Test Bank For Understanding Psychology 10th Edition by Morris
Test Bank For Understanding Psychology 10th Edition by Morris
Test Bank For Understanding Psychology 10th Edition by Morris
Full download:
http://downloadlink.org/p/test-bank-for-understanding-psychology-10th-
edition-by-morris/
Solutions Manual for Understanding Psychology 10th Edition by
Morris
Full download:
http://downloadlink.org/p/solutions-manual-for-understanding-
psychology-10th-edition-by-morris/
Multiple-Choice
1. The human brain has, on average, cells.
a. 100 million
b. 10 billion
c. 1 billion
d. 100 billion
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 41
Topic: Introduction
Skill: F
2. In the example of 5-year old Nico presented in your chapter, the young boy had half of his
brain surgically removed. Although very unusual, the outcome of this procedure was that Nico
.
a. retained most of his normal abilities
b. died in the weeks following the surgery
c. regenerated the missing half of his brain
d. was left with permanent disabilities
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 41
Topic: Introduction
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 41
Topic: Introduction
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 41
Topic: Introduction
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 41
Topic: Introduction
Skill: C
Learning Objectives
Describe a typical neuron. Distinguish between afferent, efferent, and association
neurons.
Describe how neurons transmit information including the concepts of resting potential,
polarization, action potential, graded potential, threshold of excitation, and the all-or-
none law.
Describe the parts of the synapse and the role of neurotransmitters in the synapse.
Explain “neural plasticity” and “neurogenesis.”
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 88% r = .10; 2 yr.: 86% r = .28
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
8. The brain of the average human being contains approximately 100 billion .
a. neurons
b. lobes
c. glands
d. nerves
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
9. The part of a neuron which contains the nucleus and has a complete set of the neuron’s
chromosomes and genes is the .
a. cell membrane
b. axon
c. dendrite
d. cell body
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
11. The short fibers that extend from the cell body, allowing it to receive messages from other
neurons are .
a. dendrites
b. synapses
c. axons
d. nerve bundles
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
13. The part of the neuron that carries outgoing messages either to another neuron or to a muscle
or gland is the .
a. cell body
b. dendrite
c. axon
d. myelin sheath
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
15. The length of an axon can range from 1 or 2 millimeters all the way up to up to
feet.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 89% r = .27
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 69% r = .28; 4 yr.: 76% r = .29
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
31. Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord
or the brain are called .
a. motor neurons
b. primary neurons
c. sensory neurons
d. interneurons
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
32. Neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord
or the brain are called neurons.
a. association
b. afferent
c. primary
d. efferent
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
33. Neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands are
called .
a. primary neurons
b. motor neurons
c. sensory neurons
d. interneurons
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
34. Neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands are
called neurons.
a. efferent
b. afferent
c. association
d. primary
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
35. Neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another are called neurons.
a. efferent
b. afferent
c. association
d. primary
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
36. Neurons that carry messages from one neuron to another are called .
a. efferent neurons
b. afferent neurons
c. interneurons
d. primary neurons
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
38. You are a cell in the human nervous system. Your primary function is to provide support for
neurons, hold them together, and help remove waste products and other substances, which could
otherwise harm them. You are a(n) cell.
a. adipose
Incorrect: These functions are carried out by glial cells, not by adipose cells.
b. epidermal
c. glial
Correct: Glial cells perform all of these functions, and are also the substance that make up the
myelin sheath.
d. lymph
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 43
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
39. Recent evidence suggests that glial cells and astrocytes may play an important role in
.
a. learning and memory
b. endocrine functioning
c. maturation and aging
d. growth and metabolic regulation
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 43
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
41. Electrically charged particles found both inside and outside the neuron are .
a. ions
b. free radicals
c. nodes
d. follicles
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
42. A resting potential is the electrical charge across a neural membrane when ions
concentrate on the outside and ions concentrate on the inside.
a. excess positive; excess negative
b. not enough negative; excess positive
c. excess negative; excess positive
d. not enough positive; excess negative
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
43. During its resting state, the electrical charge inside the neuron is the electrical
charge outside the neuron.
