Concrete Design
Concrete Design
Concrete Design
KAMPALA CITY.
OCT, 2017
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BEAM 1114.35-41
BEAM 212.42-55
STAIRCASE A...72-74
ii
GENERAL DESIGN INFORMATION
Architect ..
Civil/Structural Engineer
Design Codes 1. BS: 8110, PARTS 1 & 3:1997, 'STUCTURAL USE OF CONCRETE
2. BS: 5950, PART 1: 2000, 'STRUCTURAL USE OF STEEL'
3. BS: 6399: PART 1: 1986, 'CODE FOR DEAD AND IMPOSED LOADS'
4. CP3:CH.V: PART 2:1972 'WIND LOADS'
DEAD LOADS:
FLOOR FINISHES: 1.2kN/m2 (40mm Screed, 25mm Ceiling Plaster, Floor Tiles)
Materials CONCRETE:
REINFORCED: GRADE C25
BLINDING: GRADE C10
MAX AGGREGATE SIZE: 20 mm
REINFORCEMENT:
HIGH TENSILE: fy = 460 N/mm2
MILD STEEL : fy= 250 N/mm2
STRUCTURAL STEEL:
GRADE 43 Steel
JOINTS: Expansion joints at 50m max. Centres. Contraction joints at 25m max. &
change of slab shape
iv
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
Loading
Loading Data
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN / m 3
Unit weight of Plaster and cement sand screed assumed equal to that of
concrete at 24 kN / m 3
Thickness of cement/ sand screed = 25mm
Thickness of underside plaster = 25mm
Weight of max-span = 9 kg
9 9.81
0.55kN / m
2
Weight of a max-pans/m2= 6.19
1000
1
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
Mu=0.156xfcubd2
Mu=0.156x25x450x1922
Mu=65x106NMM
Mu=65KNM
Since MMu No compression reinforcement is required.
Main steel
M 23.3 106
K= = =0.06
f cu bd 2 25450 192 2
z=
d 0.5 0.25 K / 0.9)
z= d 0.5
0.25 0.06 / 0.9) =0.97d
Z >0.95d,
2
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
As = M = 23.3X 10 6 = 297mm2
0 . 95 f y z 0.95 X 460 X 179
Provide 2 T16,
Provide 2 T16, As =402mm2 As =402mm2
Deflection Check
6
23.3 X 10
m
= =1.4
bd 2
450 X 1922
Table.3.10 2 A s, req 2 297
fs = fy = 460 = 226.6N/mm2
3 A s, prov 3 402
Modification Factor
477 - f s 477 - 226.6
= 0.55 + = 0.55 + =1.45
m 120 0.9 1.4
120 0.9 2
bd
6400
New dmin= 119
20x2.7
No shear
v = 0.17 0.5x0.59=0.29 reinforcement is
Since v = 0.17 0.5vc ok in shear required
Topping (0.13% of the topping)
3
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
Loading
Loading Data
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN / m 3
Unit weight of Plaster and cement sand screed assumed equal to that of
concrete at 24 kN / m 3
Thickness of cement/ sand screed = 25mm
Thickness of underside plaster = 25mm
Weight of max-span = 9 kg
9 9.81
0.55kN / m
2
Weight of a max-pans/m2= 6.19
1000
4
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
Mu=0.156xfcubd2
Mu=0.156x25x450x1922
Mu=65x106NMM
Mu=65KNM
Since MMu No compression reinforcement is required.
Main steel
M 19.7 106
K= = =0.048
f cu bd 2 25450 192 2
z=
d 0.5 0.25 K / 0.9)
z= d 0.5
0.25 0.048 / 0.9) =0.97d
CL.3.4.6 Z >0.95d,
5
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
Modification Factor
477 - f s 477 - 190
= 0.55 + = 0.55 + =1.45
m 120 0.9 1.2
120 0.9 2
bd
6880
New dmin= 127
20x2.7
Cl 3.6.4.5
Assume d>119, 192 >119 Hence ok in deflection
6
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
Loading
Loading Data
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN / m 3
Unit weight of Plaster and cement sand screed assumed equal to that of
concrete at 24 kN / m 3
Thickness of cement/ sand screed = 25mm
Thickness of underside plaster = 25mm
Weight of max-span = 9 kg
9 9.81
0.55kN / m
2
Weight of a max-pans/m2= 6.19
1000
7
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
Mu=0.156xfcubd2
Mu=0.156x25x450x1922
Mu=65x106NMM
Mu=65KNM
Since MMu No compression reinforcement is required.
