LAB & CLASSROOM SYLLABUS

& TIMELINE
Integrated Science
Physics
Chemistry
Biology

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Table of Contents
TO THE SCIENCE TEACHER 3

INTEGRATED SCIENCE 5

FIRST FORM SCIENCE COURSE OUTLINE 5

SECOND FORM SCIENCE COURSE OUTLINE 7

PHYSICS 9

THIRD FORM PHYSICS COURSE OUTLINE 9

FORTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE OUTLINE 12
FIFTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE OUTLINE 16
LOWER SIXTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE OUTLINE 18
UPPER SIXTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE OUTLINE 19

BIOLOGY 20

THIRD FORM BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE 20

FOURTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE 23
FIFTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE 26
LOWER SIXTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE 28
UPPER SIXTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE 31

CHEMISTRY 35

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THIRD FORM CHEMISTY COURSE OUTLINE 35
FORTH FORM CHEMISTRY COURSE OUTLINE 39
FIFTH FORM CHEMISTRY COURSE OUTLINE 47
LOWER SIXTH FORM CHEMISTY COURSE OUTLINE 51
UPPER SIXTH FORM CHEMISTY COURSE OUTLINE 54

INTEGRATED SCIENCE 55

FORTH FORM INTEGRATED SCIENCE COURSE OUTLINE 55

FIFTH FORM INTEGRATED SCIENCE COURSE OUTLINE ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

TO THE SCIENCE TEACHER

SBA has limited the freedom of critical thinking in experimentation at the 4th and 5th form level for various reasons. The labs at the
grooming stage should not be overly guided. Instead carry out the labs in this fashion:

1. Each chapter offers two plan & design labs. Prior to class, provide all the materials and equipment needed for both labs on a corner
table.

2. Place students in effective groups. For large size classes, have students lock 4 seats together neatly allowing space around each
group. Allow the groups to name themselves, such as ‘Little Einstein’s’, etc.

3. Only 1 designated student from each group should be allowed to the Materials Table. Emphasize care when doing so.

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3. Firstly, introduce all the materials and equipment and explain their general use.

3. Next, introduce the problem and allow students to discuss how they would solve the problem. Have each group briefly try to figure
out a way to solve the problem. Then, openly ask each group what they discussed.

4. Even though each group will work together, encourage students question each other’s ideas.

4. Give students a few pointers and tips about the background and concept of the lab. But don’t give too much away.

5. Using their lab books as a guide, allow the students to get to work, choosing their own materials to experiment with.

6. Students should at this point have several questions, walk by each group and briefly offer help. (Note the questions and write them
with the answers on the board as you go along).

7. Collect the lab books at the end of class.

8. MOTIVATION: Award stickers are found at the back of the book. One effective motivator is to create a Science Trophy. (It could
be as simple as a juxtaposed test tube and thermometer glued to a wooden base) At each class, the top scoring student or group will
keep the trophy and the group will be happy to display it on their desks.

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 INTEGRATED SCIENCE
FIRST FORM SCIENCE COURSE OUTLINE

TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

1. WORKING LIKE A SCIENTIST
• Relationship between Science and Technology • Methods of scientific investigation • Works of some Jamaican Scientists • Safety in scientific work;
signs and symbols in the environment • Careers in Science • Using Classification as a Science process skill to classify animals and plants

2. NATURE OF MATTER
• Physical properties of matter; particulate nature of matter • States of matter • Effects of temperature on matter 3. Energy • Forms of energy •
Energy conversions • Sources of energy- renewable and non-renewable • Energy Conservation

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

3. Energy (contd.)
Significance of alternative energy sources to the Caribbean society

4. CELLS
5. • Plant and Animal cells- organelles and their functions (Emphasis on the nucleus, DNA, gene and chromosomes)
• Similarities and differences between plant and animal cells • Specialized plant and animal cells • Contribution of cells in organisms

6. Investigation of Diffusion and Osmosis

7. Experiments related to diffusion and osmosis
6. Sexual Reproduction
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• Changes during puberty and adolescence • The Male and Female Reproductive Systems • The formation of a zygote and its development into a
foetus • Role of hormones in the Menstrual Cycle • Personal hygiene for healthy living.

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

7. Sexually transmitted diseases

• Irresponsible living • Drug use and abuse; effects on human body and society • Responsible sexual behavior and healthy living

9. Plant reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in plants • Asexual methods of reproduction in plants • Vegetative propagation of plants • Importance of plants

10. Climate change

• Greenhouse effect and Global Warming; gases and their sources • Climate change and its effects in the Caribbean • Man’s impact on climate
change; positive and negative aspects • Role of environmental protection agencies

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 SECOND FORM SCIENCE COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

1. SPECIALISED PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Structure of specialized cells Function of specialized cells (Emphasis on the nucleus, DNA, genes and chromosomes)

1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Adaptations of a leaf to carry out photosynthesis • Importance of photosynthesis to trap energy from the sun to make food • To investigate the
factors responsible for photosynthesis • Energy released from food in cellular respiration • Interdependence of plants and animals • Flow of energy
through plants and animals; food chains and food webs; transfer of energy between trophic levels • Impact of human activities on food chains and
food webs • Carbon, Nitrogen and Water cycles in the environment

2. FOOD TESTS
• Protein, starch, fat and reducing sugar in foods

3. PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

• Generalized definition of an atom • Differences among elements, compounds and mixtures • Common household compounds • Subatomic
particles of the atom • The periodic table and the first twenty elements • Atomic number and mass number, Kinetic theory.

4. MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES
Osmosis and diffusion

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

5. HUMAN NUTRITION

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• Structure and care of the teeth • Processes in human nutrition-ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion • Food digestion and
absorption

6. WATER AND THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

• Properties of water and its uses • Water as a habitat • Sources of water and water conservation • Chemical tests for water and water purification •
Importance of water to plants and animals • Water pollution • Composition of air, uses of gases in the air • Chemical tests for carbon dioxide and
oxygen

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

7. FORCES AND MOTION

• Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities • Balanced and unbalanced forces • Friction as a force which opposes motion • Floating of
objects in air and water • Streamlined shapes and motion in air and water

8. SPACE SCIENCE
Construction of technological devices for space exploration Connection between the concepts of universe, galaxy and stars Planetary systems of
some stars Physical characteristics of the Solar System Eclipses of the sun and the moon The role of gravity in determining the motion of planets
Use of the light year to solve simple problems

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 PHYSICS
THIRD FORM PHYSICS COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Fundamental quantities and units - One week

1. Basic and fundamental quantities

2. Vector and scalar
3. Conversion of simple units for mass, length and time
Prefixes and scientific notation - Two weeks

1. Express standard units using prefixes or their symbols

2. Express numbers in scientific notation
Scales and errors - One week

1. Differentiate between linear and non linear scales

2. Differentiate between analogue and digital scales
3. Define errors in measurement
4. Discuss the type of errors
5. Discuss how to minimize..
Area and volume - Two weeks
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 1. Measure the area of both regular and irregular shapes
2. Measure the volume of both regular and irregular solids
- Perform Experiment determine the area of a leaf
Density - Two weeks

1. Define density
2. Determine density
- Perform experiment to determine the density of a stone .
3. Calculate the relativity density
Pressure - Two weeks

4. Define pressure and use the relationship

5. Pressure = force /Area
6. Relate pressure to surface area
7. Relate flotation to the density of a fluid
8.
TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Graphs - Four weeks

