ListofTopicsforprogrammingCompetitions

1. BasicGeometry/EuclideanGeometry/CoordfinateGeometry/[3Dvariantsofeverything].
2. ComputationalGeometry.
a. GrahamScanalgorithmforConvexHullO(n*log(n)).
b. Onlineconstructionof3DconvexhullinO(n^2).
c. BentleyOttmannalgorithmtolistallintersectionpointsofnlinesegmentsinO((n+I)*logn).
SuggestedReading
1. http://softsurfer.com/Archive/algorithm_0108/algorithm_0108.htm
d. RotatingCalipersTechnique.
SuggestedReadinghttp://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~orm/rotcal.html
ProblemsReferthearticleforalistofproblemswhichcanbesolvedusingRotatingCaliperstechnique.
e. LineSweep/PlaneSweepalgorithms
Area/PerimeterofUnionofRectangles.
Closestpairofpoints.
SuggestedReading
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=lineSweep
ProblemsFollowthetutorialforlistofproblems.
f. AreaofUnionofCircles.
g. DelayunayTriangulationofnpointsinO(n*logn).
h. VoronoiDiagramsofnpointsinO(n*logn)usingFortunesalgorithm.
i. Pointinapolygonproblem
O(n)solutionwithoutpreprocessing.
O(logn)algorithmwithO(n*logn)preprocessingforconvexpolygons.
j. Problemsoncomputationalgeometry
BSHEEP,BULK,SEGVIS,CONDUIT,RUNAWAY,DIRVS,RAIN1,SHAMAN,TCUTTER,LITEPIPE,RHOMBS,FSHEEP,FLBRKLIN,CERC07P,
BAC,ALTARS,CERC07C,NECKLACE,CH3D,RECTANGL,POLYSSQ,FOREST2,KPPOLY,RAIN2,SEGMENTS,ARCHPLG,BALLOON,
CIRCLES,COMPASS,EOWAMRT,ICERINKonSPOJ.
CultureGrowth,PolygonCoveronTopcoder.
k. SuggestedReading
ComputationalGeometry:Algorithmsandapplications.MarkDeBurg.
3. StringAlgorithm.
a. KnuthMorrisPrattalgorithm.
ProblemsNHAY,PERIODonSPOJ.
SuggestedReading
1. CormenchapteronStrings.
2. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=stringSearching
b. AhoCorasickalgorithm.
ProblemsWPUZZLESonSPOJ.
c. SuffixArrays
O(n^2*logn)Naivemethodofsuffixarrayconstruction
O(n*logn^2)methodofsuffixarrayconstruction
O(n*logn)methodofsuffixarrayconstruction.
O(n)methodofsuffixarrayconstruction
O(n)LCApreprocessonSuffixArraystosolveavarietyofstringproblems.
d. SuffixTrees
O(n)constructionofSuffixtreesusingUkkenonsalgorithm.
O(n)constructionofSuffixTreesifprovidedwithSuffixArraysusingFarachsalgorithm.
e. SuffixAutomata
O(n)SuffixAutomatonconstruction.
f. DictionaryOfBasicFactors
O(n*logn)methodofDBFconstructionusingRadixSort.
g. ManacharsalgorithmtofindLenghofpalindromicsubstringofastringcenteredatapositionforeachpositioninthe
string.Runtime>O(n).
h. SearchingandpreprocessingRegularExpressionsconsistingof?,*.
i. Multidimentionalpatternmatching.
j. ProblemsonStrings[canbesolvedwithavarietyoftechniques]
DISUBSTR,PLD,MSTRING,REPEATS,JEWELS,ARCHIVER,PROPKEY,LITELANG,EMOTICON,WORDS,AMCODES,UCODES,PT07H,
MINSEQ,TOPALIN,BWHEELER,BEADS,SARRAY,LCS,LCS2,SUBST1,PHRASES,PRETILEonSPOJ
http://www.algorithmist.com/index.php/Category:String_algorithms
4. BasicGraphs[beginner].
a. Representationofgraphsasadjacencylist,adjacencymatrix,incidencematrixandedgelistandusesofdifferent
representationsindifferentscenarios.
