces on client devices
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Other Industry Trends - Onboard optics
On-board optics permit greater switch radix with lower power consumption, which is really important
as we continue to increase speed and bandwidth, - COBO
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Optical Engine
COBO - Path to on-board optics Re-timing
Switch Optical Engine in a Pluggable module
integrity efficiencies to the line card 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Silicon Photonics
Potential for transceiver on a chip
Optical devices can be made
cheaply using standard
semiconductor CMOS
fabrication techniques
Optics can be integrated with
microelectronic chips.
Silicon integrated optical chips
that can generate, modulate,
process and detect light signals
Silicon Photonics is the most promising optical technology for:
Solving for Cost, Power, Density for DC & Client optics
Solve for Spectral efficiency and Performance for DCI & Long Haul optics
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Optical Technology Trends
DC & Client optics
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Optical technology
Is the key enabler for systems to maintain pace with the
requirements of the bandwidth pressures
Challenge Goal
Innovation
Standardization
Open Ecosystems
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Single Lane .. Less Complexity (and Lower Cost)
TX 4 x 10G TX/RX Toolkit:
2 x 20G
Duplex Duplex
Duplex Duplex
(Cisco BiDi)
Multimode Multimode
Fiber Fiber Multimode Multimode Speed-up,
Fiber Fiber
4 x 10G 2 x 20G WDM,
RX Modulation
TX/RX
TX 4 x 10G TX
1 x 25G Toolkit:
Server TOR
Server TOR Speed-up,
WDM,
4 x 10G 1 x 25G Modulation
RX RX
4 x 10G TX 1 x 50G w/ Toolkit:
modulation Speed-up,
Server TOR Server TOR
WDM,
Modulation
4 x 10G
RX 1 x 50G w/
modulation
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Single Lane .. Less Complexity (and Lower Cost)
The 100G Switch Link Example
TX
TX/RX
4 x 10G
4 x 25G
TOR Switch
TOR Switch
4 x 10G 4 x 25G
RX
TX/RX
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Higher Order Modulation
Same Data and Data Rate; but lower frequency (baud rate).
PAM-2 1 (1 level)
0110 100011
1-bit Symbols
1 Level
0 (0 level)
0 Level
1 1 (3 level)
0110 100011
PAM-4 1 0 (2 level) 3 Level
2-bit Symbols
2 Level
0 1 (1 level)
But 4 levels 1 Level
0 0 (0 level)
0 Level
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Optical connectivity increasingly important
for DC Performance, Scale, and Cost!
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Standards
Industry Standards Groups
IEEE Control Plane
Physical interfaces for Backplane, Copper,
Fiber PMDs
IEEE ITU IEEE
ITU Study Group 15: Optical and Transport OIF OIF
Networks
OTU4 frame format
Client Interfaces Hardware
Single mapping for 40GE/100GE into Layer 2/1 Vendors
OTU3/OTU4 (e.g.) interoperability Transport Component
OTL protocol enabling OTU3/4 over multi- Networks Interoperability,
lane optics Layer 1/0 Commonality
interoperability
OIF: 100G Long-distance DWDM
Transmission
100G standardization coordinated among ITU,
Industry consolidation around a single
IEEE, and OIF
100G DWDM solution
Proactively eliminate interop issues encountered
with 40G
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Ethernet Speed Trends
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
Why 50Gb/s & 200Gb/s Ethernet?