Main steel
M 21 106
K= = =0.05
f cu bd 2 25450 192 2
z=
d 0.5 0.25 K / 0.9)
z= d 0.5
0.25 0.05 / 0.9) =0.97d
CL.3.4.6 Z >0.95d,
8
STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL Design By: Date:
DEVELOPMENT
ONGORA APRIL. 2017
As = M = 21X 10 6 = 265mm2
0 . 95 f y z 0.95 X 460 X 181
Provide 2 T16, As =402mm2
Deflection Check
21X 106
m
Table.3.10 = =1.3
bd 2
450 X 1922
2 A s, req 2 265
fs = fy = 460 = 202N/mm2
3 A s, prov 3 402
Modification Factor
477 - f s 477 - 202
= 0.55 + = 0.55 + =1.59
m 120 0.9 1.3
120 0.9 2
bd
6020
New dmin= 111
20x2.7
Cl 3.6.4.5
Assume d>111, 192 >111 Hence ok in deflection
v = 0.16 0.5x0.59=0.29
Since v = 0.16 0.5vc ok in shear
Cl 3.6.6.2 450
Spacing of wires 225
2
9
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
TANK SLAB 10
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
RC SLAB DESIGN
In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating corrigendum January 2008 and the UK national annex
4000
Slab definition
;
Type of slab; Two way spanning with restrained edges
Overall slab depth; h = 150 mm
Shorter effective span of panel; lx = 3000 mm
Longer effective span of panel; ly = 4000 mm
Support conditions; Three edges discontinuous (one short edge continuous)
Top outer layer of reinforcement; Short span direction
Bottom outer layer of reinforcement; Short span direction
Loading
Characteristic permanent action; Gk = 4.8 kN/m2
Characteristic variable action; Qk = 11.3 kN/m2
Partial factor for permanent action; G = 1.35
Partial factor for variable action; Q = 1.50
Quasi-permanent value of variable action; 2 = 0.30
Design ultimate load; q = G Gk + Q Qk = 23.4 kN/m2
Quasi-permanent load; qSLS = 1.0 Gk + 2 Qk = 8.2 kN/m2
Concrete properties
Concrete strength class; C20/25
Characteristic cylinder strength; fck = 20 N/mm2
Partial factor (Table 2.1N); C = 1.50
Compressive strength factor (cl. 3.1.6); cc = 0.85
Design compressive strength (cl. 3.1.6); fcd = 11.3 N/mm2
Mean axial tensile strength (Table 3.1); fctm = 0.30 N/mm2 (fck / 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 2.2 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; dg = 20 mm
Reinforcement properties
Characteristic yield strength; fyk = 460 N/mm2
Partial factor (Table 2.1N); S = 1.15
Design yield strength (fig. 3.8); fyd = fyk / S = 400.0 N/mm2
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
TANK SLAB 11
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
TANK SLAB 12
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Area of reinforcement required for bending; Asy_p_m = My_p / (fyd z) = 237 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asy_p_min = max(0.26 (fctm/fyk) b dy_p, 0.0013bdy_p) = 134 mm2/m
Area of reinforcement required; Asy_p_req = max(Asy_p_m, Asy_p_min) = 237 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided exceeds area required
Check reinforcement spacing
Reinforcement service stress; sy_p = (fyk / S) min((Asy_p_m/Asy_p), 1.0) qSLS / q = 84.4 N/mm2
Maximum allowable spacing (Table 7.3N); smax_y_p = 300 mm
Actual bar spacing; sy_p = 200 mm
PASS - The reinforcement spacing is acceptable
Reinforcement design at continuous support in long span direction (cl.6.1)
Bending moment coefficient; sy_n = 0.0580
Design bending moment; My_n = sy_n q lx2 = 12.2 kNm/m
Reinforcement provided; 10 mm dia. bars at 200 mm centres
Area provided; Asy_n = 393 mm2/m
Effective depth to tension reinforcement; dy_n = h - cnom_t - x_n - y_n / 2 = 115.0 mm
K factor; K = My_n / (b dy_n2 fck) = 0.046
Redistribution ratio; = 1.0
K factor; K = 0.598 - 0.18 2 - 0.21 = 0.208
K < K' - Compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; z = min(0.95 dy_n, dy_n/2 (1 + (1 - 3.53K)0.5)) = 109.3 mm
Area of reinforcement required for bending; Asy_n_m = My_n / (fyd z) = 280 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asy_n_min = max(0.26 (fctm/fyk) b dy_n, 0.0013bdy_n) = 150 mm2/m
Area of reinforcement required; Asy_n_req = max(Asy_n_m, Asy_n_min) = 280 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided exceeds area required
Check reinforcement spacing
Reinforcement service stress; sy_n = (fyk / S) min((Asy_n_m/Asy_n), 1.0) qSLS / q = 99.6 N/mm2
Maximum allowable spacing (Table 7.3N); smax_y_n = 300 mm
Actual bar spacing; sy_n = 200 mm
PASS - The reinforcement spacing is acceptable
Shear capacity check at long span continuous support
Shear force; Vy_n = q lx / 2 + My_n / ly = 38.2 kN/m
Effective depth factor (cl. 6.2.2); k = min(2.0, 1 + (200 mm / dy_n)0.5) = 2.000
Reinforcement ratio; l = min(0.02, Asy_n / (b dy_n)) = 0.0034
Minimum shear resistance (Exp. 6.3N); VRd,c_min = 0.035 N/mm2 k1.5 (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5 b dy_n
VRd,c_min = 50.9 kN/m
Shear resistance (Exp. 6.2a); VRd,c_y_n = max(VRd,c_min, (0.18 N/mm2 / C) k (100 l (fck / 1 N/mm2))0.333 b dy_n)
