The Csec Helper
The Csec Helper
The Csec Helper
& TIMELINE
Integrated Science
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
1
Table of Contents
TO THE SCIENCE TEACHER 3
INTEGRATED SCIENCE 5
PHYSICS 9
BIOLOGY 20
CHEMISTRY 35
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THIRD FORM CHEMISTY COURSE OUTLINE 35
FORTH FORM CHEMISTRY COURSE OUTLINE 39
FIFTH FORM CHEMISTRY COURSE OUTLINE 47
LOWER SIXTH FORM CHEMISTY COURSE OUTLINE 51
UPPER SIXTH FORM CHEMISTY COURSE OUTLINE 54
INTEGRATED SCIENCE 55
SBA has limited the freedom of critical thinking in experimentation at the 4th and 5th form level for various reasons. The labs at the
grooming stage should not be overly guided. Instead carry out the labs in this fashion:
1. Each chapter offers two plan & design labs. Prior to class, provide all the materials and equipment needed for both labs on a corner
table.
2. Place students in effective groups. For large size classes, have students lock 4 seats together neatly allowing space around each
group. Allow the groups to name themselves, such as ‘Little Einstein’s’, etc.
3. Only 1 designated student from each group should be allowed to the Materials Table. Emphasize care when doing so.
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3. Firstly, introduce all the materials and equipment and explain their general use.
3. Next, introduce the problem and allow students to discuss how they would solve the problem. Have each group briefly try to figure
out a way to solve the problem. Then, openly ask each group what they discussed.
4. Even though each group will work together, encourage students question each other’s ideas.
4. Give students a few pointers and tips about the background and concept of the lab. But don’t give too much away.
5. Using their lab books as a guide, allow the students to get to work, choosing their own materials to experiment with.
6. Students should at this point have several questions, walk by each group and briefly offer help. (Note the questions and write them
with the answers on the board as you go along).
8. MOTIVATION: Award stickers are found at the back of the book. One effective motivator is to create a Science Trophy. (It could
be as simple as a juxtaposed test tube and thermometer glued to a wooden base) At each class, the top scoring student or group will
keep the trophy and the group will be happy to display it on their desks.
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INTEGRATED SCIENCE
FIRST FORM SCIENCE COURSE OUTLINE
2. NATURE OF MATTER
• Physical properties of matter; particulate nature of matter • States of matter • Effects of temperature on matter 3. Energy • Forms of energy •
Energy conversions • Sources of energy- renewable and non-renewable • Energy Conservation
4. CELLS
5. • Plant and Animal cells- organelles and their functions (Emphasis on the nucleus, DNA, gene and chromosomes)
• Similarities and differences between plant and animal cells • Specialized plant and animal cells • Contribution of cells in organisms
• Irresponsible living • Drug use and abuse; effects on human body and society • Responsible sexual behavior and healthy living
9. Plant reproduction
• Sexual reproduction in plants • Asexual methods of reproduction in plants • Vegetative propagation of plants • Importance of plants
• Greenhouse effect and Global Warming; gases and their sources • Climate change and its effects in the Caribbean • Man’s impact on climate
change; positive and negative aspects • Role of environmental protection agencies
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SECOND FORM SCIENCE COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
Structure of specialized cells Function of specialized cells (Emphasis on the nucleus, DNA, genes and chromosomes)
1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Adaptations of a leaf to carry out photosynthesis • Importance of photosynthesis to trap energy from the sun to make food • To investigate the
factors responsible for photosynthesis • Energy released from food in cellular respiration • Interdependence of plants and animals • Flow of energy
through plants and animals; food chains and food webs; transfer of energy between trophic levels • Impact of human activities on food chains and
food webs • Carbon, Nitrogen and Water cycles in the environment
2. FOOD TESTS
• Protein, starch, fat and reducing sugar in foods
4. MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES
Osmosis and diffusion
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• Structure and care of the teeth • Processes in human nutrition-ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion • Food digestion and
absorption
8. SPACE SCIENCE
Construction of technological devices for space exploration Connection between the concepts of universe, galaxy and stars Planetary systems of
some stars Physical characteristics of the Solar System Eclipses of the sun and the moon The role of gravity in determining the motion of planets
Use of the light year to solve simple problems
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PHYSICS
THIRD FORM PHYSICS COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
1. Define density
2. Determine density
- Perform experiment to determine the density of a stone .