Enables similar topology as 10 & 40 Parallel Implementation
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
New Standards leverage previous industry
investment
Technology Nomenclature Description Status
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
100G Transceiver Form Factors
CFP CPAK CFP2 CFP4 QSFP28
82 35 42 22 18
52
86
101
140
107
4x25G
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Transceiver form factors serial speeds
SFP+ 10G
Same port density as 10G for 25G & 50G (future)
ASIC TX
(10G SERDES) 10GbE 25GbE 50GbE
RX
NRZ
Form Factor SFP+ SFP28 SFP56
SFP28 25G (~2016) Modulation NRZ NRZ PAM4
Optical MUX
CDR TX
TX Industry Need:
CDR TX
TX ASIC
ASIC
TX CDR TX A pluggable transceiver form factor for
10G 25G 400G that provides similar port density that
SERDES SERDES
Optical DEMUX
Optical DEMUX
RX
NRZ NRZ CDR RX
RX 100G: QSFP-DD form factor emerging
RX CDR RX
RX CDR RX
aka QSFP28
Laser Driver
Rx-TIA
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Parallel Data Streams Multi Layer Distribution (MLD)
MAC/ PM PM MAC/
PCS D D PCS
(4x25Gb/s)
Multi-lane Distribution (in the PCS layer) provides a simple way to map
40G/100G to physical interfaces of different lane widths with Virtual lanes
Data from any particular virtual lane will reside on the same electrical and
optical lane across the link No skew introduced between bits within the virtual
lane
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
IEEE Standard vs MSA Form-factor
IEEE defines physical network interfaces
10GBASE-SR, 40GBASE-LR4, 100GBASE-LR4 etc
MSA define transceiver form factors
QSFP, QSFP28, SFP+, X2 etc
defined by a group of transceiver vendors based on
technology availability and roadmap
PMDs of the same speed/ reach/ protocol must interoperate,
irrespective of the form factor
MSAs are also creating new application-specific Physical
Network Interface
100G-CWDM4 & 100G-PSM4
40km
ER 40km 100G-ER4
SMF LX LR 10km 40G-LR4 100G-LR4 10km 400G-FR8 10km
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
Industry Response in Datacenter Non-Standard
Solutions for 100m and 2km DC sweet spot
1G 10G 40G 100G 25G
25G-LRL
SMF 40G-LRL4/Lite 1-2km
100G-CWDM4
40G-PLR4 1km
And more non-
100G-PSM4 standard
40G-CSR4 300m interfaces to
MMF 40G-XSR4 300m come....
FET10 100m
SRL 100m Cisco BiDi 100m Cisco BiDi Future
AOC Cables AOC <30m AOC <30m AOC <30m AOC <30m
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
DC & Client Side Optics
40GE Transceivers and
Cables
Cisco 40G Portfolio For your
reference
Wide Range of optics & cables for High Density 40G Applications
Multimode fiber, duplex
40GBASE-SR4
Multimode fiber Ribbon
FET-40G Single mode fiber, duplex
Single mode fiber Ribbon
40GBASE-CSR4
40GBASE-LR4
4x10G BASE-LR
40GBASE-ER4
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44
QSFP40G Pluggable Transceivers Single mode fiber
TX TX
Optical MUX
TX TX
Optical MUX
Optical MUX
TX TX TX TX
TX TX TX TX
ASIC ASIC ASIC ASIC
TX TX TX TX
10G 10G 10G 10G
SERDES SERDES SERDES SERDES
Optical DEMUX
Optical DEMUX
Optical DEMUX
RX RX RX RX
NRZ NRZ NRZ NRZ
RX RX RX RX
RX RX RX RX
RX RX RX RX
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
QSFP40G Pluggable Transceivers Multimode fiber
TX TX
TX TX
TX
TX TX
ASIC ASIC ASIC ASIC
TX TX
10G 10G 10G 10G
SERDES SERDES SERDES SERDES
RX RX
NRZ NRZ NRZ NRZ
RX RX
RX RX RX RX
RX RX
150m OM4 reach Monitor BiDi 150m OM4 reach 400m OM4 reach
Multimode fiber Multimode fiber Multimode fiber Multimode fiber
2-fiber LC connector LC connector 12-fiber MPO connector 12-fiber MPO connector
For external link monitoring
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
40G QSFP Cables and Adapters
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47
Why AOC cables? QSFP 40G CABLE
DIAMETER
3mm 10mm
AOC Twinax
copper
cable
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48
QSFP40G as high density 10G