a. smaller than
b. positive compared to
c. negative compared to
d. larger than
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
44. An electrical charge occurs across the neural membrane when positive ions concentrate on
the outside and negative ions concentrate on the inside, is known as .
a. the resting potential
b. flux
c. depolarization
d. the action potential
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
45. Organisms or fluids attempting to enter the cell body of a neuron must first pass through the
.
a. cell membrane
Correct: The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the neuron’s cell body.
b. dendrite
c. axon
d. myelin sheath
Incorrect: The myelin sheath surrounds the neuron’s axon, not the cell body.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
46. When the electrical charge inside a neuron is negative in relation to the outside, the neuron is
said to be in a state of .
a. shock
b. polarization
c. equilibrium
d. depolarization
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
49. When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create .
a. an action potential
Correct: The action potential is caused by a depolarization resulting from the influx of sodium
ions through the neuron’s cellular membrane.
b. breakdown of the cell nucleus
c. a relative refractory period
Incorrect: A refractory period refers to a period after an action potential when another action
potential is more difficult to achieve.
d. internal combustion
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 84% r = .31
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
50. When enough sodium atoms have entered the neuron to make the inside positively charged
relative to the outside, the neuron is said to be .
a. depolarized
Correct: The changing of overall electrical potential from a negative to a positive state is called
depolarization.
b. resting
c. diffusing
d. polarized
Incorrect: A polarized state exists when the inside of the neuron has a negative charge compared
to the outside of the neuron.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
52. The process by which a neuron is depolarized in a surge running down the length of an axon
is called a(n) potential.
a. action
b. graded
c. kinetic
d. resting
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
53. When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, we say the neuron has .
a. reached equilibrium
Incorrect: A depolarization does not indicate a state of equilibrium, but rather a firing of a
neural impulse.
b. been neutralized
c. refracted
d. fired
Correct: Another way of saying this is that the neuron has experienced an action potential, which
can be thought of as its “firing” state.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1 2 yr.: 81% r = .11
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
55. If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in
the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is
called a(n) .
a. resting potential
b. action potential
Incorrect: An action potential refers to a state where a neuron has already fired, while graded
potentials are usually not adequate to cause a neural impulse on their own.
c. transitional polarization
d. graded potential
Correct: The sum of many graded potentials are what usually cause a neuron to fire, not a single
graded potential from one other neuron.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 45
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 81% r = .51; 4 yr.: 81% r = .28
Page Reference: 45
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
57. The level a neural impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire is called the .
a. threshold of excitation
b. kinetic potential
c. kinetic ceiling
d. polarization limit
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 45-46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
58. A frog muscle is stimulated with an electric current but the muscle doesn't twitch. This
probably happens because .
a. ionic balance has been restored
b. the synapses are underactive
c. the threshold of excitation was not reached
Correct: The threshold of excitation must be reached or exceeded for a neuron to respond.
d. the graded potential is too great
Incorrect: If the graded potential is “too great,” then the neuron will fire. If the muscle doesn’t
twitch, than the graded potential is too weak.
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 45-46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
59. “Depolarization,” “absolute refractory period,” and “threshold of excitation” are terms that
apply most directly to .
a. brain wave patterns (EEGs)
b. neural synapses
Incorrect: Synapses refer to microscopic gaps that separate two different neurons. These terms
do not apply to synapses.
c. computerized axial tomography
d. action potentials
Correct: These are all terms that apply to the neural impulse, also called the action potential.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 44-46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 44-46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 97% r = .27
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
63. A teacher grading papers opens the door of the room in which she has been working and
becomes aware of loud rock music coming from her son's radio. When she asks him to turn it
off, he asks why she is just noticing it now when he's had it on for over 20 minutes. Which of the
following psychological explanations is the least plausible explanation of what occurred after she
opened the door?
a. The volume of the music reached the threshold needed to fire her neurons.
b. The number of neurons firing increased considerably, bringing the music to her conscious
awareness.
Incorrect: The increase in stimulation causes more neurons to fire, and to fire more rapidly. If
these are sensory neurons, the teacher will suddenly become aware of the stimulus.
c. The neurons involved began to fire more quickly than they had before.
d. The strength of the neural impulses in each of the firing neurons increased markedly, bringing
the music to her conscious awareness.