VRd,c_y_n = 52.3 kN/m
PASS - Shear capacity is adequate
Shear capacity check at short span discontinuous support
Shear force; Vx_d = q lx / 2 = ;35.1; kN/m;
Reinforcement provided; 12 mm dia. bars at 200 mm centres
Area provided; Asx_d = 565 mm2/m
Effective depth; dx_d = h - cnom_b - x_d / 2 = ;114.0; mm
Effective depth factor; k = min(2.0, 1 + (200 mm / dx_d)0.5) = 2.000
Reinforcement ratio; l = min(0.02, Asx_d / (b dx_d)) = 0.0050
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
TANK SLAB 13
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Minimum shear resistance; VRd,c_min = 0.035 N/mm2 k1.5 (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5 b dx_d
VRd,c_min = 50.5 kN/m
Shear resistance; VRd,c_x_d = max(VRd,c_min, 0.18 N/mm2 / C k (100 l (fck/1 N/mm2))0.333 b dx_d)
VRd,c_x_d = 58.7 kN/m
PASS - Shear capacity is adequate (0.598)
Shear capacity check at long span discontinuous support
Shear force; Vy_d = q lx / 2 = ;35.1; kN/m;
Reinforcement provided; 10 mm dia. bars at 200 mm centres
Area provided; Asy_d = 393 mm2/m
Effective depth; dy_d = h - cnom_b - x_p - y_d / 2 = ;103.0; mm
Effective depth factor; k = min(2.0, 1 + (200 mm / dy_d)0.5) = 2.000
Reinforcement ratio; l = min(0.02, Asy_d / (b dy_d)) = 0.0038
Minimum shear resistance; VRd,c_min = 0.035 N/mm2 k1.5 (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5 b dy_d
VRd,c_min = 45.6 kN/m
Shear resistance; VRd,c_y_d = max(VRd,c_min, 0.18 N/mm2 / C k (100 l (fck/1 N/mm2))0.333 b dy_d)
VRd,c_y_d = 48.6 kN/m
PASS - Shear capacity is adequate (0.723)
Basic span-to-depth deflection ratio check (cl. 7.4.2)
Reference reinforcement ratio; 0 = (fck / 1 N/mm2)0.5 / 1000 = 0.0045
Required tension reinforcement ratio; = max(0.0035, Asx_p_req / (b dx_p)) = 0.0035
Required compression reinforcement ratio; = Ascx_p_req / (b dx_p) = 0.0000
Stuctural system factor (Table 7.4N); K = 1.0
Basic limit span-to-depth ratio; ratiolim_x_bas = K [11 +1.5(fck/1 N/mm2)0.50/ + 3.2(fck/1 N/mm2)0.5(0/ -1)1.5]
(Exp. 7.16); ratiolim_x_bas = 21.67
Mod span-to-depth ratio limit; ratiolim_x = min(40 K, min(1.5, (500 N/mm2/fyk)( Asx_p/Asx_p_m)) ratiolim_x_bas) = 32.50
Actual span-to-eff. depth ratio; ratioact_x = lx / dx_p = 26.32
PASS - Actual span-to-effective depth ratio is acceptable
Reinforcement sketch
The following sketch is indicative only. Note that additional reinforcement may be required in accordance with clauses
9.2.1.2, 9.2.1.4 and 9.2.1.5 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 to meet detailing rules.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
TANK SLAB 14
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
;
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
0.0
mm 1115 6690 2830 3730 6020 1115
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 F 6 G
Support conditions
Support A Vertically free
Rotationally free
Support B Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support C Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support D Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support E Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support F Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support G Vertically free
Rotationally free
Applied loading
Dead self weight of beam 1
Span 1 loads Dead UDL 19.760 kN/m from 0 mm to 1115 mm
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
200
Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C20/25
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ec = 20kN/mm2 + 200 fcu = 25000 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic yield strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 250 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement
Nominal cover to top reinforcement; cnom_t = 25 mm
Nominal cover to bottom reinforcement; cnom_b = 25 mm
Nominal cover to side reinforcement; cnom_s = 25 mm
Mid span 1
Support B
K' = 0.156
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(d (0.5 + (0.25 - K / 0.9)0.5), 0.95 d) = 434 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = (d - z) / 0.45 = 51 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As,req = M / (0.87 fy z) = 180 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 2 20 bars
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As,prov = 628 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement; As,min = 0.0024 b h = 240 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement; As,max = 0.04 b h = 4000 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear
Design shear force span 1 at 658 mm; V = abs(min(VB_s1_max, VB_s1_red)) = 38 kN
Design shear stress; v = V / (b d) = 0.417 N/mm2
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 min(3,[100 As,prov / (b d)]1/3) max(1, (400 /d)1/4)
(min(fcu, 40) / 25)1/3 / m
vc = 0.558 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; 0.5 vc < v < (vc + 0.4 N/mm2)