MPO-LC break-out cable
SR
SFP+
QSFP+
SR
SFP+ Interoperable with
40G-SR4/CSR4 SR 10G SR
QSFP40G 40G-SR SFP+
SR
SFP+
LC-Duplex
LR
SFP+
LC-Duplex
Switches with QSFP40G ports can used in the high-density 10G mode
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49
100G Transceivers and
Cables
Multiple Mode Fiber, Parallel
Single Mode Fiber, Dual
Single Mode Fiber, Parallel
IEEE compliant 100G-CR4
<5m Copper Cables
4x SFP28 Breakout
IEEE compliant (25G)
<5m Copper
100G AOC
IEEE compatible(100G)<30m Active Optical
Optical MUX
Optical MUX
CDR TX CDR TX CDR TX
Optical DEMUX
CDR RX
Optical DEMUX
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
QSFP28 Pluggable transceivers Multimode fiber
CDR TX
CDR TX
TX
CDR TX
ASIC ASIC
CDR TX
25G 25G
SERDES SERDES
CDR RX
CDR RX
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
100G QSFP Cables
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54
IEEE compliant 100G-SR10 Multiple Mode Fiber, Parallel
100m MMF Single Mode Fiber, Dual
10x10G LR
IEEE compliant (10G) 10km on SMF Single Mode Fiber, Parallel
10x10G ERL
IEEE compatible (10G) 25km on SMF
TX TX TX
ASIC ASIC ASIC
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Anyport 100 Gb CPAK Line Card Solution For your
reference
10G Ports
Router/
Switch
40G Ports
SR10 10X10G-LR
Router/
Switch
MPO-24 to 2x MPO-12
SMF or MMF
Extend the investment of a single line card to manage migration from 10G and 40G to 100G
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 59
High Density Connectivity
4x10G 10x10G 4x25G
Highest Density 10G Links with High Density 10G Links with CPAK Highest Density 25G links with
QSFP 40G portfolio 100G portfolio QSFP 100G portfolio
Enables 128 10G links per slot Enables 100 10G links per slot Enables 144 25G links per slot
4x10G breakout Cable 1-10m
10x10G SR CPAK 150m OM4 MMF 4x25G breakout cable 1-5m
4x10G breakout AOC 1-15m
10x10G LR CPAK 10km SMF 4x25G SR QSFP-100G 100m OM4 MMF
4x10G SR QSFP+ 400m OM4 MMF
10x10G ERL CPAK 25km SMF 4x25G PSM4 QSFP-100G 500m SMF
4x10G LR lite QSFP+ 2km SMF
4x10G LR QSFP+ 10km SMF
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
CFP2 to CPAK Adapter
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 61
Impact of High Speed Optics on the
DC Fabric
Traffic Growth / Data Center Growth
The Need for Speed & Efficiency Apples Maiden, NC 500k sf, Data Center
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
DC Architecture Evolution
core
Spine 2
aggregation
Spine 1
10G/40G
access
leaf
FCT (normalized to
20
Impact of link Speed Intuition 15 OQ-Switch
optimal)
10 20x10Gbps
5 5x40Gbps
2x100Gbps
0
Higher speed links improve ECMP 30 50 70
Load (%) 40/100Gbps fabric: ~ same FCT as OQ
efficiency
10Gbps fabric: FCT up 40% worse than OQ
1110Gbps flows 1 2
(55% load) 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Design Considerations
Increased BW Utilization due to 40G / 100G speedup
2x
40/100G
8 x 10G
8 x 10G 8 x 10G
Expected Max Effective Throughput = 86.33% Expected Max Effective Throughput = 65.6%
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Pluggable Form Factors
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Key Success Criteria to address NG Cloud DC
Switch Silicon Integration
50 Gb/s serdes
400 GbE MAC (200 GbE too but at same time, impact may be less)
32 ports
Interop
Ideally not have 100GbE MSA breadth
Focus the industry investment
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
For your
reference
PE PE
Transmitter can tune its lasers frequency Receiver can select any channel from of a
to any channel in the ITU grid. composite (unfiltered) signal.
Tunable lasers work with colorless add/drop to enable touchless changes in the frequency of an optical
signal. Coherent receivers simplify the construction of colorless and omni-directional ROADM nodes, by
eliminating the need to de-multiplex a signal down to the individual wavelength.
