MSG - Fermenter
MSG - Fermenter
MSG - Fermenter
IDENTIFICATION
Name of Equipment Fermenter
Equipment Code J-4
Type Stirred Bioreactor (Aerobic)
Mode of Operation Batch
Number of Units 8 units
Fermentation Time 36hours
Function To produce Glutamic Acid using
Corynebacterium Glutamicum
BASIC DESIGN DATA
Materials Handled Glucose, Water, Inoculum, Aqueous NH3
Density 1,037.73 kg/m3
Viscosity 1.22 x 10-3 kg/m3
Maximum Temperature 30
Pressure 1.00 atm
VESSEL DESIGN
Material of Construction SS316
Volume per unit 17 m3
Height 4.25 m
Diameter 2.4 m
Shell Thickness 6 mm
Head Thickness 6 mm
Bottom Thickness 6 mm
Head Type Ellipsoidal Head
Weld Type Single-butt welded joints
Welding Efficiency 0.6
IMPELLER DESIGN
Impeller Type Rushton Impeller (6-Disk flat blades)
Number of Impellers 3
Impeller Diameter 0.8 m
Impeller Height 0.16 m
Impeller Width 0.2 m
Impeller Clearance at the Bottom 0.8 m
Number of Baffles 4
Width of Baffles 0.234 m
Distance between Impellers 1.2 m
Speed of Rotation 42.67 rpm
Power Requirement 2 hp
HEATING SYSTEM DESIGN
Area of Jacket 6 m2
Height of Jacket 2m
Diameter of Jacket 5m
Material of Construction SS 316
Thickness of Jacket 7 mm
Heating Medium Hot Water
Heating Temperature 80
ILLUSTRATION:
II. LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS
3. Height of liquid to Diameter of the tank ratio is 1.5 for stability purposes.
4. 20% of the total volume of feed is allotted as an allowance for vapor space.
8. Assume maximum time for charge feed to the reactor, heat to reaction temp, and empty
Kinetics of Reaction
=
+
Where:
= residence time,
max= 0.21
Ks = 0.8
Vessel Design
Volume of Vessel
VT = 1.2 VFEED
Vessel Diameter and Height (Ref: Fermentation Processes Engineering in the Food
Industry)
ratio = 1 2
P = Patm + Hliquid
Working Stress, Sw
Sw =
(Ref: ASME vessel design from Peters and Timmerhaus, Table 12-10 p. 555)
Shell Thickness
(Ref: ASME vessel design from cylindrical shell from Peter and Timmerhaus, Table 12-10 p.
554)
= +
0.6
Limiting conditions:
0.385
2
Head Thickness
(Ref: ASME vessel design from ellipsoidal head from Peter and Timmerhaus, Table 12-10 p.
554)
= +
2 0.20
Limiting conditions:
t 0.356 or P 0.665S
Impeller Design
(Ref: Pressure Design Vessel Manual, pp. 329 and Lee, James E. (2009) Biochemical
Engineering)
Impeller Diameter
1
Dimpeller = 3 Dvessel
Impeller Height
1
Dimpeller = 3 Dvessel
Impeller Width
Width = 0.25Dimpeller
Baffle Width
1
Width = 10Dvessel
= ( ) + ()
Where:
AW = 2.41 x 10-3
BW = 1774.9 K
2
AG = 8.65 x 10-10
BG = 2,502.0 K
CG = Glucose concentration, 3
T = Fermenter temperature, K
2
Re =
P = kL n23 or P = kT n35
Agitation Scale-up
2
2 = 1 ( )3
= ( )
= 4 (2 2 ) ( )
Where:
CpSteel = 0.12 cal/g- = 0.50 kJ/kg K(Ref: ChE Handbook 8th edition, Table 2-176)
QTotal = +
QUnit =
Area of Jacket
Where:
(Ref: Table 7.6 p.386 Chemical Process Engg. Design Economics by Silla)
U = 428.632
Amount of Hot Water Needed
=
Volume of Hot Water Handled by Jacket per unit
VHOT WATER PER UNIT=
Diameter of Jacket
AJ= = (2
2
)
4
Height of Jacket
Thickness of Jacket
= +
0.6
Where:
VESSEL DESIGN
Average Density
133,586.7
=
128.73 3
= 1,037.73 3 = 64.78 3
Kinetics of Reaction:
=
+
0.21
max =
Ks = 0.8
12,542.05
Cs = = = 97.43
128.73 3
0.21
97.43 .