1. Distinguish amongst independent, controlled and dependent variables

2. Label x & y axes with quantities and units
3. Plot interpret and use graphs of experiments data
4. Plot various straight line graphs
5. Find the gradient of a graph
6. Draw a line of best fit for a set of plotted values
7. Equation of a line
Force - Four weeks

1. State what force is

2. Look at the different types of forces
3. Use scale diagrams to combine vectors to find their resultant

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

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Work and energy - Two weeks

1. Identify the various form of energy

2. Define the joule
3. Describe energy transformation in a given situation
4. State the law of conservation of energy
5. Define potential energy and kinetic energy
6. Use pe = mgh and mv2/2 in solving problems
7. Define conventional and alternate energy sources
8. State ways to save on energy
9. Define work
Power - Two weeks

1. Define power
2. Define the watt
3. Use p=e/t or w/t to perform calculations
- Perform experiment to determine personal power Test

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 FORTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Lab PHYSICS Scheduled 1-2

Skills
Form To Be Assessed & Topic Lab Date
Each

Fundamental and Derived Quantities

Measurement 1. Pressure Form 4 – P&D LAB 1 May Wk 1 Dr

Review of fundamental and derived quantities and

units. Review of scales, errors. Review of area, volume
and density

2. Measurement Form 4 – To determine the volume of Oct Wk 2 MM

regular solid

3. Measurement Title: Determine the thickness of a Oct Wk 2 AI

book page

4. Measurement Form 4 – To determine the mass of a Nov Wk 1 ORR

coin

Graphs

Plot, interpret and use graphs of experimental data. 5. Measurement To determine the density of three Jan Wk 3 MM/
Draw a line of ‘best fit’ for a set of plotted values. liquids AI
Determine the gradient and intercept of a straight line

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graph.

Vectors

Distinguish between scalars and vectors Find the

resultant of vectors which are parallel, anti-parallel and
perpendicular Use scalar diagrams to combine two
vectors to find their resultant

Forces

Recall that a force can cause a change in the size, shape

or motion of a body Identify situations in which
electric, magnetic, nuclear or gravitational forces act
Newton’s three laws of motion Determine the weight
of objects using the relationship: weight = mass x
gravitational field strength that is, W = mg

The Simple Pendulum

6. Title: Simple Pendulum (length Sept Wk 2 OR

affects period) R/D
r

7. Form 4 – Title: Simple Pendulum Sept Wk 3-4 Dr

(angle affects period)

8. Form 4 – Title: Simple Pendulum

( mass affects period)

Relate the stability of an object to the position of its

centre of gravity and its weight Investigate the factors
which affect the period of a simple pendulum

9. Center of Form 4 – To demonstration the center Feb Wk 1 M

Gravity of gravity of an irregular lamina M/

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 AI

Statics -Turning Forces

Term 3

Identify situations in which a turning effect on a body

will result from the application of a force. Define the
moment of a force; State the principle of moments and
use it to solve problems on equilibrium Identify types
of equilibrium

10. Moments To use the principle of moments to Mar Wk AI

determine the weight of a meter rule 1

Deformation 11. Power To determine the power of each Apr Wk Dr

students working and running up a 2
fight of stairs

Investigate the relationship between extension and 12. Hooke’s Law To test the validity of Hooke’s law Mar Wk ORR
force, for springs and elastic bands. Solve problems 2
/MM
involving the proportional relationship between a force
and the extension it causes. (Using Hooke’s Law)

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Kinematics -Motion in a Straight Line

Definition of the terms: distance, displacement, speed,

velocity, acceleration Draw, interpret and use
displacement-time graphs to solve problems Draw,
interpret and use velocity-time graphs to solve
problems –

Momentum and Newton’s Laws

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Use of Newton’s laws to explain dynamic systems
Definition of linear momentum Application of the law
of conservation of linear momentum

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

Thermal Physics and Kinetic Theory

The nature of heat and phases of matter Heat and

temperature Heat transfer Expansion of solids and
liquids Specific heat capacity Gas Laws

13. Specific Heat Form 4 – To determine the specify of a Mar AI

Capacity metal using method of mixture Wk 2

14. Cooling Curve Form 4 – Melting point of naphthalene Jun MM

Wk 1

15. Form 5 – P&D II- Cooling Curve of

Naphthalene

16. Cooling Curve Form 5 – IMPLEMENTATION OF Apr AI/MM

LAB II Wk 4

17. Latent Heat of Form 5 – Specific latent heat of fusion Apr AI

Fusion of ice Wk 4

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 FIFTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

The Physics of the Atoms Oct MM

Wk 2

1. Model of the Atom: Work done by J.J Thomson, Nov ORR

Rutherford, Bohr, Chadwick, GeigerMarsden Wk 1
experiment
2. Structure of the Atom: Particles in the atom, atomic
number, mass number, isotopes

3. Radioactivity: Marie Curie’s work in the field of 18. Radioactivity Form 5 – Radioactive decay and average
radioactivity, radioactive emission, α emissions, β half life
emission, Y emission, penetrating power range, effect
in the magnetic and electric field, ionization power,
half life

4. Nuclear Energy: Nuclear fission and fusion,

Einstein’s mass energy relation

Electricity and Magnetism

1. Electrostatics: electric charge, electric field

Term 3

2. Current (electricity): differences between conductors

and insulators, difference between electron flow and
conventional current, alternating current

3. Electrical quantity: power and energy, the need for 19. Power Form 4 – To determine the power of Apr Wk 2 Dr
reduction in wastage of electrical energy and means of each students working and running up a
doing so fight of stairs

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4. Circuit and components: simple circuit diagrams,
circuit symbols, cells, I-V relationships, resistance,
parallel and series circuits, electricity in the home

5. Electronics: half wave rectifier, differences between 20. Current- Form 5 – Current-Voltage (IR) relationship Current
direct current and alternating current, V-t graph for d c Voltage through a resistor -
and a c currents, logic gates Voltage

6. Magnetism: Permanent magnet, magnetic forces

7. Electromagnetism: Electromagnetic fields,

electromagnetic forces, motors 8. Electricity and
Magnetism: Loud speaker, induced e.m.f, transformers.

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH Term 1

Wave Motion

1. Types of Waves: Wave parameters, longitudinal and

transfer waves, wave equations

2. Wave Phenomena: Reflection, refraction, diffraction,

Snell’s law, Young’s double slit experiment

3. Sound Waves: Production and propagation, speed of 21. Sound Form 5 – Speed of sound in air May ORR
sound, audio frequencies Waves Wk 3

4. Electromagnetic waves: General properties of e.m.

waves, sources, applications, uses

5. Light Waves: theories of light rays

6. Reflection and refraction of Light, diffraction of

light

7. Lens: Actions of lenses, image formation, 22. Convex lens Form 5 – Focal length of a convex lens MM
experiments to find the focal length of a convex lens,

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optical instruments (camera, magnifying glass,
projector)

LOWER SIXTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE OUTLINE

TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Module 1

1. Physical Quantities 2. S.I Units 3. Motion 4. Effects of Forces 5. Conservation of Energy

Module 2

1. Harmonic Motion
2. Properties of Waves
3. Physics of the Ear and Eye

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Module 3

1. Design and use of the Thermometer

2. Thermal Properties
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3. Heat Transfer

4. The Kinetic Theory of Gases

5. First Law of Thermodynamics

6. Mechanical Properties of Materials

UPPER SIXTH FORM PHYSICS COURSE OUTLINE

TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Module І: Electricity and Magnetism

• Electrical Quantities • Electrical Circuits • Electric Fields • Capacitors • Magnetic Fields • Magnetic Forces • Electromagnetic
Induction

Module II: A.C Theory and Electronics

• Alternating Currents • The p-h Junction Diode

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

A.C Theory and Electronics • Transducers • Operational Amplifiers • Logic Gates

Module III: Atomic Physics

• Particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation • Atomic Structure • Radioactivity

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 BIOLOGY
THIRD FORM BIOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Senses and Sense Organs:

The Skin: Two weeks

List the sense organs in human beings

Recognize that each sense organ is made up of cells sensitive to only one kind of stimulus

Identify the stimulus that affects each sense organs

The Eye: Three Weeks

Do diagrams of the eye

Perform investigations on the sense organs

Use annotated diagrams to explain how humans see

Describe how short-sightedness is corrected

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 Describe how long-sightedness is corrected

The Ear: Two Weeks

Use annotated diagrams to explain how humans hear

Simple activities to distinguish among the ‘pitch’, ‘amplitude’ and ‘quality’ of a sound

Importance of responding to stimuli in the environment

The Nose & Tongue: Two Weeks

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Nervous System: Three Weeks

Discuss how stimuli affect the human body

Identify the organs in the Central Nervous System and give their functions

State what is a simple reflex arc

Discuss the functions and importance of the Automatic Nervous System

The Endocrine System: Two Weeks

Identify the endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete

Discuss how these hormones affect the human body

Compare nervous and endocrine systems

Transport in Living Things: Three Weeks

Explain why a complex organism requires a specialized transport system

Give one example of a transport system e.g. in the urban area

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Plants

Describe the tissue of the transport system for a plant and their functions

Carry out simple activities to show transport tissues in plants

Label diagram to illustrate the tissues of the transport system in plants

Describe the processes of transport in plants i.e. diffusion, osmosis, cohesion, adhesion

Make inferences about the transport tissues in plants

Animals: Four Weeks

Name the organs of the transport system for humans and explain its functions

Label a simple diagram of the transport system of humans

List the constituents of blood and their purposes

List the functions of blood Explain why blood functions as a transport medium in animals

Draw diagrams of the human circulatory system include structure of the heart and blood vessels

Show a willingness to take care of their circulatory system by recording in their journals the measures they have taken to care for this
system

Classify the diseases of the circulatory system as pathogenic, physiological, hereditary or deficiency diseases

Suggest ways in which the individual can prevent or minimize the occurrence of these problems

Identify disorders of the circulatory system that arise from structural problem and those that arise from functional problems

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

Pregnancy and Health: 3 Weeks

Realize that all the needs of a developing embryo are supplied by the female parent

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 Appreciate that the characteristics that make an organism unique are determined by the makeup of the male cell and the female cell
from the parents

State the functions of the placenta, amniotic fluid and uterus wall in the growth and protection of the human embryo Identify and
describe the main stages of childbirth

Discuss the importance of and appreciate diet during pregnancy

State that nutrients pass to the embryo along the umbilical cord and that this is also the route along which disease organisms, drugs
and other dangerous materials can pass Identify the effects of diet, alcohol, drugs and cigarette smoking on the developing embryo

FOURTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE

TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Introduction to Biology Lab BIOLOGY Scheduled 1-2

Form To Be Assessed & Topic Lab Date Skills
Each
• Lab Rules • Skills assessed • Drawing Rules • Tables
and Graphs
Classification
• What is classification? • Visible characteristics • 1. Ecological Form 4 – Intro to DR & ORR Sept Wk 3 ORR/Dr
Binomial names • Classifying animals/man • In depth Study Lab
classification of arthropods Title: Classifying Organisms
2. Ecological Form 4 - Title: Classification Sept Wk 3 Dr
Study
Ecology 1
• Interdependence – food chains and food webs • 3. Ecological Form 4 – Feeding Relationships. Oct Wk 2 ORR
Feeding relationships I – carnivores etc., predator-prey Study Quadrat study
relationships, trophic levels • Types of habitats •
Feeding Relationships II – symbiosis • Energy flow in
food webs and chains • Carbon cycle • Role of

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decomposers • Introduce Sampling Techniques –
quadrat, line transect, bottles, nets, capture, mark release
and recapture
Ecology II
• Types of soil • How is soil formed? • Characteristics of 4. Soils Form 4 - INTRODUCTION TO Nov Wk 1 AI
soil types • Importance of soil to organisms • Soil MM & AI LAB
erosion • Fertilizers Title: Water Holding Capacity
5. Soils Form 4 – Air Content Nov Wk 1 MM
Cells
• Review of cells • Structure of animal and plant cells •
Differences between plant and animal cells • Specialized
cells • Electron micrograph of typical plant and animal
cell • Structure of bacterium and protist (Amoeba)
Movement of Particles 6. Movement Form 4 - INTRODUCTION TO Nov Wk 3
at MM & AI LAB
Molecular Diffusion
Level
(Diffusion,
Osmosis
• Review of diffusion, osmosis and active transport 7. Movement Osmosis Nov Wk 4 MM/AI
at
Molecular
Level
(Diffusion,
Osmosis)
Photosynthesis
• Structure of leaf • Adaptations of the leaf • Types of 8. Photosynthe Form 4 – Photosynthesis Dec Wk 1 AI
Nutrition • Stages of Photosynthesis • Factors affecting sis
rate of photosynthesis • Mineral nutrition in plants
Planning and Design Labs 9. P&D Form 4 - PROPOSAL LAB Dec Wk 1 P/D
• How to do P&D labs • Practice labs

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 TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH
Nutrition in Animals
• Review of nutrients and functions • Review of 10. Food Test Form 4 - Food Tests Jan Wk 3 ORR
balanced diet • Review of vegetarianism • food tests /MM
Enzymes
• What are enzymes? • Properties of enzymes • ‘Lock 11. Photosynth Form 4 – Enzymes Feb Wk 2 Dr
and Key’ hypothesis • Effect of pH, temperature and esis
substrate concentration on enzymes
Digestion
• Structure and function of the teeth • Structure and 12. Nutrition & Form 5 – Causes of Decay Feb Wk 3 ORR
function of the alimentary canal Disease
Man’s Impact On The Environment Presentation
• Pollution – land, air and water • Renewable and non- 13. Ecological Form 4 – Visit to Mar Wk 2 AI
renewable resources • Recycling – conservation • Study (Mangroves/National Reserve)
Greenhouse effect • Eutrophication

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

Respiration 14. Respiration Form 4 – Choice From Respiration Jun Wk 1 DR

To draw and label the external
features of a fish’s gill.
• Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration o Define each term 15. Respiration Form 4 - Choice From Respiration ORR
o Equations for each term o Effect of exercise on To investigate the breathing and
aerobic and anaerobic respiration • Mechanism of pulse rate of various students
breathing • Gaseous exchange • Effects of cigarette
smoking on the respiratory system • Diseases of the
respiratory system
Excretion
• Homeostasis • Excretory products of plants and 16. P&D Form 4 – IMPLEMENTATION OF Jan Wk 2 AI
animals • Structure and function of the kidney and LAB I DUE
nephron • Dialysis and renal failure • Osmoregulation

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 FIFTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Disease and Man

• Review of information from research project 17. P&D Form 5 – Planning and Design II Feb Wk MM/AI
Transport in Plants
• Structure of Xylem and Phloem • Movement of water •
Factors affecting transpiration rate • Adaptations of
plants for conserving water o halophytes, hydrophytes,
mesophytes, xerophytes • Use of potometer to measure
transpiration rate
Food Storage
• Asexual reproduction – definition • Vegetative 18. Nutrition Form 4 - Food Storage Oct Wk 1 Dr
propagation – bulbs, rhizomes, corms, runners, tubers, And
taproots Diseases
Transport in Animals • Need for transport system •
Types of materials transported • Structure and function
of the heart • Tissue Fluid formation • Lymphatic
System • Blood vessels – arteries, capillaries and veins •
Blood groups • Immunization • Blood clotting
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Stages of mitosis and meiosis • Role of mitosis in
asexual reproduction • Gamete formation – importance
of meiosis • Comparison of mitosis and meiosis
Growth
• Definition of growth • Measurement of growth •
Growth of insects and crustaceans • Factors affecting
population growth • S-curves • Germination
Genetics
• The inheritance of traits (dominant and recessive 19. Genetics Form 5 – Variation Nov - Dec MM/AI
genes) • Genetic variation and its importance •

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Differences between continuous and discontinuous
variation in populations • Formation of new species •
Differences between natural and artificial selection •
Role of natural selection in biological evolution •
Genetic engineering and its use to change the traits of an
organism • Advantages and disadvantages of genetic
engineering.

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Response in Animals
• Definition of receptor, effector, stimulus, response •
Importance of response systems • CNS, PNS & ANS •
Function and structure of the brain • Reflex actions
(Reflex arc) • Synapses • Response of plants to light and
gravity • Role of auxins • Discussion of coleoptile
experiments
Structure of the Eye
• Structure and function of the eye • How do we see? • 20. P&D Form 5 – IMPLEMENTATION OF
Response of the eye to dim and bright light • P&D LAB II DUE
Accommodation to near and distant objects • Defects of
the eye
Temperature Regulation
• Skin and temperature regulation
Skeletal System
• Structure and function of the skeleton • Importance of
locomotion • Joints • Action of moveable joints •
Antagonistic muscles • Differences between the
vertebral and long bones
Reproduction in Plants
• Structure of flower and function of floral parts •
Comparison of wind pollinated and insect pollinated
flowers • Pollination and fertilization

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 21. Germination Form 5 – Effect of light on the Feb Wk 2 AI
growth rate of plants.
Fruit Formation
• Formation of fruits • Dispersal of fruits
Reproduction in Animals
• Structure and function of male and female
reproductive system • Menstrual cycle • Fertilization
and implantation • Embryo development • Functions of
amniotic sac, amniotic fluid, placenta, umbilical cord •
Birth control

LOWER SIXTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE

TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

UNIT 1: BIOMOLECULES, REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

MODULE 1: CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Aspects of Biochemistry

• Structure and properties of water • Relationship between the structure and function of the following carbohydrates: glucose, sucrose,
starch, glycogen and cellulose • Structure and function of the following lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids • Protein structure and
function: amino acids, bond formation, protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary), haemoglobin and collagen as
examples

Cell Structure

• Function of membrane systems and organelles found in animal and plant cells o Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum o Golgi
body o Mitochondria o Ribosomes o Lysosomes o Chloroplasts o Cell membrane o Nuclear envelope o Centrioles o Nucleus o
Nucleolus • Comparison of typical plant and animal cell • Structure of prokaryotic cell • Comparison of prokaryotic cells with
eukaryotic cells • Concepts of tissue and organ using the dicotyledonous root as an example

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Membrane Structure and Function

• Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure • Membrane processes: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport,
endocytosis and exocytosis

Enzymes

• Definitions of metabolism, catabolism, anabolism • Properties of enzymes • Mode of action of enzymes – induced fit hypothesis •
Effects of temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on enzyme activity • Effects of competitive and
noncompetitive inhibitors on enzyme activity

MODULE 2: GENETICS, VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION

Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids

• Structure of RNA and DNA • DNA replication • Protein synthesis – transcription and translation • Roles of RNA and DNA in
protein synthesis • Relationship between DNA structure, protein structure and the phenotype of an organism • Relationship between
DNA, chromatin and chromosomes

Mitotic and Meiotic Cell Division

• Phases of mitosis – interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis • DNA replication in relation to genetic
stability • Role and importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction • Define – homologous pairs of chromosomes,
haploid, diploid • Phases of meiosis – interphase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase
II, telophase II, cytokinesis • Meiosis contributing to genetic variation

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

MODULE 2: GENETICS, VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION

Patterns of Inheritance

• Define – gene, allele, dominant, recessive, codominant, homozygous, heterozygous • Use genetic diagrams to solve – monohybrid
crosses, dihybrid crosses • Use Chi-square test to check results of genetic crosses • Determine if observed results match expected
ratios using Chi-Square test

Aspect of Genetic Engineering

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• Define – genetic engineering, recombinant DNA • Use of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering • Steps involved in recombinant
DNA technology • Possible benefits and hazards of gene therapy • Implications of the use of GMOs on humans and the environment

Variation and Natural Selection

• Variation in sexually produced organisms • Define – gene and chromosome mutation • Mutation bringing about genetic variation –
Sickle-cell anaemia, Down’s Syndrome • Importance of heritable variation to selection • Environmental factors as forces of natural
selection – resistance to antibiotics, peppered moth • Natural selection as an agent of change or constancy – direction, disruptive and
stabalising selection • Natural selection bringing about evolution – Darwin’s theory, observation and conclusions • Biological species
concept – definition and limitation • Speciation – isolating mechanisms, allopatric and sympatric speciation

MODULE 3: REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

Asexual Reproduction and Vegetative Propagation

• Explain asexual reproduction – discussing binary fission, budding, spore formation, fragmentation, vegetative propagation, tissue
culture • Advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction • Principles and importance of vegetative propagation – using cuttings
and tissue culture as examples

Sexual Reproduction in the Flowering Plant

• Structure of anther and formation of pollen • Structure of ovule and formation of embryo sac • Promotion of cross-fertilisation •
Genetic consequences of sexual reproduction • Pollination to fertilization – significance of double fertilization • Development of seed
and fruit

Sexual Reproduction in Humans

• Structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems • Gametogenesis – oogenesis, spermatogenesis • Structure and
function of sperm and ovum • Hormones regulation gametogenesis • Menstrual cycle • Fertilization and implantation • Contraceptive
methods – development based on human reproductive anatomy and physiology • Structure and function of placenta • Function of
amnion • Possible effects of maternal behaviour on foetal development – nutrition, drug and alcohol abuse, cigarettes

30
 UPPER SIXTH FORM BIOLOGY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

UNIT 2: BIOENERGETICS, BIOSYSTEMS AND APPLICATION

MODULE 1: BIOENERGETICS

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling

• Define terms – ecosystem, habitat, ecological niche • Energy flow in an ecosystem – food chains, food webs • Efficiency of energy
transfer between trophic levels • Biological pyramids – numbers, biomass, energy, limitations of each • Nitrogen cycle • Difference
between energy flow and nutrient cycling • Importance of energy flow and nutrient cycling in an ecosystem

Photosynthesis and ATP Synthesis

• Structure of a dicotyledonous leaf, palisade cell and chloroplast – relate structure to function in photosynthesis • Process of
photophosphorylation – production of ATP and reduced NADP, O2 as byproduct • Calvin cycle – stages, production of triose sugar
using ATP and reduce NADP • Limiting factors in photosynthesis – temperature, pH, CO2 concentration, water, light etc., improving
plant productivity

Cellular Respiration and ATP Synthesis

31
• Outline of the breakdown of glucose in respiration • Structure and function of the mitochondria in respiration • Process of glycolysis
• Link reaction • Krebs cycle – significance in ATP formation • Oxidative phosphorylation • Fate of pyruvate in absence of oxygen –
alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation

Ecological Systems, Biodiversity and Conservation

• Ecosystems as dynamic systems – interaction between biotic and abiotic factors • Biodiversity – genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity • Importance of the maintenance of biodiversity – intrinsic, direct and indirect values such as medicinal, natural products,
tourism • Importance of species diversity in the stability of an ecosystem • Use of in situ and ex situ conservation methods to maintain
biodiversity – protected areas, reserves, seed banks, botanic gardens, zoos, sperm banks, gene banks, embryo banks

MODULE 2: BIOSYSTEMS MAINTENANCE

The Uptake and Transport of Water and Minerals

• Structure of roots, uptake of ions by active transport • Entry and transport of water in plant roots – 3 pathways • Structure and
function of xylem vessels • Ascent of water in plants – root pressure, cohesion and adhesion, transpiration pull • Role of stomata in
transpiration

Transport in the Phloem

• Phloem and sieve tube structure • Translocation of food – source to sink, loading of sieve tubes • Mass/Pressure Flow Hypothesis •
Evidence for and against the hypothesis

The Circulatory System of Mammals

• Need for a circulatory system • Open and closed systems • Blood vessels – capillaries, veins, arteries; relate structure to function •
Structure of the heart • Cardiac cycle • Maintaining the heart’s rhythmic beat • Definitions – pulse, blood pressure • Factors affecting
blood pressure • Nervous and hormonal control of heart rate • Role of haemoglobin in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport • Oxygen
dissociation curves • Effect of carbon dioxide on oxygen dissociation curves (Bohr effect)

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

MODULE 3: APPLICATION OF BIOLOGY

Immunology

32
• Define – immune response • Mode of action of phagocytes • Origin and maturation of B- and T-lymphocytes – compare, include
function of different types of B and T cells • Difference between humoral and cell-mediated immune responses • Role of memory cells
in long term immunity – B and T memory cells • Molecular structure of an antibody related to function • Differences between active
and passive immunity, natural and passive immunity • Role of vaccines • Monoclonal antibodies – what are they, use in diagnosis and
treatment

MODULE 2: BIOSYSTEMS MAINTENANCE

Homeostasis and Hormonal Action

• Concept of homeostasis – receptors, effectors, feedback mechanism etc. • General principles of hormonal action in animals –
ductless glands, target cells and receptors • Insulin and glucagon function in relation to blood glucose concentration • Effect of
ethylene on fruit ripening • Commercial use of ethylene to supply market-ready fruit

The Kidney, Excretion and Osmoregulation

• Need to remove nitrogenous and other metabolic waste products • Structure of the kidney and nephrons • Function of the kidney –
excretion, Osmoregulation, role of ADH • Clinical significance of glucose and protein in urine

Nervous Co-ordination

• Structure of motor and sensory neurons • Nerve cell membranes in establishing and maintaining resting potential • Conduction of an
action potential along the nerve membrane – speed of transmissions • Synaptic transmission – structure of cholinergic synapse • Role
of synapse

MODULE 3: APPLICATION OF BIOLOGY

Health and Disease

• Define health – physical, mental, social • Categories of disease or illness – physical, mental, social, chronic, infection, degenerate,
inherited, self-inflicted, deficiency; examples of each • Regional distribution of AIDS, diabetes and cancer – discuss reasons

Social and Preventative Medicine

• Causative relationship among diet, obesity and diabetes – concept of balanced diet, BMI, Type 1 and 2 diabetes • Effects of fats on
the cardiovascular system – atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke • Effects of exercise and maintaining a
physically fit body – long-term and short-term consequences, VO2 max, cardiac efficiency • AIDS and Dengue fever – mechanisms of

33
infection, causative agent, transmission, social and economic impact regionally and the social, economic and biological factors in their
prevention and control

Substance Abuse

• Define – drug abuse, legal and illegal drugs, physiological and physical dependence • Short-term and long-term consequences of
alcohol consumption on the liver • Social consequences of excessive alcohol use • Effects of the components of cigarette smoke on the
respiratory and cardiovascular systems

34
 CHEMISTRY
THIRD FORM CHEMISTY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Properties of Matter: Two Weeks

Matter as mass and volume

States of Matter

Identify solids, liquids and gases as the three states of matter

Explain that the particles in solids, and gases have different arrangements and have different forces between them

The particulate Nature of Matter: Three Weeks

State that matter has mass and occupies space

Deduce that substances are made up of minute particles that cannot be seen with the naked eye-particulate nature of matter

35
Infer that there are spaces between the particles of a substance

Deduce that small particles can combine to produce larger particles

Carry out experiments to demonstrate diffusion and osmosis Use diffusion and osmosis experiments as evidence of the particulate
nature of matter

Pure and Impure Matter

State that matter may be pure and impure

Perform activities to show the differences, the melting points of pure and impure matter

Infer whether matter is pure or Impure based on melting point and boiling point data

State that pure matter maybe elements or compounds and impure matter are usually mixtures List examples of pure and impure matter

Physical and Chemical changes

Observe and identify changes as physical or chemical

Identify a change as the process which results in the formation of a new substance with different properties

Explain what is meant by a physical change

Give examples of common, physical and chemical changes

Perform investigations to determine the conditions necessary for rusting

Acids Bases and Salts State that compounds can be classified as acids, bases and salts

Give examples of common acids, bases and salts

Classify substances as acids and bases based on their reaction with indicators

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Atoms, Molecules and ions

36
State that the particles of elements are atoms or molecules of the same the kind

State that the particles of compounds are atoms, molecules or ions of different kind

Identify the particles making up molecules as atoms Identify protons, neutrons and electrons as the particles making atoms

Differentiate among the sub-atomic particles (protons neutrons and electrons) on the basis of their charge, relative mass and location

Deduce that the atom is electrically neutral and explain why ions have positive or negative charges

The periodic Table

State electronic configuration of the first twenty (20) elements

Identify the correlation between electronic configuration and group and period number

Give the names and properties of groups I, II, VII, and VIII elements

Explain the term of valence shell and valence electrons

Metals and Non-Metals

Classify elements as metals or non-metals

Perform activities to identify the properties of metals and non-metals (hardness, malleability, conduction of heat and electricity luster)

List at least six (6) examples each of metals and non-metals

State some uses of metals and non-metals

Identify some common alloys and give their uses

Discuss the effects of metals and non-metals on body systems

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

Bonding

Differentiate between ionic and covalent bonds

37
Draw dots/cross diagrams to illustrate ionic and covalent bonding

Differentiate between single, double and triple bonds

Write formulae for binary ionic compounds and covalent compounds

Elements, Mixtures and Compounds

Suggest reasons why substances rarely exist in nature State the chemical symbols for some commonly occurring elements

Interpret the notation a b X where X=symbol of the element, a=mass number, b=atomic number Describe with illustrations the
structure of the atoms with atomic number 1-10

State the chemical formulae for some commonly occurring compounds

Identify carbohydrates, fats and proteins as compounds in living things

Identify the elements present in carbohydrates, fats and proteins given their chemical formulae Differentiate between mixtures and
compounds

Explain the differences between solutions, suspensions and colloids

List ways in which components of a mixture may be separated

38
 FORTH FORM CHEMISTRY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Lab Compulsory Practical CHEMISTRY Scheduled 1 - 2 Skills

Topics in Bold Each
Form To Be Assessed & Topic Lab Date

States of Matter

Evidence of particulate nature 1. Diffusion in Gases Rate of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sept Wk 2 ORR
(Biology Transfer) Chloride gas
Differences between 3 states of matter
2. Diffusion in Gases Diffusion of bromine in gas jars Sept Wk 2 ORR
Physical and chemical changes
(Biology Transfer)
Pure and impure substances
Other options
a. Osmosis of Pawpaw (green) strips
in a container of distilled water.