Correct: The strength of a neural impulse is a fixed event. It does not change in response to an
increase in a stimulus.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
64. A young man is taking an important test in a large room. He is progressing nicely when,
about ten minutes into the exam, the proctor opens the window and he becomes distracted by the
noise of the traffic outside. Which of the following psychological explanations is the least
plausible explanation for what occurred when the window was opened?
a. The neurons involved went into their absolute refractory period.
Correct: The absolute refractory period does not explain why he suddenly became aware of a
stimulus. It refers to a period when an action potential cannot be generated following a neural
impulse.
b. The volume of the traffic sounds reached the threshold needed to fire many of his neurons.
Incorrect: The increase in volume causing the threshold of excitation to be exceeded would be a
good explanation for this event.
c. The number of neurons firing increased considerably, bringing the noise of the traffic into his
conscious awareness.
d. The neurons involved began to fire more quickly than they had before.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 53% r = .22
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 45
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 53% r = .21
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 73% r = .14
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
69. Immediately after firing, a neuron cannot fire again no matter how strong the incoming
messages may be. This period is called the period.
a. relative refractory
b. primary refractory
c. polarization
d. absolute refractory
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
70. The period after firing in which a neuron is returning to its normal polarized state and will
fire again only if the incoming message is extremely powerful is the period.
a. absolute refractory
b. relative refractory
c. recovery
d. secondary refractory
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
71. How can the nervous system represent increases in the intensity of a stimulus?
a. By increasing the number of neurons firing and the frequency of firing in each neuron.
Correct: When a stimulus is stronger, it can cause more neurons to fire, and to fire at an
accelerated rate.
b. Only by an increase in the number of neurons being fired.
c. Only by an increase in the frequency of firing in each neuron.
d. Only by an increase in the size of the action potential in each neuron that fires.
Incorrect: The action potential of each neuron is a fixed event. It does not get stronger in
response to a stronger stimulus.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 72% r = .22
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
72. The tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron is
called the .
a. synaptic cleft
b. synaptic knob
c. synaptic vesicle
d. synapse
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 83% r = .32; 4 yr.: 86% r = .19
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
73. The entire area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron, the synaptic cleft, and the
dendrite or cell body of the next neuron is called the .
a. synapse
b. synaptic knob
c. synaptic vesicle
d. synaptic space
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 81% r = .34
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
75. At the end of each branch of an axon, there is a tiny swelling called a _ .
a. synaptic knob
b. receptor site
c. synaptic vesicle
d. synaptic cleft
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
76. At the end of each branch of an axon, there is a tiny knob called the .
a. synaptic cleft
b. receptor site
c. terminal button
d. synaptic vesicle
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
77. Tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse are called .
a. synaptic nodes
b. synaptic knobs
c. synaptic vesicles
d. synaptic clefts
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
78. When a neural impulse reaches the end of an axon, it causes tiny oval sacs at the end of the
axon to release chemicals called .
a. hormones
b. neurotransmitters
c. antioxidants
d. electrolytes
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
79. Chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect
adjacent neurons are called .
a. pathogens
b. androgens
c. neurotransmitters
d. ions
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
81. When a neural impulse crosses the synaptic space, it does so .
a. via direct contact between the axon and the dendrite
Incorrect: Neurons do not come into contact with each other, but are separated by a microscopic
gap called a synaptic space.
b. through some, as yet, unknown process
c. through chemicals
Correct: Messages are sent from one neuron to another by chemicals called neurotransmitters.
d. like an electric spark
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
82. Locations on a neuron into which a specific neurotransmitter fits like a key into a lock are
called .
a. response terminals
b. neural chiasms
c. receptor sites
d. synaptic vesicles
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
83. plays a critical role as a transmitter where neurons meet skeletal muscles.
a. Serotonin
b. Endorphin
c. Acetylcholine
d. Dopamine
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
84. An elderly male is diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease. His physician tells him the
disorder involves a deficiency of .
a. acetylcholine
Correct: Alzheimer’s disease has been linked to a deficit of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain.
b. serotonin
c. norepinephrine
d. dopamine
Incorrect: There is no current research that has found an association between dopamine and
Alzheimer’s disease.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
85. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most like a “master key” that opens many locks
and attaches to as many as a dozen receptor sites?
a. dopamine
Incorrect: Dopamine is related to several functions, but the correct answer is serotonin.
