Catalogue of Bethlehem Structural Shapes 1911
Catalogue of Bethlehem Structural Shapes 1911
Catalogue of Bethlehem Structural Shapes 1911
13/
BETHLEHEM
STRUOTURAL SHAPES
MANUFACTURED BY
GENERAL OFFICES,
At the Works, Sout h Beth lehem, Pa.
NO T IC E.
January, 191 I .
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 3
PR E FAC E.
BETHLEHEM
S T Rue T U R A L S HAP E S .
30" I Beam:
Web, 66,550 39,960 25.6% 50.6%
Flange, 63,190 37,200 26.2 " 51.5 "
Root, 64,480 38,880 26.3 " 49.8 "
14" H Column:
Web, 63,670 39,590 32.5% 55.2%
Flange, 61,740 38,180 31.2 " 59.9 "
Root, 63,520 37,900 28.2 " 54.6 "
6 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
BETHLEHEM Z BEAMS.
Bethlehem I Beams from 8 inches to 24 inches in depth, in-
clusive, have the same strength, or section modulus and coefficient
of strength, as Star.dard beams of the same depth. Bethlehem
beams, due to the scientific proportion of the sections, weigh
generally 10 per cent. less than Standard beams of the same
depth and strength. For example, a Bethlehem 15-inch I Beam,
weighing 54 Ibs. per foot, has a coefficient of strength of 867,000.
The corr('~ponding Standard section is a 15-inch I beam weighing
60 Ibs. per foot, having a coefficient of strength of 866,100. There-
fore, for equal strength, the Bethlehem beam weighs 6 Ibs. per
foot less than the Standard beam, or a saving of 10 per cent. in
weight.
Similar comparisons with other sizes of the Standard beams
previously rolled by the mills of this country will show that the
Bethlehem I beams afford an equal carrying capacity, but with
practically 10 per cent. less weight of metal.
The table of "Comparison of Bethlehem I Beams with
Standard I Beams," on page 41, shows the relation between the
two types of beams for all sizes.
girder beam, besides the saving in the cost of assembling the Stand-
ard beams into a girder.
'.Che table of "Comparison of Bethlehem Girder Beams with
Girders of Standard Beams," on page 40, shows the relation be-
tween the two types of beams.
The tables on pages 40 and 41 furnish a key for the comparison
of Bethlehem I beams and girder beams with Standard beams.
A framing plan for Standard beam shapes may be easily revised for
the use of Bethlehem beam sections. In general, no rearrangement
of the plan will be necessary and no recalculation will be re-
quired, except to select the proper Bethlehem sections which are
equivalent in strength to the Standard beams and girders.
EXPLANATORY NOTES.
The flanges of Bethlehem I beams and girder beams have
a uniform slope of 9 per cent. The flanges of the H column
sections have a uniform slope of 2 per cent.
Bethlehem I beams and girder beams are increased, as shown
in Fig. 1, by spreading the main rolls, which adds an equal
amount to the thickness of the web and to the width of the flanges,
all other dimensions remaining unchanged.
H column sections are increased, as shown in Fig. 2, by
spreading both sets of rolls; the thickness of the web an<;l the
width of the flanges are increased equally, the thickness of the
flanges being increased a proportionate amount.
Weights tabulated for Bethlehem I beams provide sufficient
variations for ordinary purposes. Only the minimum weights
are tabulated for the girder beams. Intermediate or heavier
weights, corresponding to the usual variations of Standard beams,
may be furnished by special arrangement. The H column sec-
tions are rolled only to the weights given in the tables.
The se::tiong are numbered throughout the tables for con-
venience in identification and ordering.
Shapes will be cut to ordered length within an allowable
v:Lriation either way, as follows: BethleheI)1 I beams 'from
8" to 24", inclusive, within Ys inch; all other sections, within
Yz inch. For cutting _with less variation, or to exact length, an
extra price is charged.
Sections are furnished only at catalog weight. Shapes may
have an allowable variation of 2Yz % from nominal section.
fJG.2
,
F'/ G. I
-~
10 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
G30 a
,. 200 Lbs.
0.75
G 30
180
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 11
G 28a
180 Lbs.
0.69"
'co
r
I
I
I G28
I
I
I
165 Lbs.
I 0.66"
I
I
I
I
I
,I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
12 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY .
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I G 26 a
~l
160 Lbs.
1I
I G26
I
I 160 Lbs.
I
I
"
0. 63
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
" I
j<---5.685--~
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 13
I " I
1+---- - - ------1-2.00 ----------- ---'>1
I
G24a
140 Lbs.
0.e6'
G24
120 Lbs. 0.53'
~'" ....
~~.,..d
==""I-r
14 BET II L E HEM S TEE Leo M PAN Y.
G20a
140 Lbs.
0.64
G20
112 Lbs.
I
I
I
I
I
!
'g
N
TI
65
!
i
---.--------------------2~-------------------
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 15
-,,-
I
G 18
,, 92 Lbs.
I
~:i;
i
I ~
:
I
I
I
~~ I
::f_
:: 060"
I
I
,
I
I
I
:
I
I - - - -- - "
--------------18 -------------------fi!~
I
I
.2L
-:I:
, G 15 b
I
i 140 Lbs.
I
:
i,
I
,on,,
'":
16 BETHLEHEM S TEEL C OMPANY.
1im-.--.----.-~-----_15~------------
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 17
G 12a
70 Lbs.
-------12:--------.--I~
_~.j!4~(
rI G 12 " --r
I
I I
I 65 Lbs. ~enI
I
l''"I
I
I
I
, I I
;e _:I:.
orI
I
I
I -----------1-2:..----------
I
I
_L
18 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
r1 G 10
....
0.37
.. ~ -
--:J.-
1
1
44 Lbs. ~l
I
I ~
1 "fI
I 1
~6 0.3\ __ L
0
"i PO.40' i 0.76:3'
I
I
1
I
I - - - --- - - -1 0''-------- -
1
I
-"'-
O.33t
- +' 1<--
-V G9 ---I'
.~
1
I
I 38 Lbs.
I
I
I '!'
0.3~'
I
.~ _.:1_
I
.;
I1
PO.40" T 0.704-"
I
I ------- 9~-----
I
I
_:L
i,
-?~~~
,.--I G8 -;y;-
I
I 32.5 Lbs. >J,
I on
I co
I
<?1
I
'60 0. 29 l' .:.
ai
I
~jO . 40" t 0.642
I
I
I
I
8'-------
I
}--
BET H L E HEM S TEE Leo M PAN Y. 19
BETHLEHEM l: BEAMS.
830
120 Lbs
o.
,.
20 BE THL EHE M STEE L C:OMPANY.
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
I
I I
I I
I
I I
I I
I
II I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I B 28 I B 26
I I
I
105 Lbs. I 90 Lbs.
I I
I I
I I
"
<Xl
0.50 ,.1, o.
'"I f'
I
I
I
I
I I
I I
I
I
I
I
i
I
I
I
I
l
I
II
~----4. 75':---~
I I
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 21
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
(-f--------9.00~------_+!
I ,
0.50
B24a 824
84 L,.bs. 73 and 83 Lbs.
I
.J,. 0.3{
rI
I
I
I
I
I
I
II
II
iI
I
I
I
-~~~---~~
!<:----4.
I "I
S05--~
22 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
I
1+----- -6.ocr-
" .
---~
I I
0.45"
B 20a B 20
72 and 82 Lbs. 59, 64
and
1 69 Lbs.
.1
~
0.818"
~~~~~~~~~~r~
~--3.813!!-~ 0
I ~.4;3"
....
-1:-
,
I B 18
-,f:"
-,
(;,
I
I 48.5, 52, 54 and 59 Lbs. '""7
.! 0.32" : I
:5 _t_
.,:
I
I 0.40" 0.753'
,,1 ---------------18~---------------
,
.L
BE'l' HLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 23
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
816 b
71 Lbs.
0.52
----------15'1 .---------
B 16 a
64 and 64 Lbs.
0.40"
--~ k---
-"I-
I B 16 -.-
,.
I
38,41 and 46 Lbs. ~
I
I
<?
~ 0.29'" I
<0
~=.===~~===~~ 1:_
II
I
0.40" 0.686"
---- --------15"------------
I
_.:t_
r 24 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY .
0.. '
--J>< 1<;-
-r-
,
B 12 a II
-::c
-.n
36 Lbs.
.,b,
I 0>
0>
c:i1
0.31~ __'t:..
'"
.,;
: ; f<"'0.40" t 0.71 ''!'<
!
__'C 1----------- 1 2:'----------
0.33"
-+: 1<--
'-f-
,
B 12
28.5 and 32 Lbs.
-,r
1
I
'"'"
0>
"
C\I 0.25~
c:i
~ 3_
of, P O.35" T 0.594/
,
I
1
I ------ ---- --IZ!-- --- ----
.X_
0.27 "
- -~ i<-
-~-- B 10 - 1--
,, ,.0
23.5 and 28.5 Lbs. co
c-.j
"'"co 0. 25'~ 1
-j'_ .
.p
, [<"0.30" t 0.522C>
,I --- - - - - - -10!'------- -
_'fI __
~
BETllLEIIEM STEEL COMPANY . 25
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
O.?~5f1
-+! !'<.
':f,--
I
B9 -or
1 20 and 24 Lbs. \!,
0>
1
1
0. 25~ ~
~.,; "to
I f.r 0.30" ':', 0.479 'V
I
I
I ---------#------- .
I
.:1__
0.205"
--+! ~---f
,
'1;- B8
~,
1
I
17.6 and 19.6 L bs. 0
,I '"<t
'J, 0.25~
c-I _:f_
op
I
1
f<' 0.30 " T 0.43':"-
I - - - -- - - - 8 2 - - - - - - -
_~L
~
26 llETlILJo~HEM STEEL COMPANY.
'Of
I
-rI
I
I " ----- -
- - ----- ~ L~~--
I
, I
I
~
I .....
I .0
I I
I I
I I
_~L
I
~!
'"'"
-
..,:
1
I
I
I
I
I MAXIMUM
H 14 : SI':CT I ON
287.5 Lbs .
I
I
3_
~
.,; ~-
' 0.60 " 0.755 "
i
I
I
I
M IN IM U M
H 14 1 SI':C T ION
83.5 Lbs.
I
I
_...:1-
BETllLEllEM S TEEL COMPANY. 27
--r I
- - -- - - -13.50',-'------ -
1.327"
-~ ~-
I I
-------11.50!!-----...HI.'I
MAXIMUM
SECTION
0.514"
--~ ~-
-j;- -;t;-
I
I
I -----9.875'!.----
~
g
I
I ....
I 0.36'( :
~I
en ~~~~~~~ L
t-
O>
0.399"
--.,.fI,t.E--
--"'-
,I
I - - - - 7.875'L-- -
I
I
:5
<Xi
i 0.476"
I
I
MINIMUM
H81 32.0 Lbs
__L SECTION
30 BET HLEHEM STEE L COMPANY.
16,000 lbs. are generally used; but when moving loads are
to be supported, coefficients for smaller fiber stresses should be
used.