3. Calculate the relativity density
Pressure - Two weeks
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Work and energy - Two weeks
1. Define power
2. Define the watt
3. Use p=e/t or w/t to perform calculations
- Perform experiment to determine personal power Test
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FORTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
Graphs
Plot, interpret and use graphs of experimental data. 5. Measurement To determine the density of three Jan Wk 3 MM/
Draw a line of ‘best fit’ for a set of plotted values. liquids AI
Determine the gradient and intercept of a straight line
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graph.
Vectors
Forces
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AI
Investigate the relationship between extension and 12. Hooke’s Law To test the validity of Hooke’s law Mar Wk ORR
force, for springs and elastic bands. Solve problems 2
/MM
involving the proportional relationship between a force
and the extension it causes. (Using Hooke’s Law)
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Use of Newton’s laws to explain dynamic systems
Definition of linear momentum Application of the law
of conservation of linear momentum
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FIFTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
3. Radioactivity: Marie Curie’s work in the field of 18. Radioactivity Form 5 – Radioactive decay and average
radioactivity, radioactive emission, α emissions, β half life
emission, Y emission, penetrating power range, effect
in the magnetic and electric field, ionization power,
half life
3. Electrical quantity: power and energy, the need for 19. Power Form 4 – To determine the power of Apr Wk 2 Dr
reduction in wastage of electrical energy and means of each students working and running up a
doing so fight of stairs
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4. Circuit and components: simple circuit diagrams,
circuit symbols, cells, I-V relationships, resistance,
parallel and series circuits, electricity in the home
5. Electronics: half wave rectifier, differences between 20. Current- Form 5 – Current-Voltage (IR) relationship Current
direct current and alternating current, V-t graph for d c Voltage through a resistor -
and a c currents, logic gates Voltage
Wave Motion
3. Sound Waves: Production and propagation, speed of 21. Sound Form 5 – Speed of sound in air May ORR
sound, audio frequencies Waves Wk 3
7. Lens: Actions of lenses, image formation, 22. Convex lens Form 5 – Focal length of a convex lens MM
experiments to find the focal length of a convex lens,
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optical instruments (camera, magnifying glass,
projector)
Module 1
Module 2
1. Harmonic Motion
2. Properties of Waves
3. Physics of the Ear and Eye
Module 3
2. Thermal Properties
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3. Heat Transfer
• Electrical Quantities • Electrical Circuits • Electric Fields • Capacitors • Magnetic Fields • Magnetic Forces • Electromagnetic
Induction
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BIOLOGY
THIRD FORM BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
Recognize that each sense organ is made up of cells sensitive to only one kind of stimulus
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Describe how long-sightedness is corrected
Simple activities to distinguish among the ‘pitch’, ‘amplitude’ and ‘quality’ of a sound
Identify the organs in the Central Nervous System and give their functions
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Plants
Describe the tissue of the transport system for a plant and their functions
Describe the processes of transport in plants i.e. diffusion, osmosis, cohesion, adhesion
Name the organs of the transport system for humans and explain its functions
List the functions of blood Explain why blood functions as a transport medium in animals
Draw diagrams of the human circulatory system include structure of the heart and blood vessels