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
100G Technology: Coherent Detection
Direct Detection
Must correct for impairments in the physical domain (insert DCUs)
Forced to live with non-correctable impairments via network design (limit distance, regenerate,
adjust channel spacing)
Dumb detection (OOK), no Digital Signal Processing, only FEC
DCU DCU DCU
DD DD
Regen
Coherent Detection
Moves impairment correction from the optical domain into the digital domain
Allows for digital correction of impairments (powerful DSP) vs. physical correction of impairments
(DCUs). Adds advanced FEC.
Massive performance improvements over Direct Detection.
CD
Dispersion
DCU 2016 Compensation 76Unit
Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Todays SW selectable Data Rates
Modulation Baud Rate Line Rate Payload Rate Distance
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
CFP2 ACO Coherent Optics Pluggable
32GBaud
1.0E-01
SiP Modualtor 1.0
1.0E-02 BER=1e-2 BER=1e-3
1.0E-04
0.0
1.0E-05
-0.5
1.0E-06
1.0E-07 -1.0
12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Silicon Photonics suitable for 250G 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 80
High Speed Client Implementations
Interface Independent Functionality
IP-over-
Router Ethernet
Router Router
OTN
IP-over-DWDM
DWDM Client Client
Pre-FEC error threshold is monitored directly by
router
RP initiates fast re-route based on internal trigger
directly from PLIM
FEC
Gray Client - Ethernet OTN
OTN
Pre-FEC error threshold is monitored by transponder Ethernet
Trigger
Trigger
Ethernet trigger is generated by transponder and
sent to router which initiates fast re-route Transponder
Transponder
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 81
Beyond 100G/250
Client Side Industry Optics Roadmap
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Ethernet and signaling rates
Ethernet Rates
Signaling
10 GbE 40 GbE 100 GbE 400 GbE 25 GbE 50 GbE 200 GbE
Rates
Enabled by
2.5 Gb/s
availability
of
Is driving
50 Gb/s Enabled by
development
availability of
of
Will be
optimized by Is driving
100 Gb/s development
of
~ Chronological
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
What Will Change to Continue to Scale?
28G 56G Electrical Optical Fibers
SMF or MMF
28G 56G Electrical Electrical
Analog
Lanes Lanes
400G 400G
S&R Coherent 600G Line
ASIC DSP 200G System
400G 400G
DWDM
Multi-Terabit Multi-Rate Optic
Processor DSP
100G 200G/400G Grey Optics
SR-10, SR-4, CWDM-4, +8QAM
LR-4 Lite, LR-4
+32QAM
Client Side Optics: QSFP28, QSFP56,
QSFP28-DD, QSFP56-DD, COBO +64QAM
Flexibility: FlexE, FlexMod, and FlexRate Double Baud Rate
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
5
Introducing QSFP-DD (new 2x 100 GbE and 400
GbE capable pluggable module)
75.85 mm
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Supports 8 electrical IO
8x50G (CDAUI) 400 GbE
Dual 4x25G (CAUI) 2x 100 GbE
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Line Side Objectives for 100Gb/s
Cost reduction
Increased system density
OSNR performance improvement
Spectral efficiency
reach optimized interfaces
capacity optimized interfaces
flexible wavelength assignment (flex spectrum)
optimized channel spacing
cross-talk compensation between channels
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 88
Line Interfaces Whats Next ?
Higher data rates: 200G, 400G, 1T
Flex Ethernet ... available today
Flex Spectrum
Flexible modulation techniques
PM-BPSK, PM-QPSK, PM-16QAM, PM-64QAM, .
All come at the expense of reduced distance
Calendar
Sub-calendar
Sub-calendar
Sub-calendar
64B/66B 64B/66B 64B/66B
PHY N
PHY B
PHY A
Break Ethernet and transport roadmap marriage
decode decode decode
Client
FlexE defined
Idle Idle Idle Clock
sublayers Doma
insert/ insert/ insert/
FlexE
in
802.3 defined delete delete delete
sublayers 66B block extraction from Clock
Deskew
100GBASE- 100GBASE- 100GBASE- Calendar
Overhead extraction
R PMA R PMA R PMA Interleaving
Sub-calendar
Sub-calendar
Sub-calendar
LF generator
PHY A PHY B N
PHY
PHY B
PHY N
PHY A
Lower Layers Lower Layers Lower Layers
and PMD and PMD and PMD
FlexE defined
Above figures are copied from the OIF FlexE 1.0 Implementation
agreement. Available on oiforum.com early in 2016.