These coefficients of strength afford a simple means of finding
the safe uniformly distributed load for any beam. Divide the
coefficient, given for the beam, by the length of the span in feet.
The quotient is the safe uniformly distributed load in pounds,
including the weight of the beam.
To select a beam to support a given load on a given span,
find the coefficient of strength required and refer to the tables
for a beam having a coefficient of that value. The coefficient
required is found by multiplying the uniformly distributed load
in pounds by the span in feet.
If the load is concentrated at tne center of the span, the safe
load is one-half the safe uniformly distributed load for the same
span. To select a beam for supporting a load concentrated at
the center of the span, multiply the given load by 2 and consider
the result as a uniform load.
If the load is not uniformly distributed or not con.c cntrated
at the center of span, the bending moment must be employed.
The moment of resistance of the beam, in foot-lbs., must be
equal to the bending moment of the loading in foot-Ibs. Moments
of resistance, in foot-Ibs., for Bethlehem beams and girder beams
are given on pages 38- 39.
In selecting the proper beam required to support a given
leading, the section modulus may also be used. The section
modulus required is found by dividing the bending moment of
the loading, in inch-lbs., by the allowable fiber stress in lbs. per
square inch.
The maximum fiber stress, in lbs. per square inch, in a beam
supporting a given loading is found by dividing the bending
moment produced by the loading, in inch-lbs., by the section
modulus of the beam.
In the case of very short spans, or of heavy concentrated
loads, the crippling strength of the web may limit the safe allow-
able load on a beam, or dete~mine the selection of a beam for
supporting a given loading. The tables give the maximum safe
shear on the webs, calculated by the customary formula for that
purpose, as explained on pages 66- 67.
32 B ETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
TI
1'--_."9 '- - -0:
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF
I
i
o w BETHLEHEM
L N!~'
GIRDER BEAMS.
DIIiENSIONS, IN INCHES.
Weight
S.,ti,n per fl&nge Thiokness.
Web
~id~~
Depth. Thick JlAdius of
Number. 'oo~ rillet.
Pounds. ness. At Edge. At Rool
0 B W M N R
- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -
G30a 200.0 30 15.00 .750 0.950 1.591 .90
G30 180.0 30 13.00 .690 1.035 1.589 .90
G28a 180.0 28 14.35 .690 0.920 1.535 .85
G28 165.0 28 12.50 .660 1.000 1.533 .85
G26a 160.0 26 13.60 .630 0.885 1.469 .80
G26 150.0 26 12.00 .630 0.955 1.469 .80
G24a 140.0 24 13.00 .600 0.800 1.358 .70
G24 120.0 24 12.00 .530 0.730 1.246 .70
G20a 140.0 20 12.50 .640 0.930 1.464 .7!5
G20 112.0 20 12.00 .550 0.695 1.210 .65
GI8 92.0 18 11.50 0480 0.590 1.087 .60
G15 b 140.0 15 11.75 .800 1.090 1.583 .95
GI5 a 104.0 15 11.25 .600 0.770 1.249 .75
GI5 73.0 15 10.50 0430 0.520 0.974 .55
G12 a 70.0 12 10.00 0460 0.575 1.004 .55
GI2 55.0 12 9.75 .370 00415 0.837 045
GIO 44.0 10 9.00 .310 0.370 0.763 040
G9 38.0 9 8.50 .300 0.335 0.704 040
G8 32.5 8 8.00 .290 0.295 0.642 040
~
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
~-'B-~
~-- .i 'I
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS. w
" o
I
M; N 1
DlIIENSJONS. IN INCHES.
Weight
Seclion perF",,!, Web Flange Thiokness. RadillB of
Number. Pounds.
Depth. ~idL~~ Thi,kn'ss.
AI Edge. AI R",,~
Fillel.
D B W M N R
-----
B3D 120.0 30 10.500 .540 .735 1.183 .65
E28 105.0 28 10.000 .500 .675 1.102 .60
B26 90.0 26 9.500 .460 .600 1.007 .55
B24a 84.0 24 9.250 .460 .585 .980 .55
83.0 24 9.130 .520 .510 .897 .50
B24
73.0 24 9.000 .390 .510 .897 .50
82.0 20 8.890 .570 .580 .955 .55
B2Da 8.750 .430
72.0 20 .580 .955 .55
69.0 20 8.145 .520 .475 .818 .45
B20 64.0 20 8.075 .450 .475 .818 .45
59.0 20 8.000 .375 .475 .818 .45
59.0 18 7.675 .495 .430 .753 .40
54.0 18 7.590 .410 .430 .753 .40
Bl8
52.0 18 7.555 .375 .430 .753 .40
48.5 18 7.500 .320 .430 .753 .40
B15b 71.0 15 7.500 .520 .785 1.099 .60
ElSa 64.0 15 7.195 .605 .590 .887 .50
54.0 15 7.000 .410 .590 .887 .50
46.0 15 6.810 .440 .400 .686 .40
El5 41.0 15 6.710 .340 .400 .686 .40
38.0 15 6.660 .290 .400 .686 .40
E12a 36.0 12 6.300 .310 .440 .710 .40
B12 32.0 12 6.205 .335 .330 .594 .35
28.5 12 6.120 .250 .330 .594 .35
28.5 10 5.990 .390 .270 .522 .30
ElO 23.5 5.850
10 .250 .270 .522 .30
24.0 9 5.555 .365 .245 .479 .30
EO
20.0 9 5.440 .250 .245 .479 .30
19.5 8 5.325 .325 .205 .430 .30
B8 17.5 5.250
8 .250 .205 .430 .30
~
S4 BE THLEHEM STEEL COMPANY .
!
PROPERTIES OF
PROPERTIES OF
PROPERTIES OF
BETHLEHEM l: BEAMS .
L'
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 37
PROPERTIES OF
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
JlEUTRJ.L illS COlJl-
comWIEIITS 0' STRIIIGTIl CIDEJIT WITH CEJI-
IIAximum TER UJIII 0' WEll.
We Shear
For Fiber Stress Add for For Fiber Stress Addfor on Web, Moment Radius Section
of 16,000 Lbs. each Lb. of 12,500 Lbs. each Lb. Jlumber.
per Sqll&re Inch Increa.sa per SqU&re Inch in of of
Increase Inertia.. Gyration.
for Buildings. in Weight for Moving Loads. in Weight Pounds.
C ofBeam. C' of Beam. I' r'
- - - - -- - - -- --
3,726,000 15690 2,910,900 12270 103,800 165.0 2.16 B30
3,058,400 14640 2,389,300 11450 89,000 131.5 2.06 B28
2,442,800 13600 1,908,500 10630 75,300 101.2 1.95 B26
2,117,300 12550 1,654,100 9820 75,100 91.1 1.92 B24a
1,991,900 12550 1,556,200 9820 93,100 78.0 1.78 B24
1,858,700 12550 1,452,100 9820 54,000 74.4 1.86
1,663,800 10460 1,299,800 8180 102,400 79.9 1.82 B20a
1,564,300 10460 1,222,100 8180 64,900 75.9 1.88
1,353,500 10460 1,057,400 8180 88,200 51.2 1.59
1.303,600 10460 1,018,500 8180 69,400 49.8 1.62 B20
1,250,300 10460 976,800 8180 50,000 48.3 1.66
1,046,900 9410 817,900 7360 78.000 39.1 1.50
997,900 9410 779,600 7360 57,500 37.7 1.54 B18
977,700 9410 763,900 7360 49,200 37.1 1.56
946,100 9410 739,100 7360 36,700 36.2 1.59
1,132,400 7840 884,700 6140 77,900 61.3 1.71 B15b
945,600 7840 738,700 6140 93,900 41.9 1.49 B15 a
867,600 7840 677,800 6140 54,800 38.3 1.55
689,500 7840 538,600 6140 60,000 25.2 1.35
649,400 7840 507,400 6140 39,900 24.0 1.41 B15
629,500 7840 491,800 6140 30,100 23.4 1.44
478,600 6280 373,900 4910 32,200 21.3 1.42 BI2 a
406,200 6280 317,300 4910 35,800 16.0 1.30 B12
384,400 6280 300,300 4910 22,200 15.3 1.35
287,100 5230 224,300 4090 39.800 12.1 1.21 BIO
262,200 5230 204,800 4090 21,000 11.2 1.27
218,300 4710 170,600 3680 33,900 8.8 1.12 B9
201,800 4710 157,600 3680 20,100 8.2 1.17
161.600 4180 126,200 3270 26,900 6.7 1.08
153,000 4180 119,600 3270 18,9QO 6.4 1.11 B8
J and CY--Coeflicients given in the table.
W_CorC! . CorC'
L M --8 ' CorC'- WL- 8M- j f8.
38 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPA N Y.
MOMENTS OF RESISTANCE OF
~
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 39
MOMENTS OF RESISTANCE OF
BETHLEHEM ::t BEAMS,
IN FOOT POUNDS.
NEUT RAL AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO WEB AT CENTER
COMPARISON OF
BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS
WITH GIRDERS OF STAN DARD BEAMS.
COMPARISO N OF
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS
WITH ST AN D A RD :z: BE A MS.
f--
BETII1ElIEM I BEAMS. EQUIVALENT ST.lND!RD BEAMS.
Economy
of
Depth Weight Depth Weight Bethlehem
Section of Section of Section Beam~
Nnmber. Beam,
Incbes.
~
Pounds.
Modulus. B6&ID, r.:~ Modulus. Pounds
per Foot.
Inches. Pounds.
----- --- --- -- --- - --
B30 30 120.0 349.3
B28 28 105.0 286.7
B26 26 90.0 229.0
B24a 24 84.0 198.5 24 100 198.4 16.0
24 83.0 186.7 24 90 186.6 7.0
B24
24 73.0 174.3 24 80 174.0 7.0
20 82.0 156.0 20 90 155.8 8.0
B20a 20 72.0 146.7 20 80 146.7 8.0
20 69.0 126.9 20 75 126.9 6.0
B20 20 64.0 122.2 20 70 122.0 6.0
20 59.0 117.2 20 65 117.0 6.0
18 59.0 98.1 18 65 97.9 6.0
18 54.0 93.6 18 60 93.5 6.0
B18
18 52.0 91.7
18 48.5 88.7 18 55 88.4 6.5
B15b 15 71.0 106.2 15 80 106.1 9.0
B1.Sa 15 64.0 88.6 15 70 88.5 6.0
15 54.0 81.3 15 60 81.2 6.0
15 46.0 64.6 15 50 64.5 4.0
B15 15 41.0 60.9 15 45 60.8 4.0
15 38.0 59.0 15 42 58.9 4.0
B12a 12 36.0 44.9 12 40 44.8 4.0
B12 12 32.0 38.1 12 35 38.0 3.0
12 28.5 36.0 12 31.5 36.0 3.0
B10 10 28.5 26.9 10 30 26.8 1.5
10 23.5 24.6 10 25 24.4 1.5
B9 9 24.0 20.5 9 25 20.4 1.0
9 20.0 18.9 9 21 18.9 1.0
B8 8 19.5 15.1 8 20.5 15.1 1.0
8 17.5 14.3 8 18 14.2 0.5
~
,
42 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
II'!
