Burger Slurry Hybrid Large Tbms
Burger Slurry Hybrid Large Tbms
Burger Slurry Hybrid Large Tbms
Hydraulic Hydraulic
transport circuit transport circuit
Screw conveyor
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Design Pressure
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (seconds) 6
Bentonite Slurry
Mixing Plant Treatment
Plant Muck
Compressed Discharge
Air Plant
Discharge Line
Feed Line
Compressed
TBM Air
Regulation Slurry Circuit
P
slurry soil slurry soil
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1. open single shield for stable and usually non water-bearing ground conditions
with excavation under atmospheric pressure and dry muck removal with belt
conveyor
2. closed earth pressure balance machine (EPBM) for fine-grained and usually
unstable and water-bearing soils with excavation under controlled positive face
support pressure and thick-matter-type muck removal from the excavation
chamber with screw conveyor
3. closed slurry machine (STBM) for coarse-grained and usually unstable and
water-bearing soils with excavation under controlled positive face support
pressure and muck removal from the excavation chamber with slurry circuit and
above ground slurry treatment plant
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Open Mode
Conversion
integrated
modular
Closed Mode
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Open Mode
- stable face conditions
- atmospheric excavation chamber
- rapid chamber isolation possible (discharge gate)
- muck pile in chamber required (cutterhead wear)
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Open Mode
- Screw conveyor in retracted position (limited capacity)
- Center belt and muck hopper in forward position, rotary removed
- Cutterhead muck transport channels installed
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Screw conveyor and center belt / muck hopper for primary mucking system
Approx. four days required for open closed mode change
Two short closed mode sections along the alignment (approx. 5%)
Very high rock/soil abrasivity 24
Open Mode
- Submerged wall gate closed
- Center belt and muck hopper in forward position
- Closing / Mode change within 2 - 4 hours
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Slurry circuit and center belt / muck hopper for primary mucking system
Approx. one week required for open closed mode change
10% of the tunnel length in closed slurry mode at the end of the drive for Limmat river
crossing (transition from molasse rock in gravely material)
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Common modules for not system specific functions (e.g. ring erection, cutterhead
drive, air lock systems)
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Transformation between EPB face support and slurry face support in the tunnel
without the need of modification or chamber intervention
Full size and quality face support systems for EPB and slurry operation
Safe and fully controlled conditions for face support during mode change
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Thewes 2010
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Required air pressure for various shield diameters and different levels of chamber fill level for
face access
Deeper tunnel alignment (increased soil overburden) for larger diameter required for safe
face access
Higher face pressure required for safe chamber access
Increased effort for chamber preparation works (temporary platforms etc.) for cutter head /
cutter maintenance
Increased need for implementation of high pressure chamber access technology and non
exposure maintenance features for large diameter TBMs
Preparation for high pressure compressed air work
Accessible cutter head, atmospheric cutter change at 12 bar face pressure (Istanbul Strait
Crossing Project)
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40 m/min for Soft Ground TBM 25 mm/rev for Soft Ground TBM
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Multiple tool per track at outer face and periphery positions can compensate tool penetration
limits
Center area with only single tool per track due to space restrictions as decisive factor
Mixed face conditions of rock soft ground combine low rock penetration limits with low soft
ground speed limitation limits
Concentric dual cutter head concept for higher center cutter speed
Higher center tool speed, better center mixing dynamics
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15,4 m EPB for M30 Project in Madrid with concentric dual cutterhead
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JSCI Standards*
EPB TBM: = 10 25
T = cutter torque
D = outer diameter of shield machine
= torque factor
Larger diameter bearings and drive cartridges require split multi piece designs for handling
and transportation
Adjacent structures of the TBM like cutter head, cutter head support and shield structure
have to address the possible extreme operational loads
Real site experience suggest increased gap between EPB and Slurry TBM torque
requirements at larger diameters
Besides increased power smart concepts are required for very large diameter
Increased importance of muck conditioning for EPB operations
Increased importance of chamber muck flow for Slurry and EPB operations
Increased importance of bentonite distribution and flushing systems for slurry TBMs
TBM data processing systems to support the optimization of the operational parameters
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14,4 m EPB Auckland Waterview Project, second tunnel - typical power demand for
excavation ring build cycles with optimized operation parameters
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