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Optimize Data Rate vs Distance
Flex Ethernet (FlexE) Worlds first Demo OFC 2016
Ability to leverage the full capacity of the NPU
Ability to specify any Data Rate with no Hashing inefficiencies
Ability to grow the Data Rate in 25/50G granularity upto max NPU capacity
independent of IEEE or ITU hierarchies
Ability to dynamically adjust data rates to match the physical layer performance
400Gig
400Gig 400Gig
X
NPU NPU
50Gig
350Gig
Truly Optimize Data Rate vs Reach
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Tools to Increase and Optimize System Capacity
Speed up & WDM & Modulation
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 93
Higher order modulation schemes
Bits/
Symbol 2 4 6 8 12
(2 pol.)
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Baud rate increase
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 96
Dynamic Data Rates
Current Solutions are Still too Inflexible FlexE and FlexMod optimize Capacity vs Reach
What we need:
400Gbps 64QAM More granularity and uniformity of
bandwidth / distance steps
Todays Hierarchy defined in the IEEE and ITU provides
network limitations
Terminate predefined Standard Data Rates
10G, 100G, 400G, . 1.6T?
200Gbps 16QAM Data Rate specified by reach
Bit Weakens ability to optimaze DR vs. Reach
Rate
Wasted Capacity
100Gbps QPPSK
50Gbps BPSK
Distance / OSNR
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Adoption of hybrid modulation
Interleaving of different modulation schemes
symbols enables continuous optimization of the
capacity for every reach.
Flex Mod and Flex E allows for the mixing of
different Constellations providing for 25GHz of
Data Rate Granularity
time
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Time Domain
50G
Hybrid 32 GBaud
BPSK
BPSK
BPSK
QPSK
BPSK
BPSK
BPSK
QPSK
BPSK
BPSK
BPSK
QPSK
BPSK
BPSK
Mix of constellations in
QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM QPSK QPSK QPSK
only small changes 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM
Add one new modulation 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM
Flex Spectrum
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 101
ITU-T Superchannels
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 102
FlexSpectrum & Capacity Relationships
80ch system: From 4Tb/s to From 16Tb/s to 24Tb/s
6Tb/s per fiber Moving from Moving from 50GHz to
50GHz to 33GHz Chs spacing 33GHz Chs spacing
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 104
Network Operators are Leaving Ketchup in the Bottle
10G
25G 50G
200G 40G 100G ITU
50G 150G 50GHz
Terabits 100G 200G Grid
200G
400G
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
Agenda
Introduction
Industry Trends
Standards
Client Side Optics
Impact of High Speed Optics on the DC Fabric
Line Side Optics
Beyond 100G
Conclusion
Alignment Needed to Achieve TCO Goals
DC Network Infrastructure
ASIC BW & Port
Speed
Innovation
Standardization
Open Ecosystems
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary - Trends
Transition infrastructure to duplex fiber for lower overall cost
Anyport technology with 10G/25G/40G/100G interoperability
Balance choice of optics with cost, reach, power, density, performance and
packaging
Move to high speed optics in the DC fabric improves application performance
CMOS photonics enables enable new generation of SMF optics (CPAK) and
beyond
Move to SMF backbone in DC will require low cost short reach SM optics
Evolution of high speed optics will enable flexible bandwidth, increased system
performance, drive network architecture and facilities consideration
Cisco continues to invest and lead the industry in optics innovation to drive to
lower cost structure.
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 109
Summary
There are mismatches between NPU capacity, Ethernet rates, and
transponder rates
New Ethernet rates combined with line side DWDN advances will
drive greater efficiency
Higher cost sensitivity & shorter investment cycles at the edge
Backward compatibility will de-couple investment cycles for server/
ToR & aggregation switching
Flex Spectrum and Flex Modulation are a good start towards
flexibility of trading off bandwidth vs. distance
Hybrid Modulation plus Flex Ethernet will allow operators to squeeze
every bit of bandwidth out of their networks.
2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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