SPACING OF
BETHLEHEM :t BEAMS I I ,
AND I I ,
JL_ ' __ .1 _ _ _ ..J(
GIRDER BEAMS, '
,
I
I
I
'
CENTER TO CENTER, TO PRODUCE EQUAL 1 ~ :
RADII OF GYRATION ABOUT BOTH AXES I y~ I
XX AND YY. !<---'D---~
~~
- BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
Iy
.- k
We~hI 01 M ENSIONS, IN INCHES.
Seotion SectiOn,
Number. Lb
perFoo\' D T B W M N G L
- - ----- --- --- - - - -
64.5 lli i 11.92 .39 .567 .683 161
71.5 lli H 11.96 .43 .630 .745 16i
~~
BETHLEHEM STEE L COMPANY. 47
vl
L--- I ~
II
I _ _ _ J{
~-----
I
I
I
. - - 1'----,
Iv
~
48 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
~~":"Tr-~-T
T ---f:
' '- .->r-:
~ w ~ I?
I
! , ___ .:f_: I1
M~-c=" ~ ~
I '~/ I
r----B--~-'
vI
'---- : ..----I
I
!!.-----
I
I ____ .x
I
I
I
r---:-----'
Jy
AXIS XX . AX I S YY .
Weighl Area - - - - - - ---
of of Seclion
Section, Sec~ion ,
Radin, of Radin. of
lIom.nl Seclion Gyration, lIomenl Seclion Gyration, Number.
Lb" Squsre of Inertia. lIodulns, Incbe. of Inertia, lIodulns,
per Foo~ Inche . Inche..
I S r I' S' r'
-- - --- -- ---- - - - - - --
49.0 14.37 263.5 53.4 4.28 89.1 17.9 2.49
A~==-(T
" I
\,,-' ~ ~ ~
i , ___ :1_
: II
M:~-==N '7----. ~
:t<----B----'
'~/:
DIMENSIONS, IN INCHES.
Weight
of
S tion
Section,
Numbe:. NomiDAl.
Lbs.
per I'oot.
0 T B W M N G L
- --- --- --------- --
32.0 7i ~ 8.00 .31 .399 .476 11i
57.5 8i 13
T~ 8.20 .51 .774 .851 12 II
H8 ""~
oj
62.0 81 1 8.24 .55 .837 .913 12-r\-
""en~
67.0 81 H 8.28 .59 .899 .976 12i 0
Iv
~
52 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
0808"
-"'i - -r'
i -----------14. 125~------ - "*
i, ~
'b " :,
H1 4 b r~p~~0.~60~"~~ti~0~.9~42~(/-\48.0
1.41~
Lbs..
i
_t._
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY . 53
.~- --jft--~-"
ttl", T :
'G 0
yl.
DIMENSIONS.
~
;~~~:. NO~. ~
Section of
Number. 0_
__ 8_
__ M _ N
__ __G
__ L
PROPERTIES.
AX I S X X. AXIS YY .
Weight Area
Seclion of of Radius of . Radius of
Section, Section, Koment Section Gyration, Komenl Soohon Gyration
Number. Lb Square of Inertia. Modulus. Inches. of InertiA. Modulus. Inches.'
per Fool Inches.
I Sr i' S' r'
~ ~~I~-;;;~~--;';---;;-
SUGG ESTIONS FOR USING THE SPECIAL SECTION OF H COLUMN IN
BUILD IN G UP COLUMNS OF LARGE SECTIONAL AREA.
COMPOUND COLUMNS.
k--c_1 '
T/ ..i p
COMPOUND COLUMNS.
vi
IV
W~Fht .lr.. AXIS XX. AXIS YY . Cov.r Plates.
of
Soclion, SectioD, :Moment Soction Radius of Moment of Seotion Radiu. of Width, Thiok-
Lb. Square of Inertia. Modulus. Glration, Inertia. Modulus. Gfn~!~~' Inohes. ness,
per loot. Inches, nches. Inch. I
~~
284.0
~~
- '-
83.52 3737.7
~S _ _ r_
449.6 6.69
_ 1_ '- ~ ~r'_ ~ ~
1321.9 165.2 3.98 16 It
290.8 85.52 3876.9 462.9 6.73 1364.6 170.6 3.99 16 I T5~
297.6 87.52 4018.2 476.2 6.78 1407.3 175.9 4.01 16 It
304.4 89.52 4161.7 489.6 6.82 1449.9 181.2 4.02 16 I t.
311.2 91.52 4307.2 503.0 6.86 1492.6 186.6 4.04 16 I!
318.0 93.52 4454.9 516.5 6.90 1535.3 191.9 4.05 16 1/~
324.8 95.52 4604.8 530.0 6.94 1577.9 197.2 4.06 16 Ii
331.6 97.52 4756.8 543.6 6.98 1620.6 202.6 4.0._ 16 1"
Tll'
338.4 99.52 4911.0 557.3 7.02 1663.3 207.9 4.09 16 Ii
345.2 101.52 5067.5 571.0 7.07 1705.9 213.2 4.10 16 JIB
H
10" G Addfor
9" G 8" G
Add for Add for
Span, each Lb. Span, each Lb. each Lb.
in
Feet.
Gl0 Incr....
in
in
Feet.
I G9 Increase
in
G8 Increase
in
44 Lbs. Weight. 38 Lbs. Weight. 32.5 Lbs. Weight.
1----
Safe loads given include weight of beam. Maximum fiber stress, 16,000
Ibs. per square inch.
Loads given above the heavy lines are greater than safe loads for web
cri~ing.
fe loads given below the dotted lines produce deflections exceeding .3.
of the span.
l
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 61
Span,
30" I: 28" I: 26" I:
Add for each Add for each Add for each
in 830 Lb. Increa.. 828 Lb. Inor.... 826 Lb. Inorea..
Feet. in Weight. in Weight. in Weight.
120 Lbs. 105 Lbs. 90 Lbs.
BETHLEHEM :I BEAMS,
IN TONS OF" 2000 LBS.
BEAMS BEING ~ECUAED AGAINST Y IELD I NG SIDEWA Y S .
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS,
IN TONS OF 2000 LBS.
BEAM S BEIN G SECU R E D A G AINST Y I E LD I N G S ID E WAY S.
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS,
IN TONS OF 2000 LBS .
BEAMS B E I N G SECURED AGAINST Y IELDING SIDEWAYS.
Safe loads given include weight of beam. Maximum fiber stress, 16,000
Jbs. per square inch.
Safe loads given below the dotted lines produce deflections exceeding
... of the span.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 65
M aXlmum saf e sear,
h m poun d s= 12,000h' dt
1 +30oot'
BETHLEHEM
::I B E AMS AND GIRDER BEAMS
FOR RAIl.ROAD BRIDGES.
MOST ECONOMIC.l.L
Bending BETHLEHEM ROLLED SECTIONS ST.l.ND.l.RD I REAMTI!.I.T
Moment, REQUIRED.
S~.n,
lD
in Seotion
Modn-us
- COULD BE USiD.
r..i. lool-Lbs. Raquired. We hi
for Saolion W'1,hl
~ Track. Number r;~:~ per 'tooi.
Lb .
per oo~
Lbs.
8i!e.
r--- -- - -----
10 65,800 79 B15 a 15 54.0 60 15/1 I
11 76,700 92 BI8 18 52.0 60 18/1 I
12 89,000 107 B20 20 59.0 65 20/1 I
13 102,000 122 B20 20 64.0 70 20/1 I
14 116,800 140 B20a 20 72.0 80 20/1 I
"". 1'1
. .......
", 0
'g.~ ;:: f:;f
,,1'1<1
20
21
223,000
243,000
2fi8
292
B28
B30
28
30
105.0
120.0
~g~
~ g~ "~~...
~.~
.. bI>
;;"'~
22 266,000 320 B30 30 120.0 ....... "
.s~tw
"''0
.s~
23 287,000 344 B30 30 120.0 . S'M '" Ilf~
24 310,000 372 G26 26 150.0 '" '"
~'O
" .~
0 '"
:;;~ ~~
COMPARISON Of'
..
Values of Ratios of.!..
EXAMPLE
SHOWING THE METHOD OF SELECTING BETHLEHEM
RO L LED H COLUMNS FOR BUILDINGS .
For illustration, the interior columns of an actual 16-story
building are taken as an example. The story heights and the
loads on the columns are given in the following table:
H Column Soclion R.equirocl.
Height Load
of on Safe Dimensions, in Inehes. 'Weight
Story. Soclion
Story. Column, wad, of Soclion,
reel Tons. D T B lIumbsr.
To"" Lbs. per Pool
- -- --- --- - - - - -- - - - ---
16th 12 27 55.0 7~ i6 8.00 31.5 H8
15th 13 53
14th 14
81.5 8~ H 8.12 48.0 H8
79
13th 13 104
12th 128
132.2 10~ H 10.12 71.0 HlO
13
11th 13 151
10th 13 174
174.8 12)4 ~ 12.08 91.5 H12
9th 13 197
8th 13 219 219.1 1414 H 14.08 114.5 H14
7th 13 241
6th 13 261
263.8 14~ 1}S 14.19 138.0 H14
5th 13 281
4th 13 301
310.1 15 Ih 14.31 162.0 H14
3d 13 321
2d 15 341
341.3 1514 1~ 14.39 178.5 H14
1st 17 363
Basement. 12 395
403.5 15K IU 14.54 211.0 H14
Seelion
Depth Weighl Area
of per of
i:!. UNSUPPORTID LKNGTH 01 COLUIlFS, IN lUT,
of Gy- ----,----,--.,.--.,.----,---1
Number. Beam, 'oo~ Secll0n, ration, e 9 10 11 12 13
Inehes. Lbs. Sq. In. Inehes Fl. Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl
- - ---1-- - - -----
G30a 30 200.058.71 3.28 381.6381.6381.6381.6381.6 381.6
G30 30 180.053.00 2.86 344.5344.5344.5344.5344.5 344.5
G28a 28 180.052.86 3.18 343.6343.6343.6343.6343.6 343.6
G28 28 165.048.47 2.77 315.1315.1315.1 315.1 315.1 312.7
G26a 26 160.046.91 3.05 304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9 304.9
G26 26 150.043.94 2.08 285.6 285.6285.6285.6285.6 281.2
G24a 24 140.041.16 2.90 267.5267.5267.5 267.5267.5 267.5
G24 24 120.035.38 2.66 230.0 230.0 230.0 230.0 230.0 225.8
G20a 20 140.041.19 2.91 267.8267.8267.8267.8267.8 267.8
G20 20 112.0 32.81 2.70 213.3 213.3 213.3 213.3 213.3 210.4
Beams not secured against yielding sideways and free to fail in direction of
least radius of gyration.
BETHLEHEM STEE L C O MPANY. 75
Loads given to the right of the zigzag line are for lengths greater than 125
radii of gyration.
r
76 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
l
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 77
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS
USED AS COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
: :;;:J~~ ~ ~.
~ 95.9
115.8 111.6 107.4 103.2 99.0 94.8 86.4 78.0
108.6 104.8 100.9 97.1 93.3 89,4 81.7 74.0 B20
100.9 97.5 94.0 90.6 87.1 83.7 76.8 69.9 .................
