Supplier Document Cover Page: Greater Enfield Subsea EPCI
Supplier Document Cover Page: Greater Enfield Subsea EPCI
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
Client : Woodside
Contractor : TechnipFMC
Document Title:
Greater Enfield - WPF-HBA-IA Fabrication-
Ultrasonic Testing Procedure for Tubular Connections
Reason for
Rev. Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by Remarks
Issue
Record of Amendment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Scope
4.0 Equipment
6.0 Couplant
16.0 Appendix 1
17.0 Appendix 2
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Note: Amendments made in this procedure (JS-UT-03 REV 0) will be represented by a side line
Date of
Rev No. Section No. Section Title Para No. Amendment Details
Amendment
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1.0 SCOPE:
1.1 This procedure is prepared to examine the base metal and fusion welded tubular TKY Connections in
structural steels by Manual Ultrasonic Contact Method using pulse echo technique in accordance with API-
RP-2X as Recommended by AWS D1.1 2015 Edition Annex Q.
1.2 For TKY tubular joints associated with the scope of works are limited to >325mm diameter, wall
thickness is 12mm and above, and local dihedral angles of 30° or greater. This procedure may be used for
smaller sizes if it is qualified using mock-up tests.
4.0 EQUIPMENT
4.1 Ultrasonic Flaw Detector shall be Portable; Pulse echo unit with rectified A – Scan display (E.g.,
Krautkramer– USM-35X , Olympus Epoch 650 or equivalent).
4.2 Straight beam search units shall be of standard manufacturer, Single or Twin crystal with nominal
frequency of 2.5 – 5 MHz crystal diameter of 10 – 15mm.
4.3 Single crystal Angle Beam search units with a nominal frequency as per API RP 2X Sections 7.5.2(c)
and 7.7.1- 2-2.25 MHz is recommended, however higher frequency probes may be used.
4.4 Selection of probe diameter (or size) and frequency are decided by their combination. Beam spread is
function of probe size (larger probes result in reduced spread) and frequency (higher frequencies result in
reduced beam spread).
5.0 REFERENCE BLOCKS
Reference blocks shall be used according to API RP 2X
5.1 IIW (V1) Block
5.2 V2 (Din 54122) Block
5.3 IOW Beam Profile Block
6.0 COUPLANT
Light machine oil or cellulose paste shall be used as couplant. Calibration shall be done with the same
couplant as that used for examination.
16 dB 16%
18 dB 12%
20 dB 10%
Deviations up to 5% above the 50% amplitude height and up to 2% below the 50% amplitude height will
be acceptable.
The 20 dB incremented switch will be correctly adjusted so as to provide the same amplitude with the
same gain value, but at varying switch positions.
As the use of suppression drastically affects the amplitude linearity. The use of suppression will be
avoided.
Horizontal Linearity of the time base is essential over the full width of the screen, any deviation will not
exceed 1% of the full scale deflection in use.
Time base linearity will be tested by the setting of a test range of 100mm time base of the screen after
first setting four signals on 25mm thickness, any deviation greater than 1 mm will be unacceptable.
7.1 In addition to the above, the ultrasonic operator shall carry out following equipment checks prior to
conducting any test.
7.1.1 Probe Resolution
7.1.1a Place 0° compression probe on the V1 (IIW) Block as shown in the figure 1.1. The echoes from the
bottom of the milled slot at 85mm and from the steps at 91mm and 100mm shall be clearly
discernible on the screen.
Figure 1.1
s
diu
Ra
m
0m
10
V1 (IIW) Block
7.7.1b Place shear wave probes on the IOW Beam Profile Block (figure 1.1A) with the beam directed
towards the series of 5 side drilled holes. At least 3 of the series shall be clearly discernible.
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
Figure-1.1A
83 Surace A
48 63 50
19 13
25
25 35
IOW Block
Depth below surface to hole centres These eight depths are used as references for representation
(for the four holes used for beam profiling) of beam amplitudes in the RF Beam profiles.
Height 75 mm Top surface Opposite surface
Width 50 mm 13 62
Length 305 mm 19 56
Hole diameters 1.5 mm 25 50
Hole depths 22 mm 43 32
100m m
V1 (IIW) Block
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Place the shear wave probe (45° or 60°) on side-A of the V1 Block as shown in the figure-1.3 and maximize
the echo. The angle is indicated by the engraved numbers on the side of the block at the point directly below
the index mark. The 1.6mm hole is employed for measurements of 70° or more. It shall not deviate more
than ± 2° of nominal angle.
Beam Alignment (SQUINT): The beam will be known within + or – degree and will be recorded on the
weekly report for Ultrasonic Flaw Detector Checks.
Figure 1.3
Perspex
1.6mm hole
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
9.3 Reposition the probes in order to get the double skip distance echo and maximize it (Refer Fig.2.2).
Mark the signal on the screen.
9.4 Join the two points together in a straight line marked across the screen (Refer Fig.2.3).
Line 1
80%FSH
Line 2
TCF
Figure 2.3
9.5 Without altering the gain control setting, transfer the probes to the surface of the test piece. Using the
same method described above, obtain peaked signals at full and double skip distances. Join the peaks
together in a straight line on the flaw detector screen.
