Surface Chemistry Resonance Note
Surface Chemistry Resonance Note
Surface Chemistry Resonance Note
Adsorption Theory of Heterogeneous 2. On the basis of D.M. : Colloidal solution are classified
Catalyst : as
This theory explain the mechanism of heterogeneous D.M. Name of colloidal system
catalyst. This theory is combination of two theory, Water Hydro sol or aqua sol
intermediate compound formation theory and the old Alcohol Alco sols
adsorption theory, the catalytic activity is localised Benzene Benzo sols
on the surface on the catalyst. Air Aero sols
Examples : Let us consider addition of H2 gas to * Aquadag & oildag are colloidal solution of graphite
ethelene in presence of Ni catalyst, the reaction take in water & oil respectively.
places as follows. * Colloidal solution are often termed as sol.
3. On the Basis of interaction of D.P. for D.M. : There
are two types :
(i) Lyophilic colloids / liquid loving sols / intrinsic
colloid. The colloidal solution in which the particles
of the dispersed phase have a great affinity (or love)
for the dispersion medium, are called lyophilic
colloids. The common examples of lyophilic colloids
are glue, gelatin, starch, proteins, egg albumin, rubber,
etc.
(ii) Lyophobic colloids / solvent hating colloid /
extrinsic colloid. The colloidal solutions in which
there is no affinity between particles of the dispersed
phase and the dispersion medium are called lyophobic
Colloid Solution :
colloids. For example, the solution of metals like Ag
Colloid State : A substance is said to be in colloidal
and Au, hydroxides like Al (OH)3, Fe(OH)3, metal
state when the size of the particle of disperse phase
sulphides like As2S3
is greater than particle of true solution and less than
Distinction between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids
that of suspension solution particle, their range of
diameters between 1 and 1000 nm (10–9 to 10–6 m). S.No. Property Lyophilic colloids Lyophobic colloids
Colloid solution : It is a heterogeneous system 1 Ease of There are easily These are formed only
preparation formed by direct by special methods
consisting of 2 phase :
mixing.
(1) Disperse Phase (D.P) : The phase which is 2 Reversible or These are reversible in These are irreversible
dispersed through the medium is called dispersed irreversible nature in nature.
phase or discontinuous phase or internal phase. nature
(2) Dispersion Medium (D.M) : A medium in which
3 Particles The particles of The particles are
colloidal particles are dispersed is called dispersion
nature colloids are true aggregates of many
medium. It is also known as continuous phase or molecules but are big molecules
outer phase or external phase. in size
Colloidal solution = D.P. + D.M. 4 Stability These are very stable These are unstable
Ex. In Gold sol, Gold is D.P and water is D.M. and require traces of
stabilizers
Re duction
2 AuCl3 3 SnCl2 3 SnCl4 2Au(sol)
Re duction
AgNO3 + tannic acid silver sol.
NH2NH2 can also be used as reducing agent. (Fig. : Bredig's Arc method)
*Sol of gold is also known as purple of cassius.
(c) Ultrasonic dispersion : Ultrasonic vibration
(iv) Hydrolysis : A colloidal sol of metal hydroxides (having frequency larger than audible range) can bring
like Al(OH)3 or Cr(OH)3 is obtained by boiling a dilute about the transformation of coarse suspension or
solution of FeCl3 , AlCl3 or CrCl3 . liquids like oil, mercury etc. into colloidal range.
FeCl3 + 3H2O Fe(OH)3 (sol) + 3HCl ; *This is the latest method for preparation of metal
oxides and metal sulphide sols from their coarse
AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 (sol) + 3HCl
suspension.
The colloidal sol of sillicic acid is also obtained by
*It is a suitable technique for oils also. This method
hydrolysis of dilute solution of sodium silicate with
also comprises both dispersion and condensation.
hydrochloric acid.
(d) Peptization: The term has originated from the
Na4SiO4 + 4HCl Si(OH)4 (sol) + 4NaCl. digestion of proteins by the enzyme pepsin.
(b) Physical methods : The following physical Peptization may be defined as (the process of
methods are used to prepare the colloidal solutions. converting a precipitate into colloidal sol by shaking
Example :
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