Show a willingness to take care of their circulatory system by recording in their journals the measures they have taken to care for this
system
Classify the diseases of the circulatory system as pathogenic, physiological, hereditary or deficiency diseases
Suggest ways in which the individual can prevent or minimize the occurrence of these problems
Identify disorders of the circulatory system that arise from structural problem and those that arise from functional problems
Realize that all the needs of a developing embryo are supplied by the female parent
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Appreciate that the characteristics that make an organism unique are determined by the makeup of the male cell and the female cell
from the parents
State the functions of the placenta, amniotic fluid and uterus wall in the growth and protection of the human embryo Identify and
describe the main stages of childbirth
State that nutrients pass to the embryo along the umbilical cord and that this is also the route along which disease organisms, drugs
and other dangerous materials can pass Identify the effects of diet, alcohol, drugs and cigarette smoking on the developing embryo
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decomposers • Introduce Sampling Techniques –
quadrat, line transect, bottles, nets, capture, mark release
and recapture
Ecology II
• Types of soil • How is soil formed? • Characteristics of 4. Soils Form 4 - INTRODUCTION TO Nov Wk 1 AI
soil types • Importance of soil to organisms • Soil MM & AI LAB
erosion • Fertilizers Title: Water Holding Capacity
5. Soils Form 4 – Air Content Nov Wk 1 MM
Cells
• Review of cells • Structure of animal and plant cells •
Differences between plant and animal cells • Specialized
cells • Electron micrograph of typical plant and animal
cell • Structure of bacterium and protist (Amoeba)
Movement of Particles 6. Movement Form 4 - INTRODUCTION TO Nov Wk 3
at MM & AI LAB
Molecular Diffusion
Level
(Diffusion,
Osmosis
• Review of diffusion, osmosis and active transport 7. Movement Osmosis Nov Wk 4 MM/AI
at
Molecular
Level
(Diffusion,
Osmosis)
Photosynthesis
• Structure of leaf • Adaptations of the leaf • Types of 8. Photosynthe Form 4 – Photosynthesis Dec Wk 1 AI
Nutrition • Stages of Photosynthesis • Factors affecting sis
rate of photosynthesis • Mineral nutrition in plants
Planning and Design Labs 9. P&D Form 4 - PROPOSAL LAB Dec Wk 1 P/D
• How to do P&D labs • Practice labs
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TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH
Nutrition in Animals
• Review of nutrients and functions • Review of 10. Food Test Form 4 - Food Tests Jan Wk 3 ORR
balanced diet • Review of vegetarianism • food tests /MM
Enzymes
• What are enzymes? • Properties of enzymes • ‘Lock 11. Photosynth Form 4 – Enzymes Feb Wk 2 Dr
and Key’ hypothesis • Effect of pH, temperature and esis
substrate concentration on enzymes
Digestion
• Structure and function of the teeth • Structure and 12. Nutrition & Form 5 – Causes of Decay Feb Wk 3 ORR
function of the alimentary canal Disease
Man’s Impact On The Environment Presentation
• Pollution – land, air and water • Renewable and non- 13. Ecological Form 4 – Visit to Mar Wk 2 AI
renewable resources • Recycling – conservation • Study (Mangroves/National Reserve)
Greenhouse effect • Eutrophication
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FIFTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
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Differences between continuous and discontinuous
variation in populations • Formation of new species •
Differences between natural and artificial selection •
Role of natural selection in biological evolution •
Genetic engineering and its use to change the traits of an
organism • Advantages and disadvantages of genetic
engineering.
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21. Germination Form 5 – Effect of light on the Feb Wk 2 AI
growth rate of plants.
