Catalogue of Bethlehem Structural Shapes 1911

CATALOGUE
13/
BETHLEHEM
STRUOTURAL SHAPES
MANUFACTURED BY
BETH L EH E M STEEL COMPANY
SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PA.
PREPARED UNDER DIRECTION 011

GEORGE H. BLA KEtEY.
MEM. AM. SOC. C. .
MEM . AM. 8OC. M. e.
GENERAL OFFICES,
At the Works, Sout h Beth lehem, Pa.
BRANCH SALES OFFICES:

BOSTON, 141 Milk Street.
NEW YORK, 111 Broadway.
PHIJ.ADELPliIA, Morris Building.
PITTSBURGH, First National Bank Building.
CLEVELAND, 1266 Ontario Street.
CHICAGO, Peoples Gas Building.
SAN FRANCISCO, Crocker Building.
LoNDON, 25 Victoria Street, S. W.
JANUARY, 1911 8-4

2 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
NO T IC E.
This edition of the catalogue supersedes previous issues.

It differs from the 1909 edition in some unimpl)rtaTlt
changes only, and in the addition of further informatIOn
relating to the use and application of the Bethlehem
Sections.
Information has been added regarding Compound Col-
emns, built of Bethlehem H Sections with cover plates,
as such may be of service where columns of larger sec-
tional area than at present rolled are needed for very
heavy loads.
While the catalogue shows the 8-inch and 9-inch I Beams,
Sections B8 and B9, our patrons are advised that these
small beams are not rolled at preser.t, nor until further
notice. Otherwise all the sections shown in the cata-
logue are produced.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
January, 191 I .
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 3
PR E FAC E.
B EFORE placing the Grey Mills at Bethlehem in operation,

the sections proposed to be rolled were designed and pub-
lished in advance for the information of engineers and
architects regarding the radical improvement in structural
shapes, which the enterprise of the Bethlehem Steel Company
purposed to offer in this country.
For more than a year the mills have now been in most suc-
cessful operation, and the proposed sections, which were an un-
precedented innovation, have since been used in hundreds of
structures by the leading engineers and architects of this country.
The experience thus acquired with actual demand has suggested
some slight modifications of the sections, increasing their adapt-
ability for the varied uses to which they have been applied.
Wide flanges so greatly increase the lateral strength of beams,
adapting them to many purposes for which the previous Standard
beams of the country could not be used, that it was found to be
an improvement to further increase the width of the flanges of
the Bethlehem I beam sections. Due to the greater effective
depth of section thus secured, the thickness of the webs has
been slightly increased in proportion, in most instances without
adding to the weight of the sections.
A uniform bevel of 9 per cent. has now been adopted for the
'flanges of all beam and girder sections as a metallurgical im-
provement, and also for reasons of mechanical convenience of
production.
Considerable reduction has been made in the number of
column sections rolled, though still affording the same range of
sizes, from minimum to maximum, as previously, Experience
with the actual demands of construction has demonstrated that
the range of sizes given in the present catalog is ampl y sufficient
for every purpose; and, as they are produced with fewer roll
changes, they consequently can be furnished more promptly.
SoUTH BBTHLBHRM, PA.
May 1, 1909.
4 BE THLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
BETHLEHEM
S T Rue T U R A L S HAP E S .
Bethlehem structural shapes have proven to be a radical im-

provement and advance in the field of structural steel, reducing
the cost and extending the use of steel in construction. They
have achieved a remarkable success, and are highly regarded and
strongly endorsed by leading engineers and architects.
Bethlehem structural shapes are wide flange I beam sections
rolled by the Grey Universal Beam Mill. Similar beams, 10 to
30 inches deep, with flanges 10 to 12 inches wide, have been rolled
by the Grey Mill in Germany since 1902 and are used extensively
in Europe, England, Canada, and elsewhere . The larger and
improved Grey Mills at Bethlehem, placed in successful operation
early in 1908, rendered such sections available with their numerous
advantages for the first time in this country.
In regard to shape and strength, Bethlehem Sections afford
great advantages unobtainable with old style Standard beams.
They can be used for every purpose instead of ordinary beams,
or even instead of riveted sections, with economy in weight or
saving in cost of fabrication, and in most cases with a saving both
in weight and in cost of fabrication.
I nstead of the horizontal grooved rolls of the old style mill, the
Grey M ill has both horizontal and vertical rolls, forming the web
and flanges of a beam by coincident rolling operations. Wider
flanges are thus obtained than can be made by former methods of
rolling The method of rolling is shown by Fig. 1, on the next
page. The horizontal rolls, H, and the vertical rolls, V, are
brought proportionately closer together at each successive passage
of the beam through the rolls. Fig. 2 represents a' supplementary
mill through which the beam passes, the purpose of which is to
edge the flanges only, no other work being done in this secondary
mill .
For large beams the ingot is cast approximately of an I beam
shape, as shown by Fig. 3, in which the outer line represents the
cross-section of the ingot in relation to the finished beam, both
being drawn to scale. By successive reductions the ingot is rolled
into a beam of proportionate dimensions,
riG. 1. fIG. 2. fiG. 3 .
Shapes produced by the Grey Mill have thus a uniform work

of reduction in the rolling on all parts of the section, which is not
the case in beams rolled by the ordinary mill. The web is the
only part of the shape actually rolled in the ordinary beam mill,
the flanges being produced by crowding and dragging the metal
through the flange grooves. Especially larger sizes of beams
rolled by the old method show great variations in strength of the
metal in the web and flanges, indicating a condition of internal
stress due to the very unequal deformation in the rolling. Shapes
of all sizes rolled by the Grey Mill, due to their scientific method
of production, have practically a uniform quality of metal through-
out the section and consequently an absence of internal stress.
Such sections are safer and more reliable than beams rolled in the
old way, especially when subject to impact or vibration.
In the following table this uniformity of quality is illustrated
by results taken at random from numerous tests of Bethlehem
sections:
Loeation IDtim&1a Strength, El.su. Limi~ Elongation Reduction

of Te.l Pi.... Lb. per Sq. In. Lbs. per Sq. In. in 8 Inches. of !rea.
30" I Beam:
Web, 66,550 39,960 25.6% 50.6%
Flange, 63,190 37,200 26.2 " 51.5 "
Root, 64,480 38,880 26.3 " 49.8 "
14" H Column:
Web, 63,670 39,590 32.5% 55.2%
Flange, 61,740 38,180 31.2 " 59.9 "
Root, 63,520 37,900 28.2 " 54.6 "
Webs of Standard beams are much thicker than required for

a scientifically proportioned section. It is impossible to reduce
the web thickness in the ordinary mill, but with the Grey Mill the
webs can be produ-ed of the desired thickness. By adding part
of tbe metal thus saved to the flanges, the strength of the beam is
maintained, thereby affording a lighter section having the same
strength.
Prior to the introduction of Bethlehem sections, American steel
mills charged consumers for 10 to 15 per cent. of useless metal in
steel beams.
Heretofore the largest beam rolled in this country has been
24 inches deep, weighing 100 Ibs. per foot, and having a section
modulus of 198. Wbenever greater strength was required, a
riveted girder was necessary. Bethlehem beams range to a maxi-
mum size of 30 inches deep, weighing 200 Ibs. per foot, and having
a section modulus of 610, or more tban three times the strength of
the largest beam previously rolled. The opportunity for using
rolled beams instead of built-up riveted girders is, therefore, greatly
increased.
Bethlehem rolled beam and girder sections can be advan-
tageously used as girders for buildings, crane runways, short span
bridges, track stringers, and for many other purposes where the
more expensive type of riveted girder has heretofore been necessary.
These rolled beams and rolled girders afford a saving in weight
of metal and also a large economy in cost of fabrication, as they do
not require the punching, assembling, and riveting necessary for
building a riveted girder. The rolled beams can be obtained
promptly as contrasted with the delay always experienced in pro-
curing riveted girders.
Wide flanges give increased lateral stiffness, which commends
the use of sucb beams in many cases, where the narrow flanges and
lack of sufficient lateral rigidity prevent the use of ordinary Stand-
ard beams. Wide flanges also afford ample bearing surface and
rigidity for girders for bridge floors, in which respects Standard
beams are notably deficient.
Bethlehem structural shapes are designed to meet the require-
ments of American structural practice. Three separate types of
shapes are furnished, viz.: Bethlehem I Beams, Girder Beams, and
H Column sections.
BETHLEHEM Z BEAMS.
Bethlehem I Beams from 8 inches to 24 inches in depth, in-
clusive, have the same strength, or section modulus and coefficient
of strength, as Star.dard beams of the same depth. Bethlehem
beams, due to the scientific proportion of the sections, weigh
generally 10 per cent. less than Standard beams of the same
depth and strength. For example, a Bethlehem 15-inch I Beam,
weighing 54 Ibs. per foot, has a coefficient of strength of 867,000.
The corr('~ponding Standard section is a 15-inch I beam weighing
60 Ibs. per foot, having a coefficient of strength of 866,100. There-
fore, for equal strength, the Bethlehem beam weighs 6 Ibs. per
foot less than the Standard beam, or a saving of 10 per cent. in
weight.
Similar comparisons with other sizes of the Standard beams
previously rolled by the mills of this country will show that the
Bethlehem I beams afford an equal carrying capacity, but with
practically 10 per cent. less weight of metal.
The table of "Comparison of Bethlehem I Beams with
Standard I Beams," on page 41, shows the relation between the
two types of beams for all sizes.
BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS .

Bethlehem Girder Beams from 8 inches to 24 inches in depth,
inclusive, have a strength, or section modulus and coefficient of
strength, equal to that of two minimum weight Standard I beams
of the same depth. The girder beam, however, weighs generally
12~ per cent. less than the combined weight of the two Standard
beams, not considering the saving in weight of separators needed
for assembling the Standard beams into a girder. For example, a
Bethlehem 15-inch girder beam, weighing 73 Ibs. per foot, has a
coefficient of strength of 1,256,000. Two Standard 15-inch I
beams, each weighing 42 Ibs. per foot, have a total coefficient of
strength of 1,256,600. Thus, for equal depth and coefficient of
strength, the girder beam weighs llibs. per foot less than tbe two
Standard beams. This is a saving of 13 per cent. in weight, not
including separators, which would add at least 2~ Ibs. per foot
more to the weight of the assembled girder. In this case a total
saving of 16 per cent. in weight is afforded by the Bethlehem
girder beam, besides the saving in the cost of assembling the Stand-
ard beams into a girder.
'.Che table of "Comparison of Bethlehem Girder Beams with
Girders of Standard Beams," on page 40, shows the relation be-
tween the two types of beams.
The tables on pages 40 and 41 furnish a key for the comparison
of Bethlehem I beams and girder beams with Standard beams.
A framing plan for Standard beam shapes may be easily revised for
the use of Bethlehem beam sections. In general, no rearrangement
of the plan will be necessary and no recalculation will be re-
quired, except to select the proper Bethlehem sections which are
equivalent in strength to the Standard beams and girders.
BETHLEHEM ROLLED H COLUMNS.

All column shapes having the same section number are made
by the same rolls. Thus, the 14-inch H columns, comprising all
the weights and variations in size of sections shown on page 44,
are from the same rolls, furnishing a series of rolled columns of
similar shape. Columns can thus be selected of the proper areas
to suit variations of load, affording a wide range of sizes from the
same rolling and insuring prompt delivery.
To provide for splices and connections is the only fabrication
required for these rolled columns. In the case of columns with
thick metal the hc.les require drilling, which can be done econom-
ically with a multiple drill. The saving in cost of fabricating the
rolled column as compared with a built-up riveten column is a
great advantage in favor of the solid rolled shape. Sections can be
spliced to make a practically continuous column, and connections
are easily made in the most approved manner of the best structural I
practice. All surfaces of the column are accessible for painting.
All Bethlehem sections are of open hearth steel exclusively,

conforming to Manufacturers' Standard specifications, and also
to American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way
Associ{Ltion specifications. Material complying with any other
standard specifications may be furnished by special arrangement.
Large ingots, up to 10 tons in weight, are used, so that the work of
reduction in rolling the shapes is sufficient to develop proper duc-
tility of metal.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY . 9
EXPLANATORY NOTES.
The flanges of Bethlehem I beams and girder beams have
a uniform slope of 9 per cent. The flanges of the H column
sections have a uniform slope of 2 per cent.
Bethlehem I beams and girder beams are increased, as shown
in Fig. 1, by spreading the main rolls, which adds an equal
amount to the thickness of the web and to the width of the flanges,
all other dimensions remaining unchanged.
H column sections are increased, as shown in Fig. 2, by
spreading both sets of rolls; the thickness of the web an<;l the
width of the flanges are increased equally, the thickness of the
flanges being increased a proportionate amount.
Weights tabulated for Bethlehem I beams provide sufficient
variations for ordinary purposes. Only the minimum weights
are tabulated for the girder beams. Intermediate or heavier
weights, corresponding to the usual variations of Standard beams,
may be furnished by special arrangement. The H column sec-
tions are rolled only to the weights given in the tables.
The se::tiong are numbered throughout the tables for con-
venience in identification and ordering.
Shapes will be cut to ordered length within an allowable
v:Lriation either way, as follows: BethleheI)1 I beams 'from
8" to 24", inclusive, within Ys inch; all other sections, within
Yz inch. For cutting _with less variation, or to exact length, an
extra price is charged.
Sections are furnished only at catalog weight. Shapes may
have an allowable variation of 2Yz % from nominal section.
fJG.2
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0.75
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180
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180 Lbs.
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BE'l' HLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 23
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
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SECTION
for intermediate weights and dimensions,

See page 46.
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30 BET HLEHEM STEE L COMPANY.
DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES O f"

BETHLEHEM X BEAMS AND GIRDER BEAMS .
Weights and dimensions of all the sizes of Bethlehem I beams

usually rolled are given in the table on page 33. Sufficient
variations of weights are provided in general for all ordinary
purposes of construction. Intermediate or heavier weights may
be furnished by special arrangement, but only in variations
corresponding to the regular weights of Standard beams.
Properties of Bethlehem I beams are given in the table on
pages 36-37. The minimum weight of each section, from 8 inches
to 24 inches in deptn, inclusive, has a coefficient of strength or
section modulus equal to that of the corresponding minimum
weight Standard beam of the same depth, as will be seen by
reference to the table of comparison on page 41. Because of
their scientifically proportioned profile, the Bethlehem beams
in general weigh 10 per cent. less than corresponding old style,
or Standard, beams of equal strength.
Weights and dimensions of the minimum sections of Bethle-
hem girder beams are given in the table on page 32. Heavier
weights may be furnished by special arrangement, but only in
increments corresponding to the regular weights of Standard
beams.
Properties of Bethlehem girder beams are given in the table
on pages 34-35. From 8 inches to 24 inches in depth, inclusive,
these girder beams have a coefficient of strength or section modulus
equal to that of two corresponding minimum weight Standard
beams of the same depth, as will be seen by reference to the table
of comparison on page 40. The weight of the girder beam is in
general 12~ per cent. less than the combined weight of the
two corresponding Standarl beams, not including the separators
for assembling the latter into a girder of equal strength.
The increase in thickness of web and in width of flanges is
given for one pound increase in weight of the beam or girder
section, by means of which the dimensions of intermediate or
heavier weights can be determined.
Coefficients of strength are given for maximum fiber stresses
of 16,000 lbs. and for 12,500 lbs. per square inch. If the loads
are quiescent or nearly so, as in buildings, the coefficients for
16,000 lbs. are generally used; but when moving loads are
to be supported, coefficients for smaller fiber stresses should be
used.
These coefficients of strength afford a simple means of finding
the safe uniformly distributed load for any beam. Divide the
coefficient, given for the beam, by the length of the span in feet.
The quotient is the safe uniformly distributed load in pounds,
including the weight of the beam.
To select a beam to support a given load on a given span,
find the coefficient of strength required and refer to the tables
for a beam having a coefficient of that value. The coefficient
required is found by multiplying the uniformly distributed load
in pounds by the span in feet.
If the load is concentrated at tne center of the span, the safe
load is one-half the safe uniformly distributed load for the same
span. To select a beam for supporting a load concentrated at
the center of the span, multiply the given load by 2 and consider
the result as a uniform load.
If the load is not uniformly distributed or not con.c cntrated
at the center of span, the bending moment must be employed.
The moment of resistance of the beam, in foot-lbs., must be
equal to the bending moment of the loading in foot-Ibs. Moments
of resistance, in foot-Ibs., for Bethlehem beams and girder beams
are given on pages 38- 39.
In selecting the proper beam required to support a given
leading, the section modulus may also be used. The section
modulus required is found by dividing the bending moment of
the loading, in inch-lbs., by the allowable fiber stress in lbs. per
square inch.
The maximum fiber stress, in lbs. per square inch, in a beam
supporting a given loading is found by dividing the bending
moment produced by the loading, in inch-lbs., by the section
modulus of the beam.
In the case of very short spans, or of heavy concentrated
loads, the crippling strength of the web may limit the safe allow-
able load on a beam, or dete~mine the selection of a beam for
supporting a given loading. The tables give the maximum safe
shear on the webs, calculated by the customary formula for that
purpose, as explained on pages 66- 67.
32 B ETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
TI
1'--_."9 '- - -0:
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF
I
i
o w BETHLEHEM
L N!~'
GIRDER BEAMS.
DIIiENSIONS, IN INCHES.
Weight
S.,ti,n per fl&nge Thiokness.
Web
~id~~
Depth. Thick JlAdius of
Number. 'oo~ rillet.
Pounds. ness. At Edge. At Rool
0 B W M N R
- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -
G30a 200.0 30 15.00 .750 0.950 1.591 .90
G30 180.0 30 13.00 .690 1.035 1.589 .90
G28a 180.0 28 14.35 .690 0.920 1.535 .85
G28 165.0 28 12.50 .660 1.000 1.533 .85
G26a 160.0 26 13.60 .630 0.885 1.469 .80
G26 150.0 26 12.00 .630 0.955 1.469 .80
G24a 140.0 24 13.00 .600 0.800 1.358 .70
G24 120.0 24 12.00 .530 0.730 1.246 .70
G20a 140.0 20 12.50 .640 0.930 1.464 .7!5
G20 112.0 20 12.00 .550 0.695 1.210 .65
GI8 92.0 18 11.50 0480 0.590 1.087 .60
G15 b 140.0 15 11.75 .800 1.090 1.583 .95
GI5 a 104.0 15 11.25 .600 0.770 1.249 .75
GI5 73.0 15 10.50 0430 0.520 0.974 .55
G12 a 70.0 12 10.00 0460 0.575 1.004 .55
GI2 55.0 12 9.75 .370 00415 0.837 045
GIO 44.0 10 9.00 .310 0.370 0.763 040
G9 38.0 9 8.50 .300 0.335 0.704 040
G8 32.5 8 8.00 .290 0.295 0.642 040
~
~-'B-~
~-- .i 'I
WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF " R
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS. w
" o
I
M; N 1
DlIIENSJONS. IN INCHES.
Weight
Seclion perF",,!, Web Flange Thiokness. RadillB of
Number. Pounds.
Depth. ~idL~~ Thi,kn'ss.
AI Edge. AI R",,~
Fillel.
D B W M N R
-----
B3D 120.0 30 10.500 .540 .735 1.183 .65
E28 105.0 28 10.000 .500 .675 1.102 .60
B26 90.0 26 9.500 .460 .600 1.007 .55
B24a 84.0 24 9.250 .460 .585 .980 .55
83.0 24 9.130 .520 .510 .897 .50
B24
73.0 24 9.000 .390 .510 .897 .50
82.0 20 8.890 .570 .580 .955 .55
B2Da 8.750 .430
72.0 20 .580 .955 .55
69.0 20 8.145 .520 .475 .818 .45
B20 64.0 20 8.075 .450 .475 .818 .45
59.0 20 8.000 .375 .475 .818 .45
59.0 18 7.675 .495 .430 .753 .40
54.0 18 7.590 .410 .430 .753 .40
Bl8
52.0 18 7.555 .375 .430 .753 .40
48.5 18 7.500 .320 .430 .753 .40
B15b 71.0 15 7.500 .520 .785 1.099 .60
ElSa 64.0 15 7.195 .605 .590 .887 .50
54.0 15 7.000 .410 .590 .887 .50
46.0 15 6.810 .440 .400 .686 .40
El5 41.0 15 6.710 .340 .400 .686 .40
38.0 15 6.660 .290 .400 .686 .40
E12a 36.0 12 6.300 .310 .440 .710 .40
B12 32.0 12 6.205 .335 .330 .594 .35
28.5 12 6.120 .250 .330 .594 .35
28.5 10 5.990 .390 .270 .522 .30
ElO 23.5 5.850
10 .250 .270 .522 .30
24.0 9 5.555 .365 .245 .479 .30
EO
20.0 9 5.440 .250 .245 .479 .30
19.5 8 5.325 .325 .205 .430 .30
B8 17.5 5.250
8 .250 .205 .430 .30
~
S4 BE THLEHEM STEEL COMPANY .
!
PROPERTIES OF
Increase NEUTRAL AXIS PERPENDICU-

Thiek- of Web liR TO WEB AT CENTER.
D' ptb Weight Are. of Width and
ness Flange
Section of per Section. of
of for each
Number. Beam, Foo~ Square Flange, Pound Momentof
Radius Section
of
Web,
Inches. Pounds. Inches. Inches. Incr.... InertiL Gyration. lIodulus.
lnohes. ofWeigh ~
Inche. I r 5
- - - ----- -
G30 a 30 200.0 58.71 .750 15.00 .010 9150.6 12.48 610.0
G30 30 180.0 53.00 .690 13.00 .010 8194.5 12.43 546.3
G28 a 28 180.0 52.86 .690 14.35 .011 7264.7 11.72 518.9

G28 28 165.0 48.47 .660 12.50 .011 6562.7 11.64 468.8
G26 a 26 160.0 46.91 .630 13.60 .011 5620.8 10.95 432.4 j

G26 26 150.0 43.94 .630 12.00 .011 5153.9 10.83 396.5 1
G24a 24 140.0 41.16 .600 13.00 .01 2 4201.4 10.10 35\).1
G24 24 120.0 35.38 .530 12.00 .012 3607.3 10.10 300.6
G20a 20 140.0 41.19 .640 12.50 .015 2934.7 8.44 293.5

G20 20 112.0 32.81 .550 12.00 .015 2342.1 8.45 234.2
GI8 18 92.0 27.1 2 .480 11.50 .016 151)1.4 7.66 176.8
G15 b 15 140.0 41.27 .800 11.75 .020 1592.7 6.21 212.4

G15a 15 104.0 30.50 .600 11.25 .020 1220.1 6.32 162.7
GI5 15 73.0 21.49 .430 10.50 .020 883.4 6.41 117.8
G12 a 12 70.0 20.58 .460 10.00 .025 538.8 5.12 89.8

G12 12 55.0 16.18 .370 9.75 .025 432.0 5.17 72.0
GIO 10 44.0 12.95 .310 9.00 .030 244.2 4.34 48.8

G9 9 38.0 11.22 .300 8.50 .033 170.9 3.90 38.0
G8 8 32.5 9.54 .290 8.00 .037 114.4 3.46 28.6
I
W = Safe load in poun ds, uniformly distributed, including weight of beam.
L =Span, in feet . M= Moment of fo rces, in foot pounds.
BET H LEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 85
PROPERTIES OF
NEUTR.!L .HIS COIN-

COEFFICIENT OF STRENGTlI GIDENT WITH CEN-
Maximum TER LINE OF WEB.
Safe Shear
For Fib<>rStress Add for ror Fiber Stress A.dd for Secli on
on Web,
of 12,500 Lb . ...h Lb. Moment
of 16,000 Lb e&lJh Lb.
J16r ~In.for Incre&S&
Buil ings. in Weight
r: Sq. In. for Iner6&S&
in
oring Load in Weight Pounds.
of
Inerti.
Radius
of
Gyration.
Numbor.
of Beam. C' of Beam.

C I' r'
-- --- -- --
6,507,100 15690 5,083, 700 12270 189,300 630.2 3.28 G30a
5,827,200 15690 4,552,500 ] 2270 165,200 433.3 2.86 G30
5,535,000 14640 4,324,200 11450 161,500 533.3 3.18 G28 a

5,000,100 14640 3,906,400 11450 150,300 371.9 2.77 G28
4,611,900 13600 3,603,100 10630 135,900 435.7 3.05 G26 a

4,228,800 13600 3,303,800 10630 135,900 314.6 2.68 G26
3,734,600 12550 2,9 17,600 9820 121,700 346.9 2.90 G24a ,

3,206,500 12550 2,505,100 9820 98,500 249.4 2.66 G24
3, 130,300 10460 2,445,600 8180 124,200 348.9 2.91 G20 a

2, 498,300 10460 1,951,800 8180 98,500 239.3 2. 70 G20
1,886,100 9410 1,473,500 7360 76,100 182.6 2.59 G18
2,265,200 7840 1,769,700 6140 134,200 331.0 2.83 G15 b

1,735,300 7840 1,355,700 6140 94,300 213.0 2.64 GI5 a
1,256,600 7840 981,600 6140 59,200 123.2 2.39 ' GI5
957,800 6280 748,300 4910 57,200 114.7 2.36 G12 a

768,000 6280 600,000 4910 42,300 81.1 2.24 G12
521,000 5230 407,000 4090 29,800 57.3 2.10 GIO

405,000 4710 316,400 3680 26,700 44.1 1.98 G9
305,100 4180 238,300 3270 23,600 32.9 1.86 GS
C and C'=Coefficients giv en in the tables.