b. BreadthFirstSearch.
problems
1. PPATH,ONEZERO,WATERonSPOJ
c. DepthFirstSearch.
d. StronglyConnectedComponents.
problems
1. TOURandBOTTOMonSPOJ.
e. BiconnectedComponents,Findingarticulationpointsandbridges].
problems
1. RELINETS,PT07AonSPOJ.
f. Dijkstraalgorithm
problems
1. SHPATHonSPOJ.
g. FloydWarshallalgorithm
problems
1. COURIERonSPOJ.
h. MinimumSpanningTree
problems
1. BLINNETonSPOJ.
i. Floodfillalgorithm
j. Topologicalsort
k. BellmanFordalgorithm.
l. EulerTour/Path.
problemsWORDS1onSPOJ.
m. SuggestedreadingformostofthetopicsinGraphalgorithms
http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=graphsDataStrucs1.
Alsorefertothetutorialforproblemsconcerningthesetechniques.
Cormenchapter22to24.
5. Flownetworks/matchingetcetc.[Interdiate/Advanced].
a. MaximumflowusingFordFulkersonMethod.
SuggestedReading
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=maxFlow
problemsTAXI,POTHOLE,IM,QUEST4,MUDDY,EN,CABLETV,STEAD,NETADMIN,COCONUTS,OPTMonSPOJ.
b. MaximumflowusingDinicsAlgorithm.
ProblemsPROFITonspoj.
c. MinimumCostMaximumFlow.
SuccessiveShortestpathalgorithm.
CycleCancellingalgorithm.
SuggestedReading
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=minimumCostFlow1
d. MaximumweightedBipartiteMatching(KuhnMunkrasalgorithm/HungarianMethod)
problemsGREED,SCITIES,TOURSonSPOJ|http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8143
e. StoerWagnermincutalgorithm.
f. HopcroftKarpbipartitematchingalgorithm.
problemsANGELSonSPOJ.
g. Maximummatchingingeneralgraph(blossomshrinking)
h. GomoryHuTrees.
 i)ProblemsMCQUERYonSpoj.
i. ChinesePostmanProblem.
problemshttp://acm.uva.es/archive/nuevoportal/data/problem.php?p=4039
SuggestedReadinghttp://eie507.eie.polyu.edu.hk/sssubmission/B7a/
j. SuggestedReadingforthefullcategory>
NetworkflowAlgorithmsandApplicationsbyAhuja
Cormenbookchapter25.
6. DynamicProgramming.
a. SuggestedReadingDynamicProgramming(DP)asatabulationmethod
CormenchapteronDP
b. Standardproblems(youshouldreallyfeelcomfortablewiththesetypes)
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8570&rd=12012&rm=269199&cr=7581406
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10765&rd=14183
c. Statespacereduction
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10902
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=3001
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8605&rd=12012&rm=269199&cr=7581406
d. Solvinginthereverseeasiercharacterizationslookingfromtheend
http://www.spoj.pl/problems/MUSKET/
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=5908
e. Counting/optimizingarrangementssatisfyingsomespecifiedproperties
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8306
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=7849
f. Strategiesandexpectedvalues
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10765&rd=14183
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10806
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=7828
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=7316
g. DPonprobabilityspaces
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=7422
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=2959
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10335
h. DPontrees
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10800
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10737
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_solution&rm=266678&rd=10958&pm=8266&cr=7581406
i. DPwithdatastructures
http://www.spoj.pl/problems/INCSEQ/
http://www.spoj.pl/problems/INCDSEQ/
http://www.spoj.pl/problems/LIS2/
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=1986
j. SymmetriccharacterizationofDPstate
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8610
k. Agoodcollectionofproblems
http://codeforces.com/blog/entry/325
http://problemclassifier.appspot.com/index.jsp?search=dp&usr=
7. Greedy.
a. SuggestedReading
ChapteronGreedyalgorithmsinCormen.
http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=greedyAlg
b. problemsrefertothetopcodertutorial.
