7-Element Yagi REPORT
7-Element Yagi REPORT
7-Element Yagi REPORT
Project
DESIGN OF 7-ELEMENT YAGI-UDA
ANTENNA
Antenna is a transducer that transmits or receives electromagnetic waves. In other words, the antenna is
the transitional structure between free-space and guiding device. Antennas generally deal in the
transmission and reception of radio waves, and are necessary part of all radio equipment.
They are used in systems such as radio and television broadcasting, point to point radio communications
wireless LAN, cell phones, radar and satellite communications
Yagi-Uda antenna is the most commonly used type of antenna for TV reception over the last few decades.
It is the most popular and easy-to-use type of antenna with better performance, which is famous for it is
high gain and directivity. It was first invented by Shintaro Uda a great role played by Hidetsugu Yagi.
The Yagi-Uda antenna consists of single driven element connected to the transmitter and or receiver with
a transmission line, and additional elements (parasitic elements) which are not connected to the
transmitter or receiver. These elements are a single reflector and number of directors.
The driven element of the Yagi is the feed point where the feed line is attached from the transmitter to the
Yagi antenna, the reflector is placed at the rear of dipole and it prevents antenna from sending backward.
The directors are the shortest of all elements they are used to provide the antenna with directional pattern.
CST is a software package which can simulate and solve all electromagnetic problems from lower
frequencies to Microwave it has seven different studios that can be used in many applications like
designing, analyzing, solving and so on and they are MW studio, EM studio, Design studio, Particle
studio, MPHYSICS studio, Cable studio and PCB studio.
Perfect electric conductor (PEC) is an idealized material exhibiting infinite electrical conductivity or
equivalently zero resistivity. While PEC materials don’t exist in nature the concept is that it’s useful
model for compared to the others.
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2 OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this project are to design and simulate 7-element Yagi-Uda antenna that will
operate in the frequency of 500MHz and has a bandwidth about 3% of the frequency used. SWR less then
2 with respect to the 50 Ω line transmission. And a maximum gain which has greater than 12 dBi in the
whole band of operation.
After designing and simulation of the design I m going to show the following requirements
3 MATERIALS USED
I have used CST STUDIO SUIT software to design, simulate and analyze the 7-element Yagi-Uda
antenna. Within the software I have also used different materials i.e. perfect electric conductor (PEC)
material which I used to my whole design of the project except the excitation port Gap which I used a
Vacuum material.
4 PROCEDURES
In the design of 7-element Yagi antenna for getting the required gain results you have to take the
following dimensions
Note: all the dimensions depend on the central frequency that is the wave length (λ).
𝑪 𝟑× 𝟏𝟎𝟖
λ = 𝒇 = 𝟎.𝟓× 𝟏𝟎𝟖 = 6 m
Also, we are going to design 3-element and 5-element Yagi-Uda antennas that we are going to compare
their results with our design results of the 7-element Yagi-Uda antenna.
We have about 95% of the required result in the design of 7-element Yagi-Uda antenna and the
Results are taken as figure from the CST software.
Polar
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3D-plot
S-parameters
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Input Impedance
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Antenna results (5-Element Yagi-Uda)
Far field monitoring
Polar
3D-plot
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S-parameters
Impedance
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7-element Yagi-Uda antenna
Mesh convergence error
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Polarization
Circular
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Linear
Input impedance
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VSWR
Gain analyzes
Front-to-Back ratio
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6 PROBLEMS/QUESTIONS
There are many problems that I have met during this project.
The most frequently problem is the Trade of between parametric updates whenever I change a parameter
looking for better results some of the result will be as wanted and some others will not.
So, the question is: why these things happen?
I am here recommending to advance and develop this project into a better level and do it as a real not only
by simulation and I wish it should be so easy.
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