W_~ rC' . M_ CorC' Cor C' -WL- 8l11-! fS.
L 8
PROPERTIES OF
BETHLEHEM l: BEAMS .
Incr..... NEUTRAL AXIS PERPENDICULAR

Depth Weighl IArea Thick- Width of and
ne..
Web TO WEB AT CENTER.
Seotion
Number.
of
Beam,
per
Foo~
of
Section, of
of I'1Ange fo
Ji'l&nge, each Lb. lIom.nl
Square Web, In'hes. Increase
of
I Radius Sect"
of Ion
Inohes. Pounds. ,fWeighl. InertiA.j Gyration. lIodulus.
Inches. Inches.
Inches.
IrS
- - -- -- - - - - - 1 -- - - 1 - - -
B30 30 120.0 35.30 .540 1O.50J .010 5239.6 12.18 349.3
B28 28 105.0 30.88 .500 10.000 .011 4014.1 11.40 286.7
B26 26 90.0 26.49 .460 9.500 .011 2977.2 10.60 229.0
B24a 24 84.0 24.80 .460 9.250 .012 238U 9.80 198.5
B24 24 83.0 24.59 .520 9.130 .012 2240.9 9.55 186.7
24 73.0 21.47 .390 9.000 .012 2091.0 9.87 174.3
B20 a 20 82.0 24.17 .570 8.890 .015 1559.8 8.03 156.0
20 72.0 21.37 .430 8.750 .015 1466.5 8.28 146.7
20 69.0 20.26 .520 8.145 .015 1268.9 7.91 126.9
B20 20 64.0 18.86 .450 8.075 .015 1222.1 8.05 122.2
20 59.0 17.36 .375 8.000 .015 1172.2 8.22 117.2
18 59.0 17.40 .495 7.675 .016 883.3 7.12 98. 1
BIB 18 54.0 15.87 .410 7.590 .016 842.0 7.28 93.6
18 52.0 15.24 .375 7.555 .016 825.0 7.36 91.7
18 48.5 14.25 .320 7.500 .016 798.3 7.48 88.7
B15 b 15 71.0 20.95 .520 7.500 .020 796.2 6.16 106.2
B15a 15 64.0 18.81 .605 7.195 .020 664.9 5.95 88.6
15 54.0 15.88 .410 7.000 .020 610.0 6.20 81.3
15 46.0 13.52 .440 6.810 .020 484.8 5.99 64.6
B15 15 41.0 12.02 .340 6.710 .020 456.7 6.16 60.9
15 38.0 11.27 .290 6.660 .020 442.6 6.27 59.0
B12 a 12 36.0 10.61 .310 6.300 .025 269.2 5.04 44.9
B12 12 32.0 9.44 .335 6.205 .025 228.5 4.92 38.1
12 28.5 8.42 .250 6.120 .025 216.2 5.07 36.0
BI0 10 28.5 8.34 .390 5.990 .029 134.6 4.02 26.9
10 23.5 6.94 .250 5.850 .029 122.9 4.21 24.6
B9 9 24.0 7.04 .365 5.555 .033 92.1 3.62 20.5
9 20.0 6.01 .250 5.440 .033 85.1 3.76 18.9
8 19.5 5.7B .325 5.325 .037 60.6 3.24 15.1
BB
8 17.5 5.18 .250 5.250 .037 I 57.4 3.33 14.3
W - Safe load in pounds, uniformly distributed, including weight of beam.
L- Span, in feet. M- Moment of forces, in foot pounds.
L'
PROPERTIES OF
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS.
JlEUTRJ.L illS COlJl-
comWIEIITS 0' STRIIIGTIl CIDEJIT WITH CEJI-
IIAximum TER UJIII 0' WEll.
We Shear
For Fiber Stress Add for For Fiber Stress Addfor on Web, Moment Radius Section
of 16,000 Lbs. each Lb. of 12,500 Lbs. each Lb. Jlumber.
per Sqll&re Inch Increa.sa per SqU&re Inch in of of
Increase Inertia.. Gyration.
for Buildings. in Weight for Moving Loads. in Weight Pounds.
C ofBeam. C' of Beam. I' r'
- - - - -- - - -- --
3,726,000 15690 2,910,900 12270 103,800 165.0 2.16 B30
3,058,400 14640 2,389,300 11450 89,000 131.5 2.06 B28
2,442,800 13600 1,908,500 10630 75,300 101.2 1.95 B26
2,117,300 12550 1,654,100 9820 75,100 91.1 1.92 B24a
1,991,900 12550 1,556,200 9820 93,100 78.0 1.78 B24
1,858,700 12550 1,452,100 9820 54,000 74.4 1.86
1,663,800 10460 1,299,800 8180 102,400 79.9 1.82 B20a
1,564,300 10460 1,222,100 8180 64,900 75.9 1.88
1,353,500 10460 1,057,400 8180 88,200 51.2 1.59
1.303,600 10460 1,018,500 8180 69,400 49.8 1.62 B20
1,250,300 10460 976,800 8180 50,000 48.3 1.66
1,046,900 9410 817,900 7360 78.000 39.1 1.50
997,900 9410 779,600 7360 57,500 37.7 1.54 B18
977,700 9410 763,900 7360 49,200 37.1 1.56
946,100 9410 739,100 7360 36,700 36.2 1.59
1,132,400 7840 884,700 6140 77,900 61.3 1.71 B15b
945,600 7840 738,700 6140 93,900 41.9 1.49 B15 a
867,600 7840 677,800 6140 54,800 38.3 1.55
689,500 7840 538,600 6140 60,000 25.2 1.35
649,400 7840 507,400 6140 39,900 24.0 1.41 B15
629,500 7840 491,800 6140 30,100 23.4 1.44
478,600 6280 373,900 4910 32,200 21.3 1.42 BI2 a
406,200 6280 317,300 4910 35,800 16.0 1.30 B12
384,400 6280 300,300 4910 22,200 15.3 1.35
287,100 5230 224,300 4090 39.800 12.1 1.21 BIO
262,200 5230 204,800 4090 21,000 11.2 1.27
218,300 4710 170,600 3680 33,900 8.8 1.12 B9
201,800 4710 157,600 3680 20,100 8.2 1.17
161.600 4180 126,200 3270 26,900 6.7 1.08
153,000 4180 119,600 3270 18,9QO 6.4 1.11 B8
J and CY--Coeflicients given in the table.
W_CorC! . CorC'
L M --8 ' CorC'- WL- 8M- j f8.
38 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPA N Y.
MOMENTS OF RESISTANCE OF
BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS,

IN FOOT POUNDS.
NEUTRAL A X IS PERPEND I CULAR TO WEB AT CENTER .
MOMENT3 or RESIST.l.NCE, IN FOOT POUNDS.

Depth Weight
Section of per
Number. Beam, Foo~
I Forof 16,000
Fiber Stress
Lbs.
For Fiber Stress
of 12,500 Lb .
For Fiber Stress
of 10,000 Lb.
Inches. Pounds. per SqUAre Inch. per Sque.re Inch. per SqUAre Inch.
R R' R"
--- ---
030a 30 200 813,390 635,460 508,370
G30 30 180 728,400 569,070 455,250
02i< 28 180 691,880 540,530 432,420

!
028 28 165 625,020 488,290 390,640
026a 26 160 576,490 450,380 360,310

026 26 150 528,600 412,970 330,380
024a 24 140 466,820 364,710 291,760

024 24 120 400,820 313,140 250,510
020a 20 140 391,280 305,700 244,560
020 20 112 312,290 243,970 195,180
018 18 92 235,760 184,190 147,350
015b 15 140 283,150 221,210 176,970
015a 15 104 216,910 169,460 135,570
015 15 73 157,080 122,700 98,170
012a 12 70 119,730 93,540 74,830
012 12 55 96,000 75,000 60,000
010 10 44 65,130 50,880 40,700
09 9 38 50,630 39,550 31,640
08 I 8 32.5 38,140 29,790 23,830
W - Total uniform~ distributed load, in pounds, including weight of beam.
P - Load, in poun s, at center of span.
L - Span in feet. M - Bending Moment of fo rces, in foot pounds.
~
MOMENTS OF RESISTANCE OF
BETHLEHEM ::t BEAMS,
IN FOOT POUNDS.
NEUT RAL AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO WEB AT CENTER
1I0MENTS OF RESISTANCE, IN FOOT POUNDS.

Depth Weight
Section of per
For Fiber Stress For Fiber Stress For Fiber Stm.
Number. Beam, Foo~
of 16.000 Lb. of 12,500 Lb . of 10,000 Lb .
Inohes. Ponnd. per Sqna.re Inch. per Square Inoh. per Square Inch.
R R' R"
--- ---
B 30 30 120.0 465,740 363,800 291,090
B28 28 105.0 382,300 298,670 238,930
B26 26 90.0 305,350 238,560 190,850
B24a 24 84.0 264,660 206,760 165,410
B24 24 83.0 248,980 194,520 155,620
24 73.0 232,340 181,510 145,210
B20a 20 82.0 207,980 162,480 129,980
20 72.0 195,540 152,760 122,210
20 69.0 169,190 132,170 105,740
B20 20 64.0 162,950 127,310 101,850
20 59.0 156,290 122,100 97,680
18 59.0 130,860 102,230 81,790
B18 18 54.0 124,740 97,450 77,960
18 52.0 122,220 95,480 76,390
18 48.5 118,260 92,390 73,910
B15b 15 71.0 141,540 110,580 88,470
B15a 15 64.0 118,200 92,340 73,870
15 54.0 108,450 84,730 67,780
15 46.0 86,180 67,330 53,860
B15 15 41.0 81,180 63,420 50,740
15 38.0 78,680 61,470 49,180
B12a 12 36.0 59,830 46,740 37,390
12 32.0 50,770 39,670 31,730
B12 12 28.5 48,050 37,540 30,030
BlO 10 28.5 35,880 28,030 22,430
10 23.5 32,770 25,600 20.480
B9 9 24.0 27,290 21,320 17,060
9 20.0 25,220 19,700 15,760
8 19.5 20,200 15,780 12,620
B8 17.5
8 19,130 14,950 11 ,960
R, R' and R" - Moments of Resistance given in the tables.
M - R, R'orR": R , R/orR"-! W L' 1 1
8 ' R, R'orR" - 'iP L+gW L.
40 BE T HL EHEM STEEL COMPANY.
COMPARISON OF
BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS
WITH GIRDERS OF STAN DARD BEAMS.
BETI!LEl!EIl GIRDER BElliS. EQUIVALENT GIRDERS Economy

OF STANDARD BElliS.
of
Jlelhlehem
Depth Weight Depth Weight Seotion
Nnmber of each Beams,
Section of r Section of Ilodulus
l!eam, roc of Beam, Pounds
Po~~.
Hnmber. lloduIus. Be&Ills. l!ea.ms, Lb. per of two
Inche. Inches. l!ea.m per Fool.
Fool.
-- --- ------ - - -
G30a 30 200.0 610.0
G30 30 180.0 546.3
G28a 28 180.0 518.9
G28 28 165.0 468.8
G26a 26 160.0 432.4
G26 26 150.0 396.5 2 24 100 396.8 50
G24a 24 140.0 350.1 2 24 80 348.0 20
G24 24 120.0 300.6 2 20 85 301.8 50
G20 a 20 140.0 293.5 2 20 80 293.4 20
G20 20 112.0 234.2 2 20 65 234.0 18
GI8 18 92.0 176.8 2 18 55 176.8 18
GI5 b 15 140.0 212.4 2 15 80 212.2 20
GI5 a 15 104.0 162.7 2 15 60 162.4 16
GI5 15 73.0 117.8 2 15 42 117.8 11
GI 2 a 12 70.0 89.8 2 12 40 89.6 10
GI2 12 55.0 72.0 2 12 31.5 72.0 8
GI0 10 44.0 48.8 2 10 25 4.8.8 6
G9 9 38.0 38.0 2 9 21 37.8 4
G8 8 32.5 28.6 2 8 18 28.4 3.5
T he difference in weights d oes nol include separators for 888embling the
standard bea ms into girders. The weights of such separa tors vary from about
1.5 Ibs. per foot for 8" beams to a bout 5.5 lbs. Eer foot for 24" beams. The
actual economy in weight of the Bethlehem Gir er Beams is increased to the
same extent.
BETHLEHEM f'lTEEL COMPANY. 41
COMPARISO N OF
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS
WITH ST AN D A RD :z: BE A MS.
f--
BETII1ElIEM I BEAMS. EQUIVALENT ST.lND!RD BEAMS.
Economy
of
Depth Weight Depth Weight Bethlehem
Section of Section of Section Beam~
Nnmber. Beam,
Incbes.
~
Pounds.
Modulus. B6&ID, r.:~ Modulus. Pounds
per Foot.
Inches. Pounds.
----- --- --- -- --- - --
B30 30 120.0 349.3
B28 28 105.0 286.7
B26 26 90.0 229.0
B24a 24 84.0 198.5 24 100 198.4 16.0
24 83.0 186.7 24 90 186.6 7.0
B24
24 73.0 174.3 24 80 174.0 7.0
20 82.0 156.0 20 90 155.8 8.0
B20a 20 72.0 146.7 20 80 146.7 8.0
20 69.0 126.9 20 75 126.9 6.0
B20 20 64.0 122.2 20 70 122.0 6.0
20 59.0 117.2 20 65 117.0 6.0
18 59.0 98.1 18 65 97.9 6.0
18 54.0 93.6 18 60 93.5 6.0
B18
18 52.0 91.7
18 48.5 88.7 18 55 88.4 6.5
B15b 15 71.0 106.2 15 80 106.1 9.0
B1.Sa 15 64.0 88.6 15 70 88.5 6.0
15 54.0 81.3 15 60 81.2 6.0
15 46.0 64.6 15 50 64.5 4.0
B15 15 41.0 60.9 15 45 60.8 4.0
15 38.0 59.0 15 42 58.9 4.0
B12a 12 36.0 44.9 12 40 44.8 4.0
B12 12 32.0 38.1 12 35 38.0 3.0
12 28.5 36.0 12 31.5 36.0 3.0
B10 10 28.5 26.9 10 30 26.8 1.5
10 23.5 24.6 10 25 24.4 1.5
B9 9 24.0 20.5 9 25 20.4 1.0
9 20.0 18.9 9 21 18.9 1.0
B8 8 19.5 15.1 8 20.5 15.1 1.0
8 17.5 14.3 8 18 14.2 0.5
~
,
II'!
SPACING OF
BETHLEHEM :t BEAMS I I ,
AND I I ,
JL_ ' __ .1 _ _ _ ..J(
GIRDER BEAMS, '
,
I
I
I
'
CENTER TO CENTER, TO PRODUCE EQUAL 1 ~ :
RADII OF GYRATION ABOUT BOTH AXES I y~ I
XX AND YY. !<---'D---~
:J: BEAMS. GIRDER BEAMS.
Depth Weight Spaoing Depth Weight Spacing

Seclion of per Poot of on Centers, Section of per root of on Centers,
Jlumber. Be&m, eaoh Beam, in Inohes. Number. Beam, eaoh Be&m, in Inohes.
hebes. Lbs. 0 Inohe. Lb D
- --
B30 30 120.0 23.98 G30a 30 200.0 24.09
B28 28 105.0 22.43 G30 30 180.0 24.20
B26 26 90.0 20.84
G28a 28 180.0 22.57
B24a 24 84.0 19.22
24 83.0 18.76 G28 28 165.0 22.60
B24 24 73.0 19.38 G26a 26 160.0 21.03
20 82.0 15.65 G26 26 150.0 20.99
B20a 72.0
20 16.13
20 69.0 15.51 G24a 24 140.0 19.35
B20 20 64.0 15.77 G24 24 120.0 19.48
20 59.0 16.09
G20a 20 140.0 15.85
18 59.0 13.93
18 54.0 14.24 G20 20 112.0 16.01
B18
18 52.0 14.38 G18 18 92.0 14.41
18 48.5 14.62
B15b 15 71.0 11.85 G15b 15 140.0 *11.06
15 64.0 11.51 G15a 15 104.0 11.49
B15 a 15 54.0 12.00 G15 15 73.0 11.89
15 46.0 11.66
B15 15 41.0 12.00 G12a 12 70.0 *9.08
15 38.0 12.20 G12 12 55.0 *9.31
B12a 12 36.0 9.67 GlO 10 44.0 *7.60
12 32.0 9.49
B12 12 28.5 9.77 G9 9 38.0 *6.72
10 28.5 7.67 G8 8 32.5 *5.85
BlO 10 23.5 8.03
9 24.0 6.88
B9
9 20.0 7.16
* Denotes that the value of D
given is less than the distance center
8 19.5 6.11 to center of beams when placed close
B8
8 17.5 6.28 together with flanges in contact.
~~
- BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES OF'

The tables on pages 44-53, inclusive, give the dimensions,
weights, areas, and structural properties of the H column sections
for all the variations in size which are rolled.
The dimension, T, given in the tables, is the nominal average
thickness of the flange, and is stated in even fractions of an inch for
convenience.
The clear distance between the flange fillets is denoted by the
dimension, L, given in the tables, and is the depth of the flat surface
of the web available for connections.
All columns having the same section number are from the same
rolls. Thus, all the sizes of 14-inch H columns tabulated on page
44 are produced by the same rolls, the variation in dimensions of
the series of sections being formed by the proportionate separa-
tion of the horizontal and vertical rolls.
In selecting columns, it is advisable wherever possible to secure
the desired range of size, from minimum to maximum, by confining
the selection to columns having the same section number, as all the
columns can then be secured from the same rolling.
The moment of inertia, section modulus, and radius of gyration
are given around both axes for all columns. The section modulus
around the axis XX may be used to determine the transverse
strength, in case it is desired to use the column sections as beams.
The coefficient of strength for such purpose may be obtained in
the following manner:
C=l fS,
where I = allowed fiber stress in lbs. per square inch, and S = the
section modulus.
The section modulus is also of use where columns are subject
to bending due to eccentric loading. The use of the radius of
gyration is explained on page 70, in connection with the tables of
strength of columns.
Typical connections and splices for H columns are shown on
page 97, from which the simplicity of detail and the small
amount of fabrication required for these columns are apparent.
DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES OF
BETHLEHEM ROLLED STEEL

14/1 H COLUMNS.
, L --.f"
/(:r ==f I
"co,,"'; ~ D
,Ie , ___ it_: I I
",-"-r-N ,~ i -
Tl '~/I
:-----B---~
W~hl DIMENSIONS, IN INCHES.

S80tion Section, lIomiIlAl
Number. Lb
I>6rrool. D T B W M N G L
- - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - --
83.5
91.0
13t
13k
H 13.92
13.96
.43
.47
.620
.683
.755
.817
19i
19t
t
99.0 14 H 14.00 .51 .745 .880 19U
106.5 14k k 14.04 .55 .808 .942 19t!
114.5 14t 15
TiT 14.08 .59 .870 1.005 20iiT
122.5 14i 1 14.12 .63 .933 1.067 2-r'iT
130.5 14~ IT\- 14.16 .67 .995 1.130 20t
138.0 14i 1k 14.19 .70 1.058 1.192 20i
146.0 14t l -(iT 14.23 .74 1.120 1.255 20~
,
154.0 14k It 14.27 .78 1.183 1.317 20i Co
0
162.0 15 If1\" 14.31 .82 1.245 1.380 20t ~
.....
H14 170.5 15! Ii 14.35 .86 1.308 1.442 20 k II
+>
178.5 15t 1Yil" 14.39 .90 1.370 1.505 21 I'l
01
186.5 15# 1~ 14.43 .94 1.433 1.567 21! +>
UJ
195.0 15t 1r"iT 14.47 .98 1.495 1.630 21t I'l
0
203.5 15 ~ 1~ 14.51 1.02 1.558 1.692 21i
211.0 15t 1H 14.54 1.05 1.620 1.755 21YiT '"
.:!l
219.5 15k It 14.58 1.09 1.683 1.817 21-(iT
..J
227.5 16 Itt 14.62 1.13 1.745 1.880 2 1t!
236.0 16k 1* 14.66 1.17 1.808 1.942 21t!
244.5 16t 1H 14.70 1.21 1.870 2.005 21H
253.0 16i 2 14.74 1.25 1.933 2.067 22lil"
261.5 16~ 2-fiT 14.78 1.29 1.995 2.130 22-r'iT
270.0
~~
16i 2k 14.82 1.33 2.058 2.192
278.5 16t 2-(iT 14.86 1.37 2.120 2.255
287.5 16k 2t 14.90 1.41 2.183 2.317 22ft
BETHLEHE M STEEL COMPA N Y . 45

14" H COLUMNS.
yl
~ : ,---I
I
It _____ I
---~
I
I
I
I
Iy
we~fht .lrea AXIS XX. AXIS YY.

of Section
Section, Seotion, 1I0ment Section Radius of 1I0ment Section Radius of
Lb Sqll&l"8 of Inertia. lIodnlus. t~~.n, of Inertia. lIodnlus. Gfuttion,
ches.
Number.
per Pool. Inche _ r_
- -- _ 1- _ S_ _ _1' - ~ _ 1"_ - --
83.5 24.46 884.9 1:?8.7 6.01 294.5 42.3 3.47
91.0 26.76 976.8 140.8 6.04 325.4 46.6 3.49
99.0 29.06 1070.6 153.0 6.07 356.9 51.0 3.50
106.5 31.38 1166.6 165.2 6.10 387.8 55.2 3.52
114.5 33.70 1264.5 177.5 6.13 420.3 59. 7 3.53
122.5 36.04 1364.6 189.9 6. 16 453.4 64.2 3.55
130.5 38.38 1466.7 202.3 6.18 486.9 68.8 3.56
138.0 40.59 1568.4 214.5 6.21 519.7 73.3 3.58
146.0 42.95 1674.7 227.1 6.24 554.4 77.9 3.59
154.0 45.33 1783.3 239.8 6.27 589.5 82.6 3.61
162.0 47.71 ]894.0 252.5 6.30 626.1 87.5 3.62
170.5 SO. 11 2007.0 265.4 6.33 662.3 92.3 3.64
52.51 2122.3 278.3 6.36 H14
178.5 699.0 97.2 3.65
186.5 54.92 2239.8 291.4 6.39 736.3 102. 1 3.66
195.0 57.35 2359.7 304.5 6.41 774.2 107.0 3.68
203.5 59.78 2481.9 317.7 6.44 812.6 112.0 3.69
211.0 62.07 2603.3 330.6 6.48 849.8 116.9 3.70
219.5 64.52 2730.2 344.0 6.51 889.3 122.0 3.71
227.5 66.98 2859.6 357.5 6.53 929.4 127.1 3.72
236.0 69.45 2991.5 371.0 6.56 970.0 132.3 3.74

244.5 71.94 3125.8 384.7 6.59 1011.3 137.6 3.75
253.0 74.43 3202.7 398.5 6.62 1053.2 142.9 3.76
261.5 76.93 3402.1 412.4 6.65 1095.6 148.3 3.77
270.0 79.44 3544.1 426.4 G.68 1138.7 153.7 3.79
278.5 81.97 3688.8 440.5 6.71 1182.4 159.1 3.80
287.5 84. SO 3836.1 454.7 6.74 1226.7 164.7 3.81
"..

12" H COLUMNS.
~
(~
I<,T ~-T(
''\. .... -<- : !
~
~ I? w
: I ,
i ----"- I
M~-r==N ~ i...
I '~/I
t+----B--~-'
.- k
We~hI 01 M ENSIONS, IN INCHES.
Seotion SectiOn,
Number. Lb
perFoo\' D T B W M N G L
- - ----- --- --- - - - -
64.5 lli i 11.92 .39 .567 .683 161
71.5 lli H 11.96 .43 .630 .745 16i
78.0 12 t 12.00 .47 .692 .808 17

84.5 121 13
lIT 12.04 .51 .755 .870 171
91.5 121 i 12.08 .55 .817 .933 171 ,
......
98.5 12~ it 12.12 .59 .880 .995 17i C"I
ci
105.0 12, 1 12.16 .63 .942 1.058 17i"6"
H12 ..,II
112.0 12i l lG" 12.20 .67 1.005 1.120 17lll" ~
..,
oj
118.5 12i 11 12.23 .70 1.067 1.183 17H Cll

>l
0
<.l
125.5 12i 11'\ 12.27 .74 1.130 1.245 17H
.~
132.5 13 11 12.31 .78 1.192 1.308 17H ..J
139.5 131 1ill" 12.35 .82 1.255 1.370 18

146.5 131 Ii 12.39 .86 1.317 1.433 181
153.5 13i 11'1T 12.43 .90 1.380 1.495 181
161.0 13, 1, 12.47 .94 1.442 1.558 18i
~~
BETHLEHEM STEE L COMPANY. 47

12" H COLUMNS.
vl
L--- I ~
II
I _ _ _ J{
~-----
I
I
I
. - - 1'----,
Iv
we;ht lr.. AXtS xx. AXIS VY.

of
Seetion, Seetion, Moment S.etion Radius of lIoment Soetion Radinsof Section
Lbs. Square of Inertia. Modulus. G1.~~~.n, of Inertia. Modulus. G{,,';it;on,
nches.
Number.
per Poot. Inches.
---- --'- _ 5_ _ r_
--"- ~ _ r'_ ----
64.5 19.00 499.0 84.9 5.13 168.6 28.3 2.98
71.5 20.96 556.6 93.7 5.15 188.2 31.5 3.00
78.0 22.94 615.6 102.6 5.18 208. 1 34.7 3.01

84.5 24.92 676.1 111.5 5.21 228.5 37.9 3.03
91.5 26.92 738.1 120.51 5.24 249.2 41.3 3.04
98.5 28.92 801.7 129.6 5.27 270.1 44.6 3.06
105.0 30.94 866.8 1:>8.6 5.30 291.7 48.0 3.07
112.0 32.96 933.4 147.9 5.33 313.6 51.4 3.08 H 12
118.5 34.87 1000.0 156.9 5.36 335.0 54.8 3. 10

125.5 36.91 1069.8 166.2 5.38 357.7 58.3 3. 11
132.5 38.97 1141.3 175.6 5.41 380.7 61.9 3. 13
139.5 41.03 1214.5 185.0 5.44 404.1 65.4 3.14

146.5 43.10 1289.4 194.6 5.47 428.0 69.1 3. 15
153.5 45.19 1366.0 204.3 5.50 452.2 72.8 3.16
161.0 47.28 1444.3 I 214.0 5.53 477.0 76.5 3. 18
~

10" H COLUMNS .
~~":"Tr-~-T
T ---f:

' '- .->r-:
~ w ~ I?
I
! , ___ .:f_: I1
M~-c=" ~ ~
I '~/ I
r----B--~-'
01 M ENS I ONS, IN INCHES .

Weight
Section of
Section,
Number.
Lb. Nomina.!.
per Fool.
D T B W M N G L
------- -- -------- -- -
49.0 9i Ir; 9.97 .36 .514 .611 14-/"6"
54.0 10 i 10.00 .39 .577 .673 14 / "6"

59.5 lOi H 10.04 .43 .639 .736 141""6"
65.5 101 i 10.08 .47 .702 .798 14i
....
71.0 lOi H 10.12 .51 .764 .861 14z t:..
~
77.0 lO z i 10.16 .55 .827 .923 14i t..=

82.5 Wi it 10.20 .59 .889 .986 14i ...,II
HlO
88.5 lOi 1 10.24 .63 .952 1.048 14k
.s"
'"c0
94.0 lOi 1-("6" 10.28 .67 1.014 1.111 15 '"
.:!l
99.5 11 Ii 10.31 .70 1.077 1.173 15i oJ
105.5 11i 1/"6" 10.35 .74 1.139 1. 236 151"6"

111.5 111 11 10.39 .78 1.202 1.298 151""6"
117.5 lli 11""6" 1
10 .43 .82 1. 264 1.361 151"6"
123.5 11, Ii 10.47 .86 1.327 1.423 15-("6"

10" H COLUMNS.
vI
'---- : ..----I
I
!!.-----
I
I ____ .x
I
I
I
r---:-----'
Jy
AXIS XX . AX I S YY .
Weighl Area - - - - - - ---
of of Seclion
Section, Sec~ion ,
Radin, of Radin. of
lIom.nl Seclion Gyration, lIomenl Seclion Gyration, Number.
Lb" Squsre of Inertia. lIodulns, Incbe. of Inertia, lIodulns,
per Foo~ Inche . Inche..
I S r I' S' r'
-- - --- -- ---- - - - - - --
49.0 14.37 263.5 53.4 4.28 89.1 17.9 2.49
54.0 15.91 296.8 59.4 4.32 100.4 20.1 2.51

59.5 17.57 331.9 65.6 4.35 112.2 22.3 2.53
65.5 19,23 368.0 71.8 4.37 124.2 24.6 2.54
71.0 20.91 405.2 78.1 4.40 136.5 27.0 2.56
77.0 22.59 443.6 84.5 4.43 149.1 29.4 2.57
82.5 24.29 483.0 90.9 4.46 162.0 31.8 2.58
H lO
88.5 25.99 523.5 97.4 4.49 175.1 34.2 2.60
94.0 27.71 565.2 103.9 4.52 188.6 36.7 2.61
99.5 29.32 607.0 110.4 4.55 201.7 39.1 2.62
105.5 31.06 651.0 117.0 4.58 215.6 41.7 2.64

111.5 32.80 696.2 123.8 4.61 229.9 44.3 2.65
117.5 34.55 742.7 130.6 4.64 244.4 46.9 2.66
123.5 36.32 790.4 137.5 4.67 259.3 49,5
I 2.67
~
DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES 01'

8" H COLUMNS.
l
A~==-(T
" I
\,,-' ~ ~ ~
i , ___ :1_
: II
M:~-==N '7----. ~
:t<----B----'
'~/:
DIMENSIONS, IN INCHES.
Weight
of
S tion
Section,
Numbe:. NomiDAl.
Lbs.
per I'oot.
0 T B W M N G L
- --- --- --------- --
32.0 7i ~ 8.00 .31 .399 .476 11i
34.5 8 ~ 8.00 .31 .462 .538 11i

39.0 8i !~ 8.04 .35 .524 .601 11ft
43.5 81 i 8.08 .39 .587 .663 11i'~
48.0 8i H 8.12 .43 .649 .726 11H ~
,....,
53.0 8~ 1 8.16 .47 .712 .788 11H ~
57.5 8i 13
T~ 8.20 .51 .774 .851 12 II
H8 ""~
oj
62.0 81 1 8.24 .55 .837 .913 12-r\-
""en~
67.0 81 H 8.28 .59 .899 .976 12i 0
71.5 9 1 8.32 .63 .962 1.038 121

'"
.~
...J
76.5 9i In 8.36 .67 1.024 1.101 12i
81.0 91 Ii 8.39 .70 1.087 1.163 12~
85.5 9~ 1 !~ 8.43 .74 1.149 1.226 12i

90.5 9~ 11 8.47 .78 1.212 1.288 121
~
BE THLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 51

a/l H COLUMNS.
vi
L-- :r--'
I
I
2!. _____ I ___ JC
I
I
I
I
Iv
AXIS XX . AXIS YY.