Fruit Formation
• Formation of fruits • Dispersal of fruits
Reproduction in Animals
• Structure and function of male and female
reproductive system • Menstrual cycle • Fertilization
and implantation • Embryo development • Functions of
amniotic sac, amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord •
Birth control
Aspects of Biochemistry
• Structure and properties of water • Relationship between the structure and function of the following carbohydrates: glucose, sucrose,
starch, glycogen and cellulose • Structure and function of the following lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids • Protein structure and
function: amino acids, bond formation, protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary), haemoglobin and collagen as
examples
Cell Structure
• Function of membrane systems and organelles found in animal and plant cells o Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum o Golgi
body o Mitochondria o Ribosomes o Lysosomes o Chloroplasts o Cell membrane o Nuclear envelope o Centrioles o Nucleus o
Nucleolus • Comparison of typical plant and animal cell • Structure of prokaryotic cell • Comparison of prokaryotic cells with
eukaryotic cells • Concepts of tissue and organ using the dicotyledonous root as an example
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Membrane Structure and Function
• Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure • Membrane processes: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport,
endocytosis and exocytosis
Enzymes
• Definitions of metabolism, catabolism, anabolism • Properties of enzymes • Mode of action of enzymes – induced fit hypothesis •
Effects of temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on enzyme activity • Effects of competitive and
noncompetitive inhibitors on enzyme activity
• Structure of RNA and DNA • DNA replication • Protein synthesis – transcription and translation • Roles of RNA and DNA in
protein synthesis • Relationship between DNA structure, protein structure and the phenotype of an organism • Relationship between
DNA, chromatin and chromosomes
• Phases of mitosis – interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis • DNA replication in relation to genetic
stability • Role and importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction • Define – homologous pairs of chromosomes,
haploid, diploid • Phases of meiosis – interphase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase
II, telophase II, cytokinesis • Meiosis contributing to genetic variation
Patterns of Inheritance
• Define – gene, allele, dominant, recessive, codominant, homozygous, heterozygous • Use genetic diagrams to solve – monohybrid
crosses, dihybrid crosses • Use Chi-square test to check results of genetic crosses • Determine if observed results match expected
ratios using Chi-Square test
• Variation in sexually produced organisms • Define – gene and chromosome mutation • Mutation bringing about genetic variation –
Sickle-cell anaemia, Down’s Syndrome • Importance of heritable variation to selection • Environmental factors as forces of natural
selection – resistance to antibiotics, peppered moth • Natural selection as an agent of change or constancy – direction, disruptive and
stabalising selection • Natural selection bringing about evolution – Darwin’s theory, observation and conclusions • Biological species
concept – definition and limitation • Speciation – isolating mechanisms, allopatric and sympatric speciation
• Explain asexual reproduction – discussing binary fission, budding, spore formation, fragmentation, vegetative propagation, tissue
culture • Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction • Principles and importance of vegetative propagation – using cuttings
and tissue culture as examples
• Structure of anther and formation of pollen • Structure of ovule and formation of embryo sac • Promotion of cross-fertilisation •
Genetic consequences of sexual reproduction • Pollination to fertilization – significance of double fertilization • Development of seed
and fruit
• Structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems • Gametogenesis – oogenesis, spermatogenesis • Structure and
function of sperm and ovum • Hormones regulation gametogenesis • Menstrual cycle • Fertilization and implantation • Contraceptive
methods – development based on human reproductive anatomy and physiology • Structure and function of placenta • Function of
amnion • Possible effects of maternal behaviour on foetal development – nutrition, drug and alcohol abuse, cigarettes
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UPPER SIXTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
MODULE 1: BIOENERGETICS
• Define terms – ecosystem, habitat, ecological niche • Energy flow in an ecosystem – food chains, food webs • Efficiency of energy
transfer between trophic levels • Biological pyramids – numbers, biomass, energy, limitations of each • Nitrogen cycle • Difference
between energy flow and nutrient cycling • Importance of energy flow and nutrient cycling in an ecosystem
• Structure of a dicotyledonous leaf, palisade cell and chloroplast – relate structure to function in photosynthesis • Process of
photophosphorylation – production of ATP and reduced NADP, O2 as byproduct • Calvin cycle – stages, production of triose sugar
using ATP and reduce NADP • Limiting factors in photosynthesis – temperature, pH, CO2 concentration, water, light etc., improving
plant productivity
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• Outline of the breakdown of glucose in respiration • Structure and function of the mitochondria in respiration • Process of glycolysis
• Link reaction • Krebs cycle – significance in ATP formation • Oxidative phosphorylation • Fate of pyruvate in absence of oxygen –
alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation
• Ecosystems as dynamic systems – interaction between biotic and abiotic factors • Biodiversity – genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity • Importance of the maintenance of biodiversity – intrinsic, direct and indirect values such as medicinal, natural products,
tourism • Importance of species diversity in the stability of an ecosystem • Use of in situ and ex situ conservation methods to maintain
biodiversity – protected areas, reserves, seed banks, botanic gardens, zoos, sperm banks, gene banks, embryo banks
• Structure of roots, uptake of ions by active transport • Entry and transport of water in plant roots – 3 pathways • Structure and
function of xylem vessels • Ascent of water in plants – root pressure, cohesion and adhesion, transpiration pull • Role of stomata in