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. serotonin
Correct: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that appears to be involved in many functions, and this
is sometimes thought of as a master key.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 66% r = .18; 2 yr.: 61% r = .16
Page Reference: 47-48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
88. An elderly person with Parkinson's disease is most likely to have a problem with which of the
following neurotransmitters?
a. dopamine
Correct: A deficit of dopamine is associated with Parkinson’s disease, while an excess is
associated with schizophrenia.
b. serotonin
c. acetylcholine
Incorrect: Acetylcholine is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, not Parkinson’s disease.
d. norepinephrine
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 50% r = .23
Page Reference: 47
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
89. Which of the following neurotransmitters is known for its role in schizophrenia and
Parkinson's disease?
a. norepinephrine
b. serotonin
c. dopamine
d. acetylcholine
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 47-48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 88% r = .26
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: C
91. Endorphins .
a. are less powerful than enkaphalins
b. reduce pain messages in the brain
c. are radically different in function from neurotransmitters
d. are found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 86% r = .22; 2 yr.: 78% r = .39
Page Reference: 47-48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
92. Pain-reducing chemicals that occur naturally in the brain are called .
a. androgens
b. endorphins
c. histamines
d. globulins
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 47-48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
93. One painkilling drug that locks into the same receptor sites as endorphins is .
a. barbiturates
b. neuroleptics
c. beta-blockers
d. morphine
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
94. Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and other narcotics are able to lock
into receptor sites for .
a. dopamine
b. serotonin
c. endorphins
d. acetylcholine
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 85% r = .14; 2 yr.: 88% r = .23
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
95. A middle-aged person who is depressed most likely has a problem with which of the
following neurotransmitters?
a. serotonin
Correct: Hypoactive serotonin levels have been found to be associated with the symptoms of
depression.
b. GABA
Incorrect: Your text does not discuss gamma aminobutyric acid as having a role in mood
disorders.
c. dopamine
d. acetylcholine
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46-48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
97. A person with schizophrenia is most likely to have a problem with which of the following
neurotransmitters?
a. norepinephrine
b. acetylcholine
c. dopamine
Correct: Excesses of dopamine in the brain are associated with the psychotic symptoms of
schizophrenia.
d. serotonin
Incorrect: Serotonin has been implicated in both anxiety and mood disorders, but has not been
shown to be related to schizophrenia.
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 29% r = .20
Page Reference: 47- 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: A
98. The ability of the brain to change in response to experience is called .
a. neural plasmosis
b. reticular formation
c. neurogenesis
d. neural plasticity
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
100. Rosenzweig's study found that when compared to rats raised in an impoverished
environment, rats raised in an enriched environment had neurons with
synaptic connections.
a. smaller; more
b. larger; more
c. smaller; fewer
d. larger; fewer
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
101. In recent research, Rosenweig found that a stimulating environment results in larger
neurons with more synaptic connections _.
a. in rats of any age
b. only in infant rats
c. only in adolescent rats
d. only in mature rats
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 48, 50
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
103. The toxin produced by the micro-organism that causes botulism prevents the release of
.
a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. endorphins
d. serotonin
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 49
Topic: Box: Applying Psychology: Drugs and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 49
Topic: Box: Applying Psychology: Drugs and Behavior
Skill: F
105. The poison of the black widow spider works by causing an outpouring of .
a. endorphins
b. acetylcholine
c. serotonin
d. dopamine
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 49
Topic: Box: Applying Psychology: Drugs and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 49
Topic: Box: Applying Psychology: Drugs and Behavior
Skill: F
107. After drinking several cups of strong coffee, a person develops “coffee nerves” or “jitters.”
This probably is due to the ability of caffeine to _ .
a. block adenosine receptor sites
Correct: Caffeine blocks the receptor sites for adenosine, which in turn leads to the release of
stimulating neurotransmitters such as epinephrine.