Weighl !Ie&
of of
Radius of Radius of See lion
Seetion, Seetion, 1I0meni Seetion Gyration, 1I0man! Seetion Gyration, Number.
Lb. SqUAl'O of Inertia. lIoduJus. Inohes. of Inertia. lIoduJus. Inoh ...
per Foot. Inohes.
I 5 t' I' 5' r'
-- ----- -- -- --- - - -- ---
32.0 9.17 105.7 26.9 3.40 35.8 8.9 1.98
34.5 10.17 121.5 30.4 3.46 41.1 10.3 2.01

39.0 11.50 139.5 34.3 3.48 47.2 1l.7 2.03
43.5 12.83 158.3 38.4 3.51 53.4 13.2 2.04
48.0 14.18 177.7 42.4 3.54 59.8 14.7 2.05
53.0 15.53 197.8 46.5 3.57 66.3 16.3 2.07
57.5 16.90 218.6 50.7 3.60 73.1 17.8 2.08 H8
62.0 18.27 240.2 54.9 3.63 80.0 19.4 2.09
67.0 19.66 262.5 59.2 3.65 87.1 21.0 2.11
71.5 21.05 235.6 63.5 3.68 94.4 22.7 2.12
76.5 22.46 309.5 67.8 3.71 101.9 24.4 2.13

81.0 23.78 333.5 72. 1 3.75 109.2 26.0 2.14
85.5 25.20 359.0 76.6 3.77 117.2 27.8 2.16
90.5 26.64 385.3 81.1 3.80 125.1 29.6 2.17
~
BETH LEHEM 14 " SPECIAL SECT ION

ROLLED STEEL H COLU M N .
When columns are required of greater sectional area than
the regular sections of H columns, it is necessary to build a com-
pound section to obtain the desired area. This may be the case
in the columns for the lower stories of a high building.
Additional area may be secured by riveting plates to the
flanges of the regular H columns, but the d~illing of the holes for
attaching such plates may be objectionable, on account of the
thick metal in the flanges of the heavy H columns. The 14"
special section is designed to match the regular 14" H columns,
and permits the addition of plates, or other shapes, for increasing
the area to the desired extent, avoiding the drilling of thick
metal in the flanges.
Dimensions and properties of this special section are given on
the opposite page. The section is produced by the same rolls
and has the same inner contour as the series of 14" H columns
on page 44. If the largest regular 1~" H column does not provide
the required area, the special section can be used and increased in
area to the desired amount, in the manner indicated by Figs. 1-3
on the opposite page. This may be necessary for the heavy
columns required in the lower stories of a high building. The
regular series of 14" H columns can then be used in the upper
stories, where they provide sufficient area. The regular 14" H
columns can be spliced to the special section in the usual way.
Properties of Compound Columns, similar to Fig. 1, are given
on pages 54-55, and safe loads in the tables on pages 86-87.
0808"
-"'i - -r'
i -----------14. 125~------ - "*
i, ~
'b " :,
H1 4 b r~p~~0.~60~"~~ti~0~.9~42~(/-\48.0
1.41~
Lbs..
i
_t._
BETHLEHEM 14" SPECIAL SECTION

ROLLED STEEL H COLUMN.
Y 'I
/===--==:r -~
.~- --jft--~-"
ttl", T :
'G 0
yl.
DIMENSIONS.
Weight DIMENSIONS , IN INCHES.
~
;~~~:. NO~. ~
Section of
Number. 0_
__ 8_
__ M _ N
__ __G
__ L
H 14b 148.0 14}S ~ 14.90 1.41 .808 .942 20~ 11.06
PROPERTIES.
AX I S X X. AXIS YY .
Weight Area
Seclion of of Radius of . Radius of
Section, Section, Koment Section Gyration, Komenl Soohon Gyration
Number. Lb Square of Inertia. Modulus. Inches. of InertiA. Modulus. Inches.'
per Fool Inches.
I Sr i' S' r'
~ ~~I~-;;;~~--;';---;;-
SUGG ESTIONS FOR USING THE SPECIAL SECTION OF H COLUMN IN
BUILD IN G UP COLUMNS OF LARGE SECTIONAL AREA.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig . 3

COMPOUND COLUMNS.
k--c_1 '
T/ ..i p
14" x 148 Lb.

r\:=rr-
! '"
t . ..../ pc
W !: Reenforced
f!l ', ... 1<'- : 0
Special II Section. ' G. "- ' with Cover Plates.
iJ~N " ~ i
JJ ' "-
[..----&.--~~.
W~1hl DIMENSIONS, IN INCHES.
Section. S.ction, Cov.r PI,te. D~th DiRgo1 Dimensions

Lbs. Diamolor. of
per Yool. W idth. Thickne ... Column. 14" Special
- -- C P H G H Section.
-,
~.;,:
...
0 2M.O 16 It 16} 23-11;'
.S] 0 290.8 16 1fG' 161 231";r
~~~ 297.6 16 It 161 23t D
Cll-,j ....
~o
304.4 16 l l r 17 23t 14t
~~.g 311.2 16 1, 17k 23 r7if
318.0 16 1/ -a- 17t 23~
-::l-:S
-,j
0._
~ 324.8 16 Ii 17t 23~
O~15 331.6
338.4
16
16
It! m
In
23l-! T
"ta--
._ 0 >,
~
345.2 16
Ii
Itt
23H t
"0...,'" 17i 231
"''''
..:g p.,- <Ii
Cf2 350.3 17 Ii B
.ci
...::J
0. -~
... 31~
"''''';':
357.5
364.7
17
17
1'1
II
17i
17i
17k
24~
24fil'
24 ft
I 14.90
ao 0> ~ :a
" 372.0 17 1H 18 241
;:: '-> Q....,;a
:.<..o:a '" 379.2 17 2 18k 24t W

.....~~:o 386.4 17 2.0- 18t 24H 1.41
~ ~o; oj 393.6 17 2t
1"""4""d~,..!:I 18t 25 r\-
ee~g 400.9 17 2 l~ 18 25i
408.1 17 2t 18 ~ 25!lf M
'0 i5 Jl 5. 415.3 17 2f-a- lSi 25f-a- 0.808
-,jdE-< ....
ffi '''''"
0
. 423.4 18
oJ-ol..9a...d 2t 18~ 251
c.. ......::~('.,) 431.0 18 2-(r 18i 26 N
~~$ ~ 438.7 18 2t 181 26f.r 0.942
c 'P""'4 d .. 446.3 18 2i-.r 19 2-6{lf
OJ D::'~ ~ 454.0 18 2, 19* 26t
~~g;..:g 461.6 18 21'l- 19t 26f L
::l 0 ' - 0.
-~ bOa.> 469.3 18 2i 19j 26i-.r 11.06
8~~~ 476.9 18 2H 19~ 26/'8'
rg~ S 484.6 18 2: 19i 26~
COMPOUND COLUMNS.
vi
14" x 148 Lb.

Special H Section.
~: ull n-:~x Reenforced
with Cover Plates.
IV
W~Fht .lr.. AXIS XX. AXIS YY . Cov.r Plates.
of
Soclion, SectioD, :Moment Soction Radius of Moment of Seotion Radiu. of Width, Thiok-
Lb. Square of Inertia. Modulus. Glration, Inertia. Modulus. Gfn~!~~' Inohes. ness,
per loot. Inches, nches. Inch. I
~~
284.0
~~
- '-
83.52 3737.7
~S _ _ r_
449.6 6.69
_ 1_ '- ~ ~r'_ ~ ~
1321.9 165.2 3.98 16 It
290.8 85.52 3876.9 462.9 6.73 1364.6 170.6 3.99 16 I T5~
297.6 87.52 4018.2 476.2 6.78 1407.3 175.9 4.01 16 It
304.4 89.52 4161.7 489.6 6.82 1449.9 181.2 4.02 16 I t.
311.2 91.52 4307.2 503.0 6.86 1492.6 186.6 4.04 16 I!
318.0 93.52 4454.9 516.5 6.90 1535.3 191.9 4.05 16 1/~
324.8 95.52 4604.8 530.0 6.94 1577.9 197.2 4.06 16 Ii
331.6 97.52 4756.8 543.6 6.98 1620.6 202.6 4.0._ 16 1"
Tll'
338.4 99.52 4911.0 557.3 7.02 1663.3 207.9 4.09 16 Ii
345.2 101.52 5067.5 571.0 7.07 1705.9 213.2 4.10 16 JIB
H
350.3 103.02 5132.5 582.4 7.06 1901.6 223.7 4.30 17 Ii

357.5 105.15 5298.7 597.0 7.10 1952.8 229.7 4.31 17 IH
364.7 107.27 5467.2 611.7 7.14 2003.9 235.8 4.32 17 It
372.0 109.40 5638.1 626.5 7.18 2055.1 241.8 4.33 17 I ii
379.2 111.52 5811.5 641.3 7.22 2106.3 247.8 4.35 17 2
386.4 113.65 5987.2 656.1 7.26 2157.5 253.8 4.36 17 2T\r
393.6 115.77 6165.4 671.1 7.30 2208.7 259.8 4.37 17 2t
400.9 117.90 6345.9 686.0 7.34 2259.8 265.9 4.38 17 2t'~
408.1 120.02 6529.0 701.1 7.38 2311.0 . 271.9 4.39 17 2~
415.3 122.15 6714.5 716.2 7.41 2362.2 277.9 4.40 17

2/7i
423.4 124.52 6832.6 733.7 7.41 2655.6 295.1 4.62 18 2t
431.0 126.77 7029.0 749.8 7.45 2716.4 301.8 4.63 18 2/~
438.7 129.02 7228.1 765.9 7.48 2777.1 308.6 4.64 18 2t
446.3 131.27 7429.8 782.1 7.52 2837.9 315.3 4.65 18 2?~
454.0 133.52 7634.2 798.3 7.56 2898.6 322.1 4.66 18 2!
461.6 135.77 7841.3 814.7 7.60 2959.4 328.8 4.67 18 2/~
469.3 138.02 8051.1 831.1 7.64 3020.1 335.6 4.68 18 2!
476.9 140.27 8263.6 847.6 7.68 3080.9 342.3 . 4.69 18 2"
484.6 142.52 8478.9 864.1 7.71 3141.6 349.1 4.70 18 2Ill' I
BETHLEHEM STEEL COM PANY.
SAFE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS FOR

BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS AND GIRDER BEAMS.
The tables on pages 57-65 give the safe uniformly distrib-
uted loads, in tons of 2000 Ibs., on Bethlehem beams for a
maximum fiber stress of 16,000 Ibs. per square inch. The
tabular loads include the weight of the beam, which must be
deducted to obtain the net load a beam will support.
Safe loads for intermediate or heavier weights of beams can
be obtained from the separate column of corrections, given for
each size, which states the increase in safe load for each pound
increase in weight per foot of beam.
If the load is concentrated at the center of the span, the
safe load is one-half the safe uniformly distributed load for the
same span.
The safe loads on short spans may be limited by the shearing
strength of the web, instead of by the maximum fiber stress
allowed in the flanges. This limit is indicated in the tables by
heavy cross lines. The loads given above these lines are greater
than the safe crippling strength of the web, and must not be used
unless the webs are stiffened. In such cases it will generally
be advisable to select a heavier beam with a thicker web. Maxi-
mum safe shears for all beam and girder sections are given on
page 67.
It is assumed in the tables that the compression flanges of the
beams are properly secured against yielding sideways. They
should be held in position at distances not exceeding 20 times
the width of the flange, otherwise the allowable safe loads must
be reduced as per the following table:
BEAMS UNSUPPORTED SIDEWAYS.
Unsupporled Grer.tost W. Unsupported Gnale.1 We

Lenglh of Beam. Load. Lenglh of Beam. Load.
20 flange widths. Full tabular load. 50 flange widths. r. tabular load.

30 flange widths. fa tabular load. 60 flange widths. fa tabular load.
40 flange widths. fa tabular lead. 70 flange widths. /a tabular load.
Bethlehem beams, on account of their much wider flanges,

will safely support greater loads than Standard beams on long
...spans, where the beams are without lateral support.
SAFE LOAOS UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED FOR

IN TONS OF 2000 LBS.
BEAMS BEING SECURED AGAINST YIELDING SIDEWAYS,
30"G J.dd 28" G .I.dd 26"G .I.dd

for for for
iSP&n. G30 a G30
each G2sa each
G2S each
in Lb. Lb. G26 a G26
, ..1. - - - - -- In - - - - - - Inc. - - -I - InLb..
200 Lbs. in
180 Lbs. 180 Lbs. 165 LbS' j W~. 160 Lbs. 50 Lbs. in
I~ Wgl.
18 180.75 161.87 .44 153.75 138.89 .41 128.11 117.47 .38

19 171.24 153.35 .41 145.66 131.58 .39 121.37 111.29 .36
20 162.68 145.68 .39 138.38 125.00 .37 115.30 105.7~ .34
21 154.93 138.74 .37 131.79 119.05 .35 109.81 100.69 .32
22 147.89 132.44 .36 125.80 113.64 .33 104.82 96.11 .31
23 141.46 126.68 .34 120.33 108.70 .32 100.26 91.93 .30
24 135.56 121.40 .33 115.31 104.17 .31 96.08 88.10 .28
25 130.14 116.55 .31 110.70 100.00 .29 92.24 84.58 .27
26 125.14 11?'.06 .30 106.44 96.16 .28 88.69 81.3, .26
27 120.50 107.91 .29 102.50 92.60 .27 85.41 78.31 .25
28 116.20 104.06 .28 98.84 89.29 .26 82.36 75.52 .24
29 112.19 100.47 .27 95.43 86.21 .25 79.52 72.91 .23
30 108.45 97.12 .26 92.25 83.34 .24 76.87 70,48 .23
31 104.95 93.99 .25 89.27 80.65 .24 74.39 68.21 .22
32 101.67 91.05 .25 86.48 78.13 .23 72.06 66.08 .21
33 98.59 88.29 .24 83.86 75.76 .22 69.88 64.07 .21
34 95.69 85.7u .23 81.40 73.53 .22 67.82 62.19 .20
35 92.96 83.25 .22 79.07 71.43 .21 65.88 60.41 .19
36 90.38 80.93 .22 76.88 69.45 .20 64.05 58.73 .19
37 87.93 78.75 .21 74.80 67.57 .20 62.32 57.15 .18
38 85.62 76.67 .21 72.83 65.79 .19 60.68 1;5.64 .18
39 83.42 74.71 .20 70.96 64.10 .19 59.13 54.22 .17
40 81.34 72.84 .20 69.19 62.50 .18 57.65 52.86 .17
41 79.35 71.06 .19 67.50 60.98 .18 56.24 51.57 .17
42 77.47 69.37 .19 65.89 59.53 .17 54.90 50.34 .16
43 75.66 67.76 .18 64.36 58.14 .17 53.63 49.1 7 .16
44 73.94 66.22 .18 62.90 56.82 .17 52.41 48.0 6 .15
45 72.30 64.75 .17 61.50 55.56 .16 51.24 46.9 9 .15
46 70.73 63.34 .17 60.16 54.35 .16 50.13 45.97 .15
47 69.22 61.99 .17 58.88 53.19 .16 49.06 44.99 .14
48 67.78 60.70 .16 57.66 52.09 .15 48.04 44.05 .14
Safe loads given include weight of beam.
Maximum fiber stress. 16.000 Ibs. per square inch.
58 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMP A NY.
SAFE LOADS UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED FOR

BEAMS BEING SECURED AGAINST YIELDING SIDEWAYS.
24" G Add for 20" G Add for 18" G Add for

Span, ...h Lb. each Lb. ...h Lb.
in G24a G24 In,rease G20 a G20 Increase G18 In'r....
Feet. in - - - - -- in - -- in
140 Lbs. 120 Lbs. Weight. 140 Lbs. 112 Lbs. Weigbt. 92 Lbs. Weight.
I- --- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 155.61 133.60 .52 130.43 104.09 .44 78.59 .39
13 143.64 123.33 .48 120.40 96.09 .40 72.54 .36
14 133.38 114.52 .45 111.80 89.23 .37 67.36 .34
15 124.48 106.88 .42 104.34 83.28 .35 62.87 .31
---
16 116.71 100.20 .39 97.82 78.07 .33 58.94 .29
17 109.84
---
94.31 .37 92.07 73.48 .31 55.47 .28
18 103.74 89.07 .35 86.95 69.40 .29 52.39 .26
19 98.28 84.38 .33 82.38 65.74 .28 49.63 .25
20 93.37 80.16 .31 78.26 62.46 .26 47.15 .24
21 88.92 76.35 .30 74.53 59.48 .25 44.91 .22
22 84.88 72.88 .29 71.14 56.78 .24 42.87 .21
23 81.19 69.71 .27 68.05 54.31 .23 41.00 .20
24 77.80 66.80 .26 65.22 52.05 .22 39.29 .20
25 74.69 64.15 .25 62.61 49.97 .21 37.72 .19
26 71.82 61.66 .24 60.20 48.04 .20 36.27 .18
27 69.16 59.38 .23 57.97 46.26 .19 34.93 .17
28 66.69 57.26 .22 55.90 44.61 .19 33.68 .17
29 64.39 55.29 .22 53.97 43.07 .18 32.52 .16
30 62.24 53.44 .21 52.17 41.64 .17 31.43 .16
31 60.24 51.72 .20 50.49 40.30 .17 30.42 .15
32 58.35 50.10 .20 48.91 39.04 .16 29.47 .15
33 56.58 48.58 .19 47.43 37.85 .16 28.58 .14
34 54.92 47.15 .18 46.04 36.74 .15 27.74 .14
35 53.35 45.81 .18 44.72 35.69 .15 26.94 .13
36 51.87 44.54 .17 43.48 34.70 .15 26.20 .13
37 50.47 43.33 .17 42.30 33.76 .14
--------
25.49 .13
38 49.14 42.19 .17 41.19 32.87 .14 24.82 .12
39 47.88 41.11 .16 40.13 32.03 .13 24.18 .12
40 46.68 40.08 .16 39.13 31.23 .13 23.58 .12
Safe loads given include weight of beam. Maximum fiber stress. 16.000
lbs. per square inch.
Loads given above the heavy lines are greater than safe loads for web
cri~ling.
fe loads given below the dotted line produce deflections exceeding ~A.
of the span .
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. flf!

IN TONS OF 2000 LBS .
BEAMS BEING SECoJR D AGAI N S T YI E LD I N G SIDEWAYS .
15" G A.dd 12" G A.dd

Span, for for
G 15b G15a G 15 each G12a G12 each
in Lb. Lb.
Feet. Ino. in Ine. in
140 Lbs. 104 Lbs. 73 Lbs. Wgt. 70 Lbs. 55 Lbs. Wgi.
- -
10 113.26 86.76 62.83 .39 47.89 38.40 .31
11 102.96 78.88 57.12 .36 43.54 34.91 .29

12 94.38 72.30 52.36 .33 39.91 32.00 .26
13 87.12 66.74 48.33 .30 36.84 29.54 .24
14 80.90 61.97 44.88 .28 34.21 27.43 .22
15 75.51 57.84 41.89 .26 31.93 25.60 .21
16 70.79 54.23 39.27 .25 29.93 24.00 .20

17 66.62 51.04 36.96 .23 28.17 22.59 .19
18 62.92 48.20 34.91 .22 26.61 21.33 .18
19 59.61 45.67 33.07 .21 25.21 20.21 .17
20 56.63 43.38 31.42 .20 23.95 19.20 .16
21 53.93 41.32 29.92 .19 22.81 18.28 .15

22 51.48 39.44 28.56 .18 21.77 17.45 .14
23 49.24 37.72 27.32 .17 20.82 16.69 .14
24 47.19 36.15 26.18 .16 ._-_19.95 16.00
.. _.. _.. .. ... . _---- ----- .13
25 45.30 34.71 25.13 .16 19.16 15.36 .13
26 43.56 33.37 24.17 .15 18.42 14.77 .12

27 41.95 32.13 23.27 .15 17.74 14.22 .12
28 40.45 30.99 22.44 .14 17.10 13.71 .11
29 39.05 29.92 21.67 .14 16.51 13.24 .11
30 .13 .10
----- _... _-_. . .. .. 28.92
37.75
Oo _-_ .. . . .....
20.94
----_.. _-_.. . 15.96 12.80
31 36. 54 27.99 20.27 . 13 15.45 12.39 .10

32 35.39 27.11 19.63 .12 14.97 12.00 .10
33 34.32 26.29 19.04 .12 14.51 11.64 .10
34 33 .3 ~ 25.52 18.48 .12 14.09 11.29 .09
35 32.36 24.79 17.95 .11 13.68 10.97 .09
Sa fe loads given in clude weight of beam. Ma ximum fiber stress , 16,000

lbs. pe r sq ua re in ch .
Load given a bove the heavy line is greater than a safe load for web
cri~ling .
a fe loads given b elow the dotted lines produce deBectio ns exceeding .1.
of the span .
,..."....
60 BETHLEHE M STEEL COMPANY.
SAFE LOADS UNIFORMl.Y DISTRIBUTED FOR

IN TONS or 2000 LBS.
BEAMS BEING SECUR E D AGAINST YIELD I NG S I DEWAYS ,
10" G Addfor
9" G 8" G
Add for Add for
Span, each Lb. Span, each Lb. each Lb.
in
Feet.
Gl0 Incr....
in
in
Feet.
I G9 Increase
in
G8 Increase
in
44 Lbs. Weight. 38 Lbs. Weight. 32.5 Lbs. Weight.
1----
10 26.tJ5 .26 5 40.50 .47 30.51 .42

11 23.68 .24 6 33.75 .39 25.42 35
12 21.71 .22 7 28.93 .34 21.79 .30
13 20.04 .20 8 25.31 .29 19.07 26
14 18.61 .19 9 22.50 .26 16.95 .23
15 17.37 .17 10 20.25 .23 15.25 .21
16 16.28 .16 11 18.41 .21 13.87 .19
,17 15.32 .15 12 16.88 .20 12.71 .17
18 14.47 .15 13 15.58 .18 11.73 .16
19 13.71 .14 14 14.47 .17 10.90 .15
20 13.03 .13 15 13.50 .16 10.17 .14
---------_.
21 12.40 .12 16 12.66 .15 9.53 .13
22 11.84 .12 17 11.91 .14
----------
8.97 .12
23 11.33 .11 18 ---_11.25
.. _.. _-- .13 8.47 .12
24 10.85 .11 19 10.66 .12 8.03 .11
25 10.42 .10 20 10.13 .12 7.63 .10
26 10.02 .10 21 9.64 .11 7.26 .10
27 9.65 .10 22 9.21 11 6.93 .09
28 9.30 .09 23 8.80 .10 6.63 .09
29 8.98 .09 24 8.44 .10 6.36 .08
30 8.68 .09 25 8.10 .09 6.10 .08
31 8.40 .08 26 7.79 .09
32 8.14 .08 27 7.50 .09
33 7.89 .08 28 7.23 .08
34 7.66 .08 2q 6.98 .08
35 7.44 .07 ~O 6.75 .07
Safe loads given include weight of beam. Maximum fiber stress, 16,000
Ibs. per square inch.
cri~ing.
fe loads given below the dotted lines produce deflections exceeding .3.
of the span.
l

BETHLEHEM ::I BEAMS,
IN TONS OF' 2000 LBS.
Span,
30" I: 28" I: 26" I:
Add for each Add for each Add for each
in 830 Lb. Increa.. 828 Lb. Inor.... 826 Lb. Inorea..
Feet. in Weight. in Weight. in Weight.
120 Lbs. 105 Lbs. 90 Lbs.
18 103.50 .44 84.95 .41 67.86 .38

19 98.05 .41 80.48 .39 64.29 .36
20 93.15 .39 76.46 .37 61.07 .34
21 88.71 .37 72.82 .35 58.16 .32
22 84.68 .36 69.51 .33 55.52 .31
23 81.00 .34 66.49 .32 53.11 .30
24 77.62 .33 63.72 .31 50.89 .28
25 74.52 .31 61.17 .29 48.86 .27
26 71.65 .30 58.81 .28 46.98 .26
27 69.00 .29 56.64 .27 45.24 .25
28 66.54 .28 54.61 .26 43.62 .24
29 64.24 .27 52.73 .25 42.12 .23
30 62.10 .26 50.97 .24 40.71 .23
31 60.10 .25 49.33 .24 39.40 .22
32 58.22 .25 47.79 .23 38.17 .21
33 56.45 .24 46.34 .22 37.01 .21
34 54.79 .23 44.98 .22 35.92 .20
35 53.23 .22 43.69 .21 34.90 .19
36 51.75 .22 42.48 .20 33.93 .19
37 50.35 .21 41.33 .20 33.01 .18
38 49.03 .21 40.24 .19 32.14 .18
39 47.77 .20 39.21 .19 31.32 .17
40 46.57 .;W 38.23 .19 30.54 .17
41 45.44 .19 37.30 .18 29.79 .17
42 44.36 .19 36.41 .18 29.08 .16
43 43.33 .18 35.56 .17 28.41 .16
44 42.34 .18 34.75 .17 27.76 .15
45 41.40 .17 33.98 .16 27.14 .15
46 40.50 .17 33.24 .16 26.55 .15
47 39.64 .17 32.54 .16 25.99 .14
48 38.81 .16 I 31.86 .15 25.45 .14
Safe loads given include weight of beam. Maximum fiber stress, 16.000
lbs. per square inch.
62 BETHLEH E M S TEEL COMPANY.
BETHLEHEM :I BEAMS,
IN TONS OF" 2000 LBS.
BEAMS BEING ~ECUAED AGAINST Y IELD I NG SIDEWA Y S .
24" :t Add for 20" :t Add for

Span, each Lb. each Lb.
in B24a B24 Increasa B20a B20 Increase
reel -- -- in in
84 Lbs. 73 Lbs. Weight. 82 Lbs. 72 Lbs. 69 Lbs. 64 Lbs. 59 Lbs. Weight.
- -- - - - -- --------
12 88.22 77.45 .52 69.33 65.18 56.40 54.32 52.10 .44
13 81.43 71.49 .48 63.99 60.17 52.06 50.14 48.09
-- .40
14 75.62 66.38 .45 59.42 55.87 48.34 46.56 44.65 .37
15 70.58 61.96 .42 55.46 52.14 45.12 43.45 41.68 .35
16 66. 16 58.08 .39 51.99 48.88 42.30 40. 74 39.07 .33
17
18
62.27
58.81 --
54.67
51.63
.37
.35
48.94 46.01 39.81
46.22 43.45 37.60
38.34
36.21
36.77
34.73
.31
.29
19 55.72 48.91 .33 43.78 41.17 35.62 34.31 32.90 .28
20 52.93 46.47 .31 41.60 39.11 33.84 32.59 31.26 .26
21 50.41 44.26 .30 39.61 37.25 32.23 31.04 29.77 .25
22 48. 12 42.24 .29 37.81 35.55 30.76 29.63 28.42 .24
23 46.03 40.41 .27 36.17 34.01 29.42 2834 27.18 .23
24 44. 11 38.72 .26 34.66 32.59 28.20 27.16 26.05 .22
25 42.35 37. 17 .25 33.28 31.29 27.07 26.07 25.01 .21
26 40.72 35.74 .24 32.00 30.08 26.03 25.07 24.04 .20
27 39.21 34.42 .23 30.~ 128.97 25.07 24.14 23.15 .19
28 37.81 33.19 .22 29.71 27.93 24.17 23.28 22.33 .19
29 36.50 "32.05 .22 28.69 26.97 23.34 22.48 21.56 .18
30 35.29 30.98 .21 27.73 26.07 22.56 21.73 20.84 .17
31 34.15 29.98 .20 26.84 25.23 21.83 21.03 20.17 .17
32 33.08 29.04 .20 26.00 24.44 21.15 20.37 19.54 .16
33 32.08 28.16 .19 25.21 23.70 20.51 19.75 18.94 .16
34 31.14 27.33 .19 24.47 23.00 19.90 19.17 18.39 .15
35 30.25 26.55 .18 23.77 22.35 19.34 18.62 17.86 .15
36 29.41 25.82 .17 23.11 21.73 18.80 18.11 17.37 .15
37 28.61 25.12 .17 22.48 21.14 18.29 17.62 16.90 .14
38 2V;~ 24.46 .17 21.89 20.58 17.81 17.15 16.45 .14
39 27. 14 23.83 .16 21.33 20.06 17.35 16.71 16.03 .13
40 26.47 23.23 .16 20.80 19.55 16.92 16.30 15.63 .13
crippling.
SAFE LOADS UNIFORMLY DISTR IBUTED FOR
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS,
BEAM S BEIN G SECU R E D A G AINST Y I E LD I N G S ID E WAY S.
18" l: Add for 15 " l: Add for

81"'n, B18 each Lb. B 15 b 815 a B 15 each Lb.
in Increase - - -- Increase
Feet. 59 54 48.5 in 71 54 46 41 38 in
Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Weight. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Weighl
-- - - - -- - - - -- -- -- -- --- -
12 43.62 41.58 39.42 .39 47.18 36.15 28.73 27.06 26.23 .33
13 40. 26 38.38 36.39 .36 43.55 33.37 26.52 24.98 24.21 .30
14 37.39 35.64 33.79 .34 40.44 30.99 24.62 23.19 22.48 .28
15 34.90 33.26 31.54 .31 37.75 28.92 22.98 21.65 20.98 .25
16 32.71 31.18 29.56 .29 35.39 27.11 21.55 20.30 19.67 .26
17 30.79 29.35 27.83 .28 33.30 25.52 20.28 19.10 18.51 .23
18 29.08 27.72 26.28 .26 31.45 24.10 19.15 18.04 17.49 .22
19 27.55 26.26 24.90 .25 29.80 22.83 18.14 17.09 16.56 .21
20 26.17 24.95 23.65 .24 28.31 21.69 17.24 16.24 15.74 .20
21 24.93 23.76 22.53 .22 26.96 20.66 16.42
15.46 14.99 .19
22 23.79 22.68 21.50 .21 25.74 19.72 15.67
14.76 14.31 .18
23 22.76 21.70 20.57 .21 24.62 18.86 14.99
14.12 13.68 .17
24 21.81 20.79 19.71 .20 23.59 18.07 14.36
13.53 13.11 .16
25 20.94 19.96 18.92 .19 22.65 17.35 13.79
12.99 12.59 .16
26 20.13 19.19 18.19 .18 21.78 16.68 13.26 12.49 12.11 .15
27 19.39 18.48 17.52 .17 20.97 16.07 12.77 12.03 11.66 .15
28 18.69 17.82 16.89 .17 20.22 15.49 12.31 11.60 11.24 .14
29 18.05 17.21 16.31 .16 19.52 14.96 11.89 11.20 10.85 .14
30 17.45 16.63 15.77 .16 18.87 14.46 11.49 10.82 10.49 .13
31 16.88 16.10 15.26 .15 18.26 13.99 11.12 10.47 10.15 .13
32 16.36 15.59 14.78 .15 17.69 13.56 10.77 10.15 9.84 .12
33 15.86 15.12 14.33 .14 17.16 13.15 10.45 9.84 9.54 .12
34 15.40 14.68 13.91 .14 16.65 12.76 10.14 9.55 9.26 .12
35 14.96 14.26 13.52 .13 16.18 12.39 9.85 9.28 8.99 .11
36 14.54
.---- ... -
13.86 13.14 .13 15.n 12.05 9.58 9.02 8.7~ .11
37 14.15 13.49 12.78 .13 15.30 11.72 9.32 8.781 8.51 .11
38 13.77 13.13 12.45 .12 14.90 11.42 9.07 8.55 8.2 , .10
39 13.42 12.79 12.13 .12 14.52 11.12 8.84 8.33 8.07\ .10
40 13.09 12.47 11.83 .12 14.15 10.84 8.62, 8.12 7.87 .10
Safe loads given include weight of beam. Maximum fiber stress 16 000
lbs. f,er square inch. '
oad given above the heavy line exceeds safe load for web crippling.
Safe loads given below the dotted lines produce deflections exceeding .iJo
of the span.
64 BE THLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS,
IN TONS OF 2000 LBS .
BEAMS B E I N G SECURED AGAINST Y IELDING SIDEWAYS.
12" J: .I.dd for 10" J: .l.dd for

Span, each Lb. each Lb.
in 912 a 912 Inor.... 9 10 In........
r..t. 36 Lbs.
in in
32 Lbs. 28.5 Lbs. Weight. 28.5Lbs. 23.5 Lbs. W.ight.
------ --
9 26.59 22.57 21.36 .35 15.95 14.57 .29
10 23.93 20.31 19.22 .31 14.35 13.11 .26
11 21.76 18.46 17.47 .29 13.05 11.92 24

12 19.94 16.92 16.02 .26 11.96 10.92 .22
13 18.41 15.62 14.79 .24 11.04 10.08 .20
14 17.09 14.51 13.73 .22 10.25 9.36 .19
15 15.95 13.54 12.81 .21 9.57 8.74 .17
16 14.96 12.69 12.01 .20 8.97 8.19 .16

17 14.08 11.95 11.31 .19 8.44 7.71 .15
18 13.30 11.28 10.68 .17 7.97 7.28 .15
19 12.60 10.69 10.12 .17 7.55 6.90 .14
20 11.97 10.15 9.61 .16 .......7.18
..... -.. - 6.55 .1 3
21 11.40 9.67 9. 15 .15 6.84 6. 24 .12

22 10.88 9.23 8.74 .14 6.52 5.96 .12
23 10.41 8.83 8.36 .14 6.24 5.70 .11
24 ..............
9.97 _-_ ... ----~~~~--. '---7:69---
8.01 .13 5.98 5.46 .11
25 9.57 8.12 .13 5.74 5.24 .10
26 9.20 7.81 7.39 .12 5.52 5.04 .10

27 8.86 7.52 7.12 .12 5.32 4.86 .10
28 8.55 7.25 6.86 .11 5.13 4.68 .09
29 8.25 7.00 6.63 .11 4.95 4.52 I .09
30 7.98 6.77 6.41 .11 4.78 4.37 .09
31 7.72 6.55 6.20 .10

32 7.48 6.35 6.01 .10
33 7.25 6.15 5.82 .10
34 7.04 5.97 5.65 .09
35 6.84 5.80 5.49 .09
Jbs. per square inch.
Safe loads given below the dotted lines produce deflections exceeding
... of the span.
SAFE LOADS UNIFORMLY DISTRIBIITED FOR
BETHLEHEM :I: BEAMS,

IN TONS OF' 2000 LBS.
9" J: Add for 8" J: Add ror

Sp&n, eaeh Lb. eaeh Lb.
B9 Be
in Iner.... IncreASe
r ~ 24 Lbs. 20 Lbs. in 19.5 Lbs. 17.5 Lbs. in
Woigh~ W.igh~
---
5 21.83 20.18 .47 16.16 15.30 .42
6 18.19 16.81 .39 13.46 12.75 .35
7 15.6<J 14.41 .34 11.54 10.93 .30
8 13.65 12.61 .29 10.10 9.57 .26
9 12.13 11.21 .26 8.98 8.50 .23
10 10.92 10.09 .24 8.08 7.65 .21
11 9.92 9.17 .21 7.34 6.96 .19
12 9.10 8.41 .20 6.73 6.38 .17
13 8.40 7.76 .18 6.21 5.89 .16
14 7.80 7.21 .17 5.77 5.47 .15
15 7.28 6.73 .16 5.39 5.10 .14
16 6.82 6.31 .15 5.05 .. __ .. _4.78
......... _... .13
17 6.42 5.93 .14 '---4~75---
4.50 .12
18 6.07 5.61 .13 4.49 4.25 .12
.. _------- ... _--------
19 5.75 5.31 .13 4.25 4.03 .11
20 5.46 5.04 .12 4.04 3.83 .11
21 5.20 4.80 .11 3.85 3.64 .10
22 4.96 4.59 .11 3.67 3.48 .10
23 4.75 4.39 .10 3.51 3.33 .09
24 4.55 4.20 .10 3.37 3.19 .09
25 4.37 4.04 .10 3.23 3.06 .08
26 4.20 3.88 .09
27 4.04 3.74 .09
28 3.90 3.60 .09
29 3.76 3.48 .08
30 3.64 3.36 .08
I
Safe loads given include weight cf beam. Maximum fiber stress, 16,000
Safe loads given below the dotted lines produce deflections exceeding
of the span.
,i.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COM P A NY.
MAXIMUM SAFE SHEAR

ON THE W E BS OF BEAMS AND GIRDERS.
On relatively short spans the safe strength of the web of the

beam against crippling, caused by the shearing stress, may
determine the maximum safe load which the beam should
support.
The shearing stresses in the web of a beam may be resolved
into two component stresses of equal intensity, at right angles to
each other, and at ang:<:s of 45 degrees with the neutral axis.
Both of these stresses are of the. same intensity and equal to
that of the vertical shear. These component stresses are
equivalent to compressive and tensile forces acting upon the
web of the beam. The compressive forces tend to buckle the
web, but it is not entirely free to buckle because the tensile forces
acting at right angles have the effect of stiffening it.
The formula in general use for determining the maximum
safe shear on the webs of beams and girders is as follows,

M aXlmum saf e sear,
h m poun d s= 12,000h' dt
1 +30oot'
where d = depth of beam, t = thickness of web, and h = clear

distance between flanges, all dimensions in inches.
The safe shears on the webs of Bethlehem beams and
girders, derived from this formula, are given in the table on
the opposite page, and also the corresponding minimum spans
for the greatest safe uniformly distributed loads.
The safe uniformly distributed load for any span less than
the minimum span given must not exceed twice the safe shear.
The safe had concentrated at the center of a span must not be
. greater than twice the safe shear given, and the corresponding
minimum span will be one-half the minimum span given in the
t:tble. Loading of any kind must not produce a shear exceeding
the safe shear given unless the webs are stiffened.
I n general, the shearing strength of the webs will be found
ample for all ordinary cases of loading.
MAXIMUM SAFE SHEAR FOR
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS AND GIRDER

BEAMS,
BASED UPON THE CRIPPLING STI'IENGTH OF THE WEBS.
ALSO THE CORRESPONDING MINIMUM SPANS
FOR GREATEST SAFE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS.
::t BEAMS. GIRDER BEAMS.

I JIini-
Depth 0 Weight lIuimum lIini- DepthoC Weighl lIuimum
Section Seotion
Beam, per Foo~ SaCe Shear, mum Bea.m, per Foo~ SaCe Shear, mum
Nnmber. Span, Nnmber. Span,
Inoh... Pounds. Pounds. Inches. Pounds. Pounds.
FooL Feet.
--- -- - - - - - -- - - -- - - - - - - -
B30 30 120.0 103,800 G30a 30 200.0 189,300 17.2
17.9 1
B28 28 105.0 89,000 17.2 G30 30 180.0 165,200 17.6
B26 26 90.0 75,300 16.2 G28a 28 180.0 161,500 17.3
B24a 24 84.0 75,100 14.1 G28 28 165.0 150,300 16.6
24 83.0 93,100 10.7 G26a 26 160.0 135,900 17.0
B24 24 73.0 54,000 17.2 G26 26 150.0 135,900 15.6
B20a 20 82.0 102,400 8.1 G24a 24 140.0 121,700 15.3
20 72.0 64,900 12.1 24 120.0 98,500 16.3
G24
20 69.0 88,200 7.7 G20a 20 140.0 124,200 12.6
B20 20 64.0 69,400 9.4
20 59.0 50,000 12.5 G20 20 112.0 98,500 12.7
18 59.0 78,000 6.7 G18 18 92.0 76,100 12.4
18 54.0 57,500 8.7 G15b 15 140.0 134,200 8.4
B18 18 52.0 49,200 9.9 G15a 15 104.0 94,300 9.2
18 48.5 36,700 12.9 15 73.0 59,200 10.6
GIS
B15b 15 71.0 77,900 7.3 G12a 12 70.0 57,200 8.4
15 64.0 93,900 5.0 12 55.0 42,300 9.1
BlSa 15 54.0 54,800 7.9 G12
GI0 10 41.0 29,800 8.7
15 46.0 60,000 5.7
BI5 15 41.0 39,900 8.1 IG9 9 38.0 26,700 7.6
15 38.0 30,100 10.5 G8 8 32.5 23,600 6.5
B12a 12 36.0 3~,200 7.4
12 32.0 35,800 5.7
BI2 12 28.5 22,200 8.7
Maximum Safe Shear _ 12,000-"IT
dt
10 28.5 39,800 3.6
BI0 10 23.5 21,000 6.2 1 + 3000 I'
'Vhere,
9 21.0 33,900 3.2 d - deplh of beam,
B9 20,100 5.0 t - thickness of web,
9
B8 8 WOI
19.5 26,900 3.0
h - clear distance between flanges .
All dimensions in inches.
8 17.5 18,900 4.1
v
BETHLEHEM
::I B E AMS AND GIRDER BEAMS
FOR RAIl.ROAD BRIDGES.
The table on the opposite page shows the application of

Bethlehem rolled beam and girder sections for use as track
stringers in railroad bridges and for short span railroad bridges.
The table is calculated according to Theodore Cooper's Speci-
fications for Railroad Bridges for a loading of E 40, equivalent
to a capacity for 142-ton locomotives. All figures are given for
one rail or one-half track.
The size and weight of the Bethlehem rolled sections which
are required for the purpose are given for the ....arious spans.
As a comparison, the size and weight of the corresponding present
standard I beams that could be employed for the same purpose
are also given, so far as standard beams could be used. The
economical weight of the Bethlehem beams is apparent from this
comparison. Riveted girders would be required on spans greater
than 17 feet in length, unless the more economical rolled Bethle-
hem beams are used.
Bethlehem rolled beams, for all spans under 25 feet in length,
will weigh less than the most economical riveted girder it is pos-
sible to design, even when the depth of the latter is unlimited.
For spans over 25 feet in length, the rolled beams will weigh less
than riveted girders of equal depth.
In every case the Bethlehem rolled section is economical,
weight or cost considered, as compared with a standard I beam
or with a riveted girder.
The Bethlehem beams also can be used to advantage for
the cross girders or floor beams of bridges. Where available
depth is limited, the rolled girder sections having twice the section
modulus of standard beams of equal depth ,vill be found desirable
for stringers or crOSS girders, and prove economical in weight and
cos~ as compared with built-up riveted girders which otherwise
would be required. These rolled girder sections will also be found
specially adapted for solid bridge floors of shallow depth.
BETHLEHEM S'EEL COMPANY . 69
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS AND

GIRDER BEAMS
USED FOR
RAILROAD TRACK STRINGERS

AND SHORT SPAN RAILROAD BRIDGES.
DESIGNED ACCORDING TO COOPER'S SPECI FICATIONS
FOR LOADING E40 .
MOST ECONOMIC.l.L
Bending BETHLEHEM ROLLED SECTIONS ST.l.ND.l.RD I REAMTI!.I.T
Moment, REQUIRED.
S~.n,
lD
in Seotion
Modn-us
- COULD BE USiD.
r..i. lool-Lbs. Raquired. We hi
for Saolion W'1,hl
~ Track. Number r;~:~ per 'tooi.
Lb .
per oo~
Lbs.
8i!e.
r--- -- - -----
10 65,800 79 B15 a 15 54.0 60 15/1 I
11 76,700 92 BI8 18 52.0 60 18/1 I
12 89,000 107 B20 20 59.0 65 20/1 I
13 102,000 122 B20 20 64.0 70 20/1 I
14 116,800 140 B20a 20 72.0 80 20/1 I
15 133,000 160 B24 24 73.0 80 24/1 I

16 149,000 179 B24 24 83.0 85 24/1 I
17 166,000 199 B24 a 24 84.0 100 24/1 I
18
19
182,000
200,600
218
241
B26
B28
26
28
90.0
105.0
... ~
"". 1'1
. .......
", 0
'g.~ ;:: f:;f
,,1'1<1
20
21
223,000
243,000
2fi8
292
B28
B30
28
30
105.0
120.0
~g~
~ g~ "~~...
~.~
.. bI>
;;"'~
22 266,000 320 B30 30 120.0 ....... "
.s~tw
"''0
.s~
23 287,000 344 B30 30 120.0 . S'M '" Ilf~
24 310,000 372 G26 26 150.0 '" '"
~'O
" .~
0 '"
:;;~ ~~
25 331,000 397 G26 26 150.0 g ~ ""

~ :S
~~~ 'd"' ooen .ci
....
26 354,000 425 G26 a 26 160.0 "'''' ''' ~ !lI A
27 377,000 452 G28 28 165.0 =~ 8- 0 - ' "
... ... ... ..Q'd
28 401,000 481 G30 30 180.0 S~ '""'.d Q.)S~