97.1 93.3 89.5 85.6 81.8 78.0 70. 3 62.7 ......... ........
89.6 86.2 82.8 79.4 76.0 72.! 65.8 59.0 ........ .........
86.5 83.3 80.0 76.8 73.6 70.4 63.9 57.5 ........ ......... BIB
81.5 78.5 75.6 72.6 69.7 66.7 60.8 54.9 ........ .........
123.1 119.1 115.0 111.0 107.0,102.9 94.8 86.7 ........ .......... B15 b
104.6 100.5 96.3 92.1 88.0 83.8 75.5 67.2 ........ ..........
89.9 86.1> 83.1 79.7 76.3 73.0 66.2 59.4 ......... ......... B15 a
- '
72.1 68.8 65.5 62. ~ 58.9 55.7 49.1 ......... ......... .........
65.2 62.4 59.6 56.~ 54.0 51.1 45.5 ......... ......... ......... B15
61.7 59.2 56.6 54.( 51.4 48.8 43.7 ....... ......... .........
57.8 55.3 52.8 50.4 47.9 45.4 40.5 ......... ......... ......... B12 a
49.2 46.8 44.4 42.( 39.6 37.2 ......... ......... ........ .........
44.7 42.7 40.6 38J 36.5 34.4 ........ ........ ' ........ ......... B12
41.7 39.4 37.1 34.9 32. 6 30.3 ......... .........
35.7 33.9
~ 30.3 28.5 26.6 :::::::::1::::::::: BlO
33.5 31.4 29.4 27.; 25.2
29.4 27.7 26.0 24.3 22.7 Allowable stress per square inch: B9
13,000 lb. for lengths nnd.. 55 redii.
26.8125.01 23.3 21.5 \
16,000-55 , for lengtha Oi.r 55 radii. B8
24.5 22.9 21.4 19.9
Loads given to the right of the zigzag line are for lengths greater than 125
radii of gyration.
7l! B ETHLEHEM STEE L COMPANY.
:r- I
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LBS., FOR
T I
TI BETHLEHEM ROLLED STEEL
I
141/ H COLUMNS.
~I
I
SQUARE ENDS .
I
__ ;L Allowable st ress p er square inch:
I I
13,000 Ibs. for lengths under 55 radii.
&---- B -- - -~
16,000-55 -}- for length. over 55 radii.
II14 170.5 15 ~ I i 14.35 50.11 3.64 325.7 325.7 325.7 325.7 319.0
178.5 151 1,7'6' 14.39 52.51 3.65 341.3 341.3 341.3 ~4 1. 3 334.6
186.5 15i 1, 14.43 54.92 3.66 357.0 357.0 357.0 357.0 350.3
195.0 15, 1 !~ 14.47 57.35 3.68 372.8 372.8 372.8 372.8 366.1
203.5 15 i Ii 14.51 59.78 3.69 388.6 388.6 388.6 388.6 381.9
211.0 15i 1H 14.54 62.07 3.70 403.5 403.5 403.5 403.5 396.9
219.5 15i I i 14.58 64.52 3.71 419.4 419.4 419.4 419.4 412.9
227.5 16 1H 14.62 66.98 3.72 435.4 435.4 435.4 435.4 429.0
236.0 16i 1* 14.66 69.45 3.74 451.4 451.4 451.4 451.4 445.2
244.5 161 1H 14.70 71.94 3.75 467.6 467.6 467.6 467.6 461.5
253.0 16i 2 14.74 74.43 3.76 483.8 483.8 483.8 483.8 477.9
261.5 16, 2-h 14.78 76.93 3.77 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 494.4
270.0 16i 21 14.82 79.44 3.79 516.4 516.4 516.4 516.4 510.9
278.5 16i 21'6' 14.86 81.97 3.80 532.8532.8532.8532.8 527.6
287.5 16t 21 14.90 84.50 3.81 549.3549.3549.3549.3 544.3
1
I
b
I
I
~
I
I
__ 1_
433.0 420.7 408.4 396.2 383.9 371.6 359.4 334.8 310.3 285.8 236.0
448.9 436.2 423.6 410.9 398.2 385.6 372.9 347.6 322.2 296.9 244.5
464.8 451.8 438.7 425.7 412.6 399.6 386.5 36004 ;334.3 308.1 253.0
480.9 467.4 454.0 440.5 427.1 413.6 400.2 373.2 ;346.4 319.5 261.5
497.0 483.2 469.3 455.5 441.6 427.8 413.9 386.2 358.6 330.9 270.0
513.3 499.1 4M.8 470.6 456.3 442.1 427.8 399.4 370.9 342.4 278.5
529.6 515.0 500.4 485.7 471.1 456.4 441.8 412.5 383.3 354.0 287.5
Loads to the right of the heavy line are for lengtha greater than 125 radii.
80 BETHL E HEM STEEL COMPAN Y .
.
:r-
I
T ,
~- - -- B -- -->l
I
TI
I
t
__1.
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LBS., FOR
139.5 13! 1-h 12.35 41.03 3.14 266.7 266.7 266.7 259.3 250_6
146.5 13i If 12.39 43.10 3.15 280.2 280.2 280.2 272.6 263.5
153.5 13f 1 ~ 12.43 45.19 3.16 293.7 293.7 293.7 286.0 276.6
161.0 13; 1; 12.47 47.28 3.18 307.3 307.3 307.3 299.7 289.9
iii... I
,
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 81
T I
I
I
I
I
0
iI
I
__ ;L
&----B---->I
16,000-55 ~ for lengths over 55 radii.
242.0 233.4 224.8 216.1 207.5 198.9 190. 181.6 172.0 164.4 139.5
254.5 245.5 236.4 227.4 218.4 209.3 200.< 191.3 182.3 173.2 146.5
267.1 257.7 248.3 238.8229.4 219.9 21O.t 201.1 191.6 182.2 153.5
2SO.1 270.3 260.5 250.71240 .9 231.0 22U 211.4 201.6 191.8 161.0
.
Loads to the righ t of the h eavy line are f"r lengths greater than 125 radii.
82 BETHLEHEM STE E L COMPANY .
J[-;-
T ,
0
I
I
I
I
,
I
I
__ i_
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LBS., FOR
I I
Allowable stress per square inch :
~---- B -- - - .j 13,000 lbs. fo r lengths u nder 55 radii.
16,000-55 2- for lengths oyer 55 radii.
r
105.5 11k
1T31> 10.35 31.06 2.64 201.9 201.9 201.9 198.0 194.1
111.5 111 11 10.39 32.80 2.65 213.2 213.2 213.2 209.3 205.2
117.5 11i 1r'1> 10.43 34.55 2.66 224.6 224.6 224.6 220.7 216.4
1..3.5 11 ~ Ii 10.47 36.32 2.67 236.1 236.1 236.1 232.2 227.7
1
95.9 93.8 89.E 85.4 81.3 77.1 72.~ 68 . 64.5 60.3 54.0
106.2 103.9 99.3 94.7 90.1 85.E 81.( 76.4 7U 67.2 59.5
116.4 113.9 108.0 103.9 98.9 93.~ 88.~ 83.9 78.~ 73.9 65.5
126.9 124.2 118.8 113.4 108.0 102.E 97.~ 9U 86.4 SO.1 71.0
137.2 134.3 128.5 122.7 116.9 111.1 105.< 99.5 93.7 87.9 77.0
147.7 144.6 138.4 132.2 126.0 119.8 113 ..'i 107.31 10 1.1 94.9 82.5
158.4 155.1 148.5 142.0 135.4 128.8 122.Q 115.6109.0 102.4 88.5
169.1 165.6 158.6 15Ui 144.6 137.6 130.6 123.6 116.6 109.6 94.0
179.2 175.5 168.1 160.7 153.3 145.9 138.f 131.2 123.8 116.4 99.5
T
190.3 186.4 178.6 170.8 163.1 155.3 147.f 139.8 132.0 124.2
201.2 197.0 188.91SO.7172.5164 56.' 148.0 139.9 131.7
212.1 207.8 199.2190.7182.1173.5165.0 156.4 147.8 139.2
105.5
111.5
117.5
223.2 218.7 209.81200.8191.81182.81173.~ 164.9 155.9 146.9 123.5
Loads to the right of the heavy line are for leOlgths greater than 125 radii.
V'
M BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
:r:-
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LBS., FOR
I
t
T
BETHLEHEM ROLLED STEEL
<, 8" H COLUMNS.
SQUARE EN OS.
__ *-
I I
Allowable stress per square inch:
\(-----B----toj 13,000 lb. for lengths under 55 radii.
16,000-55 ~ for lengths over 55 radii.
r
l
BE T HLEHEM STEE L COMPANY . &'>
:r--'
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LBS., FOR
,
BETHLEHEM ROLLED STEEL T , I
I
a" H COLUMNS. ~I
SQUARE ENDS . I
I
__ 1_
Allowable stress per square inch: , ,
13.000 lbs. for lengths under 55 radii. &----a----.]
16.000-55 .!.. for length. over 55 radii.
r
53.5 52.0 50A 48.9 47.4 45.9 42.8 39.7 36.7 32.0
59.7 58.0 56.< 54.( 53.0 51.< 48.0 44.6 41.3 38.01 34.5
67.7 65.8 64.0 62.1 60.2 58.4 54.6 50.9 47.1 43.4 39.0
75.7 73.6 71.5 69.4 67.4 65.2 61.1 57.0 52.8 48.7 43.5
83.8 81.5 79.2 76.9 74.6 72.4 67.8 63.2 58.7 54.1 48.0
92.1 89.6 87.1 84.6 82.2 79.7 74.7 6G.8 64.8 59.9 53.0
100.3 97.7 950 92.2 89.6 86.9 81.6 76.2 70.9 65.5 57.5
----
108.7 105.8 102.9 100.C 97.1 94.2 88.5 82.7 76.9 71.2
117.3 114.2 111.2 108.1 105.0 101.9 95.8 89.6 83.5 77.3
62.0
67.0
125.8 122.5 119.2 116.0 112.7 109.4 102.9 96.3 89.8 83.2 71.5
134.4 131.0 127.5 124.0 120.5 117.0 110.1 103.1 96.2 89.2 76.5
142.6 138.9 135.2 131.6 127.9 124.2 116.9 109.6 102.2 94.9 81.0
151.6 147,7 143.9 140.0 136.1 132.3 124.6 116.9 109.2 101.5 8.5.5
160.5 156.4 152,4 148.3144.3 140.2 132.1 124.0 115.9 107.8 90.5
I
Loads to the right of the heavy line are for lengths greater than 125 radii.
86 BE'l'HLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
':I~
I - .. COMPOUND COLUMNS.
~
SQUARE ENDS.
~tt 19~
u,,'" 476.9 18 140.27 4.69 911.8 911.8 911.8 911.8 911.8
00'" -/ I'l 484.6 18 19t 142.52 4.70 926.4 926.4 926.4 926.4 926.4
- I 1 1 1
'X'P
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LBS., FOR
~ ..... -.-C ....... ~
COMPOUND COLUMNS. 1 ."-
l!
