Low Voltage and Medium Voltage Products

Catalogue | 2015

Power and Distribution

Transformers
Global Transformer Presence
Schneider Electric has a large network of transformer manufacturing plants
around the world, producing medium power transformers, oil distribution
and dry-type transformers and special transformers.

Having a worldwide footprint

3 Competency centres

15 Industrial sites

NRJED315628EN 3
Schneider Electric:
Best In Class Transformer
at the right place for the right job!

Producing medium power, oil distribution and dry-type transformers and

special transformers to address each and every customer requirement.

Schneider Electric's worldwide presence and excellence assures the

quality of the Transformers; high performance and safety, environmental
friendly, reliable, safe, efficient, robust and 100% integrated with other
Schneider Electric solutions.

Discover our Transformer offer compliant with today and tomorrow's

international and specific standards & regulations (IEC, ANSI, BS, GOST,
IEEE, IS, BS, etc.), built with proven technology and a deep know how!

Schneider Electric know-how

guarantees the best Transformers.
Transformers Contents

Transformers 6
Selection table 6

Oil Distribution Tranformers 8

Minera 8
Minera Pole-Mounted Transformers 9
Minera HE+ High Efficiency Transformers 10

Cast Resine Transformers 11

Trihal - Cast Resin Transformers 11
Tricast - Cast Resin Transformers 12
Resiglas - Epoxy Resin / Fiberglass Transformers 13

Medium Power Transformers 14

Minera MP 14

Special Transformers 15
Minera SGrid Transformers 15
Minera Ex Explosive Area Transformers 16
Minera R - Oil-immersed rectifier Transformers 17
Minera E - Earthing Transformers 18
Minera PV Transformers for Photovoltaic Systems 19
Siltrim - Compact Size Transformers 20
Vegeta - Biodegradable vegetable oil Transformers 21
Imprego 22
Imprego AT 22
R-Cool - Air Conditioned Special Dry-Type 23

Technical Information 24
Three-Phase Common Transformer Vector Groups 24
Transformer Calculations 25
EcoDesign Regulation EU 548-2014 29
Total Cost of Ownership 31

NRJED315628EN 5
Transformers Selection table

Oil Distribution Transformer up to 3.15 MVA

Minera Minera Pole-Mounted Minera HE+

Max. rated power (MVA) 3.15 0.5 1.6
Max. rated voltage (kV) 36 36 36
Indoor/outdoor Indoor and outdoor Outdoor Indoor and outdoor
Features and application Ground-mounted and Pole-mounted oil-immersed High efficiency transformer
pole-mounted oil- transformer. with amorphous core
immersed transformer. Three-phase units technology.
Three-phase units. (single-phase available
on request).

Catalogue Page No. Page 8 Page 9 Page 10

Cast Resin Transformers

Trihal Tricast Resiglas

Max. rated power (MVA) 15 25 25
Max. rated voltage (kV) 36 52 36
Indoor/outdoor Indoor and outdoor Indoor and outdoor Indoor and outdoor
Features and application Cast resin dry transformer. Cast resin dry transformer Suitable for power supply of
Indoor: IP00, IP21 or IP31 Indoor: IP00, IP21 or IP31 non-linear loads with high
Outdoor IP44. Outdoor IP44. harmonic contents
Highly rated to standards Highly rated to standards (transformers with k-factor).
for environmental, climate for environmental, climate Has a flexibable design
and fire resistance. and fire resistance. (adjustment of impedances).

Catalogue Page No. Page 11 Page 12 Page 13

Medium Power Transformers

Minera MP
Max. rated power (MVA) 100
Max. rated voltage (kV) 170
Indoor/outdoor Indoor and outdoor
Features and application Hermetically sealed or breathing with conservator.
Low flammability dielectric liquids (Vegeta ranges).
High capacity of cooling options such as ONAN, ONAF, ODAF,OFAF or OFWF.

Catalogue Page No. Page 14

6 NRJED315628EN
Transformers Selection table

Special Transformers Solutions

Minera SGrid Minera Ex Minera R Minera E

Max. rated power (MVA) 1 60 80 15 kA (earth fault current)
Max. rated voltage (kV) 36 36 170 72
Indoor/outdoor Indoor and outdoor Indoor and outdoor Indoor and outdoor Indoor and outdoor
Features and application Transformer suitable. Zone 1 and Zone 2 explosion Rectifier transformer Earthing transformer.
It features an on-load proof transformer for mines for railways, metals Designed to create the HV
tap changer. and the oil and gas industries. and renewable. network neutral point and to
Voltage stabilization. Hazardous zones (Atex / Rectifier feeder (Rectifier limit the fault current in the
IECex Transformer range). Transformer range). phase-earth connection.
Naturally cooled (ONAN)
or air forced (ONAF).

Catalogue Page No. Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18

Minera PV Siltrim Vegeta

Max. rated power (MVA) 3.2 3.3 25
Max. rated voltage (kV) 36 36 72.5
Indoor/outdoor Indoor and Outdoor Indoor and outdoor Indoor and outdoor
Features and application Transformer for photovoltaic Very compact distribution The safest transformer for the
(PV) generation. transformer adapted to fit into environment and people using
Natural cooled (ONAN) or reduced spaces such as wind biodegradable vegetable oil as
air-forced (ONAF). towers and offshore oil & dielectric medium.
gas platforms.

Catalogue Page No. Page 19 Page 20 Page 21

Imprego Imprego AT R-Cool

Max. rated power (MVA) 0.4 0.4 15
Max. rated voltage (kV) 1.1 1.1 36
Indoor/outdoor Indoor and Outdoor Indoor and Outdoor Indoor and Outdoor
Features and application Where the earthing system Autotransformer applications Air-conditioned special
needs to be changed or as including stepping voltage up dry-type transformer, which is
an isolation transformer. or down without isolating the designed to achieve high IP
secondary or primary. ratings and an efficient cooling
solution that can not be
reached with conventional
enclosures and cooling.