!l) . ..... Q) ~
29 427,000 512 G30 30 180.0 ~ ~ '5hp'~:: ~

~i-g ~ ~~~
30 453,000 544 G30 30 180.0 ~~~~~~~
~ .~~ ~ ~
31 478,000 575 G30 a 30 200.0
32 504,000 605 G30a 30 200.0
EXPLANATION OF" TABLES

OF SAFE LOADS FOR BETHLEHEM ROLLED
STEEL H COLUMNS.
The superiority of steel columns over columns of any

other material is so well understood and recognized as to
need no comment. Cast iron columns are sometimes used
solely on the score of cheapness because of the relatively
greater cost of riveted steel columns-the only kind of steel
columns heretofore obtainable; but in buildings of anything
more than the most moderate height, or wherever stiffness
of frame and absolute security is essential, steel columns are
exclusively employed.
Bethlehem rolled steel H sections reduce the cost of steel
columns to such an extent that they can be used for all pur-
poses with economy. These rolled steel columns provide all
the desired qualities of safety and reliability at a cost less
than that of any other form of steel column, and at a cost as
low or even less than cast iron.
For very short lengths the compressive strength of struc-
tural steel of standard quality is the same as its tensile
strength. As the length increases the compressive strength
diminishes. A short column has a practically uniform com-
pressive strength for all lengths less than about fifteen times
its least diameter; but for greater lengths the strength
decreases, the decrease being a function of the length of the
column and the radius of gyration of the section in the
direction of its least resistance to bending. Conforming to
these conditions, the safe allowable stress, in lbs. per square
inch, on square ended columns of medium steel used for
buildings is given by the following formula:
13,000 lbs. for lengths under 55 radii of gyration.
16,000-55 ~ forlengths over 55 radii of gyration.
in which I = unsupported length of column and r = least
radius of gyration, both in inches.
The safe strength of steel columns given by this formtHa
agrees in a satisfactory manner with the available experi-
mental data on the subject. In addition it is of correct
theoretical form. It represents a straight line which becomes
tangent to the curve of Euler's formula for very long col-
umns and fixes a maximum limit of stress for columns of
relatively short length. The safe stress allowed on steel
columns by this rule corresponds to the safe stress usually
allowed for beams and girders in buildings. Columns pro-
~------------------------------------------.--
portioned in accordance with this formula have the same
proper degree of safety as the beams and girders which they
support, thus maintaining a symmetrical proportion of all
parts of the structure.
A comparison of this formula Nith the column formulas
specified by the building laws of the principal cities in the
United States is shown by the diagram herewith, from which
it will be seeu that it represents about an average of general
practice.
COMPARISON Of'
o SO 100 150 200
..
Values of Ratios of.!..
A riveted column, having the metal in its shaft injured

and weakened by the punching of numerous rivet holes, is
liable to fail under a less load than a rolled column in which
the shaft is devoid of rivets. The formula does not take
into consideration this advantage in favor of the rolled steel
column sections. It represents only the best current practice
in general steel column design, and is not limited to columns
of special or superior shape.
Safe loads computed by this formula are given in the
tables on pages 78-85 for ' all the sizes of Bethlehem
rolled H columns and on pages 74-77 for Bethlehem I
beams and girder beams when used as columns, The
(
column required for any given . load and length is readily

selected from these tables.
The unsupported length of a column should not exceed
150 radii of gyration, which is the limit of length for which
safe loads are given in the tables. In the best practice the
unsupported length of a column is frequently required not
to exceed 125 times the least radius of gyration; this latter
limit is indicated in the tables by zigzag lines.
An example is given on page 73 showing the method of
selecting rolled H column sections for buildings, and to
which nJerence should be tnilde. Wherever possible, it is
desirable to provide for the given range of loads by selecting
the different weights required from the variations in size
offered by columns of the same section. Columns thus
selected can be obtained from the same rolling, thereby
avoiding delay in delivery.
Abutting sections of columns, in addition to having
machine squared ends, should be connected by splices of
sufficient size to maintain the continuity of section required
for preserving the rigidity of the steel frame work of the
building or structure. The method of splicing column
sections and the manner of connecting beams and girders
are shown by the illustrations on page 97. Weights given
of the various column sectIOns do not include splices or
connections of any kind.
The safe loads given in the tables are for concentric or
symmetrical loading. When the loads are not centrally or
symmetrically applied, bending is produced in the column,
the effect of which must be considered. The unbalanced
bending moment of the eccentric loads about the center of
the column, in inch-Ibs., divided by the section modulus of the
column in the direction of bending gives the stress in lbs.
per square inch produced by the bendinl$. The load on the
column produces a uniform compressIve stress over the
whole cross section to which the bending stress must be
added. The sum is the maximum stress on the extreme
fibers of the column section.
The maximum fiber stress due to direct load and bending
must not be more than 25 per cent. in excess of the per-
missible stress on the column, for the given length, obtained
from the formu la for concentric loading, otherwise the section
of the column must be increased unti! this limit is not
exceeded.
The section modulus about each principal axis for all the
sections of rolled H columns is given in the tables of their
properties on pages 44-55, by means of which the effect of
eccentric loading is easily calculated and considered in the
above mmmer.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPAN Y. i3
EXAMPLE
SHOWING THE METHOD OF SELECTING BETHLEHEM
RO L LED H COLUMNS FOR BUILDINGS .
For illustration, the interior columns of an actual 16-story
building are taken as an example. The story heights and the
loads on the columns are given in the following table:
H Column Soclion R.equirocl.
Height Load
of on Safe Dimensions, in Inehes. 'Weight
Story. Soclion
Story. Column, wad, of Soclion,
reel Tons. D T B lIumbsr.
To"" Lbs. per Pool
- -- --- --- - - - - -- - - - ---
16th 12 27 55.0 7~ i6 8.00 31.5 H8
15th 13 53
14th 14
81.5 8~ H 8.12 48.0 H8
79
13th 13 104
12th 128
132.2 10~ H 10.12 71.0 HlO
13
11th 13 151
10th 13 174
174.8 12)4 ~ 12.08 91.5 H12
9th 13 197
8th 13 219 219.1 1414 H 14.08 114.5 H14
7th 13 241
6th 13 261
263.8 14~ 1}S 14.19 138.0 H14
5th 13 281
4th 13 301
310.1 15 Ih 14.31 162.0 H14
3d 13 321
2d 15 341
341.3 1514 1~ 14.39 178.5 H14
1st 17 363
Basement. 12 395
403.5 15K IU 14.54 211.0 H14
Columns for buildings are usually selected in lengths of two

stories. By inspection of the tables of safe loads for H columns,
it is found that no columns smaller than 14" H sections have
sufficient capacity for the lower stories. From the table on
page 78 the 14" H columns required are then selected for the
lower stories; and from the tables on pages 80, 82, and 84 the
12", 10", and 8" columns are selected for the upper stories.
All the sizes of columns, as selected and given in the above
table, from the basement to the 9th story inclusive, are obtain-
able from the same rolls at a single rolling.
Where there is no limitation as to the size of the column, the
largest dimension column having the required capacity will be
the most econcmical.
(
H BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 L ~S ., FOR

USED AS COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
Allowable stress p er square inch:
13,000 Ibs. for lengths under 55 radii.
16,000-55 .!.. for lengths over 55 radii.
r
Seelion
Depth Weighl Area
of per of
i:!. UNSUPPORTID LKNGTH 01 COLUIlFS, IN lUT,
of Gy- ----,----,--.,.--.,.----,---1
Number. Beam, 'oo~ Secll0n, ration, e 9 10 11 12 13
Inehes. Lbs. Sq. In. Inehes Fl. Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl
- - ---1-- - - -----
G30a 30 200.058.71 3.28 381.6381.6381.6381.6381.6 381.6
G30 30 180.053.00 2.86 344.5344.5344.5344.5344.5 344.5
G28a 28 180.052.86 3.18 343.6343.6343.6343.6343.6 343.6
G28 28 165.048.47 2.77 315.1315.1315.1 315.1 315.1 312.7
G26a 26 160.046.91 3.05 304.9304.9304.9304.9304.9 304.9
G26 26 150.043.94 2.08 285.6 285.6285.6285.6285.6 281.2
G24a 24 140.041.16 2.90 267.5267.5267.5 267.5267.5 267.5
G24 24 120.035.38 2.66 230.0 230.0 230.0 230.0 230.0 225.8
G20a 20 140.041.19 2.91 267.8267.8267.8267.8267.8 267.8
G20 20 112.0 32.81 2.70 213.3 213.3 213.3 213.3 213.3 210.4
G18 18 92.027.12 2.59 176.3176.3176.3176.3175.5 172.0

GI5 b 15 140.041.27 2.83 268.2268.2268.2268.2268.2 267.6
G 15 a 15 104.030.50 2.64 198.3 198.3 198.3 198.3 198.3 194.4
G15 15 73.021.49 2.39 139.7139.7139.7139.3136.3 133.4
G12 a 12 70.020.58 2.36 133.8133.8133.8133.0130.1 127.3
G12 12 55.0 16.18 2.~4 105.2105.2105.2103.2 100.!) 98.5
G10 10 44.012.95 2.10 84.1 84.1 83.2 81.2 79.2 77.1
G9 9 38.011.22 1.98 72.9 72.9 71.1 69.2 67.3 65.4
G8 8 32.5 9.54 1.86 62.0 61.1 59.4 57.7 56.0 54.3
Beams not secured against yielding sideways and free to fail in direction of
least radius of gyration.
BETHLEHEM STEE L C O MPANY. 75
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LBS., FOR

USED A S COLUMNS.
S QUA R E ENDS.
Allowablo stress p er square inch :
13,000 lbs. for lengths under 55 radii.
16,OOO-55...! for lengths over 55 radii.
r
UNSU?PORTED LENGTH OF COLUMNS IN rDlT.