9.6 The difference in dB between the two lines at comparable time base range represents the transfer
correction factor.
9.7 The transfer correction factor shall be added to the primary reference level prior to the commencement of
examination.
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10.7.1 Basic Sensitivity. Reference level screen height obtained using maximum reflection from the 0.060
in. [1.5 mm] diameter hole in the Type SC - Sensitivity Reference Block as described in the following
Figure.
The primary reference reflectors are side drilled hole of 1.6mm diameter for welds other than T K Y welds
and for internal reflectors from T K Y welds as shown figure 2.4 (Reference Para 7.10.2 of API RP 2X &
Figure 43).
API RP 2X suggests the primary reference reflectors for T K Y weld root reflectors be a square buttress
notch on a similar material plate of thickness 1 to 2 times nominal thickness of pipe tested.
2/3 point reference DAC curve shall be made by maximizing response for the side drilled hole reference
reflector. Both 20% and 50% curves shall be produced.
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
Figure 2.4
General Notes:
• The dimensional tolerance between all surfaces involved in referencing or calibrating shall be within 10.005 in. [0.13
mm] of detailed dimension.
• The surface finish of all surfaces to which sound is applied or reflected from shall have a maximum of 125 pin. r.m.s.
• All material shall be ASTM A 36 or acoustically equivalent.
• All holes shall have a smooth internal finish and shall be drilled 90º to the material surface.
• Degree lines and identification markings shall be indented into the material surface so that permanent orientation can be
maintained.
The sensitivity level shall be adjusted to provide for attenuation loss throughout the range of sound path to
be used by either distance amplitude correction curves, electronic means, or as described in 10.7.3. Where
high frequency transducers are used, the greater attenuation shall be taken into account. Transfer correction
may be used to accommodate UT through tight layers of paint not exceeding 0.25 mm in thickness.
Figure 3 Figure 4
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11.3 Thickness measurement: The thickness of each member from which scanning is to be achieved
should be determined and recorded for use in the flaw location determinations.
11.2 Scanning shall be performed perpendicular to the weld axis to find out longitudinal defects using 70°,
60° or 45° shear wave probes.
11.3 Scanning shall be done from 0 to 1½ skip + 1 weld cap distance as shown in figure 5.1 through 5.5.
11.4 Probe movement during scans shall be a combination of lateral and traversing actions as given in
figure-6. Each scan shall overlap by at least 10%. Rotational and orbital probe movements shall be used for
assessment of indications.
11.5 Transverse scanning shall be carried out from weld cap if possible. Alternately scanning shall be
done on the parent metal adjacent to weld at an angle of <15° to the weld axis (refer figure 6).
For initial scanning, the sensitivity shall be increased by 12 dB above that established in 10.7.3b. Indication
evaluation shall be performed with reference to the standard sensitivity.
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Scan 4
Scan 2-45º/60º/70º
Scan 1 - 0º
Scan 5
half skip
Scan 1, 2, & 3
Full skip
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Note:
A. Maintain beam direction perpendicular to weld during every scan.
B. The Y – Joint consists 3 zones
1. Toe Zone
2. Transition zone
3. Heel zone
C. The K–Joint is nothing but of combination of two Y–Joints. Therefore it can be treated as Y – Joints.
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
11.8.4 The transition zone always accompanied with curvature effects of both branch and main member that
lead to increased beam paths and increased skip distances compared to plates. Therefore suitable curvature
correction shall be made as described below:
Method-1
Take two probes of the same angle, frequency, and size. Pick up the full V-signal by placing one as a
transmitter and the other as a receiver. Measure the distance between probe exit points, and beam path from
the CRT, when the signal from the transmitter is maximized on the CRT (see Figure 5.6).
Draw the skip distance and beam path on the plotting card and determine the effective angle using protractor
(see Figure 5.7).
Method-2
Another method of determining the corrected beam angle is to use the distance between the index points in
the following equation:
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
A− B
Tanθ =
2T
Where:
θ = effective beam angle.
T = material thickness.
A–B = distance between index points as depicted on the plotting card in Figure 5.7
Method-3
The beam path distance taken from the screen also may be used to determine the effective beam angle by
using the following equation:
2T
Cosθ =
BP
Where:
θ = effective beam angle.
T = material thickness.
BP = Beam path distance taken from the screen.
Method-4
Alternately, a profile gauge and/or lead wire can be used to take the curvature along the line of scanning, and
then the curvature profile is transferred to a paper. Then another line is drawn using the same profile gauge
or lead wire without altering it corresponding to the internal wall.
The profile gauge and/or lead wire can be used in such a way to take the profile of the branch member,
weldment and main member together.
Draw tangent along the outer surface of the profile. Then use a protractor to mark probe angle (45°, 60° or
70°). Draw a line from top to bottom surface along the marked probe angle.
Measure the distance between both surfaces. It is the beam path corresponding to the curvature. Effective
angle can be calculated using formula given in the method -3.