Catalogue Page No. Page 22 Page 22 Page 23

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Oil Distribution Tranformers Minera
Up to 3.15 MVA and 36 kV

Applications Schneider Electric follows a policy of continuous improvement taking

into account the latest worldwide developments. This ensures that our
transformers are state-of-the-art and fully compliant with the modern
worlds highest requirements: fast delivery time, improved quality and
Oil and Gas Mines,
Minerals
Utilities Power
generation
Industries Renewable
energies
recycling capacities, reduced size and, on request, very low noise and
and Metals losses values.
With a large industrial worldwide platform, we offer versatility and
flexibility and are able to deliver you the oil-immersed distribution
transformer to meet your needs. Whatever the transformer type you
require, you will find your solution in Minera.
We can deliver every type of Minera:
Hermetically sealed or breathing type
For indoor applications in buildings or industrial plants and in compact
distribution substations
For outdoor applications: ground-mounted but also pad or pole-mounted
Low noise level for urban or residential areas
Normal, low, or very low level of losses
All our production sites of Minera oil-immersed transformers are ISO 9001,
ISO 14001 and ISO 18001 certified.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power 3.15 MVA
Rated voltage 36 kV
Phases Three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN, ONAF (other on request)
Voltage regulation Off-circuit tap changer (DETC) or on load tap changer (OLTC)
Other (optional) Breathing or sealed type, standard or low noise levels,
a wide variety of accessories

Minera

8 NRJED315628EN
Oil Distribution Tranformers Minera Pole-Mounted
Transformers
Up to 500 kVA and 36 kV

Applications The Minera pole-mounted range is an outdoor range of pole-top oil-filled

transformers. Rated from 10kVA to 500kVA, single or three-phase at 12kV,
24kV and 36kV.
A wide range of oil-immersed transformers and transformer solutions are
Utilities Commercial Infrastructure
and Industrial designed to meet different specifications and applications.
Buildings

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 500 kVA
Rated voltage 12, 24 and 36 kV
Phases Three-phase and single-phase
Rated frequency 50 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN
Other (optional) Oil temperature indicator

Minera Pole-mounted Transformer

NRJED315628EN 9
Oil Distribution Tranformers Minera HE+
High Efficiency Transformers
Up to 1600 kVA and 36 kV

Applications High efficiency transformer correspond to an equipment design with

low level of losses to ensure reduced cost of ownership for end user.
The losses can be divided into two categories: load losses,
which are proportional to the transformer load; and no-load losses,
Commercial
and Industrial
Industry Infrastructure Data
Centres
which are caused by the magnetisation of the core steel and are constant -
Buildings independent of the transformer load.
Schneider Electric provides a full range of energy-efficient solutions
to suit your exact needs. In addition to the existing high efficiency
MineraHE transformers, Schneider Electric offers a new technology
product range; amorphous core transformers Minera HE+, which
provide even greater energy savings. Minera HE+ is an ultra high
efficiency amorphous transformer, which is more economical than
"standard efficiency" transformers, as it consumes 70% to 80%
less energy than conventional silicon steel transformers.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 1600 kVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Phases Three-phase (single-phase available upon request)
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN, KNAN (other on request)

What is Amorphous Core Technology?

Minera HE+ Amorphous metal is a solid metallic material with high magnetic conductivity that
provides energy saving performance. The metal atoms are disordered and arranged
in a non-crystalline way. Amorphous metal is easier to magnetise and demagnetize
than conventional silicon steels. Its thickness, 0.02 mm is about 1/10 the thickness
of conventional steel.

Advantages of Amorphous Metal Magnetic Core

bb Reduction of magnetising current
bb Lower temperature rise of core
bb Low-loss, especially no-load losses divided by three more than conventional steel
bb Lower greenhouse emissions.

Environmental sustainability
Amorphous metal

HE+
Minera HE+ Transformer
Energy efficiency

Transformers
new
Magnetic core Technological breakthrough

HE
Transformers

Standard
Transformers

Energy cost saving

10 NRJED315628EN
Cast Resin Transformers Trihal - Cast Resin Transformers
Dry-Type Transformers
up to 15 MVA and 36 kV

Applications For high safety and exceptional environmental friendliness, theres no

matching a dry-type cast resin transformer.
Trihal is a best-in-class high-quality transformer that performs reliably
in a wide range of environments. Its perfectly suited to a wide variety of
Oil and Gas Mines, Commercial Nuclear Automotive Wind
Minerals and Industrial industries, from highly populated buildings and critical infrastructure
and Metals Buildings
to heavy industry and renewable energy production.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 15 MVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling AN, AF (other on request)
Other Thermal protection system
On request Enclosure, fans, anti-vibration pads, plug-in bushing,
monobloc bushing, automatic voltage regulator panel,
Trihal with Enclosure surge arrestors, etc.

Safety and Reliability

To ensure total compliance with relevant national and international standards,
Trihal transformers have been put through the most stringent series of tests.
Trihal is one of few transformers having successfully passed these tests and
is characterised by the following features:
bb C3 Climate Test Operation and Storage to -50C
bb E3 Environment Test Nearly total condensation or heavy pollution or both
- Abnormal level of humidity up to 95% to IEC 60076-16
bb F1 Fire Behaviour reduced flammability and self extinguishing
Excellent classification to IEC 60076-11 standard
bb  5pC Special test for Partial Discharge based on IEC 60076-11;
Tested at 1.3 Un with 5pC result.