8. NumberTheory.
a. Modulusarithmeticbasicpostulates[Includingmodularlinearequations,ContinuedfractionandPell'sequation]
SuggestedReading
1. Chapter1fromNumberTheoryforComputingbySYYan[Recommended]
2. 31.1,31.3and31.4fromCormen
3. www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=primeNumbers
Problems
1. http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=64
2. http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=65
3. http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=66
4. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=6408&rd=9826
5. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=2342
b. Fermat'stheorem,EulerTotienttheorem(totientfunction,order,primitiveroots)
SuggestedReading
1. 1.6,2.2fromNumberTheorybySYYan
2. 31.6,31.7fromCormen
Problems
1. http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=70
2. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/NDIVPHI/
c. Chineseremaindertheorem
SuggestedReading
1. 31.5fromCormen
2. 1.6fromNumberTheorybySYYan
Problems
1. ProjectEuler271
2. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10551&rd=13903
d. Primalitytests
DeterministicO(sqrt(n))approach
ProbabilisticprimalitytestsFermatprimalitytest,MillerRabinPrimalitytest
1. SuggestedReading
a. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=primalityTesting
b. Cormen31.8
c. 2.2fromNumberTheorybySYYan
2. Problems
a. PON,PRIC,SOLSTRASonSPOJ
b. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=4515
e. PrimegenerationtechniquesSieveofErastothenes
SuggestedProblemsPRIME1onSPOJ
f. GCDusingeuclideanmethod
SuggestedReading
1. 31.2Cormen
Problems
1. GCDonSPOJ
2. http://uva.onlinejudge.org/external/114/11424.html
g. LogarithmicExponentiation
SuggestedReading
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=primalityTesting
h. IntegerFactorization
NaiveO(sqrt(n))method
 PollardRhofactorization
SuggestedReading
1. 2.3fromNumberTheorySYYan
2. 31.9Cormen
Problems
1. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=2986&rd=5862
2. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/DIVSUM2/
3. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=4481&rd=6538
i. Stirlingnumbers
j. Wilsontheorem
nCr%pinO(p)preprocessandO(logn)query
k. LucasTheorem
l. SuggestedReadingforNumberTheory
NumbertheoryforcomputingbySongYYan[Simplebookdescribingconceptsindetails]
ConceptsarealsosuperficiallycoveredinChapter31ofIntroductiontoAlgorithmsbyCormen
http://www.codechef.com/wiki/tutorialnumbertheory
http://www.algorithmist.com/index.php/Category:Number_Theory
m. ProblemsonNumberTheory
http://www.algorithmist.com/index.php/Category:Number_Theory
http://problemclassifier.appspot.com/index.jsp?search=number&usr=
9. Math(Probability,Counting,GameTheory,GroupTheory,Generatingfunctions,PermutationCycles,LinearAlgebra)
a. Probability.
Syllabus
BasicprobabilityandConditionalprobability
1. Suggestedproblems
a. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/CT16E/
b. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/CHICAGO/
Randomvariables,probabilitygeneratingfunctions
Mathematicalexpectation+Linearityofexpectation
1. Suggestedproblems
a. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/FAVDICE/
b. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10744
Specialdiscreteandcontinuousprobabilitydistributions
1. Bernoulli,Binomial,Poisson,normaldistribution
2. SuggestedProblem
a. http://acm.sgu.ru/problem.php?contest=0&problem=498
SuggestedReadings
1. CormenappendixC(verybasic)
2. Topcoderprobabiltytutorialhttp://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=probabilities
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_variable
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value
5. WilliamFeller,Anintroductiontoprobabilitytheoryanditsapplications
b. Counting
Syllabus
BasicprinciplesPigeonholeprinciple,addition,multiplicationrules
1. Suggestedproblems
a. http://acm.timus.ru/problem.aspx?space=1&num=1690
b. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10805
3. Suggestedreadings
a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial_principles
b. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=combinatorics
c. http://www.maa.org/editorial/knot/pigeonhole.html
Inclusionexclusion
1. Suggestedreadings
a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusionexclusion_principle
2. Suggestedproblems
a. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=4463&rd=6536
b. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10238