SQUARE ENDS.
22 24 26 28 30 32 36 40 44 48
Widlh I Thick
Fl. PI. PI. Fl. 11. F\. 11. Ft. PI.
Inohes: r:::~,.
PI.
C _ P
_
- - - - -- - - - - - - - -
515.8502.0 488.1474.3 460.4 446.6 418.9 39U ~63.5 335.8 16 It
429.5 40U~72.9344.7
528.6514.4 500.3486.1 472.0
541.7527.3 512.9498.5 484.1
457.8
469.7 440.9412.1f383.3354.4
451.6 422.~ ~92.81363.4
16
16 {r
~t
554.5539.8 525.15lO.4 495.7 481.0 16
567.7552.7 537.8522.8 507.9 492.9 463.0 433.1 f403.2,373.3 16
580.5565.3 550.0534.8 519.6 504.3 473.8 '43.4~12.9r.4 16 ll1r
593.4 577.8 562.3546.8 531.2 515.7 484. 7 453.6~22.5391.5 16 It
606.6590.9 575.1559.3 543.5 527.8 496.2 464.7~33.1 01.6 16 }It
619.5603.4 587.4 571.3 555.3 539.2 507.1 475.0~42.9410.7 16 II
632.4 616.1 599.7583.4 567.0
,
550.7 518.0 485.*52.61419.9 16 Itt
650.2631.4 618.6602.8 587.0 571.2 I
539.5507.9 476.*44.7 17 Ii
664.1 648.0 631.9615.8 599.7 583.6 551.4 519.2~87.0~54.8
1
17 Itt
677.9661.5 645.1628.7 612.3 595.9 563 .2530.41497.6464.8 17 Ii
691.8675.1 658.4 641.7 625.1 608.4 575.0541.71508.3 '175.0 17 Iii
706.0689.1 672.2655.3 638.4 621.4 587.6 553.8519.9486.1 17 2
720.0 702.8 685.5668.3 651.1 633.9 599.5565.1530.7496.3
1 17 2-h
733.8716.3 698.9 ,681.4 663.9 646.4 611.4 576.5541.5506 5 17 2t
747.8730.0
1 712.2694.5 676.7 658.9 623.4 587.9552.4510.8 17 2!1r
761.7743.6 725.6707.5 689 ..5 671.5 635.4 599.3563.2527.1 17 2t
775.7757.3 739.0720.7 702.4 684.0 647.4 6lO.8574.1 537.5 17 2f~
-
800.5 782.7 764.9 747.1 729.3 711.5 676.0 640.4 604.8 569.2 18 2t
815.4 797.3 779.2 761.2 743.1 725.0 688.9 652.7 616.6 580.5 18 2/1r
830.3 811.9 793.6 775.2 756.9 738.5 701.8 665.1 628.411591. 7 IS 2t
845.2 826.6 807.9 789.3 770.7 752.0 714.8 677.5 640.31603 .0 18 2,71r
860.1 841.2 822.3 803.4 784.5 765.6 727.8 689.9 652.1614.3 18 2~
875.1 855.9 836.7 817.5 798.3 779.2 740.8 702.4 664.0625.6 18 2!1r
890.1 870.6 851.1 831.7 812.2 792.7 753.81714.9675.9637.0 18 2i
~tt
905.0 885.3 865.5 845.8 826.1 806.3 766.8 727.4 687.9,648.4 18
920.0 900.0 880.0 860.0 840.0 819.9 779.9 739.91699.91659.8 18
; Loads to the right of the heavy line are for lengths greater than 125 radII.
r
88 BETHLEHEM S TEEL COMPANY .
CONNECTION ANGLES
FOR BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.
I +'*'+'
-;ft-" 2J4"
t--+-+':"+-+-+-+-+ _~" -t-t -t -+--t- --t-"
,,'I ----7-
1U!/?->t<---
, I
I I I I
Spaces-of-3'---- " #1U!" 17'4'#4'Sp'aC~S-l~1 J4"
3.?fo
" of 2 ).2 ' , i
2,Ls, 6' x 6' x v.;x 2 '-0' 2Ls, 6 ' x 6 ' xYi;x 1(.0).2'
26"and 28"Gs
--ti-t---t---t--+---t--
~!4"
+---.--+--~---+----+---+
I I I I I I I
--t.- "
_j.~
15"G
I I I I I I I 1 I
1U{;p.f--
I
--6 -Spaces-of-3"--I -.:h.Ji'
.i j l
2-Ls, 6 ' x 6 ' x Y!.ix 1~9'
~I I II "
1~, 2l11l2~~1J4
2-Ls, 6' x 6' xYJ;x 0'-10'
I +I--t~+~+-;-+J -2'J4"
i--r---r---r---t--r l iS"and g"Gs
1~t+--5-S paces-or-3'-+Y.j1U!"1 ;,i?-!2U!i4j J4"
2-Ls, 6 ' x 6 ' xv.;x 1~6' ~lS
o ' I
-
2J4
-,-"
~ t -t J~'
20"G I : I
,
I
I
I
I
-+, -1--+--t--
+_+_+
I
__ ~_+
I I I ,
-/"
"2 &"
'
2~"
-~ l-t+-+-
-++f2~"
-t- "
-~ ~ I-+-+-
u: +-+-+F!~:
-~-~
t::f~P:p*'::+::f---L
H
1J.2*I 4 -Spaces-ot--3....:.,
I I
1Ji 2-Ls. 6" x 6' XYlo 2-Ls, 6 ' x 6' xJ1
2-Ls. 6' x 6' xv.;x 1(. 3' x 0 (. 5' .x 0 '-7J.2'
CONNECTION ANGLES
FO R BET H L E HEM J: BE A M S,
30"1 18"I
!.---5;-'.i, :".s!'-I,
I,f'++'++++
t--t--+--+--t--t-+-+-+--tt-~ "
,~ 0.:
, -T'
It----+-----t
II I I
1~1't-------9'Spaces-Of-23ii-----
It I "
I "I '# I
1~"
~
CI)
t-----..-----f
I I I ,
I I I I I
2-Ls, 4' x 4' x %' x 2'-1'
~r, , , , l I~
28"1
1-t-t--t-+-tr L
! 4 Spaces
If)... !.1 "
1Wrr----ot211l~--n '1Xi
I:.,t--t-t--t-t--t-t-t-ttT-"
t I
+ + f + + +--~! I I I I
2-Ls 6' x 4' x lIB' x 1~03ii'
1~r+----8' 8paces-of-23ii~----#Xi"
2-Ls, 4' x 4' x lIB' x 1'-10311'
24"1
-+---+---+---+--+-+-+t-..-
I,t++++-T,-:I-
. I I I ~ 9~"
I I '_
1Xi~-6'Spaces-of-23ii~#1Xi"
2-Ls, 4' x 4' x %' x 1~53ii'
20"1
I-+---+---+--+-..
t
.++,++-~
I -+t--"
I 1 I I _ 219
",1! I I I ',/11 I
1Xi~i45-Spaces-of-272:J41 ~"
2:L'., 4' x 4' x %' x Il~,
j
92 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
-!~
i9
;L <>
<>
rn ~ w~ 0
I
r---s--~
I I+---s--->I
Separators for 18 to 30 inch beams are Yo inch metal.
Separators for 8 to 15 inch beams are ~ inch metal.
~--s--~
G24a 24 140.0 26~ 13U 13}'8 12~ 15}( 50.0 3.50 4.6 .25
G24 24 120.0 24~ 12~ 12}( 12~ 14}( 47.0 3.50 4.3 .25
G20a 20 140.0 25~ 13 12% 10 14~ 39.0 2.80 4.5 .25
I
G20
GI8
GI5h
G15a
G15
20
18
15
15
15
112.0
92.0
140.0
104.0
73.0
24~ 12~
23)1. 12
24
23
12}(
11U
21Yz 11
12
11~ 10
10 14 38.0 2.80
13~ 34.0 2.60
11% 7~ 14 22.0 1.50
11}'8 7~ 13~ 22.0 1.60
10.% 7)1. 1 2~ 21.0 1.60
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.0
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
G12a 12 70.0 20~ 1O.~ 10 5 12 17.5 1.30 3.8 .25
G12 12 55.0 20}'8 10% 10 5 11~ 17.5 1.30 3.8 .25
SEPARATORS WITH ONE BOLT.
GI0
10 144,0118~19~19}'81
38.0 17~ 9 8~ 11O~11l.0
1O}( 10.0 11.10
1.00
8 .125
.125
G9
G8 I 9
8
All bolts
32.5 16)1.
~ inch diameter.
8)1. 8}( 9~ 8.0 .85
1.7
11.
1.7 1
.125
l -
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 93
BETHLEHEM ::z: B EA M S.
l~ [] +~ D ~ 0
.-1-
I
I[ i
I I
~--&--->l
I
-"'- I[ I[
I
I~---s--'"I
I
I
r--S-->j
I
B24a
B24
24
24
84.0
73.0
19 I
9]( 9J4'
18jS 9jS 9J4'
12Y.
12Y.
11J4'
11
35.1
35.1
3.65
3.65
3.6
3.6
.25
.25
B20a 20 72.0 18}S 9~ 9 10 10]( 28.2 3.00 3.5 .25
B20 20 59.0 16jS 8jS 8J4' 10 10 26.1 3.00 3.4 .25
B18 18 48.5 15Y. 8 7jS 10 9J4' 22.1 2.70 3.2 .25
B15h . 15 71.0 15Y. 8 7Y. 7Y. 9Y. 13.1 1.65 3.2 .25
B15a 15 54.0 14Y. 7Y. 7 7Y. 9 12.3 1.65 3.1 .25
B15 15 38.0 14 7J4' 7 7Y. 8Y. 13.3 1.80 3.0 .25
B12a 12 36.0 13-h 6]( 6~ 5 8 9.1 1.30 2.8 .25
B12 12 28.5 12jS 6Y. 6>( 5 7]( 9.0 1.30 2.8 .25
SEPAR ATOR S W ITH ONE BOLT.
BlO
B9 1109 123.51 12~16J4'
20.0 11 5 Y. I
J4' 5]( 16 ~y.1
I 6]( 7.51 1.00
6.4 1.10 11.41
.125
1.3 .125
B8 8 17.5 IOU 5jS 5~ 5.5 .85 1.3 .125
BET H L E HEM J: B E A M S.
B20a
20 82.0 Sit it 17~ 1ft 5
20 72.0 8ft 17 ~ 1ft 5
I - 1
It- "!-wi
;of,-
BET H L E HEM :I
"l-
1 W~
B E A M S.
~-1-----~
k--8 - " ---- ~ i<- O ~ .... +Yt6'
K !'-+--------L-------4'-'!K I I II
Bl5a
15 64.0 7-r". H 121~ Itt
15 54.0 7 H 121~ IH
15 46.0 6H I'. 12U 1-(. H 3J( 5-& 1.
B15 15 41.0 6H H 12U I ll- !~ 3J( 5t. J4
15 38.0 6H it 12U I T~ H 3J{ 5-r\ 1~~
B12
12 32.0 61\ it 1O-h H t. 3Y. 5t'ir ]4
12 28.5 6~ ]4 10-t~ i~ I\- 3Y. 5]4 f.