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.400 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 368 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 343 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Design shear force span 2 at 457 mm; V = max(VB_s2_max, VB_s2_red) = 116 kN
Design shear stress; v = V / (b d) = 1.272 N/mm2
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 min(3,[100 As,prov / (b d)]1/3) max(1, (400 /d)1/4)
(min(fcu, 40) / 25)1/3 / m
vc = 0.558 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; (vc + 0.4 N/mm2) < v < vmax
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.714 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 657 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 150 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 670 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 343 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension; s = (b - 2 (cnom_s + v + top/2)) /(Ntop - 1) - top = 94 mm
Minimum distance between bars in tension (cl 3.12.11.1)
Minimum distance between bars in tension; smin = hagg + 5 mm = 25 mm
PASS - Satisfies the minimum spacing criteria
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
Mid span 2
Area of compression reinforcement required; As2,req = (K - K') fcu b d2 / (0.87 fy (d - d2)) = 13 mm2
Compression reinforcement provided; 2 16 bars
Area of compression reinforcement provided; As2,prov = 402 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); As,max = 0.04 b h = 4000 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Area of tension reinforcement required; As,req = K' fcu b d2 / (0.87 fy z) + As2,req = 1134 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 2 20 bars + 2 20 bars
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As,prov = 1257 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); As,min = 0.0024 b h = 240 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
Minimum area of shear reinforcement (Table 3.7); Asv,min = 0.4N/mm2 b / (0.87 fyv) = 368 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing (cl. 3.4.5.5); svl,max = 0.75 d = 335 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79N/mm2 min(3,[100 As,prov / (b d)]1/3) max(1, (400mm
/d)1/4) (min(fcu, 40N/mm2) / 25N/mm2)1/3 / m = 0.708 N/mm2
Design shear resistance provided; vs,prov = Asv,prov 0.87 fyv / b = 0.547 N/mm2
Design shear stress provided; vprov = vs,prov + vc = 1.255 N/mm2
Design shear resistance; Vprov = vprov (b d) = 112.2 kN
Shear links provided valid between 500 mm and 5200 mm with tension reinforcement of 1257 mm 2
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension; s = (b - 2 (cnom_s + v + bot,L1/2)) /(Nbot,L1 - 1) - bot,L1 = 94 mm
Minimum distance between bars in tension (cl 3.12.11.1)
Minimum distance between bars in tension; smin = hagg + 5 mm = 25 mm
PASS - Satisfies the minimum spacing criteria
Maximum distance between bars in tension (cl 3.12.11.2)
Design service stress; fs = (2 fy As,req) / (3 As,prov b) = 276.8 N/mm2
Maximum distance between bars in tension; smax = min(47000 N/mm / fs, 300 mm) = 170 mm
PASS - Satisfies the maximum spacing criteria
Span to depth ratio (cl. 3.4.6)
Basic span to depth ratio (Table 3.9); span_to_depthbasic = 26.0
Design service stress in tension reinforcement; fs = (2 fy As,req)/ (3 As,prov b) = 276.8 N/mm2
Modification for tension reinforcement
ftens = min(2.0, 0.55 + (477N/mm2 - fs) / (120 (0.9N/mm2 + (M / (b d2))))) = 0.894
Modification for compression reinforcement
fcomp = min(1.5, 1 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)) / (3 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)))) = 1.130
Modification for span length; flong = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio; span_to_depthallow = span_to_depthbasic ftens fcomp = 26.3
Actual span to depth ratio; span_to_depthactual = Ls2 / d = 15.0
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
Support C
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
2 x 16 bars
3 x 20 bars
2 x 16 bars
200
Mid span 3
500
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
Support D
Mid span 4
Support E
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
2 x 16 bars
2 x 20 bars
2 x 20 bars
200
Mid span 5
K' = 0.156
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(d (0.5 + (0.25 - K / 0.9)0.5), 0.95 d) = 404 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = (d - z) / 0.45 = 118 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As,req = M / (0.87 fy z) = 596 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 2 20 bars
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As,prov = 628 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement; As,min = 0.0024 b h = 240 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement; As,max = 0.04 b h = 4000 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
Minimum area of shear reinforcement (Table 3.7); Asv,min = 0.4N/mm2 b / (0.87 fyv) = 368 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing (cl. 3.4.5.5); svl,max = 0.75 d = 343 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79N/mm2 min(3,[100 As,prov / (b d)]1/3) max(1, (400mm
/d)1/4) (min(fcu, 40N/mm2) / 25N/mm2)1/3 / m = 0.558 N/mm2
Design shear resistance provided; vs,prov = Asv,prov 0.87 fyv / b = 0.547 N/mm2
Design shear stress provided; vprov = vs,prov + vc = 1.104 N/mm2
Design shear resistance; Vprov = vprov (b d) = 100.9 kN
Shear links provided valid between 800 mm and 6020 mm with tension reinforcement of 628 mm 2
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension; s = (b - 2 (cnom_s + v + bot/2)) /(Nbot - 1) - bot = 94 mm
Support F
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Project Job Ref.
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; 0.5 vc < v < (vc + 0.4 N/mm2)
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.400 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 368 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 344 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension; s = (b - 2 (cnom_s + v + top/2)) /(Ntop - 1) - top = 102 mm
Mid span 6
500
0.0
mm 1115 6690
A 1 B 2 C
Support conditions
Support A Vertically free
Rotationally free
Support B Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support C Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Applied loading
Dead self weight of beam 1
Span 1 loads Dead UDL 11.270 kN/m from 0 mm to 1115 mm
Imposed UDL 1.100 kN/m from 0 mm to 1115 mm
Span 2 loads Dead UDL 12.760 kN/m from 0 mm to 6690 mm
Imposed UDL 7.100 kN/m from 0 mm to 6690 mm
Load combinations
Load combination 1 Support A Dead 1.40
Imposed 1.60
Span 1 Dead 1.40
Imposed 1.60
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Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C20/25
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ec = 20kN/mm2 + 200 fcu = 25000 N/mm2
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Mid span 1
Support B
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; v < 0.5vc
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.400 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 423 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 344 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Design shear force span 2 at 459 mm; V = max(VB_s2_max, VB_s2_red) = 97 kN
Design shear stress; v = V / (b d) = 0.921 N/mm2
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 min(3,[100 As,prov / (b d)]1/3) max(1, (400 /d)1/4)
(min(fcu, 40) / 25)1/3 / m
vc = 0.458 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; (vc + 0.4 N/mm2) < v < vmax
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.463 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 490 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 344 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension; s = (b - 2 (cnom_s + v + top/2)) /(Ntop - 1) - top = 132 mm
Minimum distance between bars in tension (cl 3.12.11.1)
Minimum distance between bars in tension; smin = hagg + 5 mm = 25 mm
PASS - Satisfies the minimum spacing criteria
Maximum distance between bars in tension (cl 3.12.11.2)
Design service stress; fs = (2 fy As,req) / (3 As,prov b) = 57.9 N/mm2
Maximum distance between bars in tension; smax = min(47000 N/mm / fs, 300 mm) = 300 mm
PASS - Satisfies the maximum spacing criteria
Span to depth ratio (cl. 3.4.6)
Basic span to depth ratio (Table 3.9); span_to_depthbasic = 7.0
Design service stress in tension reinforcement; fs = (2 fy As,req)/ (3 As,prov b) = 57.9 N/mm2
Modification for tension reinforcement
ftens = min(2.0, 0.55 + (477N/mm2 - fs) / (120 (0.9N/mm2 + (M / (b d2))))) = 2.000
Modification for compression reinforcement
fcomp = min(1.5, 1 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)) / (3 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)))) = 1.113
Modification for span length; flong = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio; span_to_depthallow = span_to_depthbasic ftens fcomp = 15.6
Actual span to depth ratio; span_to_depthactual = Ls1 / d = 2.4
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
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Mid span 2
Support C
0.0
mm 2830 3730 6020 1115
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E
Support conditions
Support A Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support B Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support C Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support D Vertically restrained
Rotationally free
Support E Vertically free
Rotationally free
Applied loading
Dead self weight of beam 1