b. cause neurotransmitters to leak out of the synaptic vesicles and be destroyed by enzymes
c. cause an increase in the release of excitatory neurotransmitters
Incorrect: Caffeine does not directly cause an increase in excitatory neurotransmitters. In fact, it
blocks the depression of such mechanisms.
d. inhibit enzymes which break down excitatory neurotransmitters
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 49
Topic: Box: Applying Psychology: Drugs and Behavior
Skill: A
108. Despite its dangers, a young man continues to take cocaine because of the feelings of
euphoria it produces for him. This powerful arousal of his nervous system is probably due to
cocaine's ability to .
a. inhibit enzymes that break down neurotransmitters
b. block the receptor sites for neurotransmitters
c. increase the release of neurotransmitters
Incorrect: Cocaine does not increase the release of neurotransmitters; rather, it blocks their
reabsorption by the neuron that released them.
d. prevent neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed into the synaptic vesicles
Correct: The lack of reabsorption, or reuptake, of neurotransmitters causes a stimulated
euphoric feeling.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 49
Topic: Box: Applying Psychology: Drugs and Behavior
Skill: A
109. Undifferentiated precursor cells that, under the right conditions, can give rise to any
specialized cell in the body are called cells.
a. stem
b. receptor
c. glial
d. T-cells
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 50
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
110. Before birth, human embryos have a large supply of cells known as _ cells, which
are capable of becoming neurons.
a. Schwann
b. glial
c. mast
d. stem
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 50
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
111. In tests with animals, stem cells transplanted into a brain or spinal cord .
a. functioned for a while, but slowly died off
b. died almost immediately
c. survived but did not function or replace damaged cells
d. migrated to damaged areas and began to generate specialized neurons for replacement
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 50
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
112. In research with human patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, fetal nerve cell
transplants .
a. resulted in only sporadic, temporary improvements in motor control
b. improved motor control for periods of only 1 to 4 years
c. improved motor control for periods of 5 to 10 years
d. resulted in no improvement in motor control
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 50
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
113. Research on human brain tissue has found that human brains are .
a. capable of neurogenesis only during early childhood
b. capable of neurogenesis only through adolescence
c. capable of neurogenesis even in adulthood
d. not capable of neurogenesis after birth
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 50
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Learning Objectives
Identify the parts of the brain and their function. Explain what is meant by “hemispheric
specialization” and the functional differences between the two cerebral hemispheres.
Discuss how microelectrode techniques, macroelectrode techniques, structural imaging,
and functional imaging provide information about the brain.
Explain how the spinal cord works.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 2 yr.: 73% r = .29
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
115. The two main components of the human nervous system are the nervous system
and the nervous system.
a. central; peripheral
b. spinal; endocrine
c. sympathetic; parasympathetic
d. somatic; autonomic
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 93% r = .17
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
116. The division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord is the
system.
a. peripheral nervous
b. primary nervous
c. endocrine
d. central nervous
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
117. The central nervous system contains about percent of the body's neurons.
a. 70
b. 10
c. 30
d. 90
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
118. The brain and spinal cord contain about percent of the body's neurons.
a. 40
b. 65
c. 15
d. 90
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
119. The peripheral nervous system contains about percent of the body's neurons.
a. 70
b. 10
c. 30
d. 90
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
120. The division of the nervous system that connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the
body is the system.
a. central nervous
b. endocrine
c. peripheral nervous
d. secondary nervous
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 83% r = .25
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
123. All nerve cells and fibers that are not in the brain or spinal cord make up the
nervous system.
a. sympathetic
b. autonomic
c. central
Incorrect: The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
d. peripheral
Correct: The brain and spinal cord are the central nervous system. All nervous tissue anywhere
else in the body is the peripheral nervous system.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: C
124. The brain can be divided into layers that evolved in different stages of evolution.
a. four
b. two
c. five
d. three
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
125. Which of the following is not one of the layers of the brain that evolved in different stages
of evolution?
a. the central core
b. the executive core
c. the limbic system
d. the cerebral hemispheres
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
126. At the point where the spinal cord enters the skull, it becomes the .
a. forebrain
b. midbrain
c. limbic system
d. hindbrain
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: C
128. The part of the brain containing the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum is the .
a. cortex
Incorrect: The cerebral cortex is part of the forebrain, