Kandhal Lecture 8 On Quality Control and Quality Assurance in Bituminous Construction (Handouts)
Kandhal Lecture 8 On Quality Control and Quality Assurance in Bituminous Construction (Handouts)
Kandhal Lecture 8 On Quality Control and Quality Assurance in Bituminous Construction (Handouts)
Topics
Quality Assurance (QA) in Introduction of Quality Control and Quality
Bituminous Road Construction Assurance (QC/QA) Concepts
Testing Components of Asphalt Mix
By Testing Asphalt Mix (Composition; Volumetrics;
Prof. Prithvi Singh Kandhal Mix Strength)
Testing Roadway Density
Associate Director Emeritus
Quality Control by Contractor
National Center for Asphalt Technology
Quality Assurance by Owner (PWL and Pay Factors)
Auburn University, Alabama USA
[email protected]
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1
Centrifuge Extraction Test
Testing Mix Component - Binder Testing Mix Composition
Viscosity Graded Bitumen (IS:73) Bitumen Content (Design +/- 0.3 %)
- Viscosity at 60 C and 135 C - Centrifuge Extraction Method
- Penetration at 25 C - Ignition Oven Method Ash Correction
- Flash point
- Solubility
Gradation of Extracted Aggregate (Job-mix
- Softening point Formula Gradation +/- Specified
- TFO Residue (Viscosity Ratio and Tolerances)
Ductility)
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Thermolyne
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13 Kandhal 14 Kandhal 15
2
Marshall Stability and Flow Test Checking Density With
60oC
40 Minutes in Asphalt Mix Roadway Density Nuclear Gauge
Water Bath
50mm/min Proving Measured by Nuclear Gauge
Loading Rate Ring
Stability = Measured by Cores
Flowmeter
Maximum Load Permissible In-place Air Voids: 8 % Max.
Flow =
Deformation at Breaking
Head
Maximum Load
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25 Kandhal 8-34
26 Kandhal
Sample Number 27
3
Quality Assurance by Owner Sampling location
Quality assurance based on LOTS Sampling mix from trucks leaving asphalt
LOT Generally one days production LOT plant (based on time or tonnage)
SUBLOTS Generally 5 sublots in a lot Sampling loose mix behind the paver at
Stratified random sampling plan is preferred predetermined random locations
Use random numbers from table Obtain cores after compaction for checking
Sublot 1 Sublot 2 Sublot 3 Sublot 4 Sublot 5 mat density at random locations
Loose HMA
Bitumen content
Laboratory air voids in Marshall specimens
Field air voids in compacted mat
4
Bitumen Contents of 5 Sublots STATISTICS Statistical Tools
Bitumen Content as per Job Mix Formula Measures of Variability
6.1 +/- 0.4 % (Range of 5.7 to 6.5 %)
A tool for helping to make
informed decisions and Percent Within Limits (PWL)
Bitumen Contents in 5 sublots: resolve disputes.
6.0, 5.6, 6.2, 5.8, 6.1 Pay Factors
No. of Samples
X = 96.0
S = 2.0
Percent Within Limits (PWL)
-3s -2s - 1s 1s 2s 3s
68%
96% 90 92 95 100
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99.7%
PWL
Bitumen contentKandhal
% 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.8 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.8
43 Kandhal 44 Kandhal 45
Bitumen Content Bitumen Content
5
Payment Based on PWL
Small number of test results outside the PWL Pay Factors
specification limits is normal and not
necessarily detrimental to performance What if the contractor disputes
96-100 105
Payment is based on PWL and allows for both agencys test results ?
90-95 PWL + 10
potential penalty or bonus
60-89 0.5 PWL + 55
Commonly requires 90% PWL for full Retesting can be conducted in
payment Below 60 Reject presence of the contractor
>90% giving bonus
<90% gives reduction in payment
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RETEST
Bitumen contents in sublots
1 2 3 4 5
Original 6.0 5.6 6.2 5.8 6.1
Retest 6.1 5.4 6.4 5.7 6.1
Questions
does it all
make
sense?
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