Using this technique a full scale curvature with weld can be obtained. It needs extensive practice to get
adequate accuracy. Refer Figure-5.8
Method-5
The Thickness-OD ratio chart shown in figure-5.9 & figure-5.10 also can be used to get curvature correction.
This is more suitable for circumferential scanning of pipes.
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
Figure 5.6
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JS-UT-03_REV_0
2.0
B e a m p a th M u ltip lie r ( B P 2 /B P 1 )
80°
70°
1.8 60°
45°
1.6 35°
1.4
1.2
t/D
0.001 0.0020.003 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3
Thickness Divided by OD
Figure 5.9 – Skip Distance Adjustment for Circumferential Beam Path
2.1
2.0
SDx 80° 70° 60° 45° 35°
1.9
1.8
SkipDistance Multiplier
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.001 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4
Thickness Divided by OD
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Notes:
1. Testing patterns are all symmetrical around the weld axis with the exception of pattern D which is
conducted directly over the weld axis.
2. Testing from both sides of the weld axis is to be made wherever mechanically possible
11.8.5 Before starting the test, at least 3 profiles should be taken from transition zone, long point and short
point. Estimation of expected beam paths & skip distance for root and main member back wall echoes
should be made by plotting.
11.8.6 Place the probe at transition zone so that maximum reflection from the main member back wall is
received. Verify the skip & beam path distances from the plotting made in Para 11.8.5.
It is very useful for Y&K-joints, because it always presents most of the time. This echo serves as a guide for
the entire testing. Any indication before this is possibly a discontinuity.
The root indication appears approximately one main member thickness before the main member back wall
echo. It is essential during weld examination for UT operators to be alert for changes in intercept angles and
avoid 30-degree incidence on potential discontinuities which cause mode conversion and a loss of echo
signal amplitude. (Refer to API RP 2X section 7.8 for the effects of surface geometry on the incident angle.
The main member back wall indication and root indication on the CRT will move towards right hand side as
the probe move away from the weld cap.
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All indications greater than 50% of reference including root should be carefully plotted and evaluated in leg-
I.
All indications before the main member back wall should be carefully plotted and evaluated in leg-II.
12.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS
12.1 Tubular Connections:
Discontinuities shall be evaluated by use of a combination of beam boundary and amplitude techniques.
Sizes shall be given as length and height (depth dimension) or amplitude, as applicable. Amplitude shall be
related to “standard calibration.” In addition, discontinuities shall be classified as linear or planar versus
spherical, by noting changes in amplitude as the transducer is swung in an arc centered on the reflector.
The location (position) of discontinuities within the weld cross section, as well as from an established
reference point along the weld axis, shall be determined.
Recommended sizing techniques are specified in accordance with API RP 2X section 7.9.3.5.
The popular method of determining the length of reflector by defining the ends when the CRT echo signal
has dropped to half (6 decibels) results in an overestimation of reflector is less than the cross sectional width
of the sound beam. This error can be reduced by using a 20 decibel drop and subtracting the 20 decibel half-
beam widths as discussed in 7.9.3.2 of API RP 2X.
This will still lead to a slight overestimation because the beam spread has been derived from a linear and not
a point reflector. However, the 20 decibel beam profile is very near the extreme edge of the beam, and the
error is small.
12.9 Repair:
Welds found unacceptable by UT shall be repaired. Repaired areas shall be retested ultrasonically with
results tabulated on the original form (if available) or additional report forms.
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a. Spherical reflectors shall be as described in Class R, except that any indications within the
following limits for linear or planar shall be acceptable.
b. Linear or Planar reflectors shall be evaluated by means of beam boundary techniques. The
indications exceeding the limits of figure 6.1) shall be rejected.
c. The root area shall be defined as that lying within ¼” (6mm) or tw/4, whichever is greater, of
the root of the theoretical weld as shown in figure 6.
15.0 REPORT OF EXAMINATION
15.1 Examination results will be reported in Jasscan format.
15.2 A sketch depicting cross-sectional area and location, and depth shall be made for all rejectable
discontinuities.
15.3 All restricted areas that are not scanned with complete coverage shall be reported with full
explanation of restriction
Notes:
1. See Table 3.6 for dimensions tw, L, R, W, ω, Φ.
2. Minimum standard flat weld profile shall be as shown by solid line.
3. A concave profile, as shown by dashed lines, shall also be applicable.
4. Convexity, overlap, etc. shall be subject to the limitations of 5.24.
5. Branch member thickness, tb, shall be subject to limitations of 2.21.6.7.
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Appendix-1
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Appendix-2
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UT INSTRUMENT DETAILS
Instrument Make : Calibration Due :
Instrument Sl. No. : Cal BlockType/Sl.No. :
Couplant : Screen Range :
Cable : Sensitivity Setting :
Probe Probe Serial No Frequency Size Angle Type Reference dB TR Loss dB
RESULT SHEET
Length Tested
Defect Length
Defect Depth
Identification
From Datum
Total Length
welder No.
Thickness
Remarks
Joint No.
Result
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
S.No
Weld
“The results reported herein have been performed in accordance w ith the laboratory’s terms of accreditation under the Singapore Accreditation
Council-Singapore Laboratory Accreditation Scheme”
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