Tutorial 5
Tutorial 5
Tutorial 5
Winter 2001
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of
the compression process air is at 95 kPa and 27C. 750 kJ/kg of heat is
transferred to the air during the constant volume heat-addition
process. Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.
Determine:
T (K) P (kPa)
1 300 95
2
3
4
Step 4: Calculations
Part a)
In order to find the pressure and temperature at state 3 we need to
find the temperature and pressure of an adjacent state (2 or 3) so we
can use some relation between that state and state 3. We will find P 2
and T2.
Writing the 1st law for the constant heat-addition process from state 2
to 3 we can relate state 2 to state 3 as seen in Equation 2. Note: we
have used the assumption that ke & pe are approximately zero here.
q in u 3 u 2 (Eq2)
For an ideal gas with constant specific heats we have a relation for the
change in internal energy in terms of the change in temperature as
shown in Eq3.
u 3 u 2 cv T3 T2 (Eq3)
To find the pressure at state 2 we can use the ideal gas law as shown in
Eq4.
P1v1 P2 v 2 v T2
R P2 P1 1 (Eq4)
T1 T2 v2 T1
Noting again, that v1/v2 is the compression ratio we can solve for the
pressure at state 2.
v T 689.2[ K ]
P2 P1 1 2 (95[kPa])(8) =1746 kPa
v2 T1 300[ K ]
P3 v3 P2 v 2 v T
R P3 P2 2 3 (Eq5)
T3 T2 v3 T2
v T 1733.8 K
P3 P2 2 3 (1746[kPa])1 = 4392.4kPa answer
v3 T2 689.2 K
a)
Part b)
To find an expression for the net work output we can perform an overall
energy balance on the cycle as shown in Eq6.
qin win qout wout wnet wout win qin qout (Eq6)
To find the temperature at state 4 we make use of the fact that the
expansion from state 3 to state 4 is isentropic so we can use the
relation shown in Eq1 again.
k 1
v
T4 T3 3 (Eq8)
v4
kJ
q out c v T4 T1 0.718 754.7[ K ] 300[ K ] 326.5 kJ/kg
kg K
Using this result with the given qin =750kJ/kg and Eq6 we can solve for
the net work output.
kJ
wnet qin q out (750 326.5) 423.5 kJ/kg answer b)
kg
Part c)
To calculate the thermal efficiency we can use our general expression
(benefit/cost).
We could have also used the expression for the Otto cycle thermal
efficiency in terms of the compression ratio.
1 1
th 1 k 1
1 0.565 answer c)
r 8 0 .4