Seelion
14 15 16 18 20 22 24 28 32 36 Numbor.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ft ~ ~ ~ n
- - -- -- ----1-- - - - - - j - --I- - -- - -
381.6 381.6 375.2 363.4 351.5 339.7327.9304.3280.7257.0 G30a

338.4 332.3 326.2 313.9301.7289.5277.2252.Srz28.3203.9 G30
~
343.6 340.6 335.1324.1313.1302.2291.2269.31z47~~25.4 G28a

306.9301.1 295.4 283.8272.3260.7249.2226.1203.01179.9 G28
304.2299.2 294. 1 283.9273.8263.6253.5233.2~ 192.6 G26a
275.8 270.4 265.0 254. 1243.3232.5221. 7 200.0 178.4 156.8 G26
263.7 259.0 254.3 245.C 235.6226.2216.9198. 1179.4 160.7 G24a
221.4 217.0 212.6 203.8194.9186. 177.3159.7 142.1124.4 G24
264.1259.5 254.8 245.5 236.1226.8217.4198.~ 180.1161.4 G20a
206.4 202.3 193.3 190. 3 182.3174.3166.2:~ 134.2 ........ . G20
168.6 165.1 161.7 154.8 147.9140.9134.0120.21106.4 G18
i-'-
262.8258.0 253.2 243.5233.9224.3214.71~ 176.2 G15b
190.6 186.8 183.0 175.4167.8160.1152.5137.3122.0 G15a
130.4 127.4 124.5 118.5112.6106.7100.7 88.9 ......... ........ . G15
124.4 121.5 118.6 112.9107.1101.4 95. 84.1 ........ ......... G12a
96.1 93.7 91.3 86.6 81.8 77.~2.3 62.7 ... ............. . G12
75.1 73.1 71.0 67.0 62.9 ~ 54.7 .......................... GlO
63.6 61.7 59.8 56.1~ 48. 44.9 ......... ......... ...... .. G9
52.7 51.0 49.3 45.9 42.5139.1135.7 .......................... G8
Loads given to the right of the zigzag line are for lengths greater than 125
radii of gyration.
r
SAFE LOADS, IN TONS OF 2000 LOS., FOR
BETHLEHEM ::I: BEAMS

USED AS COLUMNS.
SQUARE EN OS.
Depth W.ighl Ar.. Leasl UNSUPPORTED LENGTH 0' COLUIIJIS.

8.01ion of per of Radius
Beam, Foo~ Sgelion, of Gy-
Numhor. relion. 5 6 7 8 9 10
In,h.B. Ponods. Sq. In.
Inches. Ft. Fl Fl Fl rt. PI.
- - - - - -I - - - - - - - - - - -
B30 30 120.0 35.30 2.16 229.5 229.5 229.5 229.5 229.5 228.5
B28 28 105.0 30.88 2.06 200.7 200.7 200.7 200.7 200.7 197.6
B26 26 90.0 26.49 1.95 172.2 172.2 172.2 172.2 17U 167.1
B24a 24 84.0 24.80 1.92 16U 161.2 161.2 161.2 160.0 155.8
B24 24 83.0 24.59 1.78 159.9 159.9 159.9 159.9 155.7 151.2
24 73.0 21.47 1.86 139.6 139.6 139.6 139.6 137.5 133.7
B20a 20 82.0 24.17 1.82 157.1 157.1 157.1 157.1 153.9 149.5
20 72.0 21.37 1.88 138.9 138.9 138.9 138.9 137.2 J33.5
20 69.0 20.26 1.59 131.7 131.7 131.7 128.4 124.2 120.0
B 20 20 64.0 18.86 1.62 122.6 122.6 122.6 120.1 116.3 112.5
20 59.0 17.36 1.66 112.8 112.8 112.8 111.3 107.8 104.4
18 59.0 17.40 1.50 113.1 112.4 112.4108.6 104.8 100.9
B18 18 54.0 15.87 1.54 103.2 103.2 103.2 99.~ 96.4 93.0
18 52.0 15.24 1.56 99.1 99.1 \19.1 96.2 92.9 89.7
18 48.5 14.25 1.59 92.7 92.7 92.7 90.4 87,4 84.5
B15b 15 71.0 20.95 1.71 136.2 136.2 136.213.5.3 13U 127.2
15 64.0 18.81 1.49 122.3 122.3 121.3 117.1 113.0 108.8
B15a 15 54.0 15.88 1.55 103.2 103.2 103.2 100.0 96.f 93.3
15 46.0 13.52 1.36 87.9 87.9 85.~ 8U 78J 75.3
B15 15 41.0 12.02 1.41 78.1 78.1 76.5 73.( 70.~ 68.0
15 38.0 11.27 1.44 73.~ 73.2 72.1 69.f 66.9 64.3
B12a 12 36.0 10.61 1.42 69.0 69.0 67.6 65.~ 62.7 60.2
12 32.0 9.44 1.30 61.4 61.2 1)8.8 56.4 54,( 51.6
B12 12 28.5 8.42 1.35 54.8 54.8 53.0 50.9 48.9 46.8
10 28.5 8.34 1.21 54. 2 53.0 50.8 48. 5 46.2 44.0
BlO 10 23.5 6.94 1.27 45.1 44.7 42.9 41. 1 39.3 37.5
9 21.0 7.04 1.12 45.8 43.9 41.8 39. 7 37.7 35.6
B9 9 20.0 6.01 1.17 39. 1 37.9 36.2 34. 5 32.8 31.1
B8 8 19.5 5.78 1.08 37.41 35.6 33.9 32. 1 30.3 28.6
8 17.5 5.18 1.11 33.6 32.2 30.6, 29. 1 27.6, 26.0
1--
Beams not secured against yielding sideways and Cree to fail in direction of
least radius of gyration. .
l
SAFE LOADS, IN TO~S OF 2000 LOS., FOR
BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS
USED AS COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
UlISUPPORTED LENGTII OF COLUIillS.

Seclion
11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 Num~r.
lI. Ft. Fl. Ft Fl. Fl. F. Ft. Ft. Ft.
- - - - - -- -- -I-- - - - - I-- - -
223.1 217.7 212.3 206.9 201.5 196.1 185.3 174.6 ~153.0 B30
192.6 187.7 182.7 177.8 172.9 167.9 158.0 148.1 138.2128.3 B28
162.6 158.1 153.6 149.1 144.7 140.2 131.2 122.2 113. 3 104.3 B26
151.5 147.2 143.0 138.7 134.4 130.2 121.7 .!.!.U 104.6 96. 1 B24a
146.6 142.0 137.5 132.9 128.4 123.8 114.7 105.6 96.4 .. ......
129.9 126.1 122.3 118.5 114.6 110.8 10 3 . ~ 95. 6 88.0 ......... B24
145.2 140.8 136.4 132.0 127.6 123.2 114.1: 105.7 97.01........
129.7 126.0 122.2 118.5 114.7 111.0 B20a
: :;;:J~~ ~ ~.
~ 95.9
115.8 111.6 107.4 103.2 99.0 94.8 86.4 78.0
108.6 104.8 100.9 97.1 93.3 89,4 81.7 74.0 B20
100.9 97.5 94.0 90.6 87.1 83.7 76.8 69.9 .................
97.1 93.3 89.5 85.6 81.8 78.0 70. 3 62.7 ......... ........
89.6 86.2 82.8 79.4 76.0 72.! 65.8 59.0 ........ .........
86.5 83.3 80.0 76.8 73.6 70.4 63.9 57.5 ........ ......... BIB
81.5 78.5 75.6 72.6 69.7 66.7 60.8 54.9 ........ .........
123.1 119.1 115.0 111.0 107.0,102.9 94.8 86.7 ........ .......... B15 b
104.6 100.5 96.3 92.1 88.0 83.8 75.5 67.2 ........ ..........
89.9 86.1> 83.1 79.7 76.3 73.0 66.2 59.4 ......... ......... B15 a
- '
72.1 68.8 65.5 62. ~ 58.9 55.7 49.1 ......... ......... .........
65.2 62.4 59.6 56.~ 54.0 51.1 45.5 ......... ......... ......... B15
61.7 59.2 56.6 54.( 51.4 48.8 43.7 ....... ......... .........
57.8 55.3 52.8 50.4 47.9 45.4 40.5 ......... ......... ......... B12 a
49.2 46.8 44.4 42.( 39.6 37.2 ......... ......... ........ .........
44.7 42.7 40.6 38J 36.5 34.4 ........ ........ ' ........ ......... B12
41.7 39.4 37.1 34.9 32. 6 30.3 ......... .........
35.7 33.9
~ 30.3 28.5 26.6 :::::::::1::::::::: BlO
33.5 31.4 29.4 27.; 25.2
29.4 27.7 26.0 24.3 22.7 Allowable stress per square inch: B9
13,000 lb. for lengths nnd.. 55 redii.
26.8125.01 23.3 21.5 \
16,000-55 , for lengtha Oi.r 55 radii. B8
24.5 22.9 21.4 19.9
Loads given to the right of the zigzag line are for lengths greater than 125
radii of gyration.
7l! B ETHLEHEM STEE L COMPANY.
:r- I
T I
TI BETHLEHEM ROLLED STEEL
I
141/ H COLUMNS.
~I
I
SQUARE ENDS .
I
__ ;L Allowable st ress p er square inch:
I I
13,000 Ibs. for lengths under 55 radii.
&---- B -- - -~
16,000-55 -}- for length. over 55 radii.
Weight DII!ENSJONS, lNellES. A.... Least UNSUPPORTED LENGTH 01 COLUl!NS.

of of I\&diU8
Section Section, of Gy-
Number.
Section,
Lbs. per 0 Sqn&re r&tion, 10 12 14 16 18
T B Ft. r..
1001. Ineh ... Ineh... 1 1'1. I'i.
--- -- -- - - - - - - -- ---- -- - -
83.5 13i H 13.92 24.46 3.47 159.0 159.0 159.0 158.5 153.8
91.0 13i i 13.96 26.76 3.49 173.9 173-9 173.9 173.9 168.5
99.0 14 H 14.00 29.06 3.50 188.9 188.9 188.9 188.6 183.2

106.5 14i i 14.04 31.38 3.52 204.0 204.0204.0 204.0 198.1
114.5 141 H 14.08 33.70 3.53 219.1 219.1 219.1 219.1 212.9
122.5 14i 1 14.12 36.04 3.55 234.3 234.3 234.3 234.3 228.0
130.5 14, In 14.16 38.38 3.56 249.5 249.5 249.5 249.5 243.0
138.0 14i I i 14.19 40.59 3.58 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 257.4
146.0 Hi 1/'6' 14.23 42.95 3.59 279.2 279.2 279.2 279.2 272.5
154.0 14i 11 14.27 45.33 3.61 294.7 294.7 294.7 294.7 288.1
162.0 15 1f'6' 14.31 47.71 3.62 310.1 310.1 310.1 310.1 303.4
II14 170.5 15 ~ I i 14.35 50.11 3.64 325.7 325.7 325.7 325.7 319.0
178.5 151 1,7'6' 14.39 52.51 3.65 341.3 341.3 341.3 ~4 1. 3 334.6
186.5 15i 1, 14.43 54.92 3.66 357.0 357.0 357.0 357.0 350.3
195.0 15, 1 !~ 14.47 57.35 3.68 372.8 372.8 372.8 372.8 366.1
203.5 15 i Ii 14.51 59.78 3.69 388.6 388.6 388.6 388.6 381.9
211.0 15i 1H 14.54 62.07 3.70 403.5 403.5 403.5 403.5 396.9
219.5 15i I i 14.58 64.52 3.71 419.4 419.4 419.4 419.4 412.9
227.5 16 1H 14.62 66.98 3.72 435.4 435.4 435.4 435.4 429.0
236.0 16i 1* 14.66 69.45 3.74 451.4 451.4 451.4 451.4 445.2
244.5 161 1H 14.70 71.94 3.75 467.6 467.6 467.6 467.6 461.5
253.0 16i 2 14.74 74.43 3.76 483.8 483.8 483.8 483.8 477.9
261.5 16, 2-h 14.78 76.93 3.77 500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 494.4
270.0 16i 21 14.82 79.44 3.79 516.4 516.4 516.4 516.4 510.9
278.5 16i 21'6' 14.86 81.97 3.80 532.8532.8532.8532.8 527.6
287.5 16t 21 14.90 84.50 3.81 549.3549.3549.3549.3 544.3
1
For detail dimensions, see page 44.

BETHl.EHEM ROLLED STEEL

14" H COLUMNS .
SQUARE ENDS .
Allowable stress per square inch:

13,000 lb. for length. under 55 radii.
I--;-
I
,
T I
I
b
I
I
~
I
I
__ 1_
16,000-55 +- for length. over 55 radii. &----B----.)
Ul!SUPPORTID LENGTH 01 COLUIIN8.

Weighlof
Soclion, Lbs.
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 36 40 1 44 per 1001.
,~ fi. 11. fi. fi. 11. rt. fi. n. fi.
- ------ -- -- - - - -- -
149.2 144.5 139.9 135.2 180.5 125.9 121.2 111.9 102.6 83.5
163.4 158.4 153.3 148.2 143.2 138.1 133.1 122.g 112.8 91.0
177.7 172.2 166.7 161.2 155.8 150.3 144.8 133.8 122.9 111.9 99.0
192.2 186.3 180.4 174.6 168.7 162.8 156.9 145.1 133.4 121.6 106.5
206.6 200.3 194.0 187.7 181.4 175.1 168.8 156.2 143.6 131.0 114.5
221.3 214.6 207.9 201.2 194.5 187.8 181.1 167.7 154.3 140.9 122.5
235.9 228.8 221.7 214.5 207.4 200.3 193.2 179.0 164.7 150.5 130.5
249.9 242.4 234.9 227.4 220.0 212.5 205.0 190.0 175.1 160.1 138.0
264.6 256.7 248.9 241.0 233.1 225.2 217.3 20l.5 185.7 170.0 146.0
279.8 271.5 263.2 254.9 246.6 238.3 230.0 213.5 196.9 180.3 154.0
294.7 286.0 277.3 268.6 259.9 251.2 242.5 225.1 207.7 190.3 162.0
,
309.9 300.8 291.7 282.6 273.5 264.4 255.3 237.1 218.9 200.7 170.5
325.1 315.6 306.1 296.6 287.1 277.6 268.1 249.1 230.1 211.1 178.5
340.4 330.5 320.6 310.7 300.8 290.9 281.0 26U 241.4 221.6 186.5
355.8 345.5 335.2 324.9 314.6 304.3 294.0 273.4 252.8 232.2 195.0
371.2 360.5 349.8 339.1 328.4 317.7 3u7.0 285. 264.2 242.8 203.5
385.8 374.8 363.7 352.6 341.6 330.5 319.4 297.2 275.1 253.0 211.0
401.4 390.0 378.5 367.1 355.6 344.1 332.6 309.1 286.8 263.8 219.5
417.2 405.3 393.4 381.6 369.7 357.8 345.9 322.9 298.5 274.8 227.5
433.0 420.7 408.4 396.2 383.9 371.6 359.4 334.8 310.3 285.8 236.0
448.9 436.2 423.6 410.9 398.2 385.6 372.9 347.6 322.2 296.9 244.5
464.8 451.8 438.7 425.7 412.6 399.6 386.5 36004 ;334.3 308.1 253.0
480.9 467.4 454.0 440.5 427.1 413.6 400.2 373.2 ;346.4 319.5 261.5
497.0 483.2 469.3 455.5 441.6 427.8 413.9 386.2 358.6 330.9 270.0
513.3 499.1 4M.8 470.6 456.3 442.1 427.8 399.4 370.9 342.4 278.5
529.6 515.0 500.4 485.7 471.1 456.4 441.8 412.5 383.3 354.0 287.5
Loads to the right of the heavy line are for lengtha greater than 125 radii.
80 BETHL E HEM STEEL COMPAN Y .
.
:r-
I
T ,
~- - -- B -- -->l
I
TI
I
t
__1.

12/1 H COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
Allowable stress per square inch :
16,000-55 ~ for lengths over 55 radii.
1'\V.~h\ 1 DIIlENSION8, !NCIlES. irea Least UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF COLIoIUNS.

of RAdiu.
Section Seclion, of Gy-
Section,
Numbsr. Lbs.per Squar. mtion, 10 12 14 16 18
D T B
Pool. Inches. Inch Ft. Ft. FI. F\. FI.
- -- - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - I-
64.5 11i i 11.92 19.00 2.98 123.5 123.5 122.5 118.3 114.1
71.5 III H 11.96 20.96 3.00 136.2136.2
1 135.4 130.8 126.2
78.0 12 i 12.00 22.94 3.01 149.1 149.1 148.3 143.3 138.3

84.5 12k H 12.04 24.92 3.03 162.0 162.0161.4 155.9 150.5
91.5 12i ! 12.08 26.92 3.04 175.0 175.0 174.51168.6 162.8
98.5 121 H 12.12 28.92 3.06 188.0 188.0 187.7181.5 175.2
105.0 12; 1 12.16 30.94 3.07 201.1 201.1 201.0 194.3 187.7
H12
112.0 12i 1h 12.20 32.96 3.08 214.2 214.2 214.2 207.2 200.1
118.5 12i 1k 12.23 3"'.87 3.10 226.7 226.7 226.7 219.6 212.1
125.5 12! I t'll" 12.27 36.91 3.11 239.9 239.9 1239.9 232.6 224.8
132.5 13 I i 12.31 38.97 3.13 253.3 253.3 253.3 246.0 237.8
139.5 13! 1-h 12.35 41.03 3.14 266.7 266.7 266.7 259.3 250_6
146.5 13i If 12.39 43.10 3.15 280.2 280.2 280.2 272.6 263.5
153.5 13f 1 ~ 12.43 45.19 3.16 293.7 293.7 293.7 286.0 276.6
161.0 13; 1; 12.47 47.28 3.18 307.3 307.3 307.3 299.7 289.9
For detail dimensions, 8ee page 46.
iii... I
,

12" H COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
13.000 lbs. for lengths under 55 radii.
:r--r
I
I
T I
I
I
I
I
0
iI
I
__ ;L
&----B---->I
UNSl'PPORTED LENGTH OF COLUII!Ns'

Weighlof
Section, Lbs.
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 per PooL.
!'I. F~ !'I. Flo. Flo. PI. P~ PI.. FI. 'I.
-- -- -- -- ------ - - -- - -
109.9 105.7 101.5 97.3 93.1 88.9 84."1 SO.5 76.3 64.5
121.6 117.0 112.4 107.8103.1 98.5 93.9 89.3 84.7 71.5
133.2 128.2 123.2 118.1113.1 108.1 103.0 98.01 93.0 78.0

145.1 139.7 134.2 128.8123.4 lIB 112.5107.1 101.7 84.5
156.9 151.1 145.2 139.4 133.5 127.7 121.9116.01110.2 104.3 91.5
1
169.0 162.8 156.5 150.3144.0 137.8 131.6 125.31119 . 1 112.8 98.5
181.0 174.4 167.7 161.1154.4 147.8 ~ 134.4 127.8 121.1 105.0
1
193.1 186.0 178.9 171.9164.8 157.7 150.7143.6136.6 129.5 112.0
204.7 197.3 189.9 182.5 175.0 167.6 160.2 152.8 145.3 137.9 118.5
217.0 209.1 201.3 193.5 185.6 177.8 170.0 162.1 154.3 146.5 125.5
229.6 221.4 213.2 204.9 196.7 188.5 1SO.3 172.1 163.9 155.6 132.5
242.0 233.4 224.8 216.1 207.5 198.9 190. 181.6 172.0 164.4 139.5
254.5 245.5 236.4 227.4 218.4 209.3 200.< 191.3 182.3 173.2 146.5
267.1 257.7 248.3 238.8229.4 219.9 21O.t 201.1 191.6 182.2 153.5
2SO.1 270.3 260.5 250.71240 .9 231.0 22U 211.4 201.6 191.8 161.0
.
Loads to the righ t of the h eavy line are f"r lengths greater than 125 radii.
82 BETHLEHEM STE E L COMPANY .
J[-;-
T ,
0
I
I
I
I
,
I
I
__ i_

10" H COLUMNS.
SQUARE EN OS.
I I
Allowable stress per square inch :
~---- B -- - - .j 13,000 lbs. fo r lengths u nder 55 radii.
16,000-55 2- for lengths oyer 55 radii.
r
Weight DIMENSIONS, Area Leasl UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF

DC INCHES. of RAdiu. COLUMNS .
Section
Seetion, Section, of Gr-
Number.
Lb. per Squsre ration, 10 11 12 13 14
Fool. 0 T B Inches. Inches. Fl. fl Fl. Fl. Ft.
-- - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -
49.0 9t 9
T1> 9.97 14.37 2.49 93.5 93.5 92.1 90.2 88.3
54.0 10 ~ 10.00 15.91 2.51 103.4 103.4 102.2 100.1 98.0

59.5 10k H 10.04 17.57 2.53 114.2 114.2 113. 1 110.8 108.5
65.5 101 1 10.08 19.23 2.54 125.0 125.0 123.9 121.4 118.0
13
71.0 lOi T1> 10.12 20.91 2.56 135.9 135.9 134.ih32.2 129.5
77.0 1 0~ t 10.16 22.59 2.57 146.8 146.8 145.9 143.0 140. 1
H10 82.5 10~ H 10.20 24.29 2.58 157.9 157.9 157.0 153.9 150.8
88.5 101 1 10.24 25.99 2.60 168.9 168.9 168.3 165.0 161. 7
94.0 lOt 1-11> 10.28 27.71 2.61 180.1 180.1 179.6 176.1 172.6
99.5 11 1k 10.31 29.32 2.62 190.6 190.6 190.2 186.6 182.!l
105.5 11k
1T31> 10.35 31.06 2.64 201.9 201.9 201.9 198.0 194.1
111.5 111 11 10.39 32.80 2.65 213.2 213.2 213.2 209.3 205.2
117.5 11i 1r'1> 10.43 34.55 2.66 224.6 224.6 224.6 220.7 216.4
1..3.5 11 ~ Ii 10.47 36.32 2.67 236.1 236.1 236.1 232.2 227.7
1
F or detail d imensions, see page 48.


10" H COLUMNS.
SQUARE ENDS.
][-;, , I
I
I
0
II
I
__ .t_
Allowable stre3s per square inch: I I
13,000 Ibs. for lengths under 55 radii. ~---- B---- ~
13,000-55 1. for lengths over 55 radii.
r
UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF' COLUMNS.

'Weighl of
SeetiOD, Lb .
15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 per Fool.
Fl. FI. Fl. FI. I't. FI. FI. FI. Ft. FI.
- - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - -
86.3 84.5 80 . 76.~ 73.1 69.3 65. 6U 57.8 54.0 49.0
95.9 93.8 89.E 85.4 81.3 77.1 72.~ 68 . 64.5 60.3 54.0
106.2 103.9 99.3 94.7 90.1 85.E 81.( 76.4 7U 67.2 59.5
116.4 113.9 108.0 103.9 98.9 93.~ 88.~ 83.9 78.~ 73.9 65.5
126.9 124.2 118.8 113.4 108.0 102.E 97.~ 9U 86.4 SO.1 71.0
137.2 134.3 128.5 122.7 116.9 111.1 105.< 99.5 93.7 87.9 77.0
147.7 144.6 138.4 132.2 126.0 119.8 113 ..'i 107.31 10 1.1 94.9 82.5
158.4 155.1 148.5 142.0 135.4 128.8 122.Q 115.6109.0 102.4 88.5
169.1 165.6 158.6 15Ui 144.6 137.6 130.6 123.6 116.6 109.6 94.0
179.2 175.5 168.1 160.7 153.3 145.9 138.f 131.2 123.8 116.4 99.5
T
190.3 186.4 178.6 170.8 163.1 155.3 147.f 139.8 132.0 124.2
201.2 197.0 188.91SO.7172.5164 56.' 148.0 139.9 131.7
212.1 207.8 199.2190.7182.1173.5165.0 156.4 147.8 139.2
105.5
111.5
117.5
223.2 218.7 209.81200.8191.81182.81173.~ 164.9 155.9 146.9 123.5
Loads to the right of the heavy line are for leOlgths greater than 125 radii.
V'
M BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
:r:-
I
t
T
<, 8" H COLUMNS.
SQUARE EN OS.
__ *-
I I
\(-----B----toj 13,000 lb. for lengths under 55 radii.
r
Weight DIMENSIONS'I Ar9& lAIOSt UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF

or INCHES. of Radius COLUMNS.
Seotion
Seolion, Seolion, ofGl-
Jiumber.
Lb por SqUAre ration, 8 9 10 11 12
loot. D T B Inche.. Inobes. n. l't. n. n. n.
------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -i -
32.0 7i -& 8.00 9.17 1.98 59.7 59.7 58.1 56.5 55.0
34.5 8 ! 8.00 10.17 2.01 66.1 66.1 64.7 63.0 61.3

39.0 81 h 8.04 11.50 2.03 74.8 74.8 73.369.6
71.41
43.5 81 ~ 8.08 12.83 2.04 83.4 83.4 81.9 79.8 77.7
48.0 8f H 8.12 14.18 2.05 92.2 92.2 90.6 88.3 86.1
53.0 8~ 1 8.16 15.53 2.07 101.0 101.0 99.5 97.0 94.5
H8
57.5 8~ IH 8.20 16.90 2.08 109.9 109.9 108.4 105.7 103.0
62.0 81 i 8.24 18.27 2.09 118.8 118.8 117.3 114.4 111.5
67.0 8i it 8.28 19.66 2.11 127.8 127.8 126.5 123.5 120.4
71.5 9 1 8.32 21.05 2.12 136.8 136.8 135.6 132.4 129.1
76.5 91 In 8.36 22.46 2.13 146.0 146.0 144.9 141.4 137.9

81.0 91 11 8.39 23.78 2.14 154.6 154.6 153.6 149.9 146.2
85.5 9f lr""G" 8.43 25.20 2.16 163.8 163.8 163.1 159.3 155.4
90.5 9! 11 8.47 26.64 2.17 173.2 173.2 172.6 168.6 164.5
For detail dimensions, Bee page 50.
l
BE T HLEHEM STEE L COMPANY . &'>
:r--'
,
BETHLEHEM ROLLED STEEL T , I
I
a" H COLUMNS. ~I
SQUARE ENDS . I
I
__ 1_
Allowable stress per square inch: , ,
13.000 lbs. for lengths under 55 radii. &----a----.]
16.000-55 .!.. for length. over 55 radii.
r
UNSUPPORTED LENGTH O F COLUMN S .

Weighlof
Section, Lb.
13 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 24 2 6 per FooL
FL 1'1. FL FL FL Fl FL Fl FL FL
\- ---- 1
53.5 52.0 50A 48.9 47.4 45.9 42.8 39.7 36.7 32.0
59.7 58.0 56.< 54.( 53.0 51.< 48.0 44.6 41.3 38.01 34.5
67.7 65.8 64.0 62.1 60.2 58.4 54.6 50.9 47.1 43.4 39.0
75.7 73.6 71.5 69.4 67.4 65.2 61.1 57.0 52.8 48.7 43.5
83.8 81.5 79.2 76.9 74.6 72.4 67.8 63.2 58.7 54.1 48.0
92.1 89.6 87.1 84.6 82.2 79.7 74.7 6G.8 64.8 59.9 53.0
100.3 97.7 950 92.2 89.6 86.9 81.6 76.2 70.9 65.5 57.5
----
108.7 105.8 102.9 100.C 97.1 94.2 88.5 82.7 76.9 71.2
117.3 114.2 111.2 108.1 105.0 101.9 95.8 89.6 83.5 77.3
62.0
67.0
125.8 122.5 119.2 116.0 112.7 109.4 102.9 96.3 89.8 83.2 71.5
134.4 131.0 127.5 124.0 120.5 117.0 110.1 103.1 96.2 89.2 76.5
142.6 138.9 135.2 131.6 127.9 124.2 116.9 109.6 102.2 94.9 81.0
151.6 147,7 143.9 140.0 136.1 132.3 124.6 116.9 109.2 101.5 8.5.5
160.5 156.4 152,4 148.3144.3 140.2 132.1 124.0 115.9 107.8 90.5
I
Loads to the right of the heavy line are for lengths greater than 125 radii.
86 BE'l'HLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.