Trihal Dry-Type Transformer

NRJED315628EN 11
Cast Resin Transformers Tricast - Cast Resin Transformers
Dry-Type Transformers
up to 25 MVA and 52 kV

Applications With todays focus on improving environmental impact and preserving

the earths natural resources, Schneider Electrics contribution is to
manufacture safe and environmentally friendly equipment: Tricast
High quality and reliability make Tricast Cast Resin Dry-Type Transformers
Oil and Gas Mines, Oil and Gas Commercial
Minerals and Industrial the perfect solution for infrastructure projects such as transmission and
and Metals Buildings
distribution substations, public buildings and high-rise developments.
As Tricast is self-extinguishing, it provides an effective solution for use in
industrial installations susceptible to fire hazards. In addition, it meets the
Industries Water Marine needs of special applications such as wind farms.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power 25 MVA
Rated voltage 52 kV
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling AN, AF (other on request)
Other Thermal protection system
On request On-load tap changer, enclosure, fans, antivibration pads,
plug-in bushing, monobloc bushing, automatic voltage
regulator panel, surge arrestors, etc.

Safety and Reliability

To ensure total compliance with relevant national and international standards, Tricast
transformers have been put through the most stringent series of tests. Tricast is one
of few transformers having successfully passed these tests and is characterised by
the following features:
bb C2 Climate Test Operation and Storage to -25C
bb E2 Environment Test Frequent condensation or heavy pollution or both
- Relative humidity up to 93%
bb F1 Fire Behaviour reduced flammability and self extinguishing
Excellent classification to IEC 60076-11 standard
bb 10pC Routine Test for Partial Discharge.

Tricast Dry-Type Transformer

12 NRJED315628EN
Cast Resin Transformers Resiglas - Epoxy Resin /
Fiberglass Transformers
Dry-Type Transformers
up to 25 MVA and 36 kV
Applications Schneider Electric wants to meet such expectations by manufacturing
products that are safe and environmentally friendly. High quality and
reliability make Resiglas transformers ideal solutions for investment
projects such as: transformer stations, production plants or public use
Oil and Gas Mines,
Minerals
Railways Commercial
and Industrial
buildings (shopping centres, subway, etc.)
and Metals Buildings
Resiglas transformers are equipped with MV coils reeled using "wet"
technology; the product itself is made of non-flammable and fire retardant
materials. Therefore, it is perfect for application where the use of other
Industries Airports Wind types of transformers is impossible because of safety and difficult working
conditions, e.g. in industrial installations susceptible to fire hazards.
Additionally, it is suitable for internal use as a substitute for oil transformers.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 25 MVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Phases One or three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling AN (other on request)
Other Provided with protection levels up to IP55

Safety and Reliability

In order to ensure full compliance with all national and international standards,
Resiglas cast resin transformers were subject to the most demanding tests.
Thanks to successful test results, transformers may be characterised as follows:
Standard offer
bb C2 resistance to thermal shocks
bb E2 Environment Test resistance to environment corrosivity
- Relative air humidity at 20C - to 95%
bb F1 Fire Behaviour fire retardant or non-flammable and self-extinguishing
bb  10pC Routine Test for Partial Discharge - Resiglas transformers withstand
large changes in load and overload.

Resiglas adapted to special applications

Flame resistant and self-extinguishing, Resiglas provides an effective solution
Resiglas for infrastructure projects and public buildings confronted by fire hazards as well
as special applications.

NRJED315628EN 13
Medium Power Transformers Minera MP
Up to 100 MVA and 170 kV

Applications The Minera oil-immersed medium voltage power transformer is dedicated

to all applications up to 170 kV and 100 MVA. Schneider Electric technical
expertise and know how allow to propose a wide variety of reliable
transformers to meet customer requirements for both utility and industrial
Oil and Gas Mines,
Minerals
Utilities Power
generation
Industries Renewable
energies
applications even the most demanding such as Oil and Gas.
and Metals

Technical Characteristics
Rated power From 3.15 up to 100 MVA
Rated voltage Up to 170 kV
Phases One or three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN, (ONAF, OFAF, ODAF, OFWF or ODWF on request)
Voltage regulation Off-circuit tap changer (DETC) or on load tap changer (OLTC)
Other (optional) Breathing or sealed type, standard or low noise levels,
a wide variety of accessories

Magnetic Core
The transformers magnetic core is manufactured from a high grade, cold-rolled,
grain-oriented silicon steel. The lamination stacking is either butt-lap or step-lap-
type. The magnetic core is generally a multi-layer circular cross-section and the
slitting and cutting of the magnetic core is made by automated machines.
In order to reduce transformer sound level to a minimum, the magnetic core and its
framework are carefully sized to minimise the vibrations and, in particular,
magnetostriction effects, which constitute the main sources of sound in medium
power transformers.
Moreover, in order to reduce the no-load losses and / or the no-load transformer
current, the quality of the magnetic steel and the induction, together with the design
of the magnetic core, are carefully chosen to meet the requirements.
Minera MP Transformer
Tank construction
The main tank construction type is panel radiator type. The corrugated wall tank is
also available in some ranges. Radiators are welded or removable. Tank welding is
done by qualified welders. To validate the oil-tightness after complete assembly,
the tank is leak tested under gas or liquid overpressure.

High voltage winding

The high voltage winding material is copper or Aluminium according to the rated
power. To obtain a controlled temperature gradient, the cooling ducts are added in
the coil. High voltage coils are in long layers or disc type. Due to recent
developments in the winding process, interlayer insulation and wire insulation have
allowed the automation of the winding process. The tap changers allow voltage
adjustment for a variation of the supply network voltages on the primary side of the
transformer or for increasing or decreasing the secondary voltage. Tappings are
provided on the primary winding connected to an off-circuit or on-load tap changer.
The operating handle for hand operated tap changer is mounted outside. In general,
tapping range for off-load tap changer is 3, 5 or 7 position and for on-load tap
changer it is from 7 to 27 positions.
We provide tap position & range as per customer requirements.

Low voltage windings

The low voltage winding material is copper or Aluminium according to the rated
power. The shape of the conductor is rectangular or foil type. To obtain a controlled
temperature gradient, cooling ducts are added in the coil. The low voltage winding is
built around the magnetic core. An insulating barrier is wound or installed around the
low voltage coil in order to provide an electrical separation between LV and HV coils.

