STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS OF 30 M HIGH MAST

DESIGN PARAMETERS:
1 Mast Height , H = 30 m
2 Top diameter,D2 = 200 mm
3 bottom diameter,D1 = 600 m
4 Section thickness = 0/0/4/5/6
5 Lumineries = Type Number
BGENF 22R 9
LED AOL 1
6 Shielding factor = 0.6
7 Head Load = 397 kg
8 Head area = 1.11 sqm
9 Force co-efficient Cf, for head frame = 1
10 Mast Cross section = 20 sided polygon
11 Grade of shaft material = S355J0
12 Yield stress of shaft material ( s y ) = 355 Mpa
13 Force coefficient (Cf) for shaft = 0.733
14 Basic wind speed = 47 m /sec
15 Terrain category & structure class = 2B
16 Stastical probability factor (K1) = 0.9
17 Terrain, height & structure size factor (K2) = 1.10 As per Table 2, IS.875
18 Topography factor ( K3) = 1.00
19 Design Wind Speed = 47 x 0.9x1.1 x 1 = 46.53 m /sec

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF 30 M HIGH MAST:

1 Method of design = Limit state (Plastic design)
(Ultimate & Serviceability limit state)
2 Safety factor for dead load in ultimate limit state ( γdf) = 1

3 Safety factor for dead load in serviceability limit state (γ df) = 1

4 Safety factor for wind load in ultimate limit state (γ wf) = 1.25

5 Safety factor for wind load in serviceability limit state ( γwf) = 1

6 Safety factor for materials (γm) = 1.15

7 Safety factor for bolts (γmb) = 1.25
8 Elastic modulus (E) = 205 KN /sq.mm
9 Wind load on structure to conform = IS.875 -Part 3 -1987
10 General construction to conform Technical Report No. ----------------------By The Institution of Lighting Engineers,High Mas

11 General design procedure to = Technical Report No. --------------------

conform

ANALYSIS OF FORCES
1 CALCULATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY OF VIBRATION
Member Outer Thick Moment of Elastic Member D / T
 Joint Height H Member Outer Dia Moment of Elastic Member
No length d1 Thick T Inner dia d2 Inertia I Modulus Z Weights
(m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (cm4) (cm3) (kg)
10 30.0 200 4.00 192.00 1183.23 118.32
3.30 222 4.00 214.00 70.97
9 26.7 244 4.00 236.00 2172.07 178.04
3.40 267 4.00 259.00 88.21
8 23.3 289 4.00 281.00 3636.97 251.69
3.30 311 4.00 303.00 99.94
7 20.0 333 5.00 323.00 6930.30 416.23
3.30 355 5.00 345.00 142.42
6 16.7 377 5.00 367.00 10109.67 536.32
3.40 400 5.00 390.00 165.60
5 13.3 423 5.00 413.00 14342.37 678.13
3.30 445 5.00 435.00 179.04
4 10.0 467 6.00 455.00 23088.06 988.78
3.30 489 6.00 477.00 235.85
3 6.7 511 6.00 499.00 30349.15 1187.83
3.40 533 6.00 521.00 265.13
2 3.3 556 6.00 544.00 39205.85 1410.28
3.30 578 6.00 566.00 279.31
1 0.0 600 6.00 588.00 49387.24 1646.24

Moment of inertia at mid-height = 12106 cm4

Natural frequency due to weight of mast - ωoc = 2.716 radian/sec
Natural frequency due to weight of luminaires - ω ol = 2.635 radian/sec

Rayleigh quotient

1 = 1 + 1 = 0.280
ω o2 ωoc2 ωol2

ωo = 1.890 radian/sec

Combined Natural frequency = 0.301 Hz

no = ωo/2π

2 CALCULATION OF MAGNIFICATION FACTOR

Mean hourly wind speed = 28.34 m/s

Natural frequency (n0) = 0.011

Mean hourly wind speed (V10)

Assume log decrement = 0.2

Response factor (β) = 1.43
Size reduction factor (δ) = 1-0.006 ( mast ht - 3) = 0.838
Magnification factor = 1.20

3 CALCULATION OF WIND PRESSURE

 V= 47 m/s K1 = 0.9 K3 = 1.00

Joint Height H Member Factor K2

No. length Design speed Pressure qh Effect. Eqh
(m) (m) VH in m/s N / sq.m N / sq.m
light
fitting 30 1.100 46.53 1299.025 1558.83
10 30
3.3 1.092 46.192 1280.221 1536.26
9 26.7
3.4 1.075 45.473 1240.676 1488.81
8 23.3
3.3 1.058 44.754 1201.752 1442.10
7 20
3.3 1.04 43.992 1161.178 1393.41
6 16.7
3.4 1.02 43.146 1116.946 1340.34
5 13.3
3.3 0.993 42.004 1058.602 1270.32
4 10
3.3 0.98 41.454 1031.060 1237.27
3 6.7
3.4 0.98 41.454 1031.060 1237.27
2 3.3
3.3 0.98 41.454 1031.060 1237.27
1 0

4 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CALCULATION (γwf = 1.25 , γdf = 1)

Joint Horizontal Load Total

No. Wind load Total shear Moment Direct load Deflection D Moment Moment
KN / m KN KN.m KN mm KN.m KN.m
Light 2.16 Mh 3.97 ML M
Fitting
10 2.16 0 3.97 1273.62 0 0
0.31
9 3.19 8.82 4.68 924.66 1.14 9.96
0.37
8 4.45 21.81 5.57 757 2.4 24.21
0.42
7 5.84 38.79 6.57 552 3.66 42.45
0.46
6 7.36 60.57 8 380 4.92 65.49
0.5
5 9.06 88.49 9.66 238 6.18 94.67
0.54
4 10.85 121.33 11.46 134 7.28 128.61
0.56
3 12.7 160.19 13.82 60 8.22 168.41
0.6
2 14.74 206.84 16.48 15 8.91 215.75
0.65
1 16.89 259.03 19.28 0 9.18 268.21
5 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CALCULATION

Constant for
Joint Plastic Plastic M* Bending Acceptance
No. Steel grade Yield stress modulus restoring M resistance factor
Mpa Mpa cm3 KN.m Nm M/M*
Mp M*
10 S355J0 355 153.69 54.56 1.00 47.44 0.00
9 S355J0 355 230.42 81.8 1.00 71.13 0.15
8 S355J0 355 324.92 115.35 0.96 96.29 0.24
7 S355J0 355 537.96 190.98 0.98 162.75 0.19
6 S355J0 355 691.96 245.65 0.95 202.93 0.26
5 S355J0 355 873.66 310.15 0.91 245.42 0.35
4 S355J0 355 1275.20 452.7 0.94 370.03 0.28
3 S355J0 355 1530.22 543.23 0.91 429.86 0.35
2 S355J0 355 1815.07 644.36 0.89 498.68 0.40
1 S355J0 355 2117.09 751.57 0.86 562.04 0.48

Max. A.F = 0.48 should be < 1

SAFE
6 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CALCULATION (γwf = 1.0 , γdf = 1)

Joint Horizo- Load Total Acceptance

Total shear Direct load Deflection D
No. moment Moment Moment factor
KN KN.m KN mm KN.m KN.m
M / M*
1.73 Mh 3.97 ML M
10 1.73 0 3.97 1018.9 0 0 0
9 2.56 7.06 4.68 739.73 0.912 0.912 0.12
8 3.56 17.45 5.57 605.6 1.92 1.92 0.2
7 4.68 31.04 6.57 441.6 2.928 2.928 0.16
6 5.89 48.46 8 304 3.936 3.936 0.21
5 7.25 70.8 9.66 190.4 4.944 4.944 0.29
4 8.68 97.07 11.46 107.2 5.824 5.824 0.23
 3 10.16 128.16 13.82 48 6.576 6.576 0.29
2 11.8 165.48 16.48 12 7.128 7.128 0.33
1 13.52 207.23 19.28 0 7.344 7.344 0.39

Max. A.F = 0.39 should be < 1

SAFE

7 DEFLECTION CHECK AT 2/3 of Design Wind Speed

Joint. Heights in Design wind Design qh Horizon.

