BANAGA v. BERNABE action is a petition to declare a failure of elections or annul election results.

It is not
January 21, 1991 | Gancayco, J. | an election protest.
Digester: Bea, Alexis
Election Protest vs. Failure of Elections
SUMMARY: Banaga and Bernabe were candidates for the Vice-Mayoralty elections in First, his petition before the COMELEC was instituted pursuant to Section 4 of
Paranaque. Bernabe won by 3,000 votes and petitioner, Banaga filed with the Republic Act No. 7166 in relation to Section 6 of the Omnibus Election Code.
COMELEC a Petition to Declare Failure of Elections. The petitioner cited several Section 4 of RA 7166 refers to postponement, failure of election and special while Section 6
grounds (dami e pero TL;DR grounds siya for an election protest). The petition was of the Omnibus Election Code relates to failure of election. It is simply captioned as
dismissed by COMELEC. Hence the petition for certiorari. Petition to Declare Failure of Elections and/or For Annulment of Elections.
Second, an election protest is an ordinary action while a petition to declare a failure
DOCTRINE: Requisites for COMELEC to declare a failure of elections: (1) no voting of elections is a special action under the 1993 COMELEC Rules of Procedure as
took place in the precinct or precincts on the date fixed by law, or even if there was amended. An election protest is governed by Rule 20 on ordinary actions, while a
voting, the election resulted in a failure to elect; and (2) the votes not cast would have petition to declare failure of elections is covered by Rule 26 under special actions.
affected the result of the election As applied: Petitioner filed his petition as a special action and paid the
corresponding fee therefor. Thus, the petition was docketed as SPA-98-383. This
FACTS: conforms to petitioners categorization of his petition as one to declare a failure of
Petitioner and private respondent were the candidates for vice-mayor of the City of elections or annul election results. In contrast, an election protest is assigned a
Paraaque in the May 11, 1998 election. docket number starting with EPC, meaning election protest case.
On May 19, 1998, the city board of canvassers proclaimed private respondent, Third, petitioner did not comply with the requirements for filing an election
Florencio M. Bernabe, Jr., the winner. protest. He failed to pay the required filing fee and cash deposits for an election
Dissatisfied, petitioner filed with the COMELEC on May 29, 1998, an action protest. Failure to pay filing fees will not vest the election tribunal jurisdiction over
denominated as Petition to Declare Failure of Elections and/or For Annulment of Elections the case. Such procedural lapse on the part of a petitioner would clearly warrant the
alleging that the election was tainted with widespread election anomalies which outright dismissal of his action.
constitutes election fraud. Fourth, an en banc decision of COMELEC in an ordinary action becomes final and
The local elections for the position of Vice-Mayor in the City of Paranaque, Metro executory after thirty (30) days from its promulgation, while an en banc decision in a
Manila, was replete with election offenses, specifically vote buying and flying voters special action becomes final and executory after five (5) days from promulgation,
being allowed to vote. unless restrained by the Supreme Court. For that reason, a petition cannot be
It was alleged, among others, that the will of the legitimate voters of the City of treated as both an election protest and a petition to declare failure of elections.
Paranaque were denigrated during the 11 May 1998 election as a consequence of Fifth, the allegations in the petition decisively determine its nature. Petitioner
the fact that an indeterminable number of flying voters were allowed to vote. alleged that the local elections for the office of vice-mayor in Paraaque City held on
The COMELEC dismissed petitioners suit. It held that the grounds relied upon by May 11, 1998, denigrates the true will of the people as it was marred with
petitioner do not fall under any of the instances enumerated in Section 6 of the widespread anomalies on account of vote buying, flying voters and glaring
Omnibus Election Code. The election tribunal concluded that based on the discrepancies in the election returns. He averred that those incidents warrant the
allegations of the petition, it is clear that an election took place and that it did not declaration of a failure of elections.
result in a failure to elect. Given these circumstances, public respondent cannot be said to have gravely
Hence, this petition. erred in treating petitioners action as a petition to declare failure of elections
or to annul election results.
The COMELECs authority to declare a failure of elections is provided in our
election laws.
RULING: Petition DISMISSED. Section 4 of RA 7166 provides that the COMELEC sitting en banc by a majority
vote of its members may decide, among others, the declaration of failure of election
and the calling of special election as provided in Section 6 of the Omnibus Election
Whether or not COMELEC acted with GAD in dismissing the petitionNO Code. Said Section 6, in turn, provides as follows:
While petitioner may have intended to institute an election protest by praying that Section 6. Failure of Elections. --- If, on account of force majeure, violence, terrorism,
said action may also be considered an election protest, in our view, petitioners fraud or other analogous causes the election in any polling place has not been held
 on the date fixed, or had been suspended before the hour fixed by law for the
closing of the voting, or after the voting and during the preparation and the
transmission of the election returns or in the custody or canvass thereof, such
election results in a failure to elect, and in any of such cases the failure or
suspension of election would affect the result of the election, the Commission shall,
on the basis of verified petition by any interested party and after due notice and
hearing, call for the holding or continuation of the election not held, suspended or
which resulted in a failure to elect on a date reasonably close to the date of the
election not held, suspended or which resulted in a failure to elect but not later than
thirty days after the cessation of the cause of such postponement or suspension of
the election or failure to elect.
There are three instances where a failure of election may be declared, namely, (a)
the election in any polling place has not been held on the date fixed on account of
force majeure, violence, terrorism, fraud or other analogous causes; (b) the election in
any polling place has been suspended before the hour fixed by law for the closing
of the voting on account of force majeure, violence, terrorism, fraud or other
analogous causes; or (c) after the voting and during the preparation and
transmission of the election returns or in the custody or canvass thereof, such
election results in a failure to elect on account of force majeure, violence, terrorism,
fraud or other analogous causes. In these instances, there is a resulting failure to
elect. This is obvious in the first two scenarios, where the election was not held and
where the election was suspended. As to the third scenario, where the preparation
and the transmission of the election returns give rise to the consequence of failure
to elect must as aforesaid, is interpreted to mean that nobody emerged as a winner.
Before the COMELEC can act on a verified petition seeking to declare a failure of
election two conditions must concur, namely (1) no voting took place in the
precinct or precincts on the date fixed by law, or even if there was voting, the
election resulted in a failure to elect; and (2) the votes not cast would have affected
the result of the election
Note that the cause of such failure of election could only be any of the following:
force majeure, violence, terrorism, fraud or other analogous causes.
As applied: It was found that petitioner did not allege at all that elections were
either not held or suspended. Neither did he aver that although there was voting,
nobody was elected. On the contrary, he conceded that an election took place for
the office of vice-mayor of Paraaque City, and that private respondent was, in fact,
proclaimed elected to that post.
While petitioner contends that the election was tainted with widespread anomalies,
it must be noted that to warrant a declaration of failure of election the commission
of fraud must be such that it prevented or suspended the holding of an election, or
marred fatally the preparation and transmission, custody and canvass of the election
returns. These essential facts ought to have been alleged clearly by the petitioner
below, but he did not.