Span 1 loads Dead UDL 4.860 kN/m from 0 mm to 2830 mm
Imposed UDL 1.500 kN/m from 0 mm to 2830 mm
Span 2 loads Dead UDL 4.860 kN/m from 0 mm to 3730 mm
Imposed UDL 1.500 kN/m from 0 mm to 3730 mm
Span 3 loads Dead UDL 23.000 kN/m from 0 mm to 6020 mm
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Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C20/25
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ec = 20kN/mm2 + 200 fcu = 25000 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic yield strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 250 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement
Nominal cover to top reinforcement; cnom_t = 25 mm
Nominal cover to bottom reinforcement; cnom_b = 25 mm
Nominal cover to side reinforcement; cnom_s = 25 mm
Mid span 1
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Maximum distance between bars in tension; smax = min(47000 N/mm / fs, 300 mm) = 300 mm
PASS - Satisfies the maximum spacing criteria
Span to depth ratio (cl. 3.4.6)
Basic span to depth ratio (Table 3.9); span_to_depthbasic = 26.0
Design service stress in tension reinforcement; fs = (2 fy As,req)/ (3 As,prov b) = 112.4 N/mm2
Modification for tension reinforcement
ftens = min(2.0, 0.55 + (477N/mm2 - fs) / (120 (0.9N/mm2 + (M / (b d2))))) = 2.000
Modification for compression reinforcement
fcomp = min(1.5, 1 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)) / (3 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)))) = 1.127
Modification for span length; flong = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio; span_to_depthallow = span_to_depthbasic ftens fcomp = 58.6
Actual span to depth ratio; span_to_depthactual = Ls1 / d = 6.2
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
Support B
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; v < 0.5vc
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.400 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 368 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 344 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Design shear force span 2 at 459 mm; V = abs(min(VB_s2_max, VB_s2_red)) = 25 kN
Design shear stress; v = V / (b d) = 0.278 N/mm2
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 min(3,[100 As,prov / (b d)]1/3) max(1, (400 /d)1/4)
(min(fcu, 40) / 25)1/3 / m
vc = 0.480 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; 0.5 vc < v < (vc + 0.4 N/mm2)
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.400 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 368 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 344 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension; s = (b - 2 (cnom_s + v + bot/2)) /(Nbot - 1) - bot = 102 mm
Mid span 2
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Support C
Mid span 3
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Support D
Value of v from Table 3.7; (vc + 0.4 N/mm2) < v < vmax
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.619 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 569 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 175 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 574 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 344 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Design shear force span 4 at 459 mm; V = max(VD_s4_max, VD_s4_red) = 21 kN
Design shear stress; v = V / (b d) = 0.224 N/mm2
Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 min(3,[100 As,prov / (b d)]1/3) max(1, (400 /d)1/4)
(min(fcu, 40) / 25)1/3 / m
vc = 0.480 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 (fcu/1 N/mm2)0.5, 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than maximum allowable
Value of v from Table 3.7; v < 0.5vc
Design shear resistance required; vs = max(v - vc, 0.4 N/mm2) = 0.400 N/mm2
Area of shear reinforcement required; Asv,req = vs b / (0.87 fyv) = 368 mm2/m
Shear reinforcement provided; 2 8 legs at 200 c/c
Area of shear reinforcement provided; Asv,prov = 503 mm2/m
PASS - Area of shear reinforcement provided exceeds minimum required
Maximum longitudinal spacing; svl,max = 0.75 d = 344 mm
PASS - Longitudinal spacing of shear reinforcement provided is less than maximum
Spacing of reinforcement (cl 3.12.11)
Actual distance between bars in tension; s = (b - 2 (cnom_s + v + top/2)) /(Ntop - 1) - top = 102 mm
Minimum distance between bars in tension (cl 3.12.11.1)
Minimum distance between bars in tension; smin = hagg + 5 mm = 25 mm
PASS - Satisfies the minimum spacing criteria
Maximum distance between bars in tension (cl 3.12.11.2)
Design service stress; fs = (2 fy As,req) / (3 As,prov b) = 85.0 N/mm2
Maximum distance between bars in tension; smax = min(47000 N/mm / fs, 300 mm) = 300 mm
PASS - Satisfies the maximum spacing criteria
Span to depth ratio (cl. 3.4.6)
Basic span to depth ratio (Table 3.9); span_to_depthbasic = 7.0