transpiration
• Phloem and sieve tube structure • Translocation of food – source to sink, loading of sieve tubes • Mass/Pressure Flow Hypothesis •
Evidence for and against the hypothesis
• Need for a circulatory system • Open and closed systems • Blood vessels – capillaries, veins, arteries; relate structure to function •
Structure of the heart • Cardiac cycle • Maintaining the heart’s rhythmic beat • Definitions – pulse, blood pressure • Factors affecting
blood pressure • Nervous and hormonal control of heart rate • Role of haemoglobin in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport • Oxygen
dissociation curves • Effect of carbon dioxide on oxygen dissociation curves (Bohr effect)
Immunology
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• Define – immune response • Mode of action of phagocytes • Origin and maturation of B- and T-lymphocytes – compare, include
function of different types of B and T cells • Difference between humoral and cell-mediated immune responses • Role of memory cells
in long term immunity – B and T memory cells • Molecular structure of an antibody related to function • Differences between active
and passive immunity, natural and passive immunity • Role of vaccines • Monoclonal antibodies – what are they, use in diagnosis and
treatment
• Concept of homeostasis – receptors, effectors, feedback mechanism etc. • General principles of hormonal action in animals –
ductless glands, target cells and receptors • Insulin and glucagon function in relation to blood glucose concentration • Effect of
ethylene on fruit ripening • Commercial use of ethylene to supply market-ready fruit
• Need to remove nitrogenous and other metabolic waste products • Structure of the kidney and nephrons • Function of the kidney –
excretion, Osmoregulation, role of ADH • Clinical significance of glucose and protein in urine
Nervous Co-ordination
• Structure of motor and sensory neurons • Nerve cell membranes in establishing and maintaining resting potential • Conduction of an
action potential along the nerve membrane – speed of transmissions • Synaptic transmission – structure of cholinergic synapse • Role
of synapse
• Define health – physical, mental, social • Categories of disease or illness – physical, mental, social, chronic, infection, degenerate,
inherited, self-inflicted, deficiency; examples of each • Regional distribution of AIDS, diabetes and cancer – discuss reasons
• Causative relationship among diet, obesity and diabetes – concept of balanced diet, BMI, Type 1 and 2 diabetes • Effects of fats on
the cardiovascular system – atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke • Effects of exercise and maintaining a
physically fit body – long-term and short-term consequences, VO2 max, cardiac efficiency • AIDS and Dengue fever – mechanisms of
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infection, causative agent, transmission, social and economic impact regionally and the social, economic and biological factors in their
prevention and control
Substance Abuse
• Define – drug abuse, legal and illegal drugs, physiological and physical dependence • Short-term and long-term consequences of
alcohol consumption on the liver • Social consequences of excessive alcohol use • Effects of the components of cigarette smoke on the
respiratory and cardiovascular systems
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CHEMISTRY
THIRD FORM CHEMISTY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
States of Matter
Explain that the particles in solids, and gases have different arrangements and have different forces between them
Deduce that substances are made up of minute particles that cannot be seen with the naked eye-particulate nature of matter
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Infer that there are spaces between the particles of a substance
Carry out experiments to demonstrate diffusion and osmosis Use diffusion and osmosis experiments as evidence of the particulate
nature of matter
Perform activities to show the differences, the melting points of pure and impure matter
Infer whether matter is pure or Impure based on melting point and boiling point data
State that pure matter maybe elements or compounds and impure matter are usually mixtures List examples of pure and impure matter
Identify a change as the process which results in the formation of a new substance with different properties
Acids Bases and Salts State that compounds can be classified as acids, bases and salts
Classify substances as acids and bases based on their reaction with indicators
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State that the particles of elements are atoms or molecules of the same the kind
State that the particles of compounds are atoms, molecules or ions of different kind
Identify the particles making up molecules as atoms Identify protons, neutrons and electrons as the particles making atoms
Differentiate among the sub-atomic particles (protons neutrons and electrons) on the basis of their charge, relative mass and location
Deduce that the atom is electrically neutral and explain why ions have positive or negative charges
Identify the correlation between electronic configuration and group and period number
Give the names and properties of groups I, II, VII, and VIII elements
Perform activities to identify the properties of metals and non-metals (hardness, malleability, conduction of heat and electricity luster)
Bonding
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Draw dots/cross diagrams to illustrate ionic and covalent bonding
Suggest reasons why substances rarely exist in nature State the chemical symbols for some commonly occurring elements
Interpret the notation a b X where X=symbol of the element, a=mass number, b=atomic number Describe with illustrations the
structure of the atoms with atomic number 1-10
Identify the elements present in carbohydrates, fats and proteins given their chemical formulae Differentiate between mixtures and
compounds
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FORTH FORM CHEMISTRY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
States of Matter
Evidence of particulate nature 1. Diffusion in Gases Rate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sept Wk 2 ORR
(Biology Transfer) Chloride gas
Differences between 3 states of matter
2. Diffusion in Gases Diffusion of bromine in gas jars Sept Wk 2 ORR
Physical and chemical changes
(Biology Transfer)
Pure and impure substances
Other options
a. Osmosis of Pawpaw (green) strips
in a container of distilled water.