Potassium manganate (VII) in

water.

39
 Heat the following ice, water, AI, ORR,
butter, Iodine (in a fume hood). MM

Mixtures and their Separation 3. Separation Techniques Cooling Curve Sept Wk 3 AI

- Melting point of Naphthalene

Solutions, suspensions and colloids 4. Separation Techniques Solubility Curve Oct Wk 3 AI, ORR,
MM
Different types of solutions - Solubility of Potassium
Chloride (OR Potassium
Solubility of solids in water Nitrate) crystals
Solubility curves 5. Separation Techniques Separation of Mixtures Nov Wk 2 ORR
Solubility table - Paper Chromatography
Separation techniques Other Options for Compare boiling point of pure MM
Separation Techniques water and sodium chloride solution.
Extraction of sucrose from sugar cane
a. Filtration, use of lamp light to view ORR, MM
particles.

b. Filtration & Recrystallization of MM, ORR

salt from sand

c. Simple and fractional distillation MM, ORR

(to determine the percentage ethyl
alcohol in a grape juice (wine))

d. Use of separating funnel

e. A field visit to a sugar producing
plant
Atoms and the Periodic Table
Structure of atoms f. Other Options Make models and produce
Properties of electrons, protons and photographs
neutrons
Atomic number and mass number

40
Relative atomic mass
Isotopes
Arrangement of elements in the periodic
table
Structure and Bonding g.
Ionic and covalent bonding h.
Properties of ionic and covalent
compound
Formula writing
Ionic crystals, simple molecular crystals,
giant molecular crystals
Allotropes i.
Relating properties to uses and
structures
Inorganic Chemistry Other Options

Physical examinations and ORR, AI, MM

reactions of various metals,
including zinc, iron, sodium,
calcium, magnesium, aluminium,
copper.

- Reaction of acids with

sodium and calcium should
not be attempted.
The action of dilute sulfuric acid ORR, AI, MM
and hydrochloric acid on metallic
oxides and hydroxides. The action
of heat on nitrates, carbonates
and hydroxides.

Reactivity and extraction of metals

Impact of metals on living systems and

the environment

41
Non-metals Preparation of O2, CO2, NH3. ORR, AI,
MM

Qualitative Analysis

Identification of cations 6. Qualitative analysis identify cations - Pb2+, Al 3+, Oct Wk 1 AI, ORR, PD
Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe3+ , Fe2+, NH4
+ ,Cu2+ ;

(metallic ions - colour, solubility

of the hydroxides in:

 aqueous sodium hydroxide

 (ii) aqueous ammonia or a
suitable confirmatory test.
 ammonium ion, evolution
of ammonia gas after
treatment with aqueous
sodium hydroxide and
warming.)
Use of potassium iodide identity
of Pb 2+ions.

7. Qualitative analysis identify anions - CO3 2- , SO4 2- , Oct Wk 3 ORR, AI, PD

SO3 2- , NO3 - , Br, I, CI ;

(evolution and identification of

gases produced when compounds
containing the anions are:

(i) heated strongly

(ii) treated with acid (dilute and

concentrated); (b) colour and
solubility of the silver halide in
aqueous ammonia or lead halide;

42
 (c) colour of precipitate formed
when anion reacts with a solution
containing barium ions; (d)
solubility of the precipitate
formed in (c), in dilute acids.

8. Qualitative analysis identify gases - H2, O2, CO2, Nov Wk 4 ORR, AI, PD
NH3, SO2, Cl2, NO2, H2O;

((a) colour; (b) odour; (c)

reaction with a lighted or a
glowing splint: (i) reaction with
moist litmus paper; (ii) reaction
with dry cobalt chloride paper/
anhydrous copper(II) sulfate; (iii)
reaction with acidified potassium
manganate (VII) acidified
potassium dichromate (VI); (iv)
reaction with a glass rod dipped
in concentrated aqueous
ammonia or concentrated
hydrochloric acid; (v) hydroxide
reactions with lime water/
aqueous calcium.)

Uses of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur,

phosphorus, chlorine, silicon and their
compounds

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO

MARCH

Equations

43
Writing chemical equations 9. Saturated and Esterification Jan Wk 3
Unsaturated
Types of chemical equations - To make Ethyl Ethanoate
Hydrocarbons
from ethanol and ethanoic
acid

10. Saturated and Saponification Jan Wk 4

Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons - Prepare detergent from oil
and sodium hydroxide

Periodicity of the Elements

Trends in group II Other Options Reactions of magnesium and ORR, AI

Trends in group VII calcium with water, air, and
Trends in period 3 dilute hydrochloric acid.
Prediction of properties of unknown
Carry out simple displacement ORR, AI
elements in different groups
reactions with chlorine, bromine
Carbon, nitrogen and water cycle
and iodine. Observe the physical
state of these elements.

Investigate melting point and ORR, MM, AI

solubility of solids and
conductivity of resulting
solutions.

11. Plan & Design Lab Plan and design an investigation Jan Wk 1 PD
of the position of element X in the
periodic table.

Acids, bases and Salts

Definition of acid, acid anhydride, base, 12. Acids, bases and Preparation of Salts Feb Wk 3
alkali, salts, acid salts and normal salts, Salts
- Preparation of Copper
basic, amphoteric, acidic and neutral
Sulphate using Copper II
44
oxides pH scale Carbonate and Sulphuric
Acid
Strong acids and strong bases
13. Volumetric Acid-Base Titration Mar Wk 2 MM, AI
Properties of acids Analysis
- Determine the concentration
Properties of bases of HCl using NaOH
Review of solubility table 14. Acids, bases and Thermometric Titration Mar Wk 3 ORR, AI, MM,
Salts PD
Preparation of salts - Determine the temperature of
neutralization of NaOH and
Neutralization reactions H2SO4
Other Options for Carry out simple exercises with ORR
Acids, bases and litmus paper and universal
Salts indicator.

Demonstrate reactions of acids. ORR, PD, AI

Demonstrate reactions with
antacids, baking powder, fire
extinguishers.

Plan, design and conduct an PD, ORR, AI

investigation to compare the
vitamin C content of a named fruit
juice before and after heating.

Prepare insoluble salts by MM, PD

precipitation;

Prepare soluble salts by direct

combination and by replacing
hydrogen ions of an acid directly

Prepare soluble salts indirectly

by a metal or ammonium radical.

45
 Use of universal indicator, pH ORR, PD
meter reaction with carbonates.

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

Mole Concepts 15. Volumetric Quantitative Analysis Apr Wk 2

Analysis
Definition of mole, molar mass - Testing chemicals with NaOH
and NH4 in drop and excess
Avogadro’s constant
Other Options for Prepare standard solutions. MM, AI
Avogadro’s law quantitative
Calculation involving moles Analysis
Observe and compare the masses of MM, AI
Empirical and molecular formulae 1 mole of different substances.
Balancing equations Use simple chemical reactions to ORR, AI
illustrate ionic and molecular
Reacting masses
equations /chemical reactions.
Reacting volumes

Limiting reagents

Standard solutions

Summer Project end of Grade 10

Chemistry in Society – Section C of 16. Form 4 – P&D II

the Syllabus

Students are to be assigned the relevant 17. Form 4 – IMPLEMENTATION OF P&D LAB I
part of this section of the syllabus
depending on what is to be examined in
their particular examination year.