Surface protection
One of our mayor quality commitment is to provide high-quality surface protection.
Our transformers, certified ISO 12944-5:2007, are corrosion resistant and painting
(coating) is chosen depending on different environmental conditions, quality of the
surface preparation and expected level of durability. Durability of the painting is
classified as limited, middle and high durability. We are able to provide to a customer
with the durability classes that he needs, from C3 medium durability to C5-M or C5-I
high durability class.

14 NRJED315628EN
Special Transformers Minera SGrid Transformers
Up to 1 MVA and 36 kV

Applications Minera SGrid is a regulated distribution transformer created to help

distribution network owners eliminate the risk of voltage fluctuation.
Its an innovative answer to voltage regulation, based on proven
technology and designed for compliance with key modern regulations.
Commercial Industries Data Utilities
and Industrial centers Whether intended for new substations or retrofit in existing locations,
Buildings
Minera SGrid helps you improve network quality on its own.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 1000 kVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Phases Three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN

Minera SGrid-Booster Solution

The intelligent answer to voltage fluctuation
Minera SGrid solves the modern problem of voltage fluctuation using field-proven
components. The result is greater reliability and peace of mind for network operators.
But how does it work? Minera SGrids primary components include:
bb A serial transformer working together with the conventional active part
bb A set of low-current LV contactors
bb A PLC to control operations.

The serial transformer keeps voltage output within a specified range by using
the contactors to manage the step process. Most importantly, all parts overseeing
voltage regulation are located outside the transformer tank. This greatly simplifies
maintenance and makes it easy to adjust regulation as needed.

Minera SGrid

NRJED315628EN 15
Special Transformers Minera Ex
Explosive Area Transformers
Up to 60 MVA and 36 kV

Applications Oil-immersed transformers can be installed in explosive atmospheres,

particularly around hydrocarbon fluids. In this case, explosion proof
transformers in accordance with the relevant standards can be supplied.
Based on decades of field-tested experience in electrical generation and
Oil and Gas Mines,
Minerals
distribution for both offshore and onshore installations, Schneider Electric
and Metals has adapted transformers to provide safety solutions for Zone1 and Zone2
applications in accordance with the latest ATEX and IECEx standards.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 60 MVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Phases Three-phase units (single-phase available on request)
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN, (ONAF on request)
Other (optional) Hermetically sealed or conservator; ground-mounted with
normal, low noise or very low noise levels

How Do Explosions Occur?

An explosion is any uncontrolled combustion wave. Many manufacturing and
processing industries generate potentially explosive atmospheres using substances
ranging from solvents to baking flour. An explosion can be produced due to the
combination of fuel, an oxidizer (such as the oxygen in the air) and a source of
ignition energy. To avoid ignition, the following actions can be taken:
bb use special terminal boxes
bb avoid non-essential accessories
bb use ex-type cable boxes and glands
Minera Ex Transformer bb use intrinsically safe relays.

What can cause ignition?

Keeping in mind that every material has an Autogenous Ignition Temperature (AIT)
at which it will ignite spontaneously, some of the more common ignitors are
Accessory contacts, Bushing live parts, Liquide leakage, Sparks, Arcs and
Other electrical live parts.

What can we do to avoid ignition?

bb By using special terminal boxes
bb By avoiding non-essential accessories
bb By using ex-type cable boxes and glands
bb By using intrinsically safe relay.

16 NRJED315628EN
Special Transformers Minera R
Oil-immersed rectifier
Transformers
Up to 80 MVA and 170 kV
Applications The electrical and mechanical design of the Schneider Electric rectifier
transformer is based on decades of experience in transformer design
for both medium and high voltage ranges, expert calculation and CAD
programming. They are oil-type transformers filled with mineral, silicone
Mines,
Minerals
Industries Railways Power
generation
Marine Renewable
energies
or vegetable oil. They operate at the fundamental frequency of an
and Metals alternating current system and are designed to have one or more output
windings connected to the rectifier. It is possible to make major changes
in the output current and voltage by using the transformer with a different
rectifier configuration.
Rectifier transformers that are designed for treating high harmonics
will dramatically increase load losses (DC and eddy currents) but have
very little effect on no-load losses. Various types of transformer
connections are available on request including polygon or
double-zigzag connections. High or low value coupling coefficient
and phase shifting options are also available.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 80 MVA
Rated voltage Various - please consult us
Phases Three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN, ONAF (other on request)

How to Avoid Harmonic Effects on the Transformer

What are the negative effects on the transformer due to harmonics?
Harmonic distortion will result in an increase of transformer stray/eddy current losses
in the windings and steel parts due to harmonic current components.
The net effect of harmonic distortion is an increase in the operational temperature
and a consequential reduction in service life. Taking into account the power needs
of the equipment fed by the transformer and especially the harmonics generated
by the rectifier or the speed drive, our experts will dimension the transformer to the
exact size using CAD programming. These programs have been created based
on our long term experience and are constantly evolving and being improved.
As a result, you can:
bb improve your power quality
bb improve the transformers and surrounding equipments life expectancy
bb minimise space requirements.

