Scribd
Upload
35 views

22 Manning J

This document discusses acoustic testing procedures for fairings and payloads during launch vehicle liftoff. It notes that acoustic levels within fairings are most severe shortly after liftoff, while outside levels peak at transonic conditions. Reverberant chambers provide repeatable, diffuse testing but don't replicate the directivity of liftoff. The response of structures depends on how modes are excited, with diffuse fields exciting more modes than progressive waves. Flight data on acoustic directivity is needed to correctly predict in-flight noise reduction performance from ground tests.

Uploaded by

luismcmc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

22 Manning J

This document discusses acoustic testing procedures for fairings and payloads during launch vehicle liftoff. It notes that acoustic levels within fairings are most severe shortly after liftoff, while outside levels peak at transonic conditions. Reverberant chambers provide repeatable, diffuse testing but don't replicate the directivity of liftoff. The response of structures depends on how modes are excited, with diffuse fields exciting more modes than progressive waves. Flight data on acoustic directivity is needed to correctly predict in-flight noise reduction performance from ground tests.

Uploaded by

luismcmc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Fairing Noise Reduction

for Directive Acoustic Fields


by
Jerry Manning
Cambridge Collaborative, Inc.

presented at
Spacecraft & Launch Vehicle Dynamic
Environments Workshop
The Aerospace Corporation
June 27, 2001
6/26/01 2

Launch Vehicle Acoustic Environments

Liftoff
Transonic
Max-q

Acoustic levels within the


fairing are generally most
severe shortly after liftoff.
Acoustic levels outside the
faring are generally most
severe at and near transonic
conditions.
6/26/01 3

Acoustic Test Procedures

Reverberant Chamber
! Test levels can be set with high accuracy
! Test is repeatable
! Acoustic field is diffuse sound waves are
incident from all directions
Progressive Wave
! Higher levels can be achieved
! Sound waves incident from one direction -
grazing
6/26/01 4

Acoustic Test Specifications

Specifications for acoustic spectra are meet with


great accuracy using todays test chambers.

Specifications for spatial cross-correlation (or


wavenumber spectra) are given less attention
testing in a reverberant chamber may be required.

When testing is conducted to determine fairing


noise reduction performance, the directivity of the
liftoff acoustic field should be considered.
6/26/01 5

Payload Space Acoustic Levels

The chamber
acoustic test levels
were set to equal Test
the liftoff flight
levels external to
the fairing. Flight

5 dB Ring
frequency

10 100 1000 10000


Frequency - Hz
6/26/01 6

Flight/Test Differences

Differences between the fairing noise reduction


measured in a test chamber and measured in flight
are attributed to the differences in the directivity of
the acoustic field during liftoff.
6/26/01 7

Modal Response

The response of a single mode can be determined


theoretically
2
Wn ( f ) = Hn ( f ) dx dx' Wp ( x, x' , f ) n ( x ) n ( x' )

frequency response cross-spectrum of the mode


function for the mode acoustic field shape

Unfortunately, the cross-spectrum for the flight


environment is not known so that engineering
judgment must be used in evaluating the modal
response.
6/26/01 8

Modal Response - Wavenumber

The response of a single mode can also be


determined from the wavenumber spectrum
2 ~ 2
Wn ( f ) = Hn ( f ) dk Wp (k, f ) n (k )

frequency response wavenumber Fourier


function for the mode spectrum of the transform
acoustic field of the
mode
shape
6/26/01 9

Modes in Wavenumber Space



Each mode is a point in
wavenumber space

ky
2
kx =
x
Ly 2
ky =
y


kx
Lx
6/26/01 10

Classification of Resonant Modes


Resonant mode

Non-Resonant mass-law mode


Non-Resonant stiffness-law mode
ky

stiffness
resonant

mass-law

kx
6/26/01 11

Excitation of Modes by a Diffuse Field


Resonant mode

Non-Resonant mass-law mode


Non-Resonant stiffness-law mode
ky

stiffness
resonant

mass-law

Modes excited by a diffuse field kx


6/26/01 12

Excitation of Modes by a Progressive Wave

Resonant mode

Non-Resonant mass-law mode


Non-Resonant stiffness-law mode
ky

stiffness
resonant

mass-law

Modes excited by a kx
progressive wave
6/26/01 13

Excitation of Modes by a Semi-Diffuse Field

Resonant mode

Non-Resonant mass-law mode


Non-Resonant stiffness-law mode
ky

stiffness
resonant

mass-law

Modes excited by a semi-diffuse field kx


6/26/01 14

Conclusions

Flight measurements of the cross-spectrum of the


liftoff acoustic field are needed.

Measurements of fairing noise reduction obtained


in a test chamber must be corrected to obtain
flight predictions.

Noise mitigation methods should take into


account the directivity of the excitation.

You might also like