= =
0.8 +97.43
Reaction Rate
Reaction:
= 0.2113
= 0.70
Cx = 0.47 g/L (Biomass Concentration)
= =
= reaction rate = 0.32
,
= = (Ref: Lee, James E. (2009) Biochemical Engineering)
Where:
Solving for :
11.27 /
= = = 35.22 hr 36 hrs
0.32
Batch Process:
1 batch (tB) = tR + tF + tH + tE
0.2083 3
F = V = (128.73 m3) = 26.81
Vessel Capacity
1000
Vtank = 154.48 m3 x = 154,480L
13
From Brochure:
Volume = 19,800 L
Diameter =2.4 m
Height = 4.25 m
154,480
Number of Units = = 7.80 units 8 units
19,800
1 1
Vfeed per unit = 128.73 m3 x 1 x = 16.09 m317 m3 = 568 ft3
8
1 1
Vtank per unit = 154.48m3 x 1 x = 19.32 m3 20 m3 = 682 ft3
8
Htank = 4.25 m = 14 ft
P = Patm + Hliquid
1 2 32.2
2
P = 14.7 psi + (64.78 3 ) (11.81 ft x 2
)( )
144 32.2 2
P = 20 psi (1.36atm)
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
(Ref: ASME vessel design from Peters and Timmerhaus, Table 12-10 p. 555)
SHELL THICKNESS
= +
0.6
Where:
Cc = 1/8 in, corrosion allowance(Ref: Plant Design and Economics for Chemical
(20 )(47.23 ) 1
= (18,695.36 + in
)(0.60)0.6(20 ) 8
t = 0.21 in = 5.33 mm 6 mm
45.28
Limiting conditions, ; 0.202
2 2
HEAD THICKNESS
= +
2 0.20
Limiting conditions:
t 0.356 or P 0.665S
Where:
= +
2 0.20
(20 )(94.88 ) 1
= + in
2(18,695.36 )(0.60)0.2(20 ) 8
t = 0.21 in = 5.33 mm 6 mm
BOTTOM THICKNESS
tB= th = 0.21 in = 6 mm
IMPELLER DESIGN
(Ref: Pressure Design Vessel Manual, pp. 329 and Lee, James E. (2009) Biochemical
Engineering)
Impeller Diameter
1 1
Dimpeller = 3Dvessel= (2.4 m) = 0.8 m
3
Impeller Height
Impeller Width
Width = 0.25Dimpeller
Baffle Width
1
Width = 10Dvessel
1
Width = 10 (2.4 m) = 0.24 m
1
Distance = 3(2.4 m) = 0.8 m
= ( ) + ()
Where:
AW = 2.41 x 10-3
BW = 1774.9 K
2
AG = 8.65 x 10-10
BG = 2,502.0 K
CG = Glucose concentration, 3
T = Fermenter temperature, K
1774.9
( ) 2,502
= (2.41 x 10-3 ) 28+273 + (97,427 )(8.65 x 1010 )
3 2 28+273
1
= 1.22 x 1000 = 1.22 x 10-3
2
Re =
(180 )(1 60 ) (0.8)2 (1,037.73 )
3
Re =
1.22103
Re = 1.63 x 106turbulent
2
2 = 1 ( )3
0.277 2
2 = (180 )( )3
2.4
2 = 42.67 rpm
In baffled tanks and if NRe> 10,000, then Np = KT
(Ref: Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering by McCabe and Smith 6th edition, p.256-260)
3
P = KT n35 = 5.75 [(42.67 )(160)] (0.8)5 (1,037.73 3 )
P = 703.26 W = 0.94 hp
703.26
Pactual = =
0.80
= -44,353,165.82 kJ
= ( )
= 4 (2 2 ) ( )
Where:
Di = 2.4 m
Do = 2.412 m
Hv = 4.25 m
S.G.Steel = 7.83 (Ref: ChE Handbook 8th edition, Table 2-120)
CpSteel = 0.12 cal/g- = 0.50 kJ/kg K(Ref: ChE Handbook 8th edition, Table 2-176)
= 4 ((2.412)2 (2.4)2 )(4.25 ) (7.83 1000 3) (0.50
)(30 26)
= 3,018.40kJ
QTotal = +
1000 J
QT 44,356,184.22 kJ x
1 kJ
QUnit = = 3600 s = -42,781.81 J/s = -42,781.81 W
Fermentation Time 8 units (36 hrs) x
1 hr
25 30 80 27.5
(Ref: Table 7.6 p.386 Chemical Process Engg. Design Economics by Silla)
U = 428.632
Q |42,781.81 W|
Aj = =
UTLM (428.63 W )(16.98)
m2 K
AJ = 5.88m2 62
3600 42
|42.78| ( )( 1 )
1
= =
4.184 (300.65 353.15 )
= 29,447.04 kg 29,448 kg/unit
3
VHOT WATER PER UNIT= 29,448 x
1,000
29.45 3
VHOT WATER PER UNIT=
Diameter of Jacket
AJ= = (2
2
)
4
3
29.45 2
= ( 2.4122 )
3.6 4
Djacket = 4.03 m 5m
Height of Jacket
Thickness of Jacket
= +
0.6
Where:
12.04
rI = 2= 2 = 6.02 ft = 72.23 in
(20 )(72.23 ) 1
= (18,695.36 + in
)(0.60)0.6(20 ) 8
t = 0.25 in = 6.45 mm 7 mm