Minera R Transformer

NRJED315628EN 17
Special Transformers Minera E - Earthing
Transformers
Up to 15 kA and 72 kV

Applications Schneider Electrics Minera-E is recognized for its reinforced, rugged

mechanical design that supports short circuit conditions while protecting
the network.
Minera E earthing transformers and coils have been designed to protect
Oil and Gas Mining, Commercial Industries Infrastructure
Mineral and Industrial your system against phase-earth fault currents for the given fault time
and Metals Buildings
duration. If an earth fault occurs on one line of an insulated system - usually
one fed by a delta-connected main transformer winding with no return path
available for the earth fault current and no current flow - the system will
continue to operate, but the other two lines will rise in voltage and both
the transformer and the system will suffer from over-stressed insulation.
Minera E complies with the specified international standards required
including IEC 60070 Part 6, and relevant IEE and EN/VDE standards.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 15 kA (eart fault current)
Rated voltage Up to 72 kV
Phases Three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN
Other (optional) Oil temperature indicator, integrated safety detector, pressure
relief device, winding temperature indicator, marshalling box
and wheels, limiting dimensions, fittings and paint systems,
are available on request

Minera E Transformer

18 NRJED315628EN
Special Transformers Minera PV Transformers
for Photovoltaic Systems
Up to 1600 kVA and 36 kV

Applications Schneider Electric developed transformers specially designed for grid

connected photovoltaic systems. These transformers are designed
according to any single customer requirements regarding voltage, power,
low losses, sound level, climate and more. Special attention to people and
Solar environmental safety issues is always considered. In large PV installations,
multiple inverters paralleled to the PV arrays are directly connected to one
or more medium-voltage transformers. Schneider Electrics offer of
three-winding transformers can reduce costs without compromising any
of the transformer functions. The transformers primary voltage is at the
low voltage side and the secondary is at the medium voltage side.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 1600 kVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Phases Three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN or ONAF
Other Protection relays on the filing plug, liquid retention tank

Photovoltaic Systems
Minera PV transformers are the ideal solution for photovoltaic systems.
The technology used along with the appropriate sizing of the core, the framework
and the high quality materials results in the most suitable product in terms of
quality, reliability, efficiency and cost effectiveness. Three-winding transformer
features include:
bb galvanic isolation between the solar inverter and the feeding network
bb voltage step-up from the inverter output to the MV feeding network
bb wound magnetic core for:
vv standard or low losses
vv minimum sound levels and low inrush current.

Inverters PV transformers

Minera PV Transformer

Photovoltaic
cell arrays

Diagram for photovoltaic systems

NRJED315628EN 19
Special Transformers Siltrim - Compact Size
Transformers
Up to 3.3 MVA and 36 kV

Applications Schneider Electric has designed a very compact distribution

transformer answering your technical requirements and adapted
to fit into reduced spaces.
Siltrims patented design allows it to remain cool despite its extremely
Oil and Gas Utilities Wind
compact size. Siltrim is specifically built for our customers complex
mechanical and electrical environments and can be installed in the harshest
environmental locations.
It has been tested for an extremely high overvoltage level and is equipped
with a pressure-relief device as an added safety measure against explosion.
It offers lower winding hotspot temperatures resulting in a longer working
life with high availability and proven reliability.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 3.3 MVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Phases Three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN
Other (optional) On request

Siltrim

Siltrim, for extra power without extra heat!

Siltrims high performance level (higher efficiency, low temperature rise, fire
resistance) combined with its compactness is obtained by using an excellent fire
resistant and heat dissipating dielectric liquid. Siltrim can handle high harmonics,
environmental and overload conditions.
bb Long life cycle
bb Compact
bb Increased fire resistance
bb Designed for high harmonic environments and overload conditions
bb Low heat dissipation
bb Optional vibration pads for additional resistance
bb Near-zero maintenance, recyclable.

20 NRJED315628EN
Special Transformers Vegeta - Biodegradable
vegetable oil Transformers
Up to 25 MVA and 72.5 kV

Applications With natural ester-based biodegradable vegetable oil as the dielectric

medium, Vegeta oil-immersed transformer becomes one of the most
environment friendly product available on the market today.
The vegetable oil is specifically formulated to be safe for people and the
Oil and Gas Mining, Commercial Wind Marine Utilities
Minerals and Industrial environment. It is made of food-grade seeds and is not listed as hazardous
and Metals Buildings
by international authorities such as EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Healty Administration).
This technology is biodegradable and non-toxic with a superior back-to-
nature recycling rate of more than 99%. Vegeta has been assigned a water
hazard classification of zero, which means it is also eligible for use in areas
where stringent environmental restrictions apply (water points, fields
and forests).

Technical Characteristics
Rated power 50 kVA to 25 MVA
Rated voltage 72.5 kV
Phases One or three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling ONAN, ONAF, ODAF, ODAN, ODWF

Environmentally friendly and adapted to sensitive area

Vegeta bb An active eco-citizen approach
bb No risk for peoples health
bb Enhanced fire behaviour
bb Increased overload withstand.
Vegetable oil has a better environmental and health profile than conventional
mineral oil.
Vegetable oil has the advantage of being biodegradable, so oil spill management
solutions are made easier. Its unique ability to absorb moisture contained in aging
paper can extend insulation life by a factor of as much as five.
It also chemically helps to prevent long cellulose paper molecules from scission
(i.e. aging) due to heat exposure. These properties can result in an increase of
overloading capability and longer transformer insulation life. The results are lower
lifecycle costs and better use of your assets.

NRJED315628EN 21
Special Transformers Imprego & Imprego AT
Up to 400 kVA and 1.1 kV

Imprego

Applications The range of LV/LV transformers are available in ratings up to 400 kVA.
Imprego transformers are used to change the earthing system, isolate
network disturbances, change the voltage and to supply power and
ensure personal safety or equipment maintenance.
Oil and Gas Infrastructure Industries Marine Security
network

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 400 kVA (for higher ratings, please consult us)
Rated voltage 400/400 V or 400/231 V and up to 1.1 kV
Phases Single phase, three-phase
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Other Electrostatic shield between the primary and the secondary
connected to the earth, completely separate windings;
covers may be purchased later as accessories

LV/LV Special Transformer

Imprego AT
Dry-Type Autotransformer

Applications The range of autotransformers are available in ratings up to 400 kVA.

