SC Physics Formulas
SC Physics Formulas
SC Physics Formulas
Radius of Earth 6.378 × 10 m 6 Convex negative negative (opposite side) virtual, erect 4
q
Concave positive p<f negative (opposite side) virtual, erect 5
positive (same side) real, inverted 6 6
DYNAMICS p>f
NEWTON’S LAWS
1. First Law: An object remains in its state of rest or motion with h h h
F
q h h
F V V V V F V F
constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force. F
F F
p p p p q p q
dp q
2. Second Law: Fnet = ma F = q
2 4
dt 1 3 5
3. Third Law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
CONSTANT
–
Dot product a · b = ax bx + ay by + az yz MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE
(θ is the angle between a and b) = ab cos θ
ACCELERATION
Linear momentum p = mv vf = v0 + at ACCELERATION
Cross product |a × b| = ab sin θ Impulse J = �Ft = ∆p 1 a (m/s2)
axb vavg = (v0 + vf )
a × b points in the a J= F dt = ∆p 2 +
direction given by a
1
the right-hand rule: COLLISIONS s = s0 + v0 t + at
2
b b
All collisions m1 v1 + m2 v2 = m1 v1� + m2 v2�
1 t (s)
= s0 − vf t + at
a × b = (ay bz − az by ) î + (az bx − ax bz) ĵ + (ax by − ay bx ) k̂ Elastic collisions 2
1 1 1 1
� �
� ax ay az ��
= �� ax
�
ay bz �� 2 2 2
2
m1 v12 + m2 v22 = m1 (v1� ) + m2 (v2� )
2
2 = s0 + vavg t –
� î ĵ k̂ �
v1 − v2 = − (v1� − v2� ) vf2 = v02 + 2a(sf − s0 )
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WAVES ELECTRICITY
Amplitude A Frequency f Wavelength λ Period T Angular frequency ω ELECTROSTATICS
q1 q2 1 q1 q2
1 2π 2π Coulomb’s Law F =k =
T = = ω = 2πf = r2 4πε0 r 2
f ω T
Wave speed v = f λ Fon q
Electric field E= F = Eq
q
Wave equation
W
y(x, t) = A sin(kx − ωt) = A sin 2π λx − t
� � ��
T Potential difference ∆V =
q
TM
SPARKCHARTS
WAVE ON STRING CIRCUITS
mass
Tension in string FT Length L Mass density µ = ∆Q
length Current I=
� ∆t
FT L
Speed of standing wave v= Resistance R=ρ
µ A
2L V
Wavelength of standing wave λn = Ohm’s Law I=
n R
SOUND WAVES Power dissipated by resistor P = V I = I 2R
Anna Medvedovsky
r �
µ0 I (d� × r̂)
$5.95 CAN
1 dt
ωf = ω0 + αt ωavg = (ω0 + ωf ) v=0 v = max v=0
2 U = max U = min U = max MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS
KE = 0 KE = max KE = 0
1
θ = θ0 + ω 0 t + Qenclosed
�
αt equilibrium
2 Gauss’s Law E · dA =
$3.95
position ε0
= θ0 + ωavg t �s
MASS-SPRING SYSTEM Gauss’s Law for magnetic fields B · dA = 0
4
ωf2 = ω02 + 2α(θf − θ0 )
Restoring force F = −k(∆)x �s
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∂ΦB ∂
�
∆x is the distance the spring is stretched or E · ds = − =− B · dA
20593 36340
MOMENTS OF INERTIA (I ) Faraday’s Law
c ∂t ∂t s
compressed from the equilibrium position,
Report errors at
�
Moment of inertia I= r 2 dm
�
and k is the spring constant. Ampere’s Law B · ds = µ0 Ienclosed
1 �c
particle sphere Elastic potential energy Ue = k(∆x)2 ∂
�
1 1 2 Ampere-Maxwell Law B · ds = µ0 Ienclosed + µ0 ε0 E · dA
MR 2 MR 2 ML2
R
2 R 12
�
m c ∂t s
R R
Period T = 2π
k
GRAVITY
2
MR 2 MR 2 L
5
ring disk rod Equation of motion x = A sin(ωt)
m1 m2
7
�
TORQUE AND ANGULAR where ω = 2π
T
= k
m
is the angular frequency Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation F =G
r2
MOMENTUM and A = (∆x)max is the amplitude.
GM Earth
Torque τ = F r sin θ Acceleration due to gravity a= 2
dL τ =r×F THERMODYNAMICS rEarth
τ =
dt τ = Iα 1. First Law GM m
Gravitational potential U (r) = −
∆ (Internal Energy) = ∆Q + ∆W r
Angular momentum L = pr sin θ 2. Second Law: All systems tend �
GM
L=r×p L = Iω spontaneously toward maximum entropy. Escape velocity vescap e =
r
∆Qout
Rotational KE rot = 12 Iω 2 Alternatively, the efficiency e = 1 −
∆Qin KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION
kinetic energy
of any heat engine always satisfies 0 ≤ e < 1.
1. Planets revolve around the Sun in an elliptical path with the Sun at one focus.
GAS LAWS 2. The imaginary segment connecting the planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time.
Universal Gas Law P V = nRT Boyle’s Law P1 V1 = P2 V2 3. The square of the period of revolution is directly proportional to the cube of the length of
P1 V1 P2 V2 P1 P2 the semimajor axis of revolution: T 2
Combined Gas Law = Charles’s Law = is constant.
T1 T2 T1 T2 a3
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