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Heat the following ice, water, AI, ORR,
butter, Iodine (in a fume hood). MM
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Relative atomic mass
Isotopes
Arrangement of elements in the periodic
table
Structure and Bonding g.
Ionic and covalent bonding h.
Properties of ionic and covalent
compound
Formula writing
Ionic crystals, simple molecular crystals,
giant molecular crystals
Allotropes i.
Relating properties to uses and
structures
Inorganic Chemistry Other Options
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Non-metals Preparation of O2, CO2, NH3. ORR, AI,
MM
Qualitative Analysis
Identification of cations 6. Qualitative analysis identify cations - Pb2+, Al 3+, Oct Wk 1 AI, ORR, PD
Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe3+ , Fe2+, NH4
+ ,Cu2+ ;
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(c) colour of precipitate formed
when anion reacts with a solution
containing barium ions; (d)
solubility of the precipitate
formed in (c), in dilute acids.
8. Qualitative analysis identify gases - H2, O2, CO2, Nov Wk 4 ORR, AI, PD
NH3, SO2, Cl2, NO2, H2O;
Equations
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Writing chemical equations 9. Saturated and Esterification Jan Wk 3
Unsaturated
Types of chemical equations - To make Ethyl Ethanoate
Hydrocarbons
from ethanol and ethanoic
acid
11. Plan & Design Lab Plan and design an investigation Jan Wk 1 PD
of the position of element X in the
periodic table.
Definition of acid, acid anhydride, base, 12. Acids, bases and Preparation of Salts Feb Wk 3
alkali, salts, acid salts and normal salts, Salts
- Preparation of Copper
basic, amphoteric, acidic and neutral
Sulphate using Copper II
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oxides pH scale Carbonate and Sulphuric
Acid
Strong acids and strong bases
13. Volumetric Acid-Base Titration Mar Wk 2 MM, AI
Properties of acids Analysis
- Determine the concentration
Properties of bases of HCl using NaOH
Review of solubility table 14. Acids, bases and Thermometric Titration Mar Wk 3 ORR, AI, MM,
Salts PD
Preparation of salts - Determine the temperature of
neutralization of NaOH and
Neutralization reactions H2SO4
Other Options for Carry out simple exercises with ORR
Acids, bases and litmus paper and universal
Salts indicator.
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Use of universal indicator, pH ORR, PD
meter reaction with carbonates.
Limiting reagents
Standard solutions
Students are to be assigned the relevant 17. Form 4 – IMPLEMENTATION OF P&D LAB I
part of this section of the syllabus
depending on what is to be examined in
their particular examination year.
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FIFTH FORM CHEMISTRY
COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Oxidation and Reduction 18. Redox reactions and Redox Titration Sept Wk 2 ORR, MM, AI,
Electrolysis PD
Definitions of oxidation and reduction - Determine the
concentration of a FeCl2
Oxidation number using KMnO4
Common oxidizing and reducing agents (potassium chromate(VI),
hydrogen peroxide and
Substances that behave as both
potassium iodide)
oxidizing and reducing agents Industrial
extraction of iron Corrosion of metals Other Options Perform tests for oxidising and ORR, AI, MM,
reducing agents. PD
Electrochemistry
Rates of Reaction
Definition of rates of reaction 20. Rates of Reaction Determine the effect of varying Nov Wk 1 Rates of
concentration rate Reaction
Factors affecting rates of reaction
Other Options for Carry out exercises varying one AI, ORR, PD,
Collision theory Industrial preparation
Rates of reaction factor at a time while MM
of ammonia and sulphuric acid
maintaining the others constant,
Enzymes for example: (a) magnesium
strips and dilute acid; (b)
potassium iodide and hydrogen
peroxide; (c) sodium thiosulfate
and dilute acid; (d) marble
chips and dilute hydrochloric
acid.
Energetics
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Alternative energy sources
Hydrolysis of polysaccharides
Hydrolysis of proteins
Definition of polymers
Addition and condensation
polymerization
Uses of polymers
Differences between polymers and
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monomers
LAB FORMAT
Reporting Student’s ability to prepare a comprehensive written report on their assignments using the following format:
Avogadro’s law Definition of mole Molar mass Balanced equations Calculations Empirical and molecular formulae Titrimetric
analysis
Redox Reactions
Dalton’s atomic theory and process of theoretical change Structure of the atom Definition of terms Radioactive and uses of
radioisotopes Calculation of atomic masses Emission spectra Atomic orbitals Electronic configurations Factors affecting ionisation
energy Ionisation energy and subshells
Forces of attraction
Different forces of attraction Relationship between forces of attraction and states of matter Formation of different bonds Co-ordinate
bonding Intermolecular forces Shapes and bond angles in simple molecules ions Lattice structure and relation to physical properties
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Kinetic Theory
Assumptions of the theory Difference between real and ideal gas Boyle’s law Charles’ law Ideal gas equation Liquid state, melting
and vaporization
Energetics
Exothermic and endothermic processes Energy changes during reaction Energy profile diagrams Bond energy Concepts associated
with enthalpy changes Factors affecting lattice energy Hess’ law of constant summation
Rates of Reaction
Concepts associated with reaction rates Rate equations Order of reactions Graphs Half-life Boltzmann Distribution Identification of
cations and anions
Concept of dynamic equilibrium Characteristics of a system in dynamic equilibrium Equilibrium constants and equilibrium constant
expressions Le Chatelier’s principle Haber process and contact process
Acid/Base Equilibria
Bronsted – Lowry Theory Equilibrium constants Changes in pH during titration Indicators and pH ranges Selection indicators for acid
and base titrations
Buffers and pH
Definition of buffers How do buffers work Calculating pH of buffers Importance of buffers in biological and industrial processes
Solubility Products
Definition of solubility product Solubility product and common ion effect Solubility product and selective precipitation of substances
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Variation in physical properties based on structure and bonding Reaction of the elements with oxygen chlorine and water Variation in
oxidation number of oxides and chlorides Reaction of the oxides and chlorides with water Trend in acid/base behaviour of oxides and
hydroxides
Group II Elements
Properties in structure and bonding Reaction of the elements with oxygen, water and dilute acids Solubility of the sulphates Thermal
decomposition of the carbonates and nitrates Uses of some magnesium and calcium compounds
Group IV Elements
Variation in physical properties Bonding of tetrachlorides Reactions of tetrachlorides with water Trends in the oxides of oxidation
states II and IV Stability of +4 and +2 oxidation states Uses of ceramics
Redox Equilibrium
Standard electrode potential and standard cell potential Standard hydrogen electrode Measurement of standard electrode potentials
Calculation of standard cell potentials Use of standard potential of cells Application of redox processes to storage devices
Physical properties of the elements Relative oxidizing properties of the elements Reaction of the elements with hydrogen Relative
stabilities of the hydrides Reaction of the halide ions Reaction of chlorine with cold and hot sodium hydroxide
Characteristics of transition metals Electronic configuration of first row transition metal atoms and ions Physical properties of the
elements e.g. atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization energy Formation of coloured ions Properties of transition elements compared with s-
block elements Shapes of complexes of transition elements Principle of ligand exchange
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UPPER SIXTH FORM CHEMISTY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
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INTEGRATED SCIENCE
FORTH FORM INTEGRATED SCIENCE COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
Microscopy
Food and nutrition 1. Food Tests To test samples of food for the presence of Fats, Oct Wk 2 ORR/M
Starch, Reducing sugar and Non-Reducing M
Sugar.
