Calorimetry Theory (Compatibility Mode)
Calorimetry Theory (Compatibility Mode)
Calorimetry Theory (Compatibility Mode)
Chapter ΔQ ∝ m
ΔQ ∝ ΔT
∴ ΔQ ∝ m (ΔT)
ΔQ = m s (ΔT)
CALORIMETRY
s is a constant of proportionality and is called specific heat capacity
or simply specific heat of the material of the substance.
specific heat of a substance may be defined as the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of unit mass of the substance
through unit degree.
Specific heat of water = 1 cal g–1 K–1
= 1000 cal kg–1 K–1
= 1000 × 4.18 J kg–1 K–1
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Molar Specific Heat or Molar Heat Capacity HEAT CAPACITY OR THERMAL CAPACITY
Molar specific heat of a substance is defined as the amount of heat
Thermal capacity of a body is defined as the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of one gram mole of the substance
through a unit degree required to raise the temperature of the (whole) body through 1°C or
1K.
It is represented by C, and is measured in cal. G mole–1 °C–1 or cal. g
ΔQ = sm (ΔT)
mole–1 K–1 or J g mole–1 K–1.
thermal capacity, S = s × m × 1
C=Ms
Hence thermal capacity
p y of a body y is the pproduct of mass and
ΔQ ΔQ specific heat of the body. It is measured in JK–1 or cal °C–1.
s= =
m ( Δ T) n M ( Δ T)
ΔQ ⎞
C = Ms = 1 ⎛
n ⎝ ΔT ⎠
1 ΔQ ⎞
C= ⎛
n ⎝ ΔT ⎠
1
z There are three states of a matter : solid, liquid and gas. The
WATER EQUIVALENT conversion of one of these states of matter to another is called the
change of state.
Water equivalent of a body is defined as the mass of water which
would absorb or evolve the same amount of heat as is done by the z There are two common changes of
body in rising or falling through the same range of temperature. states of matter
(i) solid to liquid or liquid to solid.
To raise the temperature of m gram of a body through temperature (ii) liquid to gas or gas to liquid
range ΔT, amount of heat required is
ΔQ = sm (ΔT) z The process of change of state from
solid to liquid is called melting and
The same amount of heat (ΔQ) is required to raise the temperature from liquid to solid is called fusion.
of w gram of water through the same range (ΔT), then
ΔQ = w (ΔT) z Both the solid and the liquid states of
the substance coexist in thermal
ΔQ = w (ΔT) = s m (ΔT) equilibrium during the change of states
w=sm from solid to liquid. The temperature at
which the solid and liquid states of the
Water equivalent of the body is equal to the product of mass of the
substance are in thermal equilibrium
body and specific heat of the body.
with each other is called melting point
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2
LATENT HEAT
z Latent heat of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to
change the state of unit mass of the substance from solid to liquid
or form liquid to gas/vapour without any change in temperature.
z To change state of a substance from solid to liquid or liquid to solid,
amount of heat exchange required is
Q = m Lf
where Lf is Latent heat of fusion.
z To change state of a substance from liquid to gas or gas to liquid,
amount of heat exchange required is
Q = m Lv
where Lv is Latent heat of vaporization.
z To change state of a substance from solid to gas or gas to solid,
amount of heat exchange required is
Q = m Ls
where Ls is Latent heat of sublimation.
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