46
 FIFTH FORM CHEMISTRY
COURSE & LAB TIMELINE

TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO

DECEMBER

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

Oxidation and Reduction 18. Redox reactions and Redox Titration Sept Wk 2 ORR, MM, AI,
Electrolysis PD
Definitions of oxidation and reduction - Determine the
concentration of a FeCl2
Oxidation number using KMnO4
Common oxidizing and reducing agents (potassium chromate(VI),
hydrogen peroxide and
Substances that behave as both
potassium iodide)
oxidizing and reducing agents Industrial
extraction of iron Corrosion of metals Other Options Perform tests for oxidising and ORR, AI, MM,
reducing agents. PD

Electrochemistry

Conductors and non-conductors 19. Redox reactions and Electrolysis Oct Wk 2

Electrolysis
Metallic and electrolytic conductors - Electrolysis of Copper
Sulphate using Copper
Strong and weak electrolytes
electrodes
Definition of electrolyte, cathode,
Other Options Use simple circuits including AI, MM, PD
anode, cation and anion
plastic, metals or solutions
Ion present in electrolytes
Electrolysis of the following ORR, AI
Electrochemical series substances: dilute sulfuric acid,
concentrated aqueous sodium
Factors affecting discharge of ions
chloride, dilute aqueous sodium
47
Diagrams of circuits chloride, aqueous
copper(II)sulfate using carbon
Electrolysis of specific substances
or platinum and copper
Faraday constant electrodes.

Calculation using Q = It Industrial One fused halide, for example,

applications Extraction of aluminium lead (II) bromide, using inert
from alumina electrodes.

Draw simple line diagrams

representing electrolytic cell.

Rates of Reaction

Definition of rates of reaction 20. Rates of Reaction Determine the effect of varying Nov Wk 1 Rates of
concentration rate Reaction
Factors affecting rates of reaction
Other Options for Carry out exercises varying one AI, ORR, PD,
Collision theory Industrial preparation
Rates of reaction factor at a time while MM
of ammonia and sulphuric acid
maintaining the others constant,
Enzymes for example: (a) magnesium
strips and dilute acid; (b)
potassium iodide and hydrogen
peroxide; (c) sodium thiosulfate
and dilute acid; (d) marble
chips and dilute hydrochloric
acid.

Energetics

Exothermic and endothermic reactions 21. Energetics Enthalpy Nov Wk 4

Energy profile diagrams - Measure enthalpy for the

reaction between HCl and
Calculations NaCl

48
Alternative energy sources

Other Options for Perform investigations to ORR, AI, MM

Energetics demonstrate endothermic and
exothermic changes, for
example, potassium nitrate and
water, sodium hydroxide pellets
and water.

Carry out experiments by ORR, AI

reacting metals with acids,
volumetric analysis of alkali
and acid. Record temperature
changes. End point of
thermometric titration
determined from the
intersection of lines from the
graph obtained.

TERM ONE – JANUARY TO

MARCH

Other Options for Test for unsaturation (burning ORR, AI, PD

Saturated and is not acceptable). Use bromine
Unsaturated solution or acidified potassium
Hydrocarbons. manganate (VII).

Investigate solubility of ORR, AI

alcohols and acids in water

Prepare a sample of ethanol. ORR, AI

Preparation and hydrolysis of a ORR, AI, MM

suitable ester, for example,
49
 ethyl ethanoate.

A comparison of the effect of ORR, AI

soaps and soapless detergents
on hard water.

Formation of single, double and triple

carbon – carbon bonds
Homologous series
Functional groups
Structural isomerism
Reaction of alkanes
Reaction of alkenes
Uses of hydrocarbons
Distinguishing between alkanes and
alkenes
Reaction of alcohols, acids and esters COMPLETED Esterification Jan Wk 2 ORR, AI,
MM
Fermentation Saturated and - To make Ethyl Ethanoate
Unsaturated from ethanol and ethanoic
Hydrolysis of esters
Hydrocarbons acid

Soap and soap-less detergents COMPLETED Saponification Jan Wk 4 ORR, A

Saturated and - Prepare detergent from oil

Unsaturated and sodium hydroxide
Hydrocarbons

Hydrolysis of polysaccharides
Hydrolysis of proteins
Definition of polymers
Addition and condensation
polymerization
Uses of polymers
Differences between polymers and
50
monomers

LAB FORMAT
Reporting Student’s ability to prepare a comprehensive written report on their assignments using the following format:

 Date (date of experiment)

 Aim (what is the reason for doing the experiment).
 Apparatus and Materials (all equipment, chemicals and materials used in the experiment must be listed).
 Method/Experimental Procedure (step-by-step procedure written in the past tense, passive voice).
 Results and Observations
 Discussion
 Conclusion

LOWER SIXTH FORM CHEMISTY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE

TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Term 1: Mole Concept

Avogadro’s law Definition of mole Molar mass Balanced equations Calculations Empirical and molecular formulae Titrimetric
analysis

Redox Reactions

Electron transfer and oxidation state Half equations Displacement reactions

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Dalton’s atomic theory and process of theoretical change Structure of the atom Definition of terms Radioactive and uses of
radioisotopes Calculation of atomic masses Emission spectra Atomic orbitals Electronic configurations Factors affecting ionisation
energy Ionisation energy and subshells

Forces of attraction

Different forces of attraction Relationship between forces of attraction and states of matter Formation of different bonds Co-ordinate
bonding Intermolecular forces Shapes and bond angles in simple molecules ions Lattice structure and relation to physical properties

51
Kinetic Theory

Assumptions of the theory Difference between real and ideal gas Boyle’s law Charles’ law Ideal gas equation Liquid state, melting
and vaporization

Energetics

Exothermic and endothermic processes Energy changes during reaction Energy profile diagrams Bond energy Concepts associated
with enthalpy changes Factors affecting lattice energy Hess’ law of constant summation

Rates of Reaction

Concepts associated with reaction rates Rate equations Order of reactions Graphs Half-life Boltzmann Distribution Identification of
cations and anions

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Principal of Chemical Equilibrium

Concept of dynamic equilibrium Characteristics of a system in dynamic equilibrium Equilibrium constants and equilibrium constant
expressions Le Chatelier’s principle Haber process and contact process

Acid/Base Equilibria

Bronsted – Lowry Theory Equilibrium constants Changes in pH during titration Indicators and pH ranges Selection indicators for acid
and base titrations

Buffers and pH

Definition of buffers How do buffers work Calculating pH of buffers Importance of buffers in biological and industrial processes

Solubility Products

Definition of solubility product Solubility product and common ion effect Solubility product and selective precipitation of substances

Period Sodium to Argon

52
Variation in physical properties based on structure and bonding Reaction of the elements with oxygen chlorine and water Variation in
oxidation number of oxides and chlorides Reaction of the oxides and chlorides with water Trend in acid/base behaviour of oxides and
hydroxides

Group II Elements

Properties in structure and bonding Reaction of the elements with oxygen, water and dilute acids Solubility of the sulphates Thermal
decomposition of the carbonates and nitrates Uses of some magnesium and calcium compounds

Group IV Elements

Variation in physical properties Bonding of tetrachlorides Reactions of tetrachlorides with water Trends in the oxides of oxidation
states II and IV Stability of +4 and +2 oxidation states Uses of ceramics