Wind load Total Shear Deflection D
No. VH Moment
m m/s N/sq.m KN/m KN KN.m mm
Mh
31.02 577.35 0.65
10 30 0.65 0 241.62
30.8 569.19 0.09
9 26.7 0.95 3.3 248.95
30.32 551.59 0.11
8 23.3 1.33 7.17 231.62
29.84 534.26 0.12
7 20 1.73 12.22 190.54
29.33 516.15 0.14
6 16.7 2.2 18.7 141.07
28.77 496.63 0.15
5 13.3 2.71 27.05 87.78
28.01 470.74 0.16
4 10 3.24 36.87 44.61
27.64 458.39 0.17
3 6.7 3.81 48.49 82.24
27.64 458.39 0.18
2 3.3 4.43 62.49 2.2
27.64 458.39 0.2
1 0 5.09 78.2 0

Deflection at the top of mast 242 mm

SAFE

Here deflection is checked at 2/3 of design wind speed

Deflection at the top most point is found to be less than 1/ 40 of mast height.
750 mm

FOUNDATION BOLT DESIGN

Properties of foundation bolt

Grade = TS-600
Min.Tensile Strength (fu) = 600 N/m2
Yield Stress = 405 N/m2
Bolt material factor ( γm) = 1.15
Safety factor for bolts ( γmb) = 1.25
Diameter (φ) = 30 mm
Number equally spaced (nn) = 16 nos.
Pitch Circle diameter (P.C.D) = 740 mm
Pitch of bolt (p) = 3.5 mm
As of bolt = 706.86 mm
2

Nominal Diameter of bolt (d) = 26.4 mm

An of bolt = 546.15 mm
2

Characteristic strength in tension (fu) = 600 N/m2

Ultimate Bolt Capacity

In Tension (Tdb = Tnb/γmb _x0001_) = 235.94 kN

(0.9 ƒu An < ƒy As (γmb/γm))
In Bearing (Vdpb = Vnpb / _x0001_γmb) = 196.58 kN
(2.5 kb d t ƒu)
In Shear (Vdsb = Vnsb / _x0001_γmb) = 149.53 kN
(ƒu nn An /γ3)

Mast section properties

Diameter (D1) = 600 mm
Section thickness = 6 mm
Inner diameter D2 = 588 mm
Section area = 11196.64 mm2
Bending Stress @ mast bottom = 160.8 N/m2
Max. Tension in one bolt (Tb) = area of mast x stress x D1 -
N x pcd x magnification factor
Max. Tension in one bolt (Tb) = 59.866 kN THUS, SAFE
Max. Compression in one bolt (Vpb) = area of mast x stress x D1 +
N x pcd x magnification factor
Max. Compression in one bolt (Vpb) = 64.644 kN THUS, SAFE
Max. Shear in one bolt (Vsb) = Total Horizontal force on mast
nn
Max. Shear in one bolt (Vsb) = 1.06 kN THUS, SAFE

Check for Combined Stress = (Vsb/ Tb)2 + (Vdsb/ Tdb)2 <

= 0.01 THUS, SAFE

FOUNDATION BOLT LENGH

Diameter of bolt = 30 mm
Embedded length of bolt = 700 mm
Threaded length = 150 mm
Total length of bolt = 850 mm
Grade of concrete = M-20
Permissible bond stress = 1.2 N/mm2
Permissible bearing stress = 9 N/mm2
Tensile force resisted by bolt = 79.17 kN
through bond stress SAFE

DESIGN OF BASE PLATE

Grade of steel = E 250
Yeild strength = 240 Mpa
Max.compressive force /unit length of base plate = (4 M / P.C.D +W) / π x P.C.D)
631.92 N/m

Assume base plate size = 840 mm circular

Max.bearing pressure (w) = 2.6 N/m2
OK
Cantilever span = 120 mm
Max. cantilever bending moment = 18720 N-mm/m
Permisssible bending stress in the plate (s bs) = 180 N/m2

Thickeness of plate required = 24.98 mm

 Thickness provided = 30 mm
Provide 30 mm thick base plate

FOUNDATION DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF 30 M HIGH MAST

A DESIGN PARAMETERS

1 Gross Soil Bearing Capacity : 10.00 T/m2

2 Ground Water Table : Ground Level
3 Grade of concrete : M- 20
B LOADS AT BOTTOM OF MAST AS PER ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

1 Max.wind pressure (Wp) : 1299.025 N/m2

Wp = 0.06 x Vd x Vd
2 Total wind force on luminaire (Wfl) : 1441.92 N
Wfl = Awt x Wp
3 Unit wind pressure at the top of the mast : 189.7 N/m
(Wt) = Sf x d x Wp
4 Unit wind pressure at the bottom of the mast : 568.98 N/m
(WB) = Sf x D x Wp
5 Net wind pressure on complete mast : 11380.2 N
(Wnet) = ((Wt + Wb)/2) x Ht
6 Total horizontal force on complete mast : 13.52 kN
7 Over turning moment at base of the mast : 202.8 kN-m

Thus various forces acting on the foundation are as follows

1 Downward/ Vertical load of the mast 2297.00 kg
system (Fv) 2.30 T
2 Total horizontal force 1352 kg
3 Moment at the base of the foundation 19378.67 kg-m

ASSUME A FOUNDATION OF THE FOLLOWING SIZE

TOWER BASE PLATE

GL GL 300

1600

300

100
3300

Size of Pedestal (L1,B1) = 1.200 m

Height of pedestal (H1) = 1.90 m
Height of pedestal above ground level(h1) = 0.30 m
Size of raft (L2,B2) = 3.30 m
Thickness of raft (H2) = 0.30 m
depth of foundation above PCC & below FGL = 1.90 m

Check for Soil pressure

Density of Concrete = 2.50 T/m3 1.50
Weight of foundation (Wf)
= Weight of pedestal + Weight of raft = 15.01 T
Density of soil = 1.65 T/m3 0.65
Weight of soil acting on raft (Ws) = 24.95 T

Thus total vertical load acting on the soil below foundation is

F' v = Weight of system + weight of foundation + weight of soil
= Fv + Wf + Ws = 42.26 T

The Design verification for safe bearing pressure as follows.

Section modulus Z = L2 x B2^2/6

Z = 5.99 m3
Soil pressure = [(P / L 2X B2) +/- (M/Z)]
Pmax 7.12 T/m2
Pmin 0.65 T/m2
e (M/P) 0.46 m
B x 3(B2/2-e) 7.79 m
% of Foundation in contact with ground 93.52 %
(Under submerged condtion) 7.30 T/m2
< 10.00 SAFE

0.65
7.12

Check against overturning

Factor of safety = Restoring moment(due to D.L ) / Over turning moment
Restoring moment for 50 % of soil weight = F2 v x L2 /2 *0.9
= 62.76 T-m
Factor of safety = 3.24 > 1.50 SAFE

Check against sliding

Sliding force = 1.352 T
Coefficient of friction ( tan10 ) = 0.176
Frictional capacity = 7.69 T
Factor of safety = 5.69 > 1.50 SAFE

Check for buoyancy

Total Weight Under submerged condition F2 = 21.14 T
Buoyant force = (L2*B2)*H2 + (L1*B1*H1)*Yw = 6.003 T
Safe in Buoyancy

