Utkal Brahmin
Utkal Brahmin
Utkal Brahmin
M o n d a y, 2 1 A p r i l 2 0 0 8
Utkala Brahmin : उ
UTKAL BRAHMAN:-
Utkal Brahmins/Brahman: - Research & Encyclopedia.
Utkal means that are best in art and those who were Brahman by caste and
best in art were known as Utkala Brahman. Now Utkala Brahmans are
found in odisha and its neighboring states border like, West Bengal,
Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand and other part of India and
abroad.
Background:-
The Utkala Kingdom was located in the eastern portion of the
modern-day Indian state of Odisha. This kingdom was
mentioned in the epic Mahabharata, with the names Utkala ,
Odra Desha, Oddiyana and Okkali. The name of Utkal is
mentioned in the Puranas, Epics and different religious text
book. According to Skanda Purana, the land of Utkala is the
holy land in Bharata Varsha where Purusottama Kshetra is
situated. The Utkala Kingdom was also known as Kalinga,
Kangoda, Odra Desha, Mahakantara, Dakhina Koshala, Danda
Bhukti, Uddisa Subah etc, in different time period.Suryavanshi
emperor of Orissa Gajapati Kapilendra Dev renamed his
kingdom from Utkala to Orissa Rastra.
It is pertinent to mention here that the boundary of Greater
Utkala region was from mouth of river Ganges in the north to
river Godavari in the south and Amarkantak hills in the west to
Bay of Bengal in the east and its focal point was Utkala
kingdom.
उ उ
प
उ
प
Translation: The Karnatakascha, Tailangas, Dravidas,
Maharashtraka and Gujjars, these five types who live south of
Vindhya mountains are called "five Dravidas" Brahmans.The
five Dravidian Brahmans are as under.
1. Gurjara (Gujarati Brahmans)
2. Maharashtraka (Maharashtrian Brahmins)
3. Karnataka (Kannada Brahmans)
4. Talianga (Telugu Brahmans)
5. Dravidian (Brahmans of Tamil Nadu and Kerala)
The Saraswatas, Kanyakubj , Goudas, Utkalas, and Maithili,
who live north of Vindhya mountains are known as "five Gour"
Brahmans. The five Gaur or Gaud Brahmans are as under.
1. Gaud Brahmans
2. Kanyakubja Brahmans
3. Maithil Brahmans
4. Utkal Brahmans (consisting of various Brahmans)
5. Saraswat Brahmins (Who lives near Sarasawati
river,including Gaud Saraswat Brahmans, who have migrated
to the south of Vindhyas).
Genetics of Utkala Brahman:-
In the phylogenetic tree, the Utkala Brahmans showed close
affinity to populations of North India.
Classification of Utkala Brahmans:-
The Utkala Brahmins are of three classes
• Shrauta/Vedic ( / ) Brahmanas.
• Sevayata/Purohita ( /प ) Brahmans.
• Halua Brahmin ( ) (Agrarian Brahmans. )
Again there are sub-classes in these three classes:
1."Shrauta/Vedic ( / ) Brahmans':-
The Vedic Brahmans are those who follow Vedic rule &
regulation. They are the ancient Brahmans and
interpreters and teachers of Vedas & author of Vedic
other religious books. They are called Shrauta Brahmans
as they teaches Vedas.(The teachings of Veda by eminent
rishis are called sutras) . They do Yajna("yaj" which means to
worship), Yajana, Adhyayana, Adhyapana, Daana, Pratigraha.
They are also known as Kulina Brahmans. They give more
importance to Veda, daily Upasana and agnihotra. Only these
group of Brahmans have right to conduct Yagyas.
Sub classes:
A) Kalinga Shrauta Brahmins:-
The Brahmans who have come from undivided regions of
previous Dhenkanal, Sambalpur, Cuttack, Puri and Ganjam.
They stay south of Brahmani River.They marries among
themselves .Others Brahmans avoid to marry them.
B)Jajpuria Shrauta Brahmins:-The sub-class which has come
from Jajpur and north Odissa area. They stay north of
Brahmani River. First they settled in areas around Baitarani
River.
These above two sub-classes are eligible to perform Shrauta
rites, they abstain from doing temple services and they seldom
intermarry with other Brahmins.
2." Sevayata/Purohita ( /प ) Brahman" :-
They are also known as Sevaka, Sarua, Purohit or Pushpalak
Brahmans; they follow the Karmakanda and sometimes act as
priests for social as well for some temple functions. They give
more importance to temple worship, and priesthood.
They don't have right to organise Yagya. They can read Veda
and teach it. Some of them follow Agama also. The Sevayata
(प ) sections of Brahmans are divided into three
sub-classes which are as follows
A) Devalaka(Deyulia)Brahmins:-
[Surnames:- Badapanda, Pujapanda etc]. Their main
occupation is the service of the temple Gods and Goddess.
Many of them expertise in Vedic Karmakanda(rites for
marriage, upanayan etc) as well as temple worship.
Most of the Daitapati sevayatas of Jagannath Temple, Puri and
Lingaraj Temple belong to this sub class. Most of the temple in
Orissa have this sub class of Brahmins as chief priests..They
marry among themselves.Others Brahmans avoid to marry
them.
b) Paniyari(Panda)Brahmins:- [Surnames - Panda]. They are
also from the priestly section, some do rites and some do
temple services, some of them are cooks in temples and even in
religious organizations, and some travel all around India for
pilgrims to visit the temples of Jagannath/Narayan. Some of
them are engaged in business and trade of Agricultural
products. They have high percentage of population among all
Utkala Brahmans. They have power to populate very fast and
spread everywhere.
c)Jhadua(Aranyaka)Brahmins:- [Surnames - Dash].They are
also known as Panchadesi Brahmins.They constitute good
number of population of Utkala Brahmans in odisha and its
neighbouring states. They are the Brahman of Kannauj of
(Uttar Pradesh) north India
3."Halua Brahman (Agrarian Brahmans) ( )
[Surnames: - Thakur,Naik,GramPradhan or
Pradhan,Choudhury,Samantray,Sabat,Dalbehera etc].
That who cultivates in their own field and agriculture is their
main occupations are called Halua. Those who are halua by
occupation and Brahman by caste are called Halua Brahman.
Sutra:-
The teachings of Veda by eminent rishis are called sutras.
Every Veda has its own sutras. The sutras that deal with social,
moral and legal principles are called Dharma sutras.The sutras
that deal with ceremonials are called Srauta sutras .The sutras
that deal with domestic rituals are called Grihya sutras.The
sutras of different shakha people are as under;-
• Rigveda:Ashwalayana Shrauta and Grihya Sutra(Shakal
Shakha)
• Shukla Yajurveda:Katyayana Shrauta and Paraskara
Grihya(Kaanva Shakha)
• Samaveda:Drahyayana Shrauta and Gobhilya grihya
(Kauthuma Shakha)
• Atharvaveda: Vaitana Shrauta and Kaushika
grihya(Paippalada Shakha).
Shakha of Utkala Brahmans:-
Shakha (Sanskrit Shakha means "branch" or "limb"), is a
Hindu theological school that specialises in learning certain
Vedic texts/traditional texts followed by such a school.
Kakhra/kahkra
Gargaria
Rasagalla/Rasogolla/Rasgulla
प .
Jagannath temple &Mukti Mandap of Jagannath temple, the seat of Utkala Brahmans:
Gajapati Palace
Ruins of Palace-Garh Panchakot-courtesy Bodhisatta
Lingaraja Temple:-
Palace of Mahapatra Dynasty founded by Sripati Mahapatra at Simlapal.West Bengal.
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