,
:,
:,
i
:1
~
m
Ii
II"
H II
"'I
11
98 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
"0
0,0
010
I
01 0
0 0
'
'\ 17
0 0
0 0
!2...r
II
"""II
II
Ll
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
m=/S.
When the bending moment is in foot-lbs., the following
relations are useful:
C=8M. C
M=S'
If W is a uniformly distributed load in lbs., and the span,
L, is taken in feet, then:
C=WL.
The last two formulas are convenient. To find the safe
uniformly distributed load in lbs. for any section, it is only
necessary to divide its coefficient of strength by the span in
feet. If the uniformly distributed load in lbs. is given, mul-
tiply it by the span in feet and the result is the coefficient of
strength required by the section.
On the next page formulils are given for finding bending
moments. safe loads and deflections for beams loaded and
supported in usual ways. Bending moments will be in foot-
lbs. or inchlbs. according as the lengths are taken in feet or
inches. To obtain deflection in inches the lengths must be
taken in inches.
For illustration, take a center load of 30,000 lbs. on a
span of 20 feet:
M = ~O,OOO X 20 = 150 000 foot-lbs.
4 '
C = 8M = 8 X 150,000 = 1,200,000.
The nearest beam is a 20" Bethlehem I beam, weigh-
ing 59 lbs. per foot, which has a coeffident of 1,250,300.
If the ber.ding moment had been taken in inch-lbs., then
(t.) Beam filed &1 one end and loaded &1 the (2.) Beam fixed &1 one end and uniformly 1O&d6il.
Inn---- ------1
other.
tn
.
I IIIIIIIIIIII!!!IIIIIIIWIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!!!!
-------r------ ----->:
Safe load - X !hltt given In tables.
Safe load - % that given in tables. Maximum bcnU'lg moment at point
Maximum bending moment at point
of support - Pl. of sl1pport _ 2 '
Maximum shear at point of support Maximum shea~ at point of support
-Po - W.
Pl' WI'
Deflection - liE!' Deflection - ilEl
(3.) Beam supportod'i boa 6nds, single load in (4.) Be&m supported al both ends and uniformly
the miaille. loaded.
t.--- --- ---l----------~
'1III!II!!I!1I1!!1!11!1$!1!1!1!1I!11I!1!1!1!11~
I C5
Safe load - Yo that given In tables.
I ~ --------l-------- I
SRrC lond - thnt given in tnbles
Maximum bending moment at mid- Maximum bending momcnt at mid-
dle of beam - Pi . die of beam _ ';1.
Mulmum shear at points of support Maximum shear at points of support
-Yop. -Yo W.
PP 5WP
Deflection - iBEx' DcBection - 384lfr'
(5.) Beam supllOrled ,I both ends, single unsym- (6.) Beam supported al both ends, Iwo symme\-
metrici.lload. ricol loads.
~
-'lr-----a------I"
I ---G5-- l -------- ~
DEFLECTION
OF STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS UNDER
TRANSVERSE LOADS.
Using the notation given on page 99, the deflection, in
inches, of a steel beam or other section under a uniformly
distributed load of W, in lbs., is found from the formula,
D- 5 WI8 _ 5 W(12L)3
- 984 ET- 984 EI
Wnen W is the safe uniformly distributed load corre-
sponding to a coefficient of strength C, the following relations
exist between Wand C and the properties of the shape:
C I
W=Z' and C=%/S=%/n"
Substituting these values in the above formula, then,
D=15/L2
nE
When the fiber stress is 16,000 Ibs. per square inch and
the modulus of elasticity of steel taken as 29,000,000, then
the deflection, in inches, is given by the formula:
D= O.01655L2.
211
In the case of a beam, girder or other section symmetrical
about its neutral axis, en equals the depth of the beam. The
deflection, in inches, of such a section under its safe
uniformly distributed load which produces a fiber stress of
16,000Ibs. per square inch is given by the simple formula,
0.01655L 2 1 L 2
D d ' or very nearly = 60 d
The table on the opposite page gives the value of the
expression O.01655L 2 for spans from 1 foot to 60 feet.
The safe loads and corresponding deflections for other
usual cases of loading, as compared with the safe uniformly
distributed loads given in the tables, are as follows:
Beam supported at both ends and loaded with a single
load concentrated at center of span. Safe load = ~ tabular
load. Deflection = 10.
Cantilever beam, fixed at one end and unsupported at the
other, uniformly loaded. Safe load=)( tabular load. Deflec-
tion=2n
Cantilever beam, fixed at one end and unsupported at the
ether, single load concentrated at free end. Safe load = ~
tabular load. Deflection = 3fu.
BETflLEHE"ll STEEL COMPANY. 103
DEFLECTION COEFFICIENTS
FOR UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS.
FIBER STRESS . 16.000 LBS. PER SQUARE INCH.
'---_ _---Jj
given in the table at the bottom of page 5G.
lOG BET H L E HEM R TEE Leo M PAN Y.
BEARING PLATES.
Steel bearing plates are used under the ends of steel
bealT,s resting on walls to distribute the pressure on the latter.
The plate must be of a sufficient size so that the allowable
safe pressure on the wall will not be exceeded.
For good brickwork laid in cement mortar, capable of
sustaining a safe pressure of 200 lbs. per square mch, the
table be!ow gives standard sizes of bearing plates which will
suffice in general on ordinary spans for I beams up to 24
inches in depth.
STANDAR D BEARING PLATES FOR J: BEAMS .
Depth of
Beam,
B..riJi
Wa
on SIZE 01 BE1RIIIG PUTES. Safe kd
Ilaaetion a1200 Weight of
Inches. Inebes. Length, Width, Thickn.... Lhe. p6r Sq. 1n.. B;:lalo,
Inches. Inches. Inches. Tons.
- --
24 16 16 16 ~ 25.6 64
20 16 16 15 ~ 24.0 60
18 16 16 14 1B 22.4 56
15 12 12 14 ~ 16.8 42
12 12 12 12 ~ 14.4 31
10 I 10 10 10 ~ 10.0 18
9 8 8 9 Yo 7. 2 11
8 8 8 8 Yo 6.4 9
7 8 8 8 Yo 6.4 9
6 6 6 6 Yo 3.6 5
and less
8iJe llLOW.1JlLE PRESSURE PER SQUill Size llLOW.1JlLE PRESSURE PER SQUill
of DICK. of DICK.
Plate, Plate,
Inches. 100 150 1 200 350 500 Inohes. 100 150 2001350 500
Lbs. ~ Lb Lbs. Lbs. Lb. Lb Lb.. Lb Lbo.
r--- - --
6x 6 1.8 2.7 3.6 6.3 9.0 14x14 9.8 14.7 19.6 34.3 49.0
6x 8 2.4 3.6 4.8 8.4 12.0 14x16 11.2 16.8 22.4 39.2 56.0
6xlO 3.0 4.5 6.0 10.5 15.0 14x18 12.6 18.9 25.2 44.1 63.0
8x 8 3.2 4.8 . 6.4 11.2 16.0 16x16 12.8 19.2 25.6 44.8 64.0
8x10 4.0 6.0 8.0 14.0 20.0 16x18 14.4 21.6 28.8 50.4 72.0
8x12 4.8 7.2 9.6 16.8 24.0 16x20 16.0 24.0 32.0 56.0 80.0
10xlO 5.0 7.5 10.0 17.5 25.0 18x18 16.2 24.3 32.4 56.7 81.0
10x12 6.0 9.0 12.0 21.0 30.0 18x20 18.0 27.0 36.0 63.0 90.0
10x14 7.0 10.5 14.0 24.5 35.0 18x22 19.8 29.7 39.6 69.3 99.0
12x12 7.2 10.8 14.4 25.2 36.0 20x20 20.0 30.0 40.0 70.0 100.0
12x14 8.4 12.6 16.8 29.4 42.0 20x22 22.0 33.0 44.0 77.0 110.0
l2x16 9.6 14.4 119 .2 33.6 48.0 20x24 24.0 36.0 48.0 84.0 120.0
~--------L--------~
The greatest safe load may be limited b\, the safe shear-
ing or Crippling strength of the web which should be investi-
gated. The shear due to the load W is a maximum at the
point a under the outer edge of the superimposed load, and
is found as follows:
V, = maximum shear due to the load W.
V = greatest saf~ allowable shear on web of beam.
_ W(L-N)
V, - L .
The shear V, must not exceed V, the safe shearing
strength of the web. If the beams are thoroughly imbedded
in concrete and the webs prevented from buckling,
V = 1ft.OOOdt=safe allowable shear, inlbs.
But if the webs are not supported against buckling,
V- 1ft,OOOd! {safe crippling strength
- h2 of web, in Ibs.
+
1 9000t"
where d = depth of beam, t = thickness of web and h =
clear distance between flanges, all in inches. The last
formula is that for the safe crippling streng th of webs and
values for it are given for Bethlehem beam and girder sections
in the table on page 67.
When shearing strength of the web is considered. the
maximum load on a given grillage beam is
L
W=V _ ; (3)
L N
and the safe shearIng strength required by the web of a beam
for a given loading is
V= ~ LLN . (4)
To find the safe load on a given beam use formulas (1) and
(3) and take the lesser of the two values. When formula (3)
g-ives the smaller value the safe load is limited by the shear-
ing strength of the web.
To select a grillage beam for a given loading find the
coefficient of strength required by formula (2) and the safe
shearing- strength of web required by formula (4). The
proper beam must then be selected to satisfy both require-
ments
I t will be found that Bethlehem girder beams are desirable
and economical for use as grillage beams.
110 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
N'I
of ~.iTe~ Square 'lhe&r al
Inches.
Ys
Inches.
.1104
7500 Lbs.
--s3O l4IU
~/
1760
W' I -i-/ ' ~"
2110 ............ .............
~
~
.1963
.3068
1470
2300
]880
2340
2340
2930
I 2810
3520
3280
4100
3750
4690
t.( .4418 3310 2810 3520 4220 4920 5630
YB .6013 4510 3280 4100 4920 5740 6560
1 .7854 5890 37;)0 I 4690 I 56:.!0 6560 I
7500
.I
Diameter !rea in Single B..ring Valoes, in Pounds, for Dill'erenl Thiokness of
of Rive~ Square She&r at - Plate in Inches al 18,000 Lbs. per Square loeh.
Inches. Inches. 9000 Lbs.
~" T -r; " -i-r;" ~"
Ys"
Ys .110 990 1680 2110 2530
~ .196 1770 2250 2820 3370 3940 4500
;S .307 2760 2790 3480 4180 4870 5580
t.( .442
.601
3970
5410
33iO
3940
4210
4920
5050
5910
I 5910
6880
6750
7870
YB
1 .785 7060 4500 I 5620 I 6750 7870 I 9000
DiAmeler !rea in Singl. B..ring Values, in Poun~ for Dift'erenl Thickness of
Square She&r &I Plate in loeh.s at 20, 0 Lbs. p.r Square Inch.
of Ri'J~
Ineh.s.
Ys
Inches.
.1104
10,000 Lbs.