DESIGN OF PEDESTAL
Pedestal size = 1200 X 1200
Check for L/D = 2.75
Design as Pedestal
Load on pedestal -P = 9.14 T
Moment @ bottom of pedestal -M = 20.108 T-m
Assume Cover = 50 mm
Pu / fck bd = 0.01
Mu / fck bd2 = 0.01
d' /D Refer design aids of concrete, Chart 43 = 0.04
p / fck = negligible
pt (Provide a min of 0.15% steel.) = negligible %
Consider diameter of bar = 12 mm
Assume Pt = 0.27 %
Nos of Bar Required = 36
ptACt = 0.28%
8 Tor Rings at c/c of = 190 c/c 190 c/c

Provide 36 tor 12 mm steel as longitudinal reinforcement & tor 8 mm ties @ 190 c/c.

Z of pedestal = 1/6 * B^3 = 2.88E+08 mm3

Direct Stress Due to P (P/A) scc,cal = 0.01 N/m2
scc <5 SAFE
Bending Stress due to M (M/Z) scbc,cal = 6.98E-01 N/m2
scbc < 6.5 SAFE
Combined Stress = (scc,cal / scc + scbc,cal / scbc ) = 1.09E-01 N/m2
<1 SAFE
DESIGN OF RAFT

1050 1200 1050

0.65 Critical Section 7.12

6.47

SOIL PRESSURE DIAGRAM

Effective cantilever span 1.05 m

Soil Pressure @ critical section 4.41 T/m2
Net Max. Cantilever moment @ bottom 2.17 T-m/m
5.12*1.05^2/2+0.5*(7.3-5.124)*1.05*1.05*2/3-2.64*1.05^2/2
Mu = 32.55 kN-m/m
Assume Cover = 50 mm
d = 300-50-10/2 = 245 mm
Mu / bd2 = 0.542 N/mm2
Pt = 0.163 %
Pt act = 0.210 %
Ast/m = 398 mm2
Consider diameter of bar = 10 mm
Spacing of bars = 160 mm

21 tor 10 bothways @ bottom

Soil Pressure from top = 2.64 T/m2
Max. Cantilever moment on top = 0.73 T-m/m
Mu at top = 10.91 kN-m/m
Mu / bd2 = 0.182
Pt = 0.055 %
Pt act = 0.140 %
Ast/m (Provide Ptmin=0.12%) = 360 m2
Consider diameter of bar = 10 mm
Spacing of bars = 250 mm

14 tor 10 bothways @ top

CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR

Critical section is at 'd ' from face of column.

1200 1050
1050
0.65 critical section
7.12

SOIL PRESSURE DIAGRAM

Distance of critical section for one way shear from edge = 0.805 m
Soil Pressure at the critical section = 5.38 T/m2
Max. shear force = 4.33 T/m
Factored shear force = 64.96 kN/m
Shear stress = 0.27 N/mm2
b= 11.038
Permissible shear stress = 0.333 N/mm2 SAFE

CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR

Critical section is at 'd/2 ' from face of column.

1200 1050
1050

0.65 critical section 5.378 7.12

2.382

SOIL PRESSURE DIAGRAM

Distance of critical section for two way shear from edge = 0.93 m
Soil Pressure at the critical section 5.12 T/m2
Max. shear force = 34.15 T 13.44
Factored shear force = 512.25 kN
B0 = 1425.00 mm
Shear stress = 0.25 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress = k k s √Tc
= 0.25 x 20^0.5
= 1.12 N/mm2 SAFE
---------------By The Institution of Lighting Engineers,High Mast Lighting
D/T

50.00

61.00

72.25

66.60

75.40

84.60

77.83

85.17

92.67

100.00
W
N

W
N

1.0
 30
3.3

26.7
3.4

3.3 23.3

3.3 20

3.4 16.7

3.3 13.3

3.3 10

3.4 6.7

3.3 3.3
Md = βbZpfd
fy = 355 N/mm2
D/t 50
ε= 0.84
42ε2 29.64
52ε2 36.7
146ε2 103.02