~--------C -------~
':I~
I - .. COMPOUND COLUMNS.
~
SQUARE ENDS.
14" \i!~;~~c~J'~;f~~ ~o~~~U;J.!i~s~ction
.L Allowable stress per square inch:

13,000 lbs. for l engths under 55 radii.
16,000 - 551. for lengths over 55 radii.
r
We~fhl DIJ(ENSION8, INCHES. .l.r6& Least UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF COLUIlNS.

of Rsdiu.
8e<tion. Section, 8e<tion, ofGy-
Lb per C p H Square ra.tion, 12 14 16 18 20
Fool Inche . Inohes. Fl. Fl lto Fl. Ft.
-------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
.~ 284.0 16 It 16~ 83.52 3.98 542.9542.9542.9 542.9 529.7
:.3:8 290.8 16 1T5~ 161 85.52 3.99 555.9555.9 \555.9 555.9 542.7
g+> 297.6 16 1~ 16k 87.52 4.01 568.9568.9568.9 568.9 556.1
00"0 304.4 16 1;~ 17 89.52 4.02 581.9581.9 :581.9 .~81.9 569.2
~ 311.2 16 1~ 17k 91.52 4.04 594.9594.9 1594.9 594.9 582.6
;::l..Q 318.0 16 It~ 17t 93.52 4.05 607.9607.9 1607.9 607.9 595.8
o~ 324.8 16 I, 17~ 95.52 4.06 620.9620.9 1620.9 620.9 608.9
.u ~ 331.6 16 It! 17~ 97.52 4.08 633.9633.9 1633.9 633.9 622.4
338.4 16 Ii 17i 99.52 4.09 646.9646.9 1646.9 646.9 635.6
~-0
'8 345.2 16 IH 171 101.52 4.10 659.9659.9 \659.9 659.9 648.7
",00
0..'"
oo~ 350.3 17 Ii 17~ 103.02 4.30 669.6669.6 1669.6 669.6 666.0
~o.. 357.5 17 1H 171 105.15 4.31 683.5683.5 ,683.5 683.5 680.2
...:< .... 364.7 17 l~ 17k 107.27 4.32 697.3697.3697.3 697.3 694.3
00>'"
";<0 372.0 17 1H15 18 109.40 4.33 711.1711.1 711.1 711.1 708.4
......
><..Q
'" 379.2 17 2 18k 111.52 4.35 724.9 724.9 124.9 724.9 723.0
386.4 17 2l~ 18t 113.65 4.36 738.7 738.7 738.7 738.7 737.2
~~
......
393.6 17 2k 18i 115.77 4.37 752.5 752.5 752.5 752.5 751.3
400.9 17 2h 18~ 117.90 4.38 766.4 766.4 766.4 761:.4 765.5
0111 408.1 17 2l- 18i 120.02 4.39 780.1 780.1 780.1 780.1 779.7
b~ 415.3 17 2f~ 18i 122.15 4.40 794.0 794.0 794.0 794.0 794.0
"O"i:l
0~:~
.... _Cl5 423.4 18 2t 18i 124.52 4.62 809.4 809.4 809.4 809.4 809.4
S-;Q+>
..g 431.0
438.7
18
18
2f~ 18i
2i 18k
126.77
129.02
4.63
4.64
824.0 824.0 824.0 824.0 824.0
838.6 838.6 838.6 838.6 838.6
2..;< I'l 446.3 18 2l~ 19 131.27 4.65 853.3 853.3 853.3 853.3 853.3
",~.~ 454.0 18 2~ 19k 133.52 4.66 867.9 867.9 867.9 867.9 867.9
;::l I'l ~
o~
461.6 18
~~ 191 135.77 4.67 882.5 882.5 882.5 882.5 882.5
_"1"'"1 b.O 469.3 18 2. 19i 138.02 4.68 897.1 897.1 897.1 897.1 897.1
01:) ta
~tt 19~
u,,'" 476.9 18 140.27 4.69 911.8 911.8 911.8 911.8 911.8
00'" -/ I'l 484.6 18 19t 142.52 4.70 926.4 926.4 926.4 926.4 926.4
- I 1 1 1
For detall dimensions, see page 54.

'X'P
~ ..... -.-C ....... ~
COMPOUND COLUMNS. 1 ."-
l!
SQUARE ENDS.
14" X~~~~?orce~~;l~! ~o~~~u~~:s~ction

16,000 - 00 .!. for lengths over 55 radii.
.1.
r
UNSUPPORTED LENGTH OF COLUIINS. Oo,er Plales.
22 24 26 28 30 32 36 40 44 48
Widlh I Thick
Fl. PI. PI. Fl. 11. F\. 11. Ft. PI.
Inohes: r:::~,.
PI.
C _ P
_
- - - - -- - - - - - - - -
515.8502.0 488.1474.3 460.4 446.6 418.9 39U ~63.5 335.8 16 It
429.5 40U~72.9344.7
528.6514.4 500.3486.1 472.0
541.7527.3 512.9498.5 484.1
457.8
469.7 440.9412.1f383.3354.4
451.6 422.~ ~92.81363.4
16
16 {r
~t
554.5539.8 525.15lO.4 495.7 481.0 16
567.7552.7 537.8522.8 507.9 492.9 463.0 433.1 f403.2,373.3 16
580.5565.3 550.0534.8 519.6 504.3 473.8 '43.4~12.9r.4 16 ll1r
593.4 577.8 562.3546.8 531.2 515.7 484. 7 453.6~22.5391.5 16 It
606.6590.9 575.1559.3 543.5 527.8 496.2 464.7~33.1 01.6 16 }It
619.5603.4 587.4 571.3 555.3 539.2 507.1 475.0~42.9410.7 16 II
632.4 616.1 599.7583.4 567.0
,
550.7 518.0 485.*52.61419.9 16 Itt
650.2631.4 618.6602.8 587.0 571.2 I
539.5507.9 476.*44.7 17 Ii
664.1 648.0 631.9615.8 599.7 583.6 551.4 519.2~87.0~54.8
1
17 Itt
677.9661.5 645.1628.7 612.3 595.9 563 .2530.41497.6464.8 17 Ii
691.8675.1 658.4 641.7 625.1 608.4 575.0541.71508.3 '175.0 17 Iii
706.0689.1 672.2655.3 638.4 621.4 587.6 553.8519.9486.1 17 2
720.0 702.8 685.5668.3 651.1 633.9 599.5565.1530.7496.3
1 17 2-h
733.8716.3 698.9 ,681.4 663.9 646.4 611.4 576.5541.5506 5 17 2t
747.8730.0
1 712.2694.5 676.7 658.9 623.4 587.9552.4510.8 17 2!1r
761.7743.6 725.6707.5 689 ..5 671.5 635.4 599.3563.2527.1 17 2t
775.7757.3 739.0720.7 702.4 684.0 647.4 6lO.8574.1 537.5 17 2f~
-
800.5 782.7 764.9 747.1 729.3 711.5 676.0 640.4 604.8 569.2 18 2t
815.4 797.3 779.2 761.2 743.1 725.0 688.9 652.7 616.6 580.5 18 2/1r
830.3 811.9 793.6 775.2 756.9 738.5 701.8 665.1 628.411591. 7 IS 2t
845.2 826.6 807.9 789.3 770.7 752.0 714.8 677.5 640.31603 .0 18 2,71r
860.1 841.2 822.3 803.4 784.5 765.6 727.8 689.9 652.1614.3 18 2~
875.1 855.9 836.7 817.5 798.3 779.2 740.8 702.4 664.0625.6 18 2!1r
890.1 870.6 851.1 831.7 812.2 792.7 753.81714.9675.9637.0 18 2i
~tt
905.0 885.3 865.5 845.8 826.1 806.3 766.8 727.4 687.9,648.4 18
920.0 900.0 880.0 860.0 840.0 819.9 779.9 739.91699.91659.8 18
; Loads to the right of the heavy line are for lengths greater than 125 radII.
r
88 BETHLEHEM S TEEL COMPANY .
CONNECTION ANGLES
FOR BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.
--;--+-+ -+ -+ -+ -+-- --~-~--+-S~

. . . , -- -.-
I +'*'+'
-;ft-" 2J4"
t--+-+':"+-+-+-+-+ _~" -t-t -t -+--t- --t-"
,,'I ----7-
1U!/?->t<---
, I
I I I I
Spaces-of-3'---- " #1U!" 17'4'#4'Sp'aC~S-l~1 J4"
3.?fo
" of 2 ).2 ' , i
2,Ls, 6' x 6' x v.;x 2 '-0' 2Ls, 6 ' x 6 ' xYi;x 1(.0).2'
26"and 28"Gs
--ti-t---t---t--+---t--
~!4"
+---.--+--~---+----+---+
I I I I I I I
--t.- "
_j.~
15"G
I I I I I I I 1 I
1U{;p.f--
I
--6 -Spaces-of-3"--I -.:h.Ji'
.i j l
2-Ls, 6 ' x 6 ' x Y!.ix 1~9'
~I I II "
1~, 2l11l2~~1J4
2-Ls, 6' x 6' xYJ;x 0'-10'
I +I--t~+~+-;-+J -2'J4"
i--r---r---r---t--r l iS"and g"Gs
1~t+--5-S paces-or-3'-+Y.j1U!"1 ;,i?-!2U!i4j J4"
2-Ls, 6 ' x 6 ' xv.;x 1~6' ~lS
o ' I
-
2J4
-,-"
~ t -t J~'
20"G I : I
,
I
I
I
I
-+, -1--+--t--
+_+_+
I
__ ~_+
I I I ,
-/"
"2 &"
'
2~"
-~ l-t+-+-
-++f2~"
-t- "
-~ ~ I-+-+-
u: +-+-+F!~:
-~-~
t::f~P:p*'::+::f---L
H
1J.2*I 4 -Spaces-ot--3....:.,
I I
1Ji 2-Ls. 6" x 6' XYlo 2-Ls, 6 ' x 6' xJ1
2-Ls. 6' x 6' xv.;x 1(. 3' x 0 (. 5' .x 0 '-7J.2'
Spacing same In both legs of angles unless shown otherwise.

All holes U" diameter for ~" diameter rivets or bolts.
CONNECTION ANGLES
FO R BET H L E HEM J: BE A M S,
30"1 18"I
!.---5;-'.i, :".s!'-I,
I,f'++'++++
t--t--+--+--t--t-+-+-+--tt-~ "
,~ 0.:
, -T'
It----+-----t
II I I
1~1't-------9'Spaces-Of-23ii-----
It I "
I "I '# I
1~"
~
CI)
t-----..-----f
I I I ,
I I I I I
2-Ls, 4' x 4' x %' x 2'-1'
~r, , , , l I~
28"1
1-t-t--t-+-tr L
! 4 Spaces
If)... !.1 "
1Wrr----ot211l~--n '1Xi
I:.,t--t-t--t-t--t-t-t-ttT-"
t I
+ + f + + +--~! I I I I
2-Ls 6' x 4' x lIB' x 1~03ii'
1~r+----8' 8paces-of-23ii~----#Xi"
2-Ls, 4' x 4' x lIB' x 1'-10311'
24"1
-+---+---+---+--+-+-+t-..-
I,t++++-T,-:I-
. I I I ~ 9~"
I I '_
1Xi~-6'Spaces-of-23ii~#1Xi"
2-Ls, 4' x 4' x %' x 1~53ii'
20"1
I-+---+---+--+-..
t
.++,++-~
I -+t--"
I 1 I I _ 219
",1! I I I ',/11 I
1Xi~i45-Spaces-of-272:J41 ~"
2:L'., 4' x 4' x %' x Il~,
Spacing same In both Jegs of anR'les unless shown otherwise.

All holes li" diameter for %,7 diameter rivets or bolts.
MINIMUM SPANS, IN FEET, ON WHICH THE CONNECTION ANGLES FOR

CAN BE USED FOR GREATEST SAFE UNIFORMLY
DISTRIBUTED LOADS.
LEAST SPAN, IN FEET, FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS.

D.pth W.igh~ Riv. ts: Shearing 10,000 Lb,., Bearing 20,000 Lbs. per Square In.
Field
of per Conneetion.
Beam, Connec- Field
When ~wo beams frame oppo,ite each other
F004 to & beam or girder with & web thickness
tion to Conneo- RivS\ She&r,
Inche . Lb,. as follows:
W.b of lion. 8,000 Lb.'1h.r
Square Inc .
Beam.
Til"
9" y." ; l ' Ys" 5"
T il" J4"
I--- - - -- --- -
30 200.0 24.5 24.5 25.7 28.9 33.1 38.6 46.3 57.8 30.7
30 180.0 22.0 22.0 23.0 25.9 29.6 34.5 41.4 51.8 27.5
28 180.0 24.1 24.1 25.2 28.4 32.4 37.8 45.4 56.8 30.1
28 165.0 21.8 21.8 22.8 25.6 29.3 34.2 41.0 51.3 27.2
26 160.0 20.1 20.1 21.0 23.7 27.0 31.5 37.8 47.3 25.1
26 150.0 18.4 18.4 19.3 21.7 24.8 28.9 34.7 43.4 23.0
24 140.0 19.2 19.2 20.1 22.6 25.9 30.2 36.2 45.3 24.0
24 120.0 18.3 16.5 17.3 19.4 22.2 25.9 31.1 38.9 20.6
20 140.0 19.7 19.7 20.6 23.2 26.5 30.9 37.1 46.4 24.6
20 112.0 16.8 15.7 16.4 18.5 21.1 24.7 29.6 37.0 19.6
18 92.0 14.6 11.9 12.4 14.0 16.0 18.6 22.3 27.9 14.8
15 140.0 18.3 18.3 19.2 21.6 24.7 28.8 34.5 43.1 22.9
15 104.0 14.0 14.0 14.7 16.5 18.9 22.0 26.4 33.1 17.5
15 73.0 13.9 10.2 10.6 12.0 13.7 16.0 19.1 23.9 12.7
12 70.0 11.6 10.8 11.4 12.8 14.6 17.0 20.4 25.5 13.5
12 55.0 11.5 8.7 9.1 10.2 11.7 13.7 16.4 20.5 10.9
10 44.0 9.3 5.9 6.2 6.9 7.9 9.3 11.1 13.9 7.4
9 38.0 11.3 7.6 8.0 9.0 10.3 12.0 14.4 18.0 9.5
8 32.5 8.8 5.8 6.0 6.8 7.7 9.0 10.8 13.6 7.2
The great est va lue given of the least span for any of the governing
conditions is the minimum span for which the connection may be used.
WEIGHTS OF' CONNECTION ANGLES FOR GIRDER BEAMS.
Depth of W.igh~ of Depth of Weigh ~ of Weight of

Bea.m. One Connection. Beam. On. Connection. Del!:;f On8 Connection.
30 Inches. 77 Lbs. 20 Inches. 48 Lbs. 10 Inches. 25 Lbs.

28
26
"
"
67 "
67 "
18
15
"
"
41
32 .. 9
8
"
"
17 "
17 "
24 " 57 " I 12 " 25 "
Weights given do not include rivets for field connection
BETHLEHEM STEE L COMPANY . 91
MINIMUM SPANS, IN FEET, ON WHICH THE CONNECTION ANGLES FOR

BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS
CAN BE USED FOR GREATEST SAFE UNIFORMLY
DIST R IBUTED LOADS.
LEAST S P A N, I N FEET, FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS.

Depth Weight
-Rivets:
- Shearing 10,000 Lb., Bearing 20,000 Lbs, per SqUAre In.
Field
of per Connection.
Wh,n two beams fram. opposit, each otber
Beam, loot, Connoo- Field to be&lll or girder with & web thickness
tion to Conn,,- &s follows : Rivet Sbear,
Inah... Lba. 8,000 Lbs'1l:r
Web of lion.
Beam, Square Inc.
9 "
T1f ~ " ft" ji" Ii' 14"
--- - -- - - -- - - -- -- -- ---- - ---
30 120.0 23.0 21.1 22.1 24.8 28.4 33.1 39.7 49.7 26.3
28 105.0 22.7 19.2 20.1 22.7 25,9 30.2 36.2 45.3 24.0
26 90.0 22.1 17.3 18,1 20.4 23.3 27,1 32.6 40.7 21.6
24 84.0 21.9 17.1 17.9 20.2 23.1 26.9 32.2 40.3 21.4
24 73.0 22.7 15.0 15.7 17.7 20.2 23.6 28.3 35.4 18.8
20 72.0 20.2 14.7 15.4 17.4 19.9 23.2 27.8 34.8 18.4
20 59.0 18.5 11.8 12.3 13.9 15.9 18.5 22.2 27.8 14.7
18 48.5 16.4 10.7 11.2 12.6 14.4 16.8 20.2 25.2 13.4
15 71.0 12.1 16.0 16.8 18.9 21.6 25.1 30.2 37.7 20.0
15 54.0 11.8 12.3 12.8 14.5 16.5 19.3 23.1 28.9 15.3
15 38.0 12.1 8.9 9. 3 10.5 12.0 14.0 16.8 21.0 11.1
12 36.0 10.3 9.0 9.5 10.6 12.2 14.2 17.0 21.3 11.3
12 28.5 10.3 7.2 7.6 8.5 9.8 11.4 1'3.7 17.1 9. 1
10 23.5 8.7 7.4 7.8 8.7 10.0 11.6 14.0 17.5 9.3
9 20.0 6.7 5.7 6.0 6.7 7.7 9.0 10.8 13.5 7.1
8 17.5 5.1 4.3 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.8 8.2 10.2 5.4
T he greatest v alue given of the least span for any of the governing
conditions is the minimum span for which the connection may be used.
WEIGHTS OF CON N ECT ION ANGLES FOR BETHLEHEM J: BEAMS .
Depth of Weight of Depth of Weigblof Depth af Weight of

Jleam. One Connection. Boam. One Connection. Beam. One Connoolion
30 Inches. 46 Lbs. 20 Inches. 28 Lbs. 10 In ches. 12 Lbs.

28 " 41 " 18 " 28 " 9 " 12 "
26 " 37 " 15 " 24 " 8 " 12 "
24 " 32 " 12 " 18 "
W eights given do not include rivets for field connection
j
CAST IRON SEPARATORS FOR

-!~
i9
;L <>
<>
rn ~ w~ 0
I
r---s--~
I I+---s--->I
Separators for 18 to 30 inch beams are Yo inch metal.
Separators for 8 to 15 inch beams are ~ inch metal.
~--s--~
SEPARATORS WITH THREE BOLTS.
DESIGN.l.TION OF BUM. DISTANCES. BOLTS. WEIGHTS, IN POUNDS.
Out to Center Width Center Separators. Bolts and NulS.

!Weight Out of to of 10 Length, Sa~-II ncrease Bolls Increase
Saction Depth, per FlA:tes Center Sep&- Center,
Numher. Inches. Foo~ of rator, Inches. Inches. ra r for 1" Nuts and for 1"
fo dditions
Beams, Beams, Inches. vi?Jth Additional
Pounds. Inohes. Inches. S1}lead W.dth S)read
S C S of eams. S of eams
- - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -
G30a 30 200.0 30~ 15~ 15 10 17~
73.0 4.50 7.7 .375
G30 30 180.0 26~ 13~ 13 10 15~
64.5 4.50 7.0 .375
G28a 28 180.0 29% 15 14}( 7~ 16U 65.0 4.15 7.4 .375
G28 28 165.0 25~ 13}( 12)t 7~ 15 59.1 4.15 6.8 .375
G26a 26 160.0 27~ 14}( 13)t 7~ 16 59.0 3.85 7.1 .375
G26 26 150.0 24~ 12~ 12}'8 7~ 14~ 53.0 3.85 6.6 .375
SEPARATORS WITH TWO BOLTS.
G24a 24 140.0 26~ 13U 13}'8 12~ 15}( 50.0 3.50 4.6 .25
G24 24 120.0 24~ 12~ 12}( 12~ 14}( 47.0 3.50 4.3 .25
G20a 20 140.0 25~ 13 12% 10 14~ 39.0 2.80 4.5 .25
I
G20
GI8
GI5h
G15a
G15
20
18
15
15
15
112.0
92.0
140.0
104.0
73.0
24~ 12~
23)1. 12
24
23
12}(
11U
21Yz 11
12
11~ 10
10 14 38.0 2.80
13~ 34.0 2.60
11% 7~ 14 22.0 1.50
11}'8 7~ 13~ 22.0 1.60
10.% 7)1. 1 2~ 21.0 1.60
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.0
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
G12a 12 70.0 20~ 1O.~ 10 5 12 17.5 1.30 3.8 .25
G12 12 55.0 20}'8 10% 10 5 11~ 17.5 1.30 3.8 .25
SEPARATORS WITH ONE BOLT.
GI0
10 144,0118~19~19}'81
38.0 17~ 9 8~ 11O~11l.0
1O}( 10.0 11.10
1.00
8 .125
.125
G9
G8 I 9
8
All bolts
32.5 16)1.
~ inch diameter.
8)1. 8}( 9~ 8.0 .85
1.7
11.
1.7 1
.125
l -
CAST IRON SEPARATORS FOR
BETHLEHEM ::z: B EA M S.
l~ [] +~ D ~ 0
.-1-
I
I[ i
I I
~--&--->l
I
-"'- I[ I[
I
I~---s--'"I
I
I
r--S-->j
I
Sepamtors for 18 to 30 inch beams are s inch metal.

Sepamtors for 8 to 15 inch beams are ~ inch metal.
SEPARATORS W IT H TH RE E BOLTe.
DISIGIU.TION 01 BIAII. DISTANCES. BOLTS. WEIGHTS, IN POUNDS.
Oullo Cenler Widlh Cenler Sepa.ralors.

Bolls and Nuts.
Weighl Oulof to ef Length,
~C; for 1" and for 111
\0 Increase Bolts InereasA
Section Depth, per ~,.. Cenler Sena- Center,
of r&t~r, Inches. Inches.
Number. Inches. roo~
Baams, Baams, Inches.
PoUnds. Inches. Inches.
for !dditio~aJ
Width NW~;hr Addition.
5 C 5 o~~~".!s. 5 o~~:!s
- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- -
B30 30 120.0 21]( 11J4' 10]( 10 12]( 50.1 4.50 6.0 .375
B28 28 105.0 20jS lOjS 1O}S 7Y. 12 43.0 4.15 5.7 .375
B26 26 90.0 19j5 1O}S 9jS 7Y. 11Y. 39.3 3.85 5.5 .375
SEPARATORS WITH TWO B OLTS.
B24a
B24
24
24
84.0
73.0
19 I
9]( 9J4'
18jS 9jS 9J4'
12Y.
12Y.
11J4'
11
35.1
35.1
3.65
3.65
3.6
3.6
.25
.25
B20a 20 72.0 18}S 9~ 9 10 10]( 28.2 3.00 3.5 .25
B20 20 59.0 16jS 8jS 8J4' 10 10 26.1 3.00 3.4 .25
B18 18 48.5 15Y. 8 7jS 10 9J4' 22.1 2.70 3.2 .25
B15h . 15 71.0 15Y. 8 7Y. 7Y. 9Y. 13.1 1.65 3.2 .25
B15a 15 54.0 14Y. 7Y. 7 7Y. 9 12.3 1.65 3.1 .25
B15 15 38.0 14 7J4' 7 7Y. 8Y. 13.3 1.80 3.0 .25
B12a 12 36.0 13-h 6]( 6~ 5 8 9.1 1.30 2.8 .25
B12 12 28.5 12jS 6Y. 6>( 5 7]( 9.0 1.30 2.8 .25
SEPAR ATOR S W ITH ONE BOLT.
BlO
B9 1109 123.51 12~16J4'
20.0 11 5 Y. I
J4' 5]( 16 ~y.1
I 6]( 7.51 1.00
6.4 1.10 11.41
.125
1.3 .125
B8 8 17.5 IOU 5jS 5~ 5.5 .85 1.3 .125
All bolts % inch diameter.

I
W BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY .
DETAIL DIMENSIONS FOR
BET H L E HEM J: B E A M S.
Depth DIMENSIONS , IN INCHES. "'&Iimum

Soolion or W,ight Rivet
Number.
Boa per Poo~
m, Lba. F W I L K I
GAB C B l'
or 0,
- -
Inohes.
---- ---- -- -- ,- Inch.
B30 30 120.0 IO Yz it 26;-s- IH H 6Yz 5/-s- ft 1
B28 28 105.0 10 Yz 24H I tt it 6 5Yz /-s- 1
B26 26 90.0 9Yz H 23 l Yz H 5Yz 5ft r"-s- 1
B24a 24 84.0 9,!4 H 21 lYz 5,!4 5i~ r"-s- U
24. 83.0 9~ H 21ft IH H 5,!4 5Yz r"-s- U

B24
24 73.0 9 it 21h It! H 5,!4 5Ys ,!4 U
B20a
20 82.0 Sit it 17~ 1ft 5
20 72.0 8ft 17 ~ 1ft 5
20 69.0 8/. H 17Yz 1,!4 }-S 4Yz 5Yz r"-s-

B20 20 64.0 8-1. H- 17 Yz 1)( }-8 4J~ 5 r\ r"-s-
20 59.0 8 Ys 17Yz 1,!4 }-S 4Yz 5Ys ,!4
18 59.0 7H Yz 15 1~ rtr 4)( 5Yz ft

18 54.0 7H H 15 1 ~ l't- 4)( 5ft J4
B18
18 52.0 7/-s- Ys 15 1~ 1't- 4)( 5Ys )(
18 48.5 7Yz \ it 15 1~ lrr I 4)( 51't I)(
l\ETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. 95
DETAIL DIMENSIONS FOR
I - 1
It- "!-wi
;of,-
BET H L E HEM :I
"l-
1 W~
B E A M S.
~-1-----~
k--8 - " ---- ~ i<- O ~ .... +Yt6'
K !'-+--------L-------4'-'!K I I II
Deplh DIMENSIONS, IN INCHES lI!&rimum

Section of Weight Rivel
Nnmber. Beam per , ..~ or Boll,
lnehe~. Lb,. F W L K GAB C i nch.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -1-
B15b 15 71.0 7Y. it llJ( 1)8 H 4J4 5Y. 1"0 U
Bl5a
15 64.0 7-r". H 121~ Itt
15 54.0 7 H 121~ IH
15 46.0 6H I'. 12U 1-(. H 3J( 5-& 1.
B15 15 41.0 6H H 12U I ll- !~ 3J( 5t. J4
15 38.0 6H it 12U I T~ H 3J{ 5-r\ 1~~
B12
12 32.0 61\ it 1O-h H t. 3Y. 5t'ir ]4
12 28.5 6~ ]4 10-t~ i~ I\- 3Y. 5]4 f.
BIO 10 28.5 5H H 8Ys a Ys 3J4 5Ys J4

10 23.5 5H ]4 8Ys it Ys 3]4 5]4 f.
9 24.0 5f. H 7Y. J( Ys 3 5Ys ]4 J(

B9
9 20.0 5t.]4 7Y. J( Ys 3 5]4 13 J(
8 19.5 5it it 6)8 H 1. 2J( 5t'ir ]4

B8
8 17.5 5]4]4 6)8 H 1. 2J( 5]4 f.
DETAI L DIMENSIONS FOR

" "
I~~'!~
Deplh 'Weighl D I ME NSIONS, IN INCHES. llaximum

8ec\ion or 1 I, AiTel
Number. i:::~. pe~ba.OO F W L K G A B C o~~1,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --t---- - - - - -
G30 a 30 200.0 IS 3( 2SI"6" 2H 1 ~ 11 S3( -& 1

Gao 30 180.0 13 H 2SI"6" 2U 1 i~ 9 SH n 1
G28a 28 180.014H H 23Ys 21"6" 1 i~ 10)( SH T~ 1
G28 28 165.012Yz H 23Ys 21\ It\- 8Yz SH Ys 1
G26a 26 160.013H j3 21~ 2J\ 1~ 9Yz 5~ Ys 1
G26 26 150.0 12 ~ 21~ 2J\ 1~ 8 5~ Ys 1
G24a 24 140.013 H 20 2 H 9 S~ Ys 1
G24 24 120.012 H 20)( 1~ H 8 5Yz h 1
G20 a 20 140.0 12Yz H ISH 2/-1 1~ 8Yz S~ Ys 1
G20 20 112.0 12 if 116Ys 1H ~ 8 Si'1f l"6" 1
GI8 18 92.011Yz it 143( 1~ H 7Yz SYz l1f 1
GIS b IS 140.0113( it 1O~ 2n 1 /~ 73( Sf! -.1"6" 1
G1Sa IS 104.0 11)( H 11~ Itt H 7)( S~ Ys 1
GIS IS 73.0 lOYz ~ 12~ 1H H 6Yz Sn J.( 1
G12a 12 70.010 H 9 1Yz 3( 6 Sn h 1
G12 12 5S.0 93( Ys 9Yz 1)( H 6 5Ys J( 1
G10 10 44.0 9 ..h 73( 1~ H SYz SI"6" -h ~
G9 9 38.0 8Yz it 6~ 1~ H S)( Sh -h ~

G8. 8 32.5 8 it 6 1 -.1"6" S SI"6" /"6" ~
BET H LE HEM ST EE Leo M PANY. 97
TYPES OF H COLUMN DETAILS.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2
,
:,
:,
i
:1
~
m
Ii
II"
H II
"'I
11
SHOP BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

WITH BETHLEHEM WIDE FLANGE BEAMS USED FOR
COLUMNS AND CRANE GIRDERS.
"0
0,0
010
I
01 0
0 0
'
'\ 17
0 0
0 0
!2...r
II
"""II
II
Ll
NOTES ON THE STRENGTH AND

DEFLECTION OF BEAMS.
The general notation employed throughout is as follows:
a= area of section, in square inches.
L = length of span, in feet.
I = length of span, in inches.
W= load uniformly distributed, in Ibs.
P= load concentrated at any point, in Ibs.
d = depth of cross-section, in inches.
M= bending moment, in foot-Ibs.
m = bending moment, in inch-Ibs.
n= greatest distance of center of gravity of section
from top or from bottom, in inches.
f = stress, in I bs., per square inch in extreme fibers of
beam, either top or bottom, according as n refers
to distance from top or from bottom of section.
D= maximum deflection, in inches.
I= moment of inertia of section, neutral axis through
center of gravity.
I" = moment of inertia of section, neutral axis parallel
to above, but not through center of gravity.
z= distance between these neutral axes.
S = section modulus.
R= least moment of resistance of section, in inch-Ibs.
r = radius of gyration, in inches.
C= coefficient of transverse strength, in lbs.
E = modulus of elasticity (29,000,000 for steel).
For a beam of any cross-section the relations existing
between tne properties of the section are as follows:
I"=I+az. r=~!. S=,}.