Design service stress in tension reinforcement; fs = (2 fy As,req)/ (3 As,prov b) = 85.0 N/mm2
Modification for tension reinforcement
ftens = min(2.0, 0.55 + (477N/mm2 - fs) / (120 (0.9N/mm2 + (M / (b d2))))) = 2.000
Modification for compression reinforcement
fcomp = min(1.5, 1 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)) / (3 + (100 As2,prov / (b d)))) = 1.127
Modification for span length; flong = 1.000
Allowable span to depth ratio; span_to_depthallow = span_to_depthbasic ftens fcomp = 15.8
Actual span to depth ratio; span_to_depthactual = Ls4 / d = 2.4
PASS - Actual span to depth ratio is within the allowable limit
Mid span 4
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Maximum distance between bars in tension; smax = min(47000 N/mm / fs, 300 mm) = 300 mm
PASS - Satisfies the maximum spacing criteria
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Foundation loads
Dead surcharge load; FGsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Imposed surcharge load; FQsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h conc = 10.800 kN/m2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil soil = 18.000 kN/m2
Total foundation load; F = A (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 115.2 kN
Moment on column base
Dead moment on column in x direction; MGxA = 6.200 kNm
Imposed moment on column in x direction; MQxA = 4.000 kNm
Wind moment on column in x direction; MWxA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in x direction; MxA = 10.200 kNm
Dead moment on column in y direction; MGyA = 0.400 kNm
Imposed moment on column in y direction; MQyA = 0.200 kNm
Wind moment on column in y direction; MWyA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in y direction; MyA = 0.600 kNm
Check stability against overturning in x direction
Total overturning moment; MxOT = MxA + HxA h = 10.200 kNm
Restoring moment in x direction
Foundation loading; Mxsur = A (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) L / 2 = 115.200 kNm
Axial loading on column; Mxaxial = (PGA) (L / 2 - ePxA) = 320.000 kNm
Total restoring moment; Mxres = Mxsur + Mxaxial = 435.200 kNm
PASS - Restoring moment is greater than overturning moment in x direction
Check stability against overturning in y direction
Total overturning moment; MyOT = MyA + HyA h = 0.600 kNm
Restoring moment in y direction
Foundation loading; Mysur = A (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) B / 2 = 115.200 kNm
Axial loading on column; Myaxial = (PGA) (B / 2 - ePyA) = 320.000 kNm
Total restoring moment; Myres = Mysur + Myaxial = 435.200 kNm
PASS - Restoring moment is greater than overturning moment in y direction
Calculate pad base reaction
Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 618.7 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x; eTx = (PA ePxA + MxA + HxA h) / T = 16 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y; eTy = (PA ePyA + MyA + HyA h) / T = 1 mm
Check pad base reaction eccentricity
abs(eTx) / L + abs(eTy) / B = 0.009
Base reaction acts within combined middle third of base
Calculate pad base pressures
q1 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 146.575 kN/m2
q2 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 147.475 kN/m2
q3 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 161.875 kN/m2
q4 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 162.775 kN/m2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 146.575 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 162.775 kN/m2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure
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APPROVAL 62
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APPROVAL 63
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Foundation loads
Dead surcharge load; FGsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Imposed surcharge load; FQsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h conc = 8.400 kN/m2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil soil = 18.000 kN/m2
Total foundation load; F = A (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 76.3 kN
Moment on column base
Dead moment on column in x direction; MGxA = 2.000 kNm
Imposed moment on column in x direction; MQxA = 1.600 kNm
Wind moment on column in x direction; MWxA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in x direction; MxA = 3.600 kNm
Dead moment on column in y direction; MGyA = 0.400 kNm
Imposed moment on column in y direction; MQyA = 0.200 kNm
Wind moment on column in y direction; MWyA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in y direction; MyA = 0.600 kNm
Check stability against overturning in x direction
Total overturning moment; MxOT = MxA + HxA h = 3.600 kNm
Restoring moment in x direction