Respiration/air pollution 2. Respiration To draw and label the external features of a Nov Wk 2 DR
and Excretion. fish’s gill.
3. Respiration To To investigate the breathing and pulse rate of Nov Wk 3 AI
and Excretion. various students
TERM TWO: JANUARY TO
MARCH
Sense organs and coordination 7. Coordination To draw and label the external features of the Feb Wk 4 DR
cow’s eye
55
Reproduction and growth 8. Production and Investigating which direction young shoots Mar Wk 1 ORR/A
growth grow. I
9. P&D I IMPLEMENTATION OF P&D I DUE Mar Wk 2 AI
Temperature control and ventilation 10. Temperature To investigate conduction, convection and Apr Wk 4 ORR/
Control radiation in matter MM
11. Temperature To investigate how a bimetallic strip works Apr Wk 4
Control
The terrestrial environment 12. Terrestrial To calculate the population of various May Wk 2 AI
Environment. organisms in the school’s garden using a
quadrant
13. Terrestrial To draw a soil profile May Wk 2 DR
Environment.
14. Earth To construct a simple seismograph to record May Wk 4
Movements earth movement.
Water and the aquatic environment 15. Aquatic To investigate whether sea water contains salt. June Wk 2
Environment.
FIFTH FORM INTEGRATED SCIENCE COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER
Pests and parasites/sanitation 16. Sanitation. To determine rate of mould growth on bread Sept Wk 3
in different environment.
Acids, bases and mixtures 18. Materials, To investigate the pH of common household Oct Wk 3 MM
Chemicals chemicals using universal indicator
Electricity and lighting 19. Materials, To investigate paper chromatography of black Nov Wk 3 DR/MM
56
Chemicals ink.
Fossil fuels and alternative sources of 21. P&D II Form 5 – IMPLEMENTATION OF P&D II Jan Wk 3 AI
energy Due
Machines and movement 22. SPORTS To determine the effects of exercise on Jan Wk 4 AI
pulse rate.
Conservation of energy 23. Generated To effectively wired a three pin plug Feb Wk 3 MM
Energy.
Forces 24. Energy, Forces To determine the location of the center of Mar Wk 2 OR
gravity an irregular shaped lamina. R
57
MARK SCHEME HELPER
Observation, Reporting and Recording (ORR)
MARKS
Tables (Numerical)
i. Headings correct
ii. ii. Attention to kinds of data
iii. iii. Details of data present
Significant figures
Calculations shown
58
Date (date of experiment)
Discussion
Conclusion
TOTAL 10 MARKS
MARKS
Background information
Explanations or interpretation
Graph or Data
accurate calculations
Logical Conclusion
59
Limitations
TOTAL 10 MARKS
DRAWING
The maximum marks available for the Drawing is 10 marks
MARKS
Clarity / Neatness
Reasonable proportions
Be two dimensional
Magnification
Title
TOTAL 10 MARKS
MARKS
60
Safety precautions observed
TOTAL 10 MARKS
MARKS
Hypothesis testable/manageable.
Aim
Method workable/suitable
Repeated measurements/averaging
Precautions taken
Controlled variable
Expected results
61
Assumptions, Sources of error/Limitations
TOTAL 10 marks
MARKS
Method
Results
Discussion
Limitation
Reflection
Conclusion
TOTAL 20 MARKS
62
PHYSICS SBA MARKS RECORD
63
64
BIOLOGY SBA MARKS RECORD
65
66
CHEMISTRY SBA MARKS RECORD
67
68
INTEGRATED SCI SBA MARKS RECORD
69
70
71