Specialnumbers
1. SuggestedreadingStirling,eurlerian,harmonic,bernoulli,fibonnaccinumbers
a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_number
b. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulerian_numbers
c. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(mathematics)
d. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_number
e. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonnaci_numbers
f. ConcretemathematicsbyKnuth
2. Suggestedproblems
a. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=1643
b. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8202&rd=11125
c. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8725
d. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=2292&rd=10709
AdvancedcountingtechniquesPolyacounting,burnsideslemma
1. Suggestedreading
a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnside's_lemma
b. http://petrmitrichev.blogspot.com/2008/11/burnsideslemma.html
2. SuggestedProblems
a. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=9975
b. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/TRANSP/
c.Gametheory
Syllabus
BasicprinciplesandNimgame
1. Spraguegrundytheorem,grundynumbers
2. Suggestedreadings
a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprague%E2%80%93Grundy_theorem
b. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=algorithmGames
c. http://www.ams.org/samplings/featurecolumn/fcarcgames1
d. http://www.codechef.com/wiki/tutorialgametheory
3. Suggestedproblems
a. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=3491&rd=6517
b. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=3491&rd=6517
Hackenbush
1. Suggestedreadings
a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackenbush
b. http://www.ams.org/samplings/featurecolumn/fcarcpartizan1
2. Suggestedproblems
a. http://www.cs.caltech.edu/ipsc/problems/g.html
b. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/PT07A/
d.LinearAlgebra
Syllabus
MatrixOperations
1. Additionandsubtractionofmatrices
 a. SuggestedReading
i. Cormen28.1
2. Multiplication(Strassen'salgorithm),logarithmicexponentiation
a. Suggestedreading
i. Cormen28.2
ii.LinearAlgebrabyKennethHoffmanSection1.6
b. Problems
i. http://uva.onlinejudge.org/external/111/11149.html
3. Matrixtransformations[Transpose,RotationofMatrix,RepresentingLineartransformationsusingmatrix]
a. SuggestedReading
i. LinearAlgebraByKennethHoffmanSection3.1,3.2,3.4,3.7
b. Problems
i. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=6877
ii.JPIXonSpoj
4. Determinant,RankandInverseofMatrix[GausseanElimination,GaussJordanElimination]
a. SuggestedReading
i. 28.4Cormen
ii.LinearAlgebrabyKennethChapter1
b. Problems
i. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8174
ii.http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=6407&rd=9986
iii. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8587
iv.HIGHonSpoj
5. Solvingsystemoflinearequations
a. SuggestedReading
i. 28.3Cormen
ii.LinearAlgebrabyKennethChapter1
b. Problems
i. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=3942&rd=6520
6. Usingmatrixexponentiationtosolverecurrences
a. SuggestedReading
i. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=features&d2=010408
b. Problems
i. REC,RABBIT1,PLHOPonspoj
ii.http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=6386,
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=7262,
http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=6877
7. EigenvaluesandEigenvectors
a. Problems
i. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=2423&rd=4780
Polynomials
1. Rootsofapolynomial[Primefactorizationofapolynomial,Integerrootsofapolynomial,Allrealroots
ofapolynomial]
a. Problems
i. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8273&rd=10798
ii.POLYEQ,ROOTCIPHonSpoj
2. LagrangeInterpolation
a. Problems
i. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=10239
ii.http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=8725
e.Permutationcycles
SuggestedReading
1. ArtofComputerProgrammingbyKnuthVol.3
Problems
1. ShuffleMethod,PermutationandWordGameontopcoder.
f.GroupTheory
BernsideLemma,Poliastheorem
1. SuggestedReading
a. Hernstein'stopicsinalgebra
b. http://petrmitrichev.blogspot.com/2008/11/burnsideslemma.html
2. Problems
a. TRANSPonspoj
b. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=9975
b. Generatingfunctions
SuggestedReading
1. HerbertWilf'sgeneratingfunctionology
2. RobertSedgewickandFlajoulet'sCombinatorialanalysis

10.DataStructures.