1100
J"
1880
l-r;"
2340
I28TO
Ys" ;"" ~"
Ys
Square
Inches.
.1104
Shear al
11.000 Lb
1210
J" !f/' Ys" Nt
2u60 2580~ ............
I
}4." I
Yo .]963 2160 2750 3440 4130 4820 5,500
;S .3068 3370 344() 4300 5160 6020 6.880
t.( .4418 4860 4130 5160 6190 7220 I
8250
.6013 6510 4810 6020 7220 8430 9,630
1
YB
.7854 8640 5500 I
6880 I 8250 9630 11,000 j
B~nring vnlues give!. above or to the right of the upper zigzag lines are
r enter thnn doul>le shenr. BeHring \,Rlues given between tbe upper nnd
ower zigzag lines are less tban doubie sbear and greater than single shear.
~
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 111
~
5280 5860 ............................................................ j8
I 6330 ~ 7,720 8,440 ........................................... U
7380 18200 9,030 9.850 10,670 11,480 12,300 ............ YB
8440 9380 110,310111,250 12,190 13,1.:10 14,060 15000 1
Bearing Values, in Pounds, for Dill'erent Thickness of Plate in Inche, Diameter
at 18,000 Lbs. per Square Inch. of Riye~
Inches.
/ f;" ~" tl" Uti ti" 11" -li" 1"
~ -...-..-..-.. -.. -...-..-. -.. -...-..-. -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -.. -...-..-..-... -.. -...-..-..-... --Ys"'-s-t
~
I 6,330 7,030 .......................................................... .. ~
7,590 ,~ 9,280 10,130 ........................................ . U
8,8601 9,840 10.830 11,810 12,800 13,780 14,770 ............. YB
10,120 11,250112,370113,500 14,630 15,750 16,880 18,000 1
Bearing Value.. in Pounds, for Durerent Thickness of Plate in Inches Diameter
at 20,000 Lbs. per Square Inch. of Riyet,
Inch,..
..(-r;" 78" tt" 7(" tl" ~" ti" I"
~ -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -.. -...-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -... -.. -...-..-..-... --Ys"'-g,---l
. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
~
I 7,030 7,810 ........................................................ .. j8
8,440 9.380 10,310 11,250 ........................................ .. X
9,8401~ 12,030 ]3.130 14,220 15,310 16,410 . ; ...... .. YB
11,250 12.500113,750115,000 16,250 17,500 18,750 20,000 1
Bearing Values, in Pounds, for Durer,nl Thickness of Plate in Inche. Dia.me\,r
at 22,000 Lb,. per Square Inch. of !tiyel,
..f-g" 78" ta" ~" tt" Ys" tt" 1" Inches.
~==========~==
......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .... ... ... ............ ~
~
7,740 8,600 ......... ......... .................................... .. j8
[ 9,280~ 11,340 12,380 ............................. .......... .. U
10,840112,040 13,240 14,440 15,640 16,840 18,050 ............ YB
12,380 13,75011,),130116,500 17,880 19,250 20,630 22,000 1
Bearing "alues given below or to the left of the lower zigzag lines are
less than smgle shear.
112 BE 'f HLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
POUNDS.
~ MIn.
am. fir!: ~ r~ ~In.
wn.
lin.
Diam. ~n. 1fi~
- -- - - - - - - - - ----
1}.( 5.5 12.8 22.0 29.3 43.9 66.6 93.3 1?:l.0
1~ 6.3 14.2 24.1 32.4 4!:!.2 72.1 100.0 136.0
1U' 7.0 15.5 26.3 35.5 52.5 77.7 10i.0 145.0
2 7.9 16.9 28.5 3!:!.7 56.7 83.3 114.0 153.0
2,1( 8.7 18.3 30.7 41.8 61.0 88.8 121.0 162.0
2~ 9.4 19. i 328 44.9 65.2 94.4 128.0 171.0
2U' 10.2 21.1 35.0 48.0 69.5 100.0 136.0 179.0
3 11.0 22.5 37.2 51.1 73.7 105.0 143.0 188.0
3,1( 11.7 23.9 39.3 54.3 78.0 111.0 150.0 197.0
3~ 12.6 25.3 41.5 57.4 82.3 116.0 157.0 205.0
3U' 13.4 26.7 43.7 60.5 86.5 122.0 164.0 214.0
4 14.1 28.1 45.9 63.6 90.8 128.0 170.0 223.0
4,1( 14.9 29.4 48.0 66.7 95.0 1340 177.0 231.0
4~ 15.7 30.8 50.2 69.9 993 139.0 185.0 240.0
4U' 16.5 32.2 52.4 73.0 104.0 145.0 192.0 249.0
5 17.2 33.6 54.5 76.1 108.0 150.0 199.0 258.0
5,1( 18.1 35.0 56.7 79.2 112.0 156.0 206.0 266.0
5~ 18.8 36.4 58.9 82.3 116.0 161.0 213.0 275.0
oj( 19.6 37.8 61.1 85.5 120.0 166.0 220.0 284.0
6 20.4 39.2 63.2 88.6 124.0 172.0 227.0 292.0
6~ 219 42.0 67.6 95.1 133.0 184.0 2410 310.0
7 23.5 44.7 71.9 101.0 142.0 195.0 255.0 327.0
7~ 25.1 47.5 76.1 10 .0 IM.O 206.0 2690 345.0
8 26.6 50.3 80.6 114.0 159.0 217.0 284.0 362.0
8~ 28.2 53.1 85.0 120.0 167.0 227.0 2f!:!.0 379.0
9 29.8 55.9 89.3 126.0 1i6.0 239.0 312.0 397.0
9~ 31.3 58.7 93.7 133.0 185.0 2500 325.0 4H.O
10 32.8 61.4 98.0 139.0 193.0 261.0 340.0 431.0
10~ 34.5 64.2 10~.0 145.0 202.0 272.0 354.0 449.0
11 36.0 67.0 107.0 151.0 210.0 284.0 368.0 406.0
1l~ 37.6 698 111.0 158.0 218.0 295 .0 382.0 484.0
12 39 .2 72.5 115.0 164.0 227.0 30G.0 396.0 501.0
100 1.8 5.8 11.1 13.6 22.6 39.0 58.0 83.5
neads.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. ]]3
I;:le~
=l.4I2.1I3.14.2/5.5J~-1i3 16.7 I~
WEIGHTS Of' NUTS AND BOLT HEADS IN POUNDS .
Diameter of Boll in Inches. X In. -h In. % In. X In. % In. % In. Ya In.
1 - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -
WNi~r~ngf H!!.7tx ~~~~ .021 .036 .064 .13 .26 .40 .68
w}J~~~n<t H~~n.~.~.~ .024 .042 .070 .15 .29 .47 .77
1- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
Diameter of Bolt in Inches. 1 Tn. IX In. IX In. 1% In. 2 In. 2'y' In. 3 In.
1- - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - -- -
wNi~~~ngf H!!.7tx~~~~" 1.01 2.10 4.26 6.89 9.24 17.3 27.2
W}J~~~ngf H~~~.~.:.~ 1.19 2.39 5.01 8.41 12.93 21.4 133.5
t.....--~~~ ~
114 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
REDUCTION OF AREA.
IN SQUARE INCHES, FOR ONE RIVET HOLE.
To be deducted from gross area of plates or shapes to obtain oet area.
DI!IlmR OP ROLE.
ThiCknOSSI
o! lIel&~
Inches. ]411 Ii' Jill H"
-- -- --
j(" H" Jill H" 1" lIV 13i"
l~ .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 .07 .07
3i .06 .07 .OS .09 .09 .10 .11 .12 .13 .13 .14
)(H
.09 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .18 .19 .20 .21
'<I- .13 .14 .16 .17 .19 .20 .22 .23 .25 .27 .28
h .16 .18 .20 .21 .23 .25 .27 .29 .31 .33 .35
Ys .19 .21 .23 .26 .28 .30 .33 .35 .38 .40 .42
.22 .25 .27 .30 .33 .38 .41 .44 .46
~-h
.36 .49
.25 .28 .31 .34 .38 .41 .44 .47 .50 .53 .56
.28 .32 .35 .39 .42 .49 .53 .56 .60
~/-,; .31 .35 .39 .43 .47
.46
.51 .55 .59 .63 .66
.63
.70
H .34 .39 .43 .47 .52 .56 .60 .64 .69 .73 .77
j( .38 .42 .47 .52 .56 .61 .66 .70 .75 .80 .84
H .41 .46 '.51 .56 .61 .66 .71 .76 .81 .86 .91
Ji .44 .49 .55 .60 .66 .71 .77 .82 .88 .93 .98
.47 .53 .59 .64 .70 .76 .82 .88 .94 1.00 1.05
IH .50 .56 .63 .69 .75 .81 .88 .94 1.00 1.06 1.13
1-?\r .53 .60 .66 .73 .80 .86 .93 1.00 1.06 1.13 1.20
13i .56 .63 .70 .77 ' .84 .91 .98 1.05 1.13 1.20 1.27
.59 .67 .74 .82 .89 .96 1.04 1.11 1.19 1.26 1.34
lJi
I' .63 .70 .78 .86 .94 1.0:.1 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.33 1.41
.66 .74 .82 .90 .98 1.07 1.15 1.23 1.31 1.39 1.48
}~ .69 .77 .86 .95 1.03 1.12 1.20 1.29 1.38 1.46 1.55
In .72
.75
.81
.84
.90 .99 1.08 117 1.26
.94 1.03 1.13 1.22 1.31
1.35
1.41
1.44
1.50
1.53
1.59
1.62
1.69
1~
1/-,; .78 .88 .98 1.07 1.17 1.27 1.37 1.46 1.56 1.66 1.76
1~ .81 .91 1.02 1.12 122 1:62 1.42 1.52 1.63 1.73 1.83
IH .84 .9.5 1.05 1.16 127 1.37 1.47 1.58 1.69 1.79 1.90
lj( .88 .98 1.09 1.20 1.31 1.42 1.53 1.64 1.75 1.86 1.97
lU
}Z
.91
.94
1.02
1.05
1.13
1.17
1.25
1.29
1.36
1.41
1.47
1.52
1.59
1.64
1.70
1.76
1.81
1.88
1.93
1.99
2.04
2.11
IH .97 1.09 1.21 1.33 1.45 1.57 1.70 1.82 1.94 2.06 2.18
2 1.00 1.13 1.25 1.38 1.50 1.63 1.75 1.88 2.00 2.13 2.25
When holes Bre punched tbe diameter of the hole should be taken 7iI
Inch greater tban tbe dl .. meter of the rivet or bolt.
For drilled holes the diameter may be taken only loch greater n
then the diameter of' thc rivet or b "lt.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 115
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
In".
-
0" 1" 2"
----
3"
~~I 6" 7"
8" I 9" 10" 11"
----
0 0 .0833 .1667 .2500 .3333
1.
.4167 5000 .5833 .6667 .7500 .8333 .9167
.~ .0013 .0846 .1680 .2513 .3346 .4180 .5013 .5846 .6680 .7513 .8346 .9180
.0026 .0859 .169& .2526 .3359 .41 93 .5026 , .5859 1 .6693 .7526 .91&3
'"
.8359
-h
.;.
