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    Mechanical Properties Handouts

    Uploaded by

    Charles Wang
    Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy through elastic deformation. It is calculated as the area under the elastic region of the stress-strain curve. Common materials like steel and rubber have high resilience while materials like acrylic polymers have lower resilience. Strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure and is determined from the stress-strain curve. High strength materials include steel and aluminum while low strength materials include wood and bone. Yield strength determines the transition between elastic and plastic deformation, and is the stress at the end of the initial linear region of the stress-strain curve. High yield strength materials include steel and silk while low yield strength materials include polypropylene and brass.

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    Mechanical Properties Handouts

    Uploaded by

    Charles Wang
    43 views6 pages
    Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy through elastic deformation. It is calculated as the area under the elastic region of the stress-strain curve. Common materials like steel and rubber have high resilience while materials like acrylic polymers have lower resilience. Strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure and is determined from the stress-strain curve. High strength materials include steel and aluminum while low strength materials include wood and bone. Yield strength determines the transition between elastic and plastic deformation, and is the stress at the end of the initial linear region of the stress-strain curve. High yield strength materials include steel and silk while low yield strength materials include polypropylene and brass.

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    Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy through elastic deformation. It is calculated as the area under the elastic region of the stress-strain curve. Common materials like steel and rubber have high resilience while materials like acrylic polymers have lower resilience. Strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure and is determined from the stress-strain curve. High strength materials include steel and aluminum while low strength materials include wood and bone. Yield strength determines the transition between elastic and plastic deformation, and is the stress at the end of the initial linear region of the stress-strain curve. High yield strength materials include steel and silk while low yield strength materials include polypropylene and brass.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    43 views6 pages

    Mechanical Properties Handouts

    Uploaded by

    Charles Wang
    Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy through elastic deformation. It is calculated as the area under the elastic region of the stress-strain curve. Common materials like steel and rubber have high resilience while materials like acrylic polymers have lower resilience. Strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure and is determined from the stress-strain curve. High strength materials include steel and aluminum while low strength materials include wood and bone. Yield strength determines the transition between elastic and plastic deformation, and is the stress at the end of the initial linear region of the stress-strain curve. High yield strength materials include steel and silk while low yield strength materials include polypropylene and brass.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Resilience

    Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy in the process of elastic deformation. Resilience
    is found by calculating the area under the elastic region of the stress-strain curve.

    Resilience of Common Materials

    Material Resilience
    (103 N/m2)
    Steel 232-2200*
    Copper 36
    Rubber 2070
    Acrylic polymer 28

    *
    Steel is an alloy composed mainly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by
    weight. Grades are used to classify steel according to its composition, and different grades will have
    different mechanical properties.

    Example Calculation of Resilience

    Resilience = 4.06 MPa

    Questions

    1. What are some applications that require high resilience?

    2. What are some applications that require low resilience?


    Strength

    Strength is a measure of a material’s resistance to deformation. The strength is the maximum amount of
    stress the material can be subjected to before failure. In other words, the strength is the maximum stress
    on the stress-strain curve. The tensile strength can be determined using a tensile test (pulling or
    elongating the material), and the compressive strength can be determined using a compression test
    (pushing or compressing the material).

    Strength of Common Materials

    Material Strength
    MPa (106 N/m2)
    Steel 400-800
    Aluminum 300-500
    Glass 30-50
    Concrete 10-40
    Wood 50
    Bone 170
    Polypropylene 20-80

    Determining strength using a stress-strain curve

    Strength = 370 MPa

    Questions

    1. What are some applications that require high strength?

    2. What are some applications that require low strength?


    Yield strength

    The Yield Strength determines the transition from elastic to plastic deformation in a material. Elastic
    deformation is characterized by no permanent change in shape. In this region, when stress or strain is
    applied, the material adapts; the moment the stress or strain is removed, the material returns to its
    original shape (like a rubber band). When the material undergoes elastic deformation, stress is
    proportional to strain and the plot of these two variables is linear. On the other hand, plastic deformation
    is characterized by permanent deformation. In this region, the material cannot recover its original shape.
    For example, plastic deformation of a polymeric material is needed during the production of plastic
    cups. Yield strength provides information about the stress that materials can withstand before deforming
    permanently. The yield strength is reported as the stress corresponding to the end of the initial linear
    region of the stress- strain curve.

    Yield strength of Common Materials

    Material Yield strength


    MPa (106 N/m2)
    Steel 250-500
    Aluminum 50-400
    Silk 500
    Copper 70
    Brass 200
    Bone 100-130
    Polypropylene 10-40

    Example Calculation of Yield Strength

    Yield strength = 280 MPa

    Questions

    1. What are some applications that require high yield strength?

    2. What are some applications that require low yield strength?


    Toughness

    Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy in the process of deformation. Toughness is
    found by calculating the area under the stress-strain curve until the material reaches failure. The
    opposite of toughness is brittleness – a brittle material has low toughness.

    Strength of Common Materials

    Material Toughness
    MPa (106 N/m2)
    Steel 50
    Aluminum 36
    Concrete 0.8
    PMMA 1
    Polystyrene 0.9

    Determining toughness using a stress-strain curve

    Toughness = 24 MPa

    Questions

    1. What are some applications that require high toughness?

    2. What are some applications that require low toughness?


    Young’s Modulus

    The Young’s modulus (also called the elastic modulus) is a measure of the stiffness or elasticity of the
    material. In the elastic region of the stress-strain curve, stress is proportional to strain, and the plot of
    stress vs. strain is linear. The slope of this region is the Young’s modulus. The units of Young’s
    modulus are the same as the units of pressure. The tensile Young’s modulus can be determined using a
    tensile test (pulling or elongating the material), and the compressive Young’s modulus can be
    determined using a compression test (pushing or compressing the material).

    Young’s Modulus of Common Materials

    Material Young's Modulus


    GPa (109 N/m2)
    Steel 200
    Aluminum 70
    Glass 65
    Concrete 30
    Wood 13
    Bone 9
    Polystyrene 3

    Example Calculation of Young’s Modulus

    Δσ 200 − 100
    𝐸= = = 10,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
    Δε 0.02 − 0.01

    Questions

    1. What are some applications that require a high Young’s modulus?

    2. What are some applications that require a low Young’s modulus?


    Ductility

    Ductility is the ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing. Ductile materials are those
    that undergo large deformations before fracture. Changes in temperature affect the ductility of metals
    and polymers; usually an increase in temperature is related to an increase in ductility. Ductility is
    reported as the strain at failure.

    Ductility of Common Materials

    Useful structural materials have at least 5% ductility (or 0.05 if the strain is not reported as percent).
    Superplastic materials are designed to have more than 500% ductility.

    Example Calculation of Ductility

    Ductility = 0.09 = 9%

    Questions

    1. What are some applications that require high ductility?

    2. What are some applications that require low ductility?

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