i. Basic
a. Arrays/Stacks/Queues:
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/STPAR/
2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/SHOP/
3. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/WATER/
Reading:
1. CLRS:section10.1
2. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=dataStructures

b.Singly/DoublyLinkedList:
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/POSTERS/
Reading:CLRS:section10.2,MarkAllenWeiesChapter3
c.HashTables:
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/HASHIT/
2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/CUCKOO/
Reading:CLRS:Chapter11,MarkAllenWeiesChapter5
d.Circularlinkedlist/queue
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/CTRICK/
e.Binary/naryTrees
Reading
1. CLRS:section10.4
2. CLRS:Chapter12
3. MarkAllenWeiesChapter4
4. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=binarySearchRedBlack
f.Heaps
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/PRO/
 2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/EXPEDI/
Reading:MarkAllenWeiesChapter6
ii.Advanced
a. Trie(Keywordtree)
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/MORSE/
2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/EMOTICON/
Reading
b. Intervaltrees/SegmentTrees
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/ORDERS/
2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/FREQUENT/
Reading
c. Fenwick(BinaryIndexed)trees
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/MATSUM/
Reading:http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=binaryIndexedTrees
d. Disjointdatastructures
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/BLINNET/
2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/CHAIN/
Reading:
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=disjointDataStructure
2. MarkAllenWeiesChapter8
e. RangeminimumQuery(RMQ)
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/GSS1/
Readinghttp://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=lowestCommonAncestor
f. Customizedinterval/segmenttrees(AugmentedDS)
Problems
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/GSS3/
2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/RRSCHED/
Reading:CLRS:Chapter14(augmentedDS)
g.AVLTrees
Problems
1.https://www.spoj.pl/problems/ORDERS/
Reading

iii.Miscellaneous(Nottobecovered)
a. SplayTrees
b. B/B+Trees
c. kdTrees
d. RedblackTrees
e. SkipList
f. Binomial/Fibonacciheaps

iv.Exercices
1. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/LAZYPROG/(Hint:Heaps)t
2. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/HELPR2D2/(Hint:IntervalTrees)
3. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/SAM/(Hint:Heaps)
4. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/PRHYME/(Hint:Trie)
5. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/HEAPULM/(Hint:IntervalTrees)
6. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/CORNET/(Hint:Disjoint)
7. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/EXPAND/
8. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/WPUZZLES/
9. https://www.spoj.pl/problems/LIS2/

11.SearchTechniques/Bruteforcewritingtechniques/Randomizedalgorithms.
a. Backtracking[Beginner].
problems>
1. Nqueensproblems
2. KnightsTour
3. SudokuProblem
4. TilingProblem.
5. 15puzzle.
b. DancingLinksandAlgorithmXgivenbyKnuth[Advanced]
problemsPRLGAME,SUDOKU,NQUEENonSPOJ
Suggestedreading
1. http://wwwcsfaculty.stanford.edu/~uno/papers/dancingcolor.ps.gz
c. BinarySearch[Beginner].
poblemsAGGRCOWonSPOJ.Referthetutorialformoreproblems.
findingallrealrootsofapolynomialusingbinarysearch.[intermediate].
SuggestedReading
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=binarySearch
d. TernarySearch[Intermediate].
problems
1. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/KPPOLY/
2. http://www.codechef.com/DEC09/problems/K1/
3. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=4705&rd=7993
4. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=7741&rd=10671
5. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=6464&rd=9994
6. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=3501&rd=6529
7. http://www.topcoder.com/stat?c=problem_statement&pm=4567&rd=6539
e. Meetinthemiddle[Intermediate].
problems
1. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/MAXISET/
2. http://acm.zju.edu.cn/onlinejudge/showProblem.do?problemCode=2868
f. HillClimbing[Advanced].
g. RegularIterationtoreachafixedpoint[Advanced].
NewtonRaphsonmethodtofindrootofamathematicalfunction.
Iterationstosolvelinearnonhomogeneoussystemofequations.
h. RandomizedAlgorithms[Intermediate]
QuickSort.
12.Generalprogrammingissuesincontests>
a. ArithmeticPrecision[Beginner].
SuggestedReading
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=integersReals
b. Representingsetswithbitmasksandmanipulatingbitmasks[Beginner].
SuggestedReading
1. http://www.topcoder.com/tc?module=Static&d1=tutorials&d2=bitManipulation
problemsrefertothetutoriallinkinSuggestedreadingsection.
reshareno