...
-I.
.0039
.0052
.0065
.0078
.0872 .li06 .2539 .3372
.0898 .1732 .2565 .3398 .4232 .5065 .5898 .6732 .7565 .8398 .9232
.0911 .1745 .2578 .3411 .4245 .5078 .5911 .6745 .7578 .8411 .9U5
.7539
.7552
.8372
.8385
.9206
.9219
i. .0091 .0924 .1758 .2591 .3424 .4.258 .5()<)1 . 5~24 .6758 .7591 .8124 .9258
% .0104 .0937 .1771 .2604 .3437 .4271 .5104 .5937 .6771 .7604 .8137 .9271
.\ .0117 .0951 .1784 .2617 .3451 .4.284 .5117 .5951 .6734 .7617 .8451 .9']84
.5130 .6797 .7630 .8464 .9297
*
f.
it
.0130
.0143
.0156
.0964 .1797 .2630 .3464
.0977 .1810 .2643 .3477
.0990 .1823 .2656 .3490
.4.297
.4310
.4323
.5143
.5156
.5964
.5977
.5990
.6810 .76~3 .8477
.6823 .7656 .8490
.9310
.9323
U .0169 .1003 .1836 .2669 .3503 .4336 .5169 .6003 .6836 .7669 .8503 .9336
i. .0182 .10111 .1849 .2682 .3516 .4349 .5182 .6016 .6849 .768'2 .8516 .9340
it .0195 .1029 .1862 .2695 .3529 .4362 .5195 .6029 .6862 7695 .8529 .9362
~ .0208 .1042 .1875 .2708 .8542 .4375 .5208 .6042 .6S75 .7708 8512 .9375
it .0221 .1055 .18b8 .2721 .3555 .4388 .6221 .6055 .6888 .7721 .8555 .9388
.\ .0234 .1068 .1901 .2734 .3568 .4401 .5234 .6068 .6901 .773! .8568 .9401
if .0'247 .IOR1 .1914 .2747 .3681 .4414 .5247 .6081 .6914 .7747 .8581 .0414
f. .0260 .109! .1927 .2760 .3594 .4427 .5260 .6094 .6027 .7760 .8594 .9427
it .0273 .1107 .1940 .2773 .3607 .4440 .5273 .6107 .6940 .7773 .8607 .9440
U .0286 .1120 .1953 .2786 .3620 .4453 .5286 .6120 .69.)3 .776 .8620 .9t53
U .0299 . l1S3 .1966 .2799 .3633 .4466 .5299 .6133 .6066 .7799 .8633 .9466
% .0312 .1146 .1979 .2812 .3646 .4479 .5312 .6146 .69;9 .7812 .8646 .9479
it '0326 .1159 .1992 .2826 .3659 .4492 .5326 .6159 .6992 .7826 .8659 .9492
U .0339 .1172 .2005 .2839 .3672 .4505 .5339 .6172 .7005 .7839 '8672 .9505
it .0352 .1185 .2018 .2852 .R685 .4518 .5352 .618(i .7018 .7852 .8685 .9518
Ie .0365 .1198 .2031 .2865 .3698 .4531 .5365 .6198 .7031 .7865 .8698 .9531
if .0378 .'-211 .2044 .2878 .3711 .4544 .5378 .6211 .7044 .7878 .8711 .%44
iI .0391 .1224\.20;;7 .2891 .3724 .4557 .5391 .6224 .7057 .7891 .8724 .9557
U .0404 .1237 .2070 .2904\.3737 .4570 .5404 .6237 .7070 .7904 .8737 .9570
/~ .0417 !250 .2083 .2917 .3750 .4583 .5417 .6250 .7083 .7917 .8750 .9583
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 117
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
I
InCh'l~ I" 2" 3" 4"
----
5" 6" 7" 8" 9" ]0" II"
Yo .{)H7 .1250 .2083 .2917 .3750 .4583 .5417 .6250 .7083 .7917 .8750 .9583
ii .()t30 .1263 .2096 .2930 .3763 .4596 .5430 .6263 .7096 .7930 .8763 .9596
H .()t43 .1276 .2 109 .2913 .3776 .4609 .5443 .6276 .7109 .7913 .8776 .9609
it .M56 .1289 .212"l .2956 .3789 .4622 .&156 .6289 .7122 .7956 .8789 .0022
f. .()t69 .1302 .2 135 .2969 .3802 .4635 .5469 .6302 .7135 .7969 .8802 .0035
it .0182 .1315 .2148 .2982 .3815 .4648 .&182 .6315 .7148 .7982 .8815 .9648
U .{)195 .1328 .2161 .2995 .3828 .4661 .549j .6328 .7161 .7995 .8828 .%61
it .OWS .1341 .2174 .3008 .8841 .4674 .5508 .6341 .7174 .8008 .8841 .9674
% .Qj21 .1354 .2188 .3021 .3854 .4688 .5521 .6354 .7188 .8021 .8834 .9688
U .0534 .1367 .2201 .3034 .3867 .4701 .5534 .6367 .7201 .8034 .SS67 .9701
U .0547 .1380 .2"114 .3M7 .3880 .4il4 .5547 .6380 .7214 .8{)17 .8880 .9714
ti .0560 .1393 .2227 .3060 .3893 .4727 .5560 .6393 .7227 .8060 .8893 .9727
U .0573 .1406 .2240 .3073 .3900 .4740 .5573 .6406 .7240 .8073 .8906 .9740
.0ii86 .1419 .2253
*n .0599 .1432 .2266
.3086 .3919 .4753 .5586 .6419 .7253 .8056 .8919
.3099 .3932 .4766 .5599 6432 .7266 .8099 .8932
.9753
.9766
if .0612 .1445 .2~9 .3112 .3945 .4779 .6612 .6415 .7279 .8112 .8945 J'7i9
7.l .0625 .1458 .2292 .3125 .3958 .4792 .5625 .6458 .7292 .8125 .895~ .~792
at .0638 .1471 .2305 .3138 .39il .4805 .5638 .6171 .73m .8138 .8971 .9805
U .0651 .1484 .2318 .3151 .3984 .4818 .5651 .64S! .7318 .8151 .8984 .9818
It .0664 .1497 .23.11 .3164 .3997 .4831 .5664 .6497 .7331 .81&1 .8W7 .9831
ii .0077 .1510 .2344 .3177 .4010 04844 .6677 .6510 .7344 .8177 .0010 .9844
U .0090 .1523 .2357 .3190 .4023 .4857 .5690 .6523 .7357 .8190 .9023 .9857
U .0703 .1536 .2370 .3203 .4036 .4870 .5703 .6536 .7370 .8203 .9036 .9SiO
~~ .0716 .1&19 .2)83 .3216 A()t9 .4883 .5716 .6549 .7383 .8216 .9049 .9883
Ya .0729 .1562 .2396 .3229 .4062 .4896 .5729 .6562 .7396 .8229 .9062 .9:;96
It .0742 .1576 .2409 .3242 .4076 .4909 .5742 .6576 .7409 .8242 .9076 .9909
!I .0755 .1589 .2422 .3255 .4089 .492~ .5755 .6589 .7422 .8255 .9089 .992'l
It .0768 .1602 .2435 .3268 04102 .4935 .5768 .6002 .74.35 .8268 .9102 .9935
U .0781 .1615 .2448 .3281 .4115 .4948 .5781 .6615 .7448 .8281 .911.'; .9948
Ii .0794. .1628 .2461 .3294 .4128 .4961 .5794 .6628 .7461 .8294 .S128 .9961
ii .08(17 .1641 .2474 .3307 .4141 .4974 .5807 .6Ml .7474 .8307 .9141 9974
U .0820 .1654 .2487 .3320 .4154 .4987 .5820 1'6654 .7487 .8320 .9154 .9987
1 1.0000
-
118 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
INDEX .
PAGB
Allowable variation in weights of sections 9
Angles, connection, for I beams and girder beams 88-89
Area, reduction of, for rivet holes . . . 114
Areas, method of increasing sectional . . . 9
Beams, bearing plates for . . . . . . . . 106-107
bending moment, shear and deflection of . 101
deflection of . . . . . . . . . . 102-103
grillage, calculation of. . . . . . . . 108-109
notes on strength and deflection of. . . 99-101
unsupported sideways, red\\ced loads for 56
Beams, Bethlehem I:
comparison of, with Standard I beams . 41
dimensions of . . . . . . 33
distance c. to c., for equal radii of gyration 42
moments of resistance for, in ft. Ibs. 39
properties of . . . . . . . . . . 36-37
safe loads, uniformly distributed for 61-65
" " for, used as columns 76-77
safe shear on webs of . . . . . 66-67
shapes of . . . . . . . . . . 19-25
standard gauges for rivet holes in 94-95
weights of . . . . . . . . . . 33
Beams, Bethlehem Rolled Girder:
comparison of, with Standard I beams 40
dimensions of . . . . . . . . . . 32
distance c. to c., for equal radii of gyration 42
moments of resistance for, in ft. Ibs.. 38
properties of . . . . . . . . . . 34-35
safe loads, uniformly distributed for 57-60
" " for, used as columns . 74-75
safe shear on webs of . . . . . 66-67
shapes of . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
standard gauges for rivet holes in 96
weights of . . . . . . . . . . 32
Bearing plates, notes on . . . . . . 106-107
Bending moments, for usual methods of loading . . 101
~
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 119
PAC _
Bolts, weights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Bridges, Bethlehem beams and girders for railroad. 68-69
Columns, Bethlehem Rolled Steel H :
areas of . . . . . . . . 44-51
connections and details for . . . 97-98
dimensions of . . . . . . . . 44-51
example showing method of selecting 73
properties of . 44-51
safe loads for. . . . . . . . . . 78-85
shapes of . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29
special section, uses and properti es of 52-53
weights of . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-51
Compound Columns, weights and properties of 54-55
safe loads for. . . . . . . . . . . . . 86-87
Connection angles for I beams and girder beams . 88-89
minimum spans for . . . . . . . 90-91
Cutting to length, allowable variation in 9
Decimals of a foot, for each nth inch 116-117
" an inch, for each 1>\th .. Wi
Deflection of beams, notes on 102- 103
Dimensions of Bethlehem girder Learns 32
" Bethlehem Ii column sections. 44-51
" Bethlehem I beams 33
Explanation of Bethlehem structural shapes. . 4-9
Formulas for Lending moments and dp.flections 101
Grillage beams, notes on calculation of. . . 108-109
Rivet holes, reduction of area for . . . . . . .. 114
Rivet spacing for Bethlehem beams and girders 94-96
Rivets, shearing and bearing values for. 110-111
weights of . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Separators for I beams and girder beams 92-93
Shear, safe, on webs of beams . . . . 66-67
Tie rods, size and spacing of . . . . . 104-105
Weights of beams, Bethlehem I and girder. 32-33
" bearing plates . . . . . . 106-107
"bolts ........ . 113
" connection angles for beams 88-89
" H column sections . 44-51
" rivets. . . . . . . 112
.. separators for beams 92-93
.~
'/"
I