I 2
R = nf=fS. C = 3fS.
The moment of resistance of the internal stresses of the
beam resisting flexure must be equal to the moment of the
external forces which act on the beam producing bending.
The moment of resistance of a section is usually expressed
in inch-Ibs., in which case the bending moment must be
expressed also in inch-Ibs.
100 BET H L E HEM S TEE Leo )[ PAN Y.
The relations existing between bending moment, moment

of resistance, section modulus and stress per square inch
are expressed thus:
m=R.
m=/S.
When the bending moment is in foot-lbs., the following
relations are useful:
C=8M. C
M=S'
If W is a uniformly distributed load in lbs., and the span,
L, is taken in feet, then:
C=WL.
The last two formulas are convenient. To find the safe
uniformly distributed load in lbs. for any section, it is only
necessary to divide its coefficient of strength by the span in
feet. If the uniformly distributed load in lbs. is given, mul-
tiply it by the span in feet and the result is the coefficient of
strength required by the section.
On the next page formulils are given for finding bending
moments. safe loads and deflections for beams loaded and
supported in usual ways. Bending moments will be in foot-
lbs. or inchlbs. according as the lengths are taken in feet or
inches. To obtain deflection in inches the lengths must be
taken in inches.
For illustration, take a center load of 30,000 lbs. on a
span of 20 feet:
M = ~O,OOO X 20 = 150 000 foot-lbs.
4 '
C = 8M = 8 X 150,000 = 1,200,000.
The nearest beam is a 20" Bethlehem I beam, weigh-
ing 59 lbs. per foot, which has a coeffident of 1,250,300.
If the ber.ding moment had been taken in inch-lbs., then
m .= 30.00~ X 240 = 1,800,000 inch-lbs.

1n
S= 7= 1,800,000 -+- 16,000 = 112.5
The beam selected by the first method has a section
modulus of 117.2, which is the nearest to that required.
Both methods of calculation give identical resulls.
BET H L E HEM S TEE Leo M PAN Y. 101
BENDING MOMENTS AND DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS

FOR USUAL METHODS OF LOADING.
P or W - total load I - moment of inertia

l - length of beam E - modulus of el!lsliclty
(t.) Beam filed &1 one end and loaded &1 the (2.) Beam fixed &1 one end and uniformly 1O&d6il.
Inn---- ------1
other.
tn
.
I IIIIIIIIIIII!!!IIIIIIIWIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!!!!
-------r------ ----->:
Safe load - X !hltt given In tables.
Safe load - % that given in tables. Maximum bcnU'lg moment at point
Maximum bending moment at point
of support - Pl. of sl1pport _ 2 '
Maximum shear at point of support Maximum shea~ at point of support
-Po - W.
Pl' WI'
Deflection - liE!' Deflection - ilEl
(3.) Beam supportod'i boa 6nds, single load in (4.) Be&m supported al both ends and uniformly
the miaille. loaded.
t.--- --- ---l----------~
'1III!II!!I!1I1!!1!11!1$!1!1!1!1I!11I!1!1!1!11~
I C5
Safe load - Yo that given In tables.
I ~ --------l-------- I
SRrC lond - thnt given in tnbles
Maximum bending moment at mid- Maximum bending momcnt at mid-
dle of beam - Pi . die of beam _ ';1.
Mulmum shear at points of support Maximum shear at points of support
-Yop. -Yo W.
PP 5WP
Deflection - iBEx' DcBection - 384lfr'
(5.) Beam supllOrled ,I both ends, single unsym- (6.) Beam supported al both ends, Iwo symme\-
metrici.lload. ricol loads.
~
-'lr-----a------I"
I ---G5-- l -------- ~
Safe load - that given in tables X

t
Siib ' Safe load - that given In tables X
Maximnm bending moment uuder l
4B'
load-~. Maximum bending moment between
Maximum shears: at support, a end loads _ Yo Pn.
_~; at other support -. Maximum sbear between load and

nearcr support - Yo P.
Max. DefI 00. -
Pab(21-a) J !a(2l-a). Max. Deflection - ~ (3L'-4D.')'
9EIr""
DEFLECTION
OF STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS UNDER
TRANSVERSE LOADS.
Using the notation given on page 99, the deflection, in
inches, of a steel beam or other section under a uniformly
distributed load of W, in lbs., is found from the formula,
D- 5 WI8 _ 5 W(12L)3
- 984 ET- 984 EI
Wnen W is the safe uniformly distributed load corre-
sponding to a coefficient of strength C, the following relations
exist between Wand C and the properties of the shape:
C I
W=Z' and C=%/S=%/n"
Substituting these values in the above formula, then,
D=15/L2
nE
When the fiber stress is 16,000 Ibs. per square inch and
the modulus of elasticity of steel taken as 29,000,000, then
the deflection, in inches, is given by the formula:
D= O.01655L2.
211
In the case of a beam, girder or other section symmetrical
about its neutral axis, en equals the depth of the beam. The
deflection, in inches, of such a section under its safe
uniformly distributed load which produces a fiber stress of
16,000Ibs. per square inch is given by the simple formula,
0.01655L 2 1 L 2
D d ' or very nearly = 60 d
The table on the opposite page gives the value of the
expression O.01655L 2 for spans from 1 foot to 60 feet.
The safe loads and corresponding deflections for other
usual cases of loading, as compared with the safe uniformly
distributed loads given in the tables, are as follows:
Beam supported at both ends and loaded with a single
load concentrated at center of span. Safe load = ~ tabular
load. Deflection = 10.
Cantilever beam, fixed at one end and unsupported at the
other, uniformly loaded. Safe load=)( tabular load. Deflec-
tion=2n
Cantilever beam, fixed at one end and unsupported at the
ether, single load concentrated at free end. Safe load = ~
tabular load. Deflection = 3fu.
BETflLEHE"ll STEEL COMPANY. 103
DEFLECTION COEFFICIENTS
FOR UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS.
FIBER STRESS . 16.000 LBS. PER SQUARE INCH.
Lo~h Lo~rh Lo~r nefteotion Le~rh neAeotlon

Defteeiion neftection
Sr..t Coefficient.
Sr..t Coefficient.
I Sl~t Coefficient.
Sl~t Coefficienl.
r - - --
I .0166 16 4.2372 31 15.9062 46 35.023!
2 .0662 17 4.7834 32 16.9490 47 36.5628
3 .1490 18 5.3628 33 18.0248 48 38.1352
4 .2648 19 5.9752 34 19. 1238 49 39.7407
5 .41 38 20 6.6207 35 20.2759 50 41.3793
6 .5959 21 7.2993 36 21.4510 51 4::1.0510
7 .8110 22 8.0110 37 22.6593 52 44.7559
8 1.0593 23 8.7559 38 23.9007 53 46.4938
9 1.3407 24 9.5338 39 25.1752 54 48.2648
10 1.6552 25 10.3448 40 26.4828 55 50.0690
11 2.0028 26 11.1890 41 27.H234 56 51.9062
12 2.3834 27 12.0662 42 291972 57 53.7766
13 2.7972 28 12.9766 43 30. 6041 58 55.6800
14 3.2441 29 13.9200 44 32.0441 59 57.6166
15 3.7241 30 14.8966 45 33.5172 60 59.5862
These coefficients furnish a convenient means of finding
the defleclion of steel sections under their uniformly distrib-
uted safe loads for a maximum fiber stress of 16,000 lbs. per
square inch.
To find the deflection of a steel beam, girder or other
section which is symmetrical about its neutral axis, under
the above condition of loading, divide the deflection coeffi-
cient found in the above table for the given span by the
depth of the beam in inches. The quotient will be the
deflection in inches.
To find the deflection of an angle or other section which
is not symmetrical about its neutral axis under the above
condition of loading, divide the deflection coefficient in the
table for the given span by twice the greatest distance, in
inches, of the neutral axis from the outside fiber in the
direction of bending.
Under uniformly distributed loading corresponding to
other intens ties of stress the deflection can be found by
simple proportion. Thus, for a uniformly distributed load
producing a fibe r stress of 12,000 Ibs. per square inch the
deflection will be H-8~~ or of that found by the use of
the above coefficients.
iO! BET H L E HEM S TEE Leo M PAN Y.
SPACING OF TIE RODS.

Tie rods are used in fire proof floors to resist the thrust
of the floor arches and to hold the steel beams in position
laterally. Rods of inch diameter are generally employed
for this purpose. They should be placed as near as possible
in the line of thrust of the arch, usually 3 inches above the
bottom of the beams.
The proper spacing of tie rods is determined by two
considerations. The stress on the net area of the rod pro-
duced by the thrust of the arch must not exceed 1.j,000 Ibs.
per square inch. Also the lateral stress produced in the
beams or channels by the thrust of the arches must not be
excessive.
The spacing required to satisfy the first of these require-
ments is found in the following manner:
Let t = thrust of arch, in Ibs. per lineal foot.
l' = rise of arch, in inches.
I = distance bt.'tween beams, or span of arch, in feet.
w=load per square foot, in Ibs.
a = net area of tie rod, in square inches.
d = distance between tie rods, in feet.
Then, t_ 3wl ' (1)', and d_ 10 ,oooar (2)
- 2r' - wi 2 '
The net areas, in square inches, of the usual sizes of tie
rods are as follows:
Diameter of rod- ti" " Ys" 1"
Net area, a = 0.20 0.30 0.42 0.55
For X inch rods, the size generally used, and for a total
load of 1501bs. per square foot the spacing given by formula
(2) becomes d =20r+/2.
The effective rise of flat tile arches may be assumed as
2 inches less than the depth of the arch.
The maximum spacing, in feet, of 7.( inch tie rods for a
total load of 150 Ibs. per square foot, producing a stress of
15,000 Ibs. per square inch in net area of rods is given in
the following table:
MAXIMUM SPACING. IN FEET, OF%" TIE RODS
FOR A TOTAL LOAD OF 150 LBS. PER SQUARE FOOT.
Shn of EFFECTIVlil RISB OF !RCIL

F.~t 3'" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10"
r--.-- - - - - - - - - - - -
4 . 3.7 5.0 6.2 7.5 8.7 10.0 11.2 12.5
5 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.0
6 2.2 2.8 3.3 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.5
7 2.0 2.4 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1
8 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1
BETHLEIIEM STEEL COMPANY. 105
It may be necessary to decrease the distance between tie

rods given in the preceding table or found from formula (2),
in order to satisfy the second requirement that the lateral
stress in the beams or channels produced by the thrust of the
arches may not be excessive.
Let P = moment of inertia of beam or channel, side-
ways.
b = width of flange of beam or channel, in inches.
x = distance, in inches, of neutral axis from back
of channel.
/ = fiber stress produced by thrust of arch, in
lbs., per square inch.
The beams or channels may be considered as continuous,
in which case the stress produced by flexure and the corre-
sponding spacing of rods are given by the following formulas :
td 2 b
For Beams, /-21 1 ' (3); and d=
~2/II
t b ' (4)
For Channels, /
td 2 (b-x)
I" _I fI'
(5); and d_'Jl(b-x)' (6)
Where the thrusts of adjacent arches are opposed to each
other, as in the interior beams of a floor, the thrust t in these
formulas may be taken only for the live loads. The sum of
the stresses produced by lateral thrust and vertical loading
Ehould not exceed 20,000 lbs. per square inch. As the vertical
loading in building construction is usually allowed to pro-
duce a fiber stress of 16,000 lbs. per square inch, the lateral
stress must therefore be limited to 4000 lbs. per square inch.
In such case the fiber stress,/, in formula (4) is to be taken
as 4000.
For exterior arches aiong walls, or around openings, the
thrust t must be taken for the full live and dead load.
Channels will be found to require a greater number of tie
rods than interior beams, and it may be advisable in some
instances to use a beam for a skewback instead of a channel.
If formulas (4) and (6) give a greater distance between
rods than is obtained by the use of formula (2), the value
given by the latter is to be used, as the stress on the tie rod
itself must not exceed its-safe limit.
Beams must be held laterally at intervals not greater than
twenty times the width of their flanges, otherwise their safe
loads as given the tables must be reduced in the proportion
'---_ _---Jj
given in the table at the bottom of page 5G.
lOG BET H L E HEM R TEE Leo M PAN Y.
BEARING PLATES.
Steel bearing plates are used under the ends of steel
bealT,s resting on walls to distribute the pressure on the latter.
The plate must be of a sufficient size so that the allowable
safe pressure on the wall will not be exceeded.
For good brickwork laid in cement mortar, capable of
sustaining a safe pressure of 200 lbs. per square mch, the
table be!ow gives standard sizes of bearing plates which will
suffice in general on ordinary spans for I beams up to 24
inches in depth.
STANDAR D BEARING PLATES FOR J: BEAMS .
Depth of
Beam,
B..riJi
Wa
on SIZE 01 BE1RIIIG PUTES. Safe kd
Ilaaetion a1200 Weight of
Inches. Inebes. Length, Width, Thickn.... Lhe. p6r Sq. 1n.. B;:lalo,
Inches. Inches. Inches. Tons.
- --
24 16 16 16 ~ 25.6 64
20 16 16 15 ~ 24.0 60
18 16 16 14 1B 22.4 56
15 12 12 14 ~ 16.8 42
12 12 12 12 ~ 14.4 31
10 I 10 10 10 ~ 10.0 18
9 8 8 9 Yo 7. 2 11
8 8 8 8 Yo 6.4 9
7 8 8 8 Yo 6.4 9
6 6 6 6 Yo 3.6 5
and less
Larger I beams, girder beams and girders will require

plates of increased size. In such special cases the size of
the bearing plate must be determined by the area required to
distribute the pressure and its thickness then obtained by the
following formula:
t= Yo (W-b)~7'
in which,
t = thickness of plate, in inches.
w = width of plate perpendicular to beam, in inches.
b = width of flange of beam, in inches.
p=allowable pressure on wall, in lbs. per square inch.
f = allowable fiber stress in plate, in lbs. per square inch.
For an allowable stress of 16,000 lbs. per square inch the
thickness of the plate required can be obtained for various
pressures by multiplying ~ (w-b), or the cantilever pro-
jection of the plate, by the following coefficients :
Pressure, lbs. sq. in., 100 150 200 350 500
Coefficient....... ... ... .. 0.137 0.168 0.194 0.256 0.306
BEARING VALUES OF' PLATES,

8iJe llLOW.1JlLE PRESSURE PER SQUill Size llLOW.1JlLE PRESSURE PER SQUill
of DICK. of DICK.
Plate, Plate,
Inches. 100 150 1 200 350 500 Inohes. 100 150 2001350 500
Lbs. ~ Lb Lbs. Lbs. Lb. Lb Lb.. Lb Lbo.
r--- - --
6x 6 1.8 2.7 3.6 6.3 9.0 14x14 9.8 14.7 19.6 34.3 49.0
6x 8 2.4 3.6 4.8 8.4 12.0 14x16 11.2 16.8 22.4 39.2 56.0
6xlO 3.0 4.5 6.0 10.5 15.0 14x18 12.6 18.9 25.2 44.1 63.0
8x 8 3.2 4.8 . 6.4 11.2 16.0 16x16 12.8 19.2 25.6 44.8 64.0
8x10 4.0 6.0 8.0 14.0 20.0 16x18 14.4 21.6 28.8 50.4 72.0
8x12 4.8 7.2 9.6 16.8 24.0 16x20 16.0 24.0 32.0 56.0 80.0
10xlO 5.0 7.5 10.0 17.5 25.0 18x18 16.2 24.3 32.4 56.7 81.0
10x12 6.0 9.0 12.0 21.0 30.0 18x20 18.0 27.0 36.0 63.0 90.0
10x14 7.0 10.5 14.0 24.5 35.0 18x22 19.8 29.7 39.6 69.3 99.0
12x12 7.2 10.8 14.4 25.2 36.0 20x20 20.0 30.0 40.0 70.0 100.0
12x14 8.4 12.6 16.8 29.4 42.0 20x22 22.0 33.0 44.0 77.0 110.0
l2x16 9.6 14.4 119 .2 33.6 48.0 20x24 24.0 36.0 48.0 84.0 120.0
The pressure on masonry of different kinds should not

exceed the following values, in lbs. per square inch:
lind of Masonry. PreSS'II6, Lb . per Sq. In.
Brickwork in lime mortar, ............................. 100
Brickwork in cement and lime mortar, ........... 150
Brickwork in Portland cement mortar, ............ 200
Portland cement concrete, ............................ .350
Sandstone of good quality, .......................... .400
Bluestone and limestone, ............................. 500
Granite, ... .................. ... .... .......................... 600
Frequently a template of bluestone, or other hard quality
of stone, is used instead of a steel bearing plate. \Vhere
the load to be supported is considerable, as at the ends of
girders, both steel bearing plates and stone templates should
be used; in which case the size of the bearing plate is deter-
mined by the allowable pressure on the stone template
according to the safe pressure given above for the kind of
stone used. The size of the stone template must also be
sufficient to limit the pressure on the brickwork to the safe
allowable value as given above for the quality of masonry
used. The stone should not project beyond the steel bearing
plate in any direction more than t.( of the thickness of the
stone.
lOS BETIILEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
GRILLAGE BEAMS IN FOUNDATIONS.
~--------L--------~
Grillages of steel beams imbedded in concrete are used

in column footings to distribute the load over the desired
area on yielding soil, thereby avoiding large masses of
masonry and deep excavations. The beams should not be
less than 3 inches apart in the clear between flange so that
the space between beams can be thoroughly filled with con-
crete. Separators should be used to keep the beams ~rop
erly spaced.
The load supported by each beam in a layer equals the
total load on the foundation divided by the number of beams
in the layer. Loading is uniformly distributed over the
length on which it is applied and the beam is uniformly sup-
ported from below over its entire length. Maximum bending
occurs at c, the center of length of the beam.
W=load supported by each beam, in lbs.
L = length of beam, In feet.
N = length, in feet, on which load is applied.
C = coefficient of strength for the beam.
Maximum bending moment, in foot-Ibs. = ~ W( L-N).
This formula for bending moment is the same as that for a
simple beam of the length (L-N) supporting a uniformly dis
tributed load of W. By using the length (L-N) as the span
the size or safe load of grillage beams may be obtained
directly from the tables of safe loads for I beams and girder
beams. If (L-N) is less than the spans given in these tables
the size or safe load must be obtained by means of the coef-
ficient of strength or section modulus. When W is in pounds
and Land N are in feet, the safe load on a given grillage
beam is found by the formula,
- C .
W -L-N' (1)
and the coefficient of strength required by a beam for a

given loading from the formula,
C= W(L-N). (2)
BET I[ L E IT E?If S TEE Leo ?If PAN Y . 109
The greatest safe load may be limited b\, the safe shear-
ing or Crippling strength of the web which should be investi-
gated. The shear due to the load W is a maximum at the
point a under the outer edge of the superimposed load, and
is found as follows:
V, = maximum shear due to the load W.
V = greatest saf~ allowable shear on web of beam.
_ W(L-N)
V, - L .
The shear V, must not exceed V, the safe shearing
strength of the web. If the beams are thoroughly imbedded
in concrete and the webs prevented from buckling,
V = 1ft.OOOdt=safe allowable shear, inlbs.
But if the webs are not supported against buckling,
V- 1ft,OOOd! {safe crippling strength
- h2 of web, in Ibs.
+
1 9000t"
where d = depth of beam, t = thickness of web and h =
clear distance between flanges, all in inches. The last
formula is that for the safe crippling streng th of webs and
values for it are given for Bethlehem beam and girder sections
in the table on page 67.
When shearing strength of the web is considered. the
maximum load on a given grillage beam is
L
W=V _ ; (3)
L N
and the safe shearIng strength required by the web of a beam
for a given loading is
V= ~ LLN . (4)
To find the safe load on a given beam use formulas (1) and
(3) and take the lesser of the two values. When formula (3)
g-ives the smaller value the safe load is limited by the shear-
ing strength of the web.
To select a grillage beam for a given loading find the
coefficient of strength required by formula (2) and the safe
shearing- strength of web required by formula (4). The
proper beam must then be selected to satisfy both require-
ments
I t will be found that Bethlehem girder beams are desirable
and economical for use as grillage beams.
SHEARING AND BEARING VALUE OF RIVETS.

Diameter !rea in Single B..ring Values, in Pounds, for Differenl Thickness of
Pial<> in Inches al 15,000 Lbs. per Square Inch.
N'I
of ~.iTe~ Square 'lhe&r al
Inches.
Ys
Inches.
.1104
7500 Lbs.
--s3O l4IU
~/
1760
W' I -i-/ ' ~"
2110 ............ .............
~
~
.1963
.3068
1470
2300
]880
2340
2340
2930
I 2810
3520
3280
4100
3750
4690
t.( .4418 3310 2810 3520 4220 4920 5630
YB .6013 4510 3280 4100 4920 5740 6560
1 .7854 5890 37;)0 I 4690 I 56:.!0 6560 I
7500
.I
Diameter !rea in Single B..ring Valoes, in Pounds, for Dill'erenl Thiokness of
of Rive~ Square She&r at - Plate in Inches al 18,000 Lbs. per Square loeh.
Inches. Inches. 9000 Lbs.
~" T -r; " -i-r;" ~"
Ys"
Ys .110 990 1680 2110 2530
~ .196 1770 2250 2820 3370 3940 4500
;S .307 2760 2790 3480 4180 4870 5580
t.( .442
.601
3970
5410
33iO
3940
4210
4920
5050
5910
I 5910
6880
6750
7870
YB
1 .785 7060 4500 I 5620 I 6750 7870 I 9000
DiAmeler !rea in Singl. B..ring Values, in Poun~ for Dift'erenl Thickness of
Square She&r &I Plate in loeh.s at 20, 0 Lbs. p.r Square Inch.
of Ri'J~
Ineh.s.
Ys
Inches.
.1104
10,000 Lbs.
1100
J"
1880
l-r;"
2340
I28TO
Ys" ;"" ~"
~ .1963 1960 2500 3130 3750 4380 5,000

;S .3068 3070 3130 3910 4690 5470 6.250
t.( .4418 4420 3750 4690 5630 6560 7,500
~ .6013 6010 4380 5470 6570 7660 8,750
1 .7854 7850 5000 I 6250 I i500 8750 I 10,000
Be&ring Values, in Pounds, for Differ.nl Thiekn.ss of
DiAm.l<>r !rea in Single Plato in Inches al 22,000 Lb per Square Inch.
ofRiv.~
Inches.
Ys
Square
Inches.
.1104
Shear al
11.000 Lb
1210
J" !f/' Ys" Nt
2u60 2580~ ............
I
}4." I
Yo .]963 2160 2750 3440 4130 4820 5,500
;S .3068 3370 344() 4300 5160 6020 6.880
t.( .4418 4860 4130 5160 6190 7220 I
8250
.6013 6510 4810 6020 7220 8430 9,630
1
YB
.7854 8640 5500 I
6880 I 8250 9630 11,000 j
B~nring vnlues give!. above or to the right of the upper zigzag lines are
r enter thnn doul>le shenr. BeHring \,Rlues given between tbe upper nnd
ower zigzag lines are less tban doubie sbear and greater than single shear.
~
SHEARING AND BEARING VALUE OF RIVETS.