They are used to adapt the network voltage without isolating the
installation from electrical disturbances and they help gain in size
compared to a transformer with the same power.
Oil and Gas Infrastructure Health Care Marine

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 400 kVA (for higher ratings, please consult us)
Rated voltage 231/400 V or 400/231 V and up to 1.1 kV
Phases Three-phase
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Other Star/star coupling with neutral

22 NRJED315628EN
Special Transformers R-Cool - Air Conditioned
Special Dry-Type
Dry-Type Transformers
up to 3150 kVA and 36 kV
Applications R-Cool dry-type transformer is an air conditioned special dry-type
transformer, designed to achieve high IP ratings and efficient cooling,
which can not be reached with conventional enclosures and cooling. It is
now possible to utilise dry-type transformers in extreme temperatures and
Oil and Gas Mines,
Minerals
Industries Power
generation
dust; indoor or outdoor or 100 per cent humidity without the need for filters
and Metals or any other disposal materials. External air, water or other coolant is not
required at site since R-Cool is a complete stand-alone solution;
it simply needs to be powered up to operate.
Marine Infrastructure Transportation The R-Cool dry-type transformer is equipped with a transformer enclosure
and a cooling compartment. Due to the size of the transformer, cooling
compartments can be single or dual. Enclosure and cooling compartments
are manufactured with 2mm S235 sheet steel. Outdoor units are also
zinc coated to achieve higher corrosion resistance.

Technical Characteristics
Rated power Up to 3150 kVA
Rated voltage Up to 36 kV
Phases Three-phase unit
Rated frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Type of cooling Two independent cooling flows

R-Cool Cooling System

The purpose of R-Cool systems is to transfer heat from the evaporator to the
condenser by the refrigerant transfer. Basically, there are two independent flows
in the system. Condenser fans use ambient air to cool down the condenser.
This flow is completely separated from enclosure so the transformer is isolated
from ambient conditions. R-Cool system does not only cool transformer coils like
conventional cooling systems, but provides the desired environment by creating
and controlling the ambient inside the transformer enclosure. The R-Cool system
provides a homogenous and stable environment for the entire unit, while the
conventionally cooled dry-type transformers only cools down the transformer coils.

R-Cool Dry-Type Transformer Cold Air

Fan

Hot Cold
Air Refrigerant
Transformer
Ambient

Condenser

Evaporator

Condenser Unit Enclosure

Refrigerant transfer Closed air
by compressor circulation
Cold Hot
Air Refrigerant

Sensor
Hot Air

R-Cool System

NRJED315628EN 23
Technical Information Three-Phase Common
Transformer Vector Groups

Phasor symbols Terminal markings and phase displacement Winding connections

diagram of induced voltages
HV winding LV winding

Dy1
n
A2 a2
c2 A1 A2 a2 a2 a1
A B
B1 B2 b2 b2 b1
C2 C B2 b2 C1 C2 c2 c2 c1

Yd1
N
A2 a2
c a2 a2 a1
A1 A2 A2
c2 a
B1 B2 B2 b2 b2 b1
b
C2 B2 b2
C1 C2 C2 c2 c2 c1

Phase displacement = - 30
Clock-hour figure = 1

Dy11
n
A2 a2
A1 A2 A2 a2 a2 a1
A B b2
B1 B2 B2 b2 b2 b1
C2 C B2 c2
C1 C2 C2 c2 c2 c1

Yd11
N
A2 a2
b A1 A2 A2 a2 a2 a1
b2
a b2 b2 b1
B1 B2 B2
c
C2 B2 c2 c2 c2 c1
C1 C2 C2

Phase displacement = 30
Clock-hour figure = 11

24 NRJED315628EN
Technical Information Transformer Calculations
Transformer Efficiency and Voltage Drop

Calculation of Transformer Efficiency

Let us assume that a three-phase transformer, 630 kVA, 20/0.4 kV, has 1200 W
no-load losses and 9300 W load losses. Determine the transformer efficiency
at full load (case 1) and at 75% load (case 2) for power factor 1.0 and 0.8.

Case 1: full load Case 2: load 75%

The efficiency at full load and for power factor equal The efficiency at load 75% and cos = 1.0 is:
to 1.0 (cos = 1.0) is calculated as follows: 472500*1.0
= = 98.66%
S cos 472500*1.0 + 1200 + 9300*(0.75)2
= =
S cos + NLL + LL (S/SB) 2

The efficiency at load 75% and cos = 0.8 is:

630000*1.0
= = 0.9836 = 98.36% 472500*0.8
630000*1.0 + 1200 + 9300*(1.0) 2
= = 98.33%
472500*0.8 + 1200 + 9300*(0.75)2
The efficiency at full load and cos = 0.8 is:
630000*0.8
= = 97.96%
630000*0.8 + 1200 + 9300*(1.0)2

Calculation of Transformer Efficiency

Let us assume that a three-phase transformer, 630 kVA, 20/0.4 kV, has 9300 W load
losses and 6% short-circuit impedance. Determine the voltage drop at full load
(case 1) and at 75% load (case 2) for power factor 1.0 and 0.8.
The voltage drop is given by the following equation:
S 1 1 S 2
Udrop = (er cos + ex sin ) + ( ) (er sin + ex cos )2
SB 2 100 SB
where:
LL 9300
er = = = 0.014762 = 1.4762% and ex = U2k - e2r = 0.062 - 0.0147622 = 0.05816 = 5.816%
SB 630000

Case 1: full load Case 2: load 75%

For cos = 1, sin = 0. For cos = 1, the voltage drop is calculated
S as follows:
Udrop = (er cos + ex sin )
SB Udrop = (0.75)*(1.4762*1 + 5.816*0) +
1 1 S 1 1
+ ( ) (er sin + ex cos ) =
2 2
+ (0.75)2 (1.4762*0 + 5.816*1)2 = 1.202%
2 100 SB 2 100

= (1.0)*(1.4762*1 + 5.816*0) + For cos = 0.8, the voltage drop is:

1 1
+ (1.0)2 (1.4762*0 + 5.816*1)2 = 1.645% Udrop = (0.75)*(1.4762*0.8 + 5.816*0.6) +
2 100
1 1
+ (0.75)2 (1.4762*0.6 + 5.816*0.8)2 = 3.543%
For cos = 0.8, sin = 1- (cos )2 = 0.6. 2 100

Udrop = (1.0)*(1.4762*0.8 + 5.816*0.6) +

1 1
+ (1.0)2 (1.4762*0.6 + 5.816*0.8)2 = 4.741%
2 100

NRJED315628EN 25
Technical Information Transformer Calculations
Parallel Operation and
Transformer Selection

Parallel Operation of Transformers

Let us assume that three transformers operate in parallel.
The first transformer has 800 kVA rated power and 4.4% short-circuit impedance.
The rated power and the short-circuit impedance of the other two transformers
is 500 kVA and 4.8%, and 315kVA and 4.0%, respectively.
Calculate the maximum total load of the three transformers.

Among the three transformers, the third transformer has the minimum
short-circuit impedance,
i.e Uk,min = 4.0%.
The load of transformer 1 is:
Uk,min 4
Pn,1 = P1 = 800 = 728 kVA
Uk,1 4.4

The load of transformer 2 is:

Uk,min 4
Pn,2 = P2 = 500 = 417 kVA
Uk,2 4.8

The load of transformer 3 is:

Uk,min 4
Pn,3 = P3 = 315 = 315 kVA
Uk,3 4

The maximum total load of the three transformers is:

Ptot = Pn,1 + Pn,2 + Pn,3 = 728 + 417 + 315 = 1460 kVA

The three transformers have total installed power:

P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 800 + 500 + 315= 1615 kVA.
From the above, it is concluded that the maximum total load (1460 kVA)
represents the 90.4% of the total installed power (1615 kVA).
It should be noted that, in order the maximum total load to be equal to the total
installed power, the transformers must have the same short-circuit impedance.

26 NRJED315628EN
Technical Information Transformer Calculations
Air Resistance and Cross-Section Input
and Output Openings

When the transformer is going to be installed inside an electrical room (indoor

installation), particular attention should be paid to the calculation of the dimensions
of the installation area as well as to the ventilation of the installation room.
The ventilation of the electrical room influences the cooling, and consequently,
the transformers life. The distance between the walls of the room and the
transformer end points must be from 50 to 60 cm.

Calculation of air resistance

For the calculation of the dimensions of the openings for the input and output of air in
the electrical room, the calculation of the air resistance is required.
For the air resistance, the symbol W is used in the sequel. The value of the air
resistance depends on the existence or not of lattices, meshes and venetian blinds.
If there are no lattices, meshes and venetian blinds in the input and output openings
of the air, then the minimum air resistance is:
Wmin = 4

For each lattice, the value WL =1 is added to the value of Wmin.

For each mesh, the value WM =1.5 is added to the value of Wmin.
For each adjustable venetian blind, the value of WV = 3 is added to the value of Wmin.

For example, for a transformer installation room with two meshes (one in the
input and one in the output of air), the minimum air resistance is:
W = Wmin + 2 WM = 4 + 2 x 1.5 = 7

The lowest possible temperature in the transformer electrical room is achieved

with the following ways:
bb the opening for the output of the hot air is placed in the highest possible
location,
bb the opening for the input of the cold air is placed in the lowest possible location.

Calculation of cross-section area of the input

and output openings
The cross-section area of the opening for the input of air, F1 (m2), is calculated
by the following formula:
4.25 104W
F1 = V
100 H t3
where V is the total transformer losses (kW), W is the air resistance, H is the height
(m) of the opening for the output of air from the horizontal symmetry axis of
transformer (see diagram), and it is the temperature rise (C) of the transformer
room.
The cross-section area of the opening for the output of air, F2 (m2), should be 10%
to 15% larger than the cross-section area of the opening for the input of air (F1).

Gravel

Pit for oil

Dimensions of transformer installation room

NRJED315628EN 27
Technical Information Transformer Calculations
Overloading

Ambient Temperature
The rated power of the transformer is typically calculated for the following conditions:
bb maximum ambient temperature of 40C
bb average daily ambient temperature of 30C
bb average annual ambient temperature of 20C.
On request, transformers operating under different ambient temperature conditions
can be produced.

Overloading
The rated overloading of transformer depends on the transformers previous load or
the corresponding oil temperature at the beginning of the overloading. Examples of
the permissible duration and the respective levels of the acceptable overloadings are
shown below.

For example, if the transformer is loaded with 50% of its rated power continuously,
then the transformer can be overloaded to 150% of its rated power for 15 minutes
or to 120% of its rated power for 90 minutes.

Previous Oil Duration (min.) of overloading

continuous temperature for specific levels of overloading
loading (% of rated power)
% of rated power C 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
min. min. min. min. min.
50 55 180 90 60 30 15
75 68 120 60 30 15 8
90 78 60 30 15 8 4
Permissible duration and level of acceptable overloading.

It should also be noted that the oil temperature is not a safe measure for the winding
temperature, since the time constant of the oil is 2 to 4 hours, while the time constant
of the winding is 2 to 6 minutes. Therefore, the determination of the permissible
duration of the overloading must be done very carefully, since there is a danger
of the winding temperature exceeding the critical temperature of 105C,
without being visible by the oil temperature.

28 NRJED315628EN
Technical Information EcoDesign Regulation
EU 548-2014

What is it?
EcoDesign is a European Union regulation which came into force in 11th June 2014
in the 28 countries of European Union.
This new legislation imposes, within the EU, the maximum level of losses for
transformers placed in the market or put into service from 1st July 2015 and
purchased after 11th June 2014.
After the date of entry into force, manufacturers should not engage in new framework
contracts for transformers with energy efficiency specifications below the minimum
requirements outlined in the regulation.
Framework contracts signed before 11th June 2014 can go on until the end date,
even with deliveries after 1st July 1 2015.

Why this regulation?

bb EcoDesign aims for two major objectives on the Transformer product:
vv Reduce electrical losses (1st step in 2015/ 2nd step in 2021)
vv Clarify and make more visible indication of performance.
bb Harmonisation of maximum loss levels in the European Union
vv Efficiency request on medium power transformers for the 1st time.

Which transformers are impacted?

The following equipments are impacted:
bb All transformers exceeding 1 kVA and with the high voltage higher than 1 kV
bb Oil Distribution and Dry-type transformers ( 3150 kVA) with high voltage winding
above 1.1 kV up to and up to 36 kV
bb Medium power and Large power transformers > 3150 kVA and higher than 36 kV
(limited to 10 MVA 36 kV for Dry-type Transformers).
Special transformers are not impacted by this regulation (please refer to restriction
list for details).

What are the losses levels authorized?

For Oil Distribution and Dry-type transformers ( 3150 kVA):
bb Losses levels to be applied (reference of MV 24 kV and LV 1.1 kV).

Maximum Loss Levels Rated power Tier 1: from 01.07.2015 Tier 2: from 01.07.2021
(Values subject to further validation)
Pole-mounted 25, 50 and 100 kVA AoCk AoBk
160 kVA CoCk+32% Co-10% Ck+32%
200, 250 and 315 kVA CoCk BoBk
ODT 1000 kVA AoCk Ao-10% Ak
> 1000 kVA AoBk
CRT 630 kVA AoBk
> 630 kVA AoAk

bb ODT and CRT not covered by reference transformers:

(additional losses allowed compared to standard losses ranges)

Other requirement Impact on no load losses Impact on load losses

compared to standard losses table compared to standard losses table
MV insulation level 24 kV 10% 10%
LV insulation level > 1.1 kV
MV insulation level = 36 kV 15% 10%
LV insulation level 1.1 kV
MV insulation level = 36 kV 20% 15%
LV insulation level > 1.1 kV
Dual voltage on MV winding and No impact No impact
85% power limitation on higher MV voltage
Dual voltage on MV winding and No impact No impact
85% power limitation on higher LV voltage
Dual voltage on one winding (MV or LV) 15% 10%
and full power on all voltages considered
Dual voltage on both windings (MV and LV) 20% 20%
Transformers with tappings for operation while being energized 20% 5%
(such as Voltage Regulation Distribution Transformers) (reduced to +10% in 01-07-2021)

Ex: ODT 630 kVA, 33 kV - 410 V

max losses to be considered: A0+15% - Ck +10%

NRJED315628EN 29
Technical Information EcoDesign Regulation
EU 548-2014

bb Medium power and power transformers: Level of Peak Efficiency (Mix of load
losses and no load losses) for transformers > 3150 kVA (limited to 10 MVA 36 kV
for Dry-type Transformers)
vv No losses levels imposed but minimum PEI (Peak Efficiency Index)
vv PEI corresponds to:
- the maximum efficiency of the transformer
- Ratio between the no load losses and losses.

2 (P0 + Pc0) P0: No load losses

PEI = 1 - Pk: Load losses
P0 + Pc0
Sr Sr: Rated power
Pk Pc0: Losses of ventilation

Sr (MVA) PEI - T1 (%) PEI - T2 (%)

4 99.465 99.532
5 99.483 99.548
6.3 99.510 99.571
8 99.535 99.593
10 99.56 99.615
12.5 99.588 99.640
16 99.615 99.663
20 99.639 99.684
25 99.657 99.700
31.5 99.671 99.712
40 99.684 99.724
50 99.696 99.734
63 99.709 99.745
80 99.723 99.758
100 99.737 99.770

The values given are Maximal value no more tolerances on design considered:

Measured parameter Before With new regulation

Load losses +15% 0%
No load losses +15% 0%
Total losses +10% 0%

Reduced operation costs and then improved Total Cost of Ownership of the product.

As a global energy efficincy leader Schneider Electric

will support you providing a fully compliant Transformer!

30 NRJED315628EN
Technical Information Total Cost of Ownership
A pragmatic way to choose
the right transformer

When purchasing a transformer and even more when comparing two different
solutions, the right choice is driven by economical analysis of the equipments.
Total Cost of Ownership, giving transformers cost of use along their lifespan
including purchasing, operating and maintaining costs.
Basically some simplification can be done when comparing two different
transformers with the same technology: installation, maintenance and
decommissioning will generate the same cost levels and then be put out
of the comparison.
The calculation has to take into consideration the evolution of the cost of energy
during transformer lifespan. This is the interest rate to be considered as given below.

The simplified calculation formula of the Total cost of ownership becomes

the following:
Total Cost of Ownership = Purchasing Price + No Load Losses Cost + Load Losses Cost
With:
NoLoadLossesCost: NLLC = (1+i)^n -1 / i(1+i)^n * C * Time
LoadLossesCost: LLC = (1+i)^n -1 / i(1+i)^n * C * Time *Load factor

Where:
i: interest rate [%/year]
n: lifetime [years]
C: kWh price [USD/kWh]
Time: number of hours in a year [h/year] = 8760
Load factor: average load of the transformer during its life time

Total Cost of Ownership calculation is a key to consider

perating costs when purchasing a new Transformer.
Visit our TCO online tool for more details!

NRJED315628EN 31
 Schneider Electric Industries SAS - All rights reserved

Schneider Electric Industries SAS

35, rue Joseph Monier As standards, specifications and designs change from
CS 30323 time to time, please ask for confirmation of the information
92506 Rueil Malmaison Cedex given in this publication.
France
RCS Nanterre 954 503 439 Design, publication: Schneider Electric Industries SAS This document has been
Capital social 896 313 776 Photos: Schneider Electric Industries SAS, Fotolia printed on ecological paper

www.schneider-electric.com Printing:

NRJED315628EN 01/2015