Redox Equilibrium

Standard electrode potential and standard cell potential Standard hydrogen electrode Measurement of standard electrode potentials
Calculation of standard cell potentials Use of standard potential of cells Application of redox processes to storage devices

Group VII Elements

Physical properties of the elements Relative oxidizing properties of the elements Reaction of the elements with hydrogen Relative
stabilities of the hydrides Reaction of the halide ions Reaction of chlorine with cold and hot sodium hydroxide

First Row Transition Elements

Characteristics of transition metals Electronic configuration of first row transition metal atoms and ions Physical properties of the
elements e.g. atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization energy Formation of coloured ions Properties of transition elements compared with s-
block elements Shapes of complexes of transition elements Principle of ligand exchange

53
 UPPER SIXTH FORM CHEMISTY COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Structure and formulae

Functional group analysis
Reaction of mechanisms
Acidic and basic character of organic compounds
Macromolecules
Uncertainty in measurements
Volumetric analysis
Gravimetric analysis

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Spectroscopic methods of analysis

Ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy
Chromatographic methods of separation
Phase separations
Location of industrial plants, benefits and risks
Aluminium
Ammonia
Sulphuric acid
The atmosphere
Chlorine alkali industry
Solid waste
Crude oil
Ethanol
Water

54
 INTEGRATED SCIENCE
FORTH FORM INTEGRATED SCIENCE COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Lab INTEGRATED SCIENCE Scheduled 1-2

Skills
Form To Be Assessed & Topic Lab Date
Each

The organism and its environment

The cell INTRODUCTION TO DR & ORR LAB Sept Wk 4 DR

Microscopy

Food and nutrition 1. Food Tests To test samples of food for the presence of Fats, Oct Wk 2 ORR/M
Starch, Reducing sugar and Non-Reducing M
Sugar.

Respiration/air pollution 2. Respiration To draw and label the external features of a Nov Wk 2 DR
and Excretion. fish’s gill.
3. Respiration To To investigate the breathing and pulse rate of Nov Wk 3 AI
and Excretion. various students
TERM TWO: JANUARY TO
MARCH

Transport systems 4. Circulation To observe diffusion in a solution. Jan Wk 3 ORR

5. Circulation To investigate osmosis in potatoes. Feb Wk 1 MM

Excretion 6. P&D I P&D I Feb Wk 1 P/D

Sense organs and coordination 7. Coordination To draw and label the external features of the Feb Wk 4 DR
cow’s eye
55
Reproduction and growth 8. Production and Investigating which direction young shoots Mar Wk 1 ORR/A
growth grow. I
9. P&D I IMPLEMENTATION OF P&D I DUE Mar Wk 2 AI

TERM THREE: APRIL TO JUNE

The home and workplace

Temperature control and ventilation 10. Temperature To investigate conduction, convection and Apr Wk 4 ORR/
Control radiation in matter MM
11. Temperature To investigate how a bimetallic strip works Apr Wk 4
Control
The terrestrial environment 12. Terrestrial To calculate the population of various May Wk 2 AI
Environment. organisms in the school’s garden using a
quadrant
13. Terrestrial To draw a soil profile May Wk 2 DR
Environment.
14. Earth To construct a simple seismograph to record May Wk 4
Movements earth movement.
Water and the aquatic environment 15. Aquatic To investigate whether sea water contains salt. June Wk 2
Environment.
FIFTH FORM INTEGRATED SCIENCE COURSE & LAB TIMELINE
TERM ONE: SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER

Pests and parasites/sanitation 16. Sanitation. To determine rate of mould growth on bread Sept Wk 3
in different environment.

Safety hazards Dr/ORR

Metals and non-metals 17. P/D P&D II Sept Wk 4 P/D

Acids, bases and mixtures 18. Materials, To investigate the pH of common household Oct Wk 3 MM
Chemicals chemicals using universal indicator

Electricity and lighting 19. Materials, To investigate paper chromatography of black Nov Wk 3 DR/MM

56
 Chemicals ink.

20. Audio and To observe the colour spectrum through a Nov Wk 3

Visual glass prism
Activities.

TERM TWO: JANUARY TO MARCH

Fossil fuels and alternative sources of 21. P&D II Form 5 – IMPLEMENTATION OF P&D II Jan Wk 3 AI
energy Due

Machines and movement 22. SPORTS To determine the effects of exercise on Jan Wk 4 AI
pulse rate.
Conservation of energy 23. Generated To effectively wired a three pin plug Feb Wk 3 MM
Energy.
Forces 24. Energy, Forces To determine the location of the center of Mar Wk 2 OR
gravity an irregular shaped lamina. R

57
MARK SCHEME HELPER
Observation, Reporting and Recording (ORR)

MARKS

Organization and Conciseness : Logical sequence of the report

Correct terminology and expressions - few or no grammatical errors

Recording observations and to collect and organize data

Tables (Numerical)

i. Physical quantity in heading

ii. Units stated in heading
iii. Abbreviations/symbols
iv. Decimal points
Tables (Non-Numerical)

i. Headings correct
ii. ii. Attention to kinds of data
iii. iii. Details of data present
Significant figures

Graph Title axes labelled, correct scales,

Smooth curve or best straight line drawn

Accurate plotting fine points

Use of acceptable diagrams where appropriate

Calculations shown

Comprehensive written report

58
Date (date of experiment)

Aim stated properly

Apparatus and Materials

Method/Experimental Procedure (step by step & past tense).

Results and Observations

Discussion

Conclusion

TOTAL 10 MARKS

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The maximum marks available for the AI is 10 marks

MARKS

Makes predictions and logical inferences - limitations

between observation and data - relationships between
results and original hypothesis.

Background information

Explanations or interpretation

Include labels and annotations of structures.

Graph or Data

Accurately identify trends, patterns, relationships

accurate calculations

Evaluate data, including sources of error

Logical Conclusion

59
Limitations

TOTAL 10 MARKS

DRAWING
The maximum marks available for the Drawing is 10 marks

MARKS

Clarity / Neatness

Lines drawn with a ruler

Lines do not cross

Large (3/4 of page)

Reasonable proportions

Be two dimensional

Appropriate labeling and annotations

Label lines straight

Clean continuous lines of even thickness

Magnification

Title

TOTAL 10 MARKS

MANIPULATION AND MEASUREMENT

The maximum marks available for the MM is 10 marks

MARKS

60
Safety precautions observed

Take accurate readings/avoids parallax

Use of a named equipment/specimen _______________

Use of a named equipment/ _______________

Preparation and clean up

TOTAL 10 MARKS

PLANNING AND DESIGN

The maximum marks available for the Proposal is 10 marks

MARKS

Clear statement of hypothesis on basis of observation(s)

Hypothesis testable/manageable.

Aim

Materials and Apparatus

Method workable/suitable

Clear description of procedures/modification(s) where

necessary; v. Attention to details can be duplicated

Repeated measurements/averaging

Precautions taken

Controlled variable

Expected results

61
Assumptions, Sources of error/Limitations

TOTAL 10 marks

IMPLEMENTATION (Analysis and Interpretation)

The maximum marks available for the Implementation 20 marks

MARKS

Method

Results

Discussion

Limitation

Reflection

Conclusion

TOTAL 20 MARKS

62
PHYSICS SBA MARKS RECORD

63
64
BIOLOGY SBA MARKS RECORD

65
66
CHEMISTRY SBA MARKS RECORD

67
68
INTEGRATED SCI SBA MARKS RECORD

69
70
71