Bearing Values, in Pounds, for Durerent Thickness of Plate in Inche,
at 15,000 Lbs. per Square Inch.
I Dia.meter
of Riye~
Inche..
lo" foB" ti" 7.(" ti" ~" ti" 1"
I--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
3'Lg~
.... ?... ......... ......... ....... . ......... ......... ............ ......... .... 7~
~
5280 5860 ............................................................ j8
I 6330 ~ 7,720 8,440 ........................................... U
7380 18200 9,030 9.850 10,670 11,480 12,300 ............ YB
8440 9380 110,310111,250 12,190 13,1.:10 14,060 15000 1
Bearing Values, in Pounds, for Dill'erent Thickness of Plate in Inche, Diameter
at 18,000 Lbs. per Square Inch. of Riye~
Inches.
/ f;" ~" tl" Uti ti" 11" -li" 1"
~ -...-..-..-.. -.. -...-..-. -.. -...-..-. -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -.. -...-..-..-... -.. -...-..-..-... --Ys"'-s-t
~
I 6,330 7,030 .......................................................... .. ~
7,590 ,~ 9,280 10,130 ........................................ . U
8,8601 9,840 10.830 11,810 12,800 13,780 14,770 ............. YB
10,120 11,250112,370113,500 14,630 15,750 16,880 18,000 1
Bearing Value.. in Pounds, for Durerent Thickness of Plate in Inches Diameter
at 20,000 Lbs. per Square Inch. of Riyet,
Inch,..
..(-r;" 78" tt" 7(" tl" ~" ti" I"
~ -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -.. -...-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -...-..-..-.. -... -.. -...-..-..-... --Ys"'-g,---l
. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
~
I 7,030 7,810 ........................................................ .. j8
8,440 9.380 10,310 11,250 ........................................ .. X
9,8401~ 12,030 ]3.130 14,220 15,310 16,410 . ; ...... .. YB
11,250 12.500113,750115,000 16,250 17,500 18,750 20,000 1
Bearing Values, in Pounds, for Durer,nl Thickness of Plate in Inche. Dia.me\,r
at 22,000 Lb,. per Square Inch. of !tiyel,
..f-g" 78" ta" ~" tt" Ys" tt" 1" Inches.
~==========~==
......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .... ... ... ............ ~
~
7,740 8,600 ......... ......... .................................... .. j8
[ 9,280~ 11,340 12,380 ............................. .......... .. U
10,840112,040 13,240 14,440 15,640 16,840 18,050 ............ YB
12,380 13,75011,),130116,500 17,880 19,250 20,630 22,000 1
Bearing "alues given below or to the left of the lower zigzag lines are
less than smgle shear.
112 BE 'f HLEHEM STEEL COMPANY.
WEIGHT OF 100 STEEL RIVETS
OR ROUND HEAD BOLTS WITHOUT NUTS.
POUNDS.
~ MIn.
am. fir!: ~ r~ ~In.
wn.
lin.
Diam. ~n. 1fi~
- -- - - - - - - - - ----
1}.( 5.5 12.8 22.0 29.3 43.9 66.6 93.3 1?:l.0
1~ 6.3 14.2 24.1 32.4 4!:!.2 72.1 100.0 136.0
1U' 7.0 15.5 26.3 35.5 52.5 77.7 10i.0 145.0
2 7.9 16.9 28.5 3!:!.7 56.7 83.3 114.0 153.0
2,1( 8.7 18.3 30.7 41.8 61.0 88.8 121.0 162.0
2~ 9.4 19. i 328 44.9 65.2 94.4 128.0 171.0
2U' 10.2 21.1 35.0 48.0 69.5 100.0 136.0 179.0
3 11.0 22.5 37.2 51.1 73.7 105.0 143.0 188.0
3,1( 11.7 23.9 39.3 54.3 78.0 111.0 150.0 197.0
3~ 12.6 25.3 41.5 57.4 82.3 116.0 157.0 205.0
3U' 13.4 26.7 43.7 60.5 86.5 122.0 164.0 214.0
4 14.1 28.1 45.9 63.6 90.8 128.0 170.0 223.0
4,1( 14.9 29.4 48.0 66.7 95.0 1340 177.0 231.0
4~ 15.7 30.8 50.2 69.9 993 139.0 185.0 240.0
4U' 16.5 32.2 52.4 73.0 104.0 145.0 192.0 249.0
5 17.2 33.6 54.5 76.1 108.0 150.0 199.0 258.0
5,1( 18.1 35.0 56.7 79.2 112.0 156.0 206.0 266.0
5~ 18.8 36.4 58.9 82.3 116.0 161.0 213.0 275.0
oj( 19.6 37.8 61.1 85.5 120.0 166.0 220.0 284.0
6 20.4 39.2 63.2 88.6 124.0 172.0 227.0 292.0
6~ 219 42.0 67.6 95.1 133.0 184.0 2410 310.0
7 23.5 44.7 71.9 101.0 142.0 195.0 255.0 327.0
7~ 25.1 47.5 76.1 10 .0 IM.O 206.0 2690 345.0
8 26.6 50.3 80.6 114.0 159.0 217.0 284.0 362.0
8~ 28.2 53.1 85.0 120.0 167.0 227.0 2f!:!.0 379.0
9 29.8 55.9 89.3 126.0 1i6.0 239.0 312.0 397.0
9~ 31.3 58.7 93.7 133.0 185.0 2500 325.0 4H.O
10 32.8 61.4 98.0 139.0 193.0 261.0 340.0 431.0
10~ 34.5 64.2 10~.0 145.0 202.0 272.0 354.0 449.0
11 36.0 67.0 107.0 151.0 210.0 284.0 368.0 406.0
1l~ 37.6 698 111.0 158.0 218.0 295 .0 382.0 484.0
12 39 .2 72.5 115.0 164.0 227.0 30G.0 396.0 501.0
100 1.8 5.8 11.1 13.6 22.6 39.0 58.0 83.5
neads.
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY. ]]3
WEIGHT, IN POUNDS, OF 100 BOLTS

. WITH SQUARE HEADS AND NUTS.
I;:le~
,::t:;, ".. ",. -".. "..

1Yz
I
4.0
4.4
7.0 10.5 15.2
7.5 11.3 16.3
""I""
Dlameter of BoIts.
22.5 ' 39.5

'I %--
- --
63.0
23.8 41.6
66.0
In. Ya In. - 1 In.
2 4.8 8.0 12.0 17.4 25.2 43.8

69.0 109.0 163
2;( 5.2 8.5 12.8 18.5 26.5 45.8
72.0 113.3 lti9
2Yz 5.5 9.0 13.5 19.6 27.8 48.0
75.0 117 .5 174
2 5.8 9.5 14.3 20.7 29.1 50.1
78.0 121.8 180
3 6.3 10.0 15.0 21..8 30.5 52.3
81.0 126.0 185
3Yz 7.0 11.0 16.5 24.0 33.1 56.5
87.0 134.3 196
4 7.8 12.0 18.0 26.2 35.8 60.8
93.1 142.5 207
4Yz 8.5 13.0 19.5 28.4 38.4 65.0
99.1 151.0 218
5 9.3 14.0 21.0 30.6 41.1 69.3
105.2 159.6 2~9
5Yz 10.0 15.0 22.5 32.8 43.7 73.5
111.3 168.0 240
6 10.8 16.0 24.0 35.0 46.4 77.8
117.3 176.6 251
6~ ........ . ......... 25.5 37.2 49.0 82.0
123.4 185.0 262
7 ................ 27 .0 39.4 51.7 86.3
129.4 1937 273
7 Yz ......... ......... 28.5 41.6 54.3 90.5
135.0 202.0 284
8 ........ . ......... 30.0 43.8 59.6 94.8
141.1' 210.7 295
9 ................ .. ......... 48.2 64.9 103.3
153.6 227.8 317 ,.
10 ........................... 52.6 70.2 t 111.8
165.7 244.8 339
11 .......................... 57.0 75.5 120.3
177.8 261.9 360
12 ......... .. ..... .. ......... 61.4 80.8 128.8
189.9 278.9 382
14 ....... ......... ......... ......... 91.4,145.8
214.1 313.0 426
16 ....... ....... . 102.0 162.8
238.3 347.1 470
18 ................................... 112.6 179.5
262.6 381.2 514
20 ,......... .... ... ........... . ......... 123.2_~ 286.8 415.3 558
=l.4I2.1I3.14.2/5.5J~-1i3 16.7 I~
WEIGHTS Of' NUTS AND BOLT HEADS IN POUNDS .
Diameter of Boll in Inches. X In. -h In. % In. X In. % In. % In. Ya In.
1 - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -
WNi~r~ngf H!!.7tx ~~~~ .021 .036 .064 .13 .26 .40 .68
w}J~~~n<t H~~n.~.~.~ .024 .042 .070 .15 .29 .47 .77
1- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -
Diameter of Bolt in Inches. 1 Tn. IX In. IX In. 1% In. 2 In. 2'y' In. 3 In.
1- - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - -- -
wNi~~~ngf H!!.7tx~~~~" 1.01 2.10 4.26 6.89 9.24 17.3 27.2
W}J~~~ngf H~~~.~.:.~ 1.19 2.39 5.01 8.41 12.93 21.4 133.5
t.....--~~~ ~
REDUCTION OF AREA.
IN SQUARE INCHES, FOR ONE RIVET HOLE.
To be deducted from gross area of plates or shapes to obtain oet area.
DI!IlmR OP ROLE.
ThiCknOSSI
o! lIel&~
Inches. ]411 Ii' Jill H"
-- -- --
j(" H" Jill H" 1" lIV 13i"
l~ .03 .04 .04 .04 .05 .05 .05 .06 .06 .07 .07
3i .06 .07 .OS .09 .09 .10 .11 .12 .13 .13 .14
)(H
.09 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 .18 .19 .20 .21
'<I- .13 .14 .16 .17 .19 .20 .22 .23 .25 .27 .28
h .16 .18 .20 .21 .23 .25 .27 .29 .31 .33 .35
Ys .19 .21 .23 .26 .28 .30 .33 .35 .38 .40 .42
.22 .25 .27 .30 .33 .38 .41 .44 .46
~-h
.36 .49
.25 .28 .31 .34 .38 .41 .44 .47 .50 .53 .56
.28 .32 .35 .39 .42 .49 .53 .56 .60
~/-,; .31 .35 .39 .43 .47
.46
.51 .55 .59 .63 .66
.63
.70
H .34 .39 .43 .47 .52 .56 .60 .64 .69 .73 .77
j( .38 .42 .47 .52 .56 .61 .66 .70 .75 .80 .84
H .41 .46 '.51 .56 .61 .66 .71 .76 .81 .86 .91
Ji .44 .49 .55 .60 .66 .71 .77 .82 .88 .93 .98
.47 .53 .59 .64 .70 .76 .82 .88 .94 1.00 1.05
IH .50 .56 .63 .69 .75 .81 .88 .94 1.00 1.06 1.13
1-?\r .53 .60 .66 .73 .80 .86 .93 1.00 1.06 1.13 1.20
13i .56 .63 .70 .77 ' .84 .91 .98 1.05 1.13 1.20 1.27
.59 .67 .74 .82 .89 .96 1.04 1.11 1.19 1.26 1.34
lJi
I' .63 .70 .78 .86 .94 1.0:.1 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.33 1.41
.66 .74 .82 .90 .98 1.07 1.15 1.23 1.31 1.39 1.48
}~ .69 .77 .86 .95 1.03 1.12 1.20 1.29 1.38 1.46 1.55
In .72
.75
.81
.84
.90 .99 1.08 117 1.26
.94 1.03 1.13 1.22 1.31
1.35
1.41
1.44
1.50
1.53
1.59
1.62
1.69
1~
1/-,; .78 .88 .98 1.07 1.17 1.27 1.37 1.46 1.56 1.66 1.76
1~ .81 .91 1.02 1.12 122 1:62 1.42 1.52 1.63 1.73 1.83
IH .84 .9.5 1.05 1.16 127 1.37 1.47 1.58 1.69 1.79 1.90
lj( .88 .98 1.09 1.20 1.31 1.42 1.53 1.64 1.75 1.86 1.97
lU
}Z
.91
.94
1.02
1.05
1.13
1.17
1.25
1.29
1.36
1.41
1.47
1.52
1.59
1.64
1.70
1.76
1.81
1.88
1.93
1.99
2.04
2.11
IH .97 1.09 1.21 1.33 1.45 1.57 1.70 1.82 1.94 2.06 2.18
2 1.00 1.13 1.25 1.38 1.50 1.63 1.75 1.88 2.00 2.13 2.25
When holes Bre punched tbe diameter of the hole should be taken 7iI
Inch greater tban tbe dl .. meter of the rivet or bolt.
For drilled holes the diameter may be taken only loch greater n
then the diameter of' thc rivet or b "lt.
DECIMALS OF' AN INCH

FOR EACH t iTH.
n<Is. -fiths. Deaim&I. Fraotion. nds. i ..ths. Deaim&I. lBcIion.

I--
1 .0115625 33 .515625
1 2 .03125 17 34 .53125
3 .046875 35 .546875
2 4 .0625 116 18 36 .5625 9-16
5 .078125 37 .578125
3 6 .09375 19 38 .59375
7 .109375 39 .609375
4 8 .125 18 20 40 .625 5-8
9 .140625 . 41 .640625
5 10 .15625 21 42 .65625
11 .171875 43 .671875
6 12 .1875 316 22 44 .6875 11-16
13 .203125 45 .703125
7 14 .21875 23 46 .71875
15 .234375 47 .734375
8 16 .25 14 24 48 .75 3-4
17 .265625 49 .765625
9 18 .28125 25 50 .78125
19 .296875 51 .796875
10 20 .3125 516 26 52 .8125 1316
21 .328125 53 .828125
11 22 .34375 27 54 .84375
23 .359375 55 .859375
12 24 .375 3-8 28 56 .875 7-8
25 .390625 57 .890625
13 26 .40625 29 58 .90625
27 .421875 59 .921875
14 28 .4375 7-16 30 60 .9375 15-16
29 .453125 61 .953125
15 30 .46875 31 62 . .96875
31 .484375 63 .984375
16 32 .5 1-2 32 64 1. . 1
.
116 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY .
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
FOR EACH ",4th OF AN INCH .
In".
-
0" 1" 2"
----
3"
~~I 6" 7"
8" I 9" 10" 11"
----
0 0 .0833 .1667 .2500 .3333
1.
.4167 5000 .5833 .6667 .7500 .8333 .9167
.~ .0013 .0846 .1680 .2513 .3346 .4180 .5013 .5846 .6680 .7513 .8346 .9180
.0026 .0859 .169& .2526 .3359 .41 93 .5026 , .5859 1 .6693 .7526 .91&3
'"
.8359
-h
.;.
...
-I.
.0039
.0052
.0065
.0078
.0872 .li06 .2539 .3372
. '" ' ' 'r

n .6706
.0885 .1719 .2552 .3385 .4219 5052 .5885 .6719
.0898 .1732 .2565 .3398 .4232 .5065 .5898 .6732 .7565 .8398 .9232
.0911 .1745 .2578 .3411 .4245 .5078 .5911 .6745 .7578 .8411 .9U5
.7539
.7552
.8372
.8385
.9206
.9219
i. .0091 .0924 .1758 .2591 .3424 .4.258 .5()<)1 . 5~24 .6758 .7591 .8124 .9258
% .0104 .0937 .1771 .2604 .3437 .4271 .5104 .5937 .6771 .7604 .8137 .9271
.\ .0117 .0951 .1784 .2617 .3451 .4.284 .5117 .5951 .6734 .7617 .8451 .9']84
.5130 .6797 .7630 .8464 .9297
*
f.
it
.0130
.0143
.0156
.0964 .1797 .2630 .3464
.0977 .1810 .2643 .3477
.0990 .1823 .2656 .3490
.4.297
.4310
.4323
.5143
.5156
.5964
.5977
.5990
.6810 .76~3 .8477
.6823 .7656 .8490
.9310
.9323
U .0169 .1003 .1836 .2669 .3503 .4336 .5169 .6003 .6836 .7669 .8503 .9336
i. .0182 .10111 .1849 .2682 .3516 .4349 .5182 .6016 .6849 .768'2 .8516 .9340
it .0195 .1029 .1862 .2695 .3529 .4362 .5195 .6029 .6862 7695 .8529 .9362
~ .0208 .1042 .1875 .2708 .8542 .4375 .5208 .6042 .6S75 .7708 8512 .9375
it .0221 .1055 .18b8 .2721 .3555 .4388 .6221 .6055 .6888 .7721 .8555 .9388
.\ .0234 .1068 .1901 .2734 .3568 .4401 .5234 .6068 .6901 .773! .8568 .9401
if .0'247 .IOR1 .1914 .2747 .3681 .4414 .5247 .6081 .6914 .7747 .8581 .0414
f. .0260 .109! .1927 .2760 .3594 .4427 .5260 .6094 .6027 .7760 .8594 .9427
it .0273 .1107 .1940 .2773 .3607 .4440 .5273 .6107 .6940 .7773 .8607 .9440
U .0286 .1120 .1953 .2786 .3620 .4453 .5286 .6120 .69.)3 .776 .8620 .9t53
U .0299 . l1S3 .1966 .2799 .3633 .4466 .5299 .6133 .6066 .7799 .8633 .9466
% .0312 .1146 .1979 .2812 .3646 .4479 .5312 .6146 .69;9 .7812 .8646 .9479
it '0326 .1159 .1992 .2826 .3659 .4492 .5326 .6159 .6992 .7826 .8659 .9492
U .0339 .1172 .2005 .2839 .3672 .4505 .5339 .6172 .7005 .7839 '8672 .9505
it .0352 .1185 .2018 .2852 .R685 .4518 .5352 .618(i .7018 .7852 .8685 .9518
Ie .0365 .1198 .2031 .2865 .3698 .4531 .5365 .6198 .7031 .7865 .8698 .9531
if .0378 .'-211 .2044 .2878 .3711 .4544 .5378 .6211 .7044 .7878 .8711 .%44
iI .0391 .1224\.20;;7 .2891 .3724 .4557 .5391 .6224 .7057 .7891 .8724 .9557
U .0404 .1237 .2070 .2904\.3737 .4570 .5404 .6237 .7070 .7904 .8737 .9570
/~ .0417 !250 .2083 .2917 .3750 .4583 .5417 .6250 .7083 .7917 .8750 .9583
DECIMALS OF A FOOT
FOR EACH t?4th OF AN INCH .
I
InCh'l~ I" 2" 3" 4"
----
5" 6" 7" 8" 9" ]0" II"
Yo .{)H7 .1250 .2083 .2917 .3750 .4583 .5417 .6250 .7083 .7917 .8750 .9583
ii .()t30 .1263 .2096 .2930 .3763 .4596 .5430 .6263 .7096 .7930 .8763 .9596
H .()t43 .1276 .2 109 .2913 .3776 .4609 .5443 .6276 .7109 .7913 .8776 .9609
it .M56 .1289 .212"l .2956 .3789 .4622 .&156 .6289 .7122 .7956 .8789 .0022
f. .()t69 .1302 .2 135 .2969 .3802 .4635 .5469 .6302 .7135 .7969 .8802 .0035
it .0182 .1315 .2148 .2982 .3815 .4648 .&182 .6315 .7148 .7982 .8815 .9648
U .{)195 .1328 .2161 .2995 .3828 .4661 .549j .6328 .7161 .7995 .8828 .%61
it .OWS .1341 .2174 .3008 .8841 .4674 .5508 .6341 .7174 .8008 .8841 .9674
% .Qj21 .1354 .2188 .3021 .3854 .4688 .5521 .6354 .7188 .8021 .8834 .9688
U .0534 .1367 .2201 .3034 .3867 .4701 .5534 .6367 .7201 .8034 .SS67 .9701
U .0547 .1380 .2"114 .3M7 .3880 .4il4 .5547 .6380 .7214 .8{)17 .8880 .9714
ti .0560 .1393 .2227 .3060 .3893 .4727 .5560 .6393 .7227 .8060 .8893 .9727
U .0573 .1406 .2240 .3073 .3900 .4740 .5573 .6406 .7240 .8073 .8906 .9740
.0ii86 .1419 .2253
*n .0599 .1432 .2266
.3086 .3919 .4753 .5586 .6419 .7253 .8056 .8919
.3099 .3932 .4766 .5599 6432 .7266 .8099 .8932
.9753
.9766
if .0612 .1445 .2~9 .3112 .3945 .4779 .6612 .6415 .7279 .8112 .8945 J'7i9
7.l .0625 .1458 .2292 .3125 .3958 .4792 .5625 .6458 .7292 .8125 .895~ .~792
at .0638 .1471 .2305 .3138 .39il .4805 .5638 .6171 .73m .8138 .8971 .9805
U .0651 .1484 .2318 .3151 .3984 .4818 .5651 .64S! .7318 .8151 .8984 .9818
It .0664 .1497 .23.11 .3164 .3997 .4831 .5664 .6497 .7331 .81&1 .8W7 .9831
ii .0077 .1510 .2344 .3177 .4010 04844 .6677 .6510 .7344 .8177 .0010 .9844
U .0090 .1523 .2357 .3190 .4023 .4857 .5690 .6523 .7357 .8190 .9023 .9857
U .0703 .1536 .2370 .3203 .4036 .4870 .5703 .6536 .7370 .8203 .9036 .9SiO
~~ .0716 .1&19 .2)83 .3216 A()t9 .4883 .5716 .6549 .7383 .8216 .9049 .9883
Ya .0729 .1562 .2396 .3229 .4062 .4896 .5729 .6562 .7396 .8229 .9062 .9:;96
It .0742 .1576 .2409 .3242 .4076 .4909 .5742 .6576 .7409 .8242 .9076 .9909
!I .0755 .1589 .2422 .3255 .4089 .492~ .5755 .6589 .7422 .8255 .9089 .992'l
It .0768 .1602 .2435 .3268 04102 .4935 .5768 .6002 .74.35 .8268 .9102 .9935
U .0781 .1615 .2448 .3281 .4115 .4948 .5781 .6615 .7448 .8281 .911.'; .9948
Ii .0794. .1628 .2461 .3294 .4128 .4961 .5794 .6628 .7461 .8294 .S128 .9961
ii .08(17 .1641 .2474 .3307 .4141 .4974 .5807 .6Ml .7474 .8307 .9141 9974
U .0820 .1654 .2487 .3320 .4154 .4987 .5820 1'6654 .7487 .8320 .9154 .9987
1 1.0000
-
INDEX .
PAGB
Allowable variation in weights of sections 9
Angles, connection, for I beams and girder beams 88-89
Area, reduction of, for rivet holes . . . 114
Areas, method of increasing sectional . . . 9
Beams, bearing plates for . . . . . . . . 106-107
bending moment, shear and deflection of . 101
deflection of . . . . . . . . . . 102-103
grillage, calculation of. . . . . . . . 108-109
notes on strength and deflection of. . . 99-101
unsupported sideways, red\\ced loads for 56
Beams, Bethlehem I:
comparison of, with Standard I beams . 41
dimensions of . . . . . . 33
distance c. to c., for equal radii of gyration 42
moments of resistance for, in ft. Ibs. 39
properties of . . . . . . . . . . 36-37
safe loads, uniformly distributed for 61-65
" " for, used as columns 76-77
safe shear on webs of . . . . . 66-67
shapes of . . . . . . . . . . 19-25
standard gauges for rivet holes in 94-95
weights of . . . . . . . . . . 33
Beams, Bethlehem Rolled Girder:
comparison of, with Standard I beams 40
dimensions of . . . . . . . . . . 32
distance c. to c., for equal radii of gyration 42
moments of resistance for, in ft. Ibs.. 38
properties of . . . . . . . . . . 34-35
safe loads, uniformly distributed for 57-60
" " for, used as columns . 74-75
safe shear on webs of . . . . . 66-67
shapes of . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
standard gauges for rivet holes in 96
weights of . . . . . . . . . . 32
Bearing plates, notes on . . . . . . 106-107
Bending moments, for usual methods of loading . . 101
~
PAC _
Bolts, weights of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Bridges, Bethlehem beams and girders for railroad. 68-69
Columns, Bethlehem Rolled Steel H :
areas of . . . . . . . . 44-51
connections and details for . . . 97-98
dimensions of . . . . . . . . 44-51
example showing method of selecting 73
properties of . 44-51
safe loads for. . . . . . . . . . 78-85
shapes of . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29
special section, uses and properti es of 52-53
weights of . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-51
Compound Columns, weights and properties of 54-55
safe loads for. . . . . . . . . . . . . 86-87
Connection angles for I beams and girder beams . 88-89
minimum spans for . . . . . . . 90-91
Cutting to length, allowable variation in 9
Decimals of a foot, for each nth inch 116-117
" an inch, for each 1>\th .. Wi
Deflection of beams, notes on 102- 103
Dimensions of Bethlehem girder Learns 32
" Bethlehem Ii column sections. 44-51
" Bethlehem I beams 33
Explanation of Bethlehem structural shapes. . 4-9
Formulas for Lending moments and dp.flections 101
Grillage beams, notes on calculation of. . . 108-109
Rivet holes, reduction of area for . . . . . . .. 114
Rivet spacing for Bethlehem beams and girders 94-96
Rivets, shearing and bearing values for. 110-111
weights of . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Separators for I beams and girder beams 92-93
Shear, safe, on webs of beams . . . . 66-67
Tie rods, size and spacing of . . . . . 104-105
Weights of beams, Bethlehem I and girder. 32-33
" bearing plates . . . . . . 106-107
"bolts ........ . 113
" connection angles for beams 88-89
" H column sections . 44-51
" rivets. . . . . . . 112
.. separators for beams 92-93
.~
'/"
I
BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY,

W.orks at South Bethlehem, Pa.,
The Largest Individual Steel Plant in America,

MANUFACTURES
Open Hearth Steel Structural Shapes. Wide Flange Beams, Rolled

Girders, Rolled-Column Sections, Standard I Beams, Channels,
Angles, Rounds, Squares, and Flats.
Open Hearth Steel Rails from 60 to 100 pounds per yard.
Forgings of All Si'zes, ~ough or finished, for Marine and Stationary

Engines, . Locomotives, Machine Tools, etc., of fluid com-
pressed open hearth carbon or nickel steel, hydraulic
forged solid or hollow arounrl a mandrel,
and annealed or oil tempered.
Drop Forgings of all sizes.
Hydraulic Presses, Heavy Machinery, and Machine Tools designed

and built.
A r mor Plate and Armor Plate Vaults
Land and Naval Ordnance, Finished Guns of All Calibers, Gun

Forgings, Gun Carriages, Projectiles.
Pumping Engines and Machinery.

Gas Engines.
Steel Castings of all sizes, of carbon or nickel steel.

Iron Castings of all sizes.
Brass and Bronze Castings.
High Speed and Special Tool Steels.

M u c k Bar I ron.
Stay Bolt Iron.
Steel Billets.
Pig Iron.

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CATALOGUE

BETH L EH E M STEEL COMPANY

SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PA.

PREPARED UNDER DIRECTION 011

BRANCH SALES OFFICES:

JANUARY, 1911 8-4

This edition of the catalogue supersedes previous issues.

B EFORE placing the Grey Mills at Bethlehem in operation,

Bethlehem structural shapes have proven to be a radical im-

riG. 1. fIG. 2. fiG. 3 .

Shapes produced by the Grey Mill have thus a uniform work

Loeation IDtim&1a Strength, El.su. Limi~ Elongation Reduction

Webs of Standard beams are much thicker than required for

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS .

BETHLEHEM ROLLED H COLUMNS.

All Bethlehem sections are of open hearth steel exclusively,

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

_ ____________ -2ci~ __________________ _

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS .

BETHLEHEM ::t BEAMS.

BETHLEHEM ROLLED H COLUMNS.

For intermediate weights and dimensions,

BETHLEHEM ROLLED H COLUMNS.

MAXIMUM 161.0 Lbs.

for intermediate weights and dimensions,

BETHLEHEM ROLLED H COLUMNS.

For intermediate weights and dimensions,

I , 0.50" 0.611 "

BETHLEHEM ROLLED H COLUMNS.

For intermediate weights and dimensions,

DIMENSIONS AND PROPERTIES O f"

Weights and dimensions of all the sizes of Bethlehem I beams

WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF " R

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

Increase NEUTRAL AXIS PERPENDICU-

G28 a 28 180.0 52.86 .690 14.35 .011 7264.7 11.72 518.9

G26 a 26 160.0 46.91 .630 13.60 .011 5620.8 10.95 432.4 j

G20a 20 140.0 41.19 .640 12.50 .015 2934.7 8.44 293.5

GI8 18 92.0 27.1 2 .480 11.50 .016 151)1.4 7.66 176.8

G15 b 15 140.0 41.27 .800 11.75 .020 1592.7 6.21 212.4

G12 a 12 70.0 20.58 .460 10.00 .025 538.8 5.12 89.8

GIO 10 44.0 12.95 .310 9.00 .030 244.2 4.34 48.8

BETHLEHEM GIRDER BEAMS.

NEUTR.!L .HIS COIN-

of Beam. C' of Beam.

5,535,000 14640 4,324,200 11450 161,500 533.3 3.18 G28 a

4,611,900 13600 3,603,100 10630 135,900 435.7 3.05 G26 a

3,734,600 12550 2,9 17,600 9820 121,700 346.9 2.90 G24a ,

3, 130,300 10460 2,445,600 8180 124,200 348.9 2.91 G20 a

1,886,100 9410 1,473,500 7360 76,100 182.6 2.59 G18

2,265,200 7840 1,769,700 6140 134,200 331.0 2.83 G15 b

957,800 6280 748,300 4910 57,200 114.7 2.36 G12 a

_ -2ci~ ______ _