Foundation loading; Mxsur = A (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) L / 2 = 64.852 kNm
Axial loading on column; Mxaxial = (PGA) (L / 2 - ePxA) = 204.000 kNm
Total restoring moment; Mxres = Mxsur + Mxaxial = 268.852 kNm
PASS - Restoring moment is greater than overturning moment in x direction
Check stability against overturning in y direction
Total overturning moment; MyOT = MyA + HyA h = 0.600 kNm
Restoring moment in y direction
Foundation loading; Mysur = A (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) B / 2 = 64.852 kNm
Axial loading on column; Myaxial = (PGA) (B / 2 - ePyA) = 204.000 kNm
Total restoring moment; Myres = Mysur + Myaxial = 268.852 kNm
PASS - Restoring moment is greater than overturning moment in y direction
Calculate pad base reaction
Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 420.8 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x; eTx = (PA ePxA + MxA + HxA h) / T = 9 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y; eTy = (PA ePyA + MyA + HyA h) / T = 1 mm
Check pad base reaction eccentricity
abs(eTx) / L + abs(eTy) / B = 0.006
Base reaction acts within combined middle third of base
Calculate pad base pressures
q1 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 140.475 kN/m2
q2 = T / A - 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 141.940 kN/m2
q3 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) - 6 T eTy / (B A) = 149.268 kN/m2
q4 = T / A + 6 T eTx / (L A) + 6 T eTy / (B A) = 150.733 kN/m2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 140.475 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 150.733 kN/m2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure
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APPROVAL 64
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APPROVAL 65
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APPROVAL 66
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APPROVAL 67
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Column definition
Column depth (larger column dim); h = 300 mm
Nominal cover to all reinforcement (longer dim); ch = 25 mm
Depth to tension steel; h' = h - ch Ldia Dcol/2 = 259 mm
Column width (smaller column dim); b = 230 mm
Nominal cover to all reinforcement (shorter dim); cb = 25 mm
Depth to tension steel; b' = b - cb - Ldia Dcol/2 = 189 mm
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Ultimate loads
Short column supporting an approximately symmetrical arrangement of beams.
Design ultimate axial load; N = 504 kN
Design
Total area of column steel required; Asc_req = max ((N - 0.35fcuhb) / (f2msfy ), 0.4hb/100) = 276 mm2
from BS8110: Pt 1: eqn 29; where; f2ms = 0.67
Area of reinforcement provided; Asc_prov = Ascol = 804 mm2
Area in "tension" face; Ast = Ascol /2 = 402 mm2
Area of reinforcement provided exceeds area of reinforcement required OK
Check min and max areas of steel
Total area of concrete; Aconc = b h = 69000 mm2
Area of steel (symmetrical); Ascol = 804 mm2
Minimum percentage of compression reinforcement; kc = 0.40 %
Minimum steel area; Asc_min = kc Aconc = 276 mm2
Maximum steel area; As_max = 6 % Aconc = 4140 mm2
Area of compression steel provided OK
Define Containment Links Provided
Link spacing; sv = 175 mm; Link diameter; Ldia = 8 mm; No of links in each group; Ln = 1
Minimum Containment Steel (Cl 3.12.7)
Shear steel
Link spacing; sv = 175 mm
Link diameter; Ldia = 8 mm
Column steel
Diameter; Dcol = 16 mm
Min diameter; Llimit = max( (6 mm), Dcol/4) = 6.0 mm
Link diameter OK
Max spacing; slimit = 12 Dcol = 192.0 mm
Link spacing OK
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STAIRCASE B 72
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Stair geometry
Number of steps; Nsteps = 10
Waist depth for stair flight; hspan = 175 mm
Going of each step; Going = 270 mm
Rise of each step; Rise = 160 mm
Angle of stairs; Rake = atan(Rise / Going) = 30.65 deg
Upper landing geometry
Support condition; Continuous first interior support
Landing length; Lupper = 1045 mm
Depth of landing; hupper = 175 mm
Lower landing geometry
Support condition; Continuous end support
Landing length; Llower = 1000 mm
Depth of landing; hlower = 175 mm
Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 20 mm
Density of concrete; conc = 24.0 kN/m3
Partial safety factors
Partial safety factor for imposed loading; fq = 1.60
Partial safety factor for dead loading; fg = 1.40
Loading details
Characteristic imposed loading; qk = 3.000 kN/m2
Characteristic loading from finishes; gk_fin = 0.500 kN/m2
Average stair self weight; gk_swt = (hspan / Cos(Rake) + Rise / 2) conc = 6.802 kN/m2
Design load; F = (gk_swt + gk_fin) fg + qk fq = 15.023 kN/m2
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STAIRCASE B 73
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STAIRCASE B 74
Calc. by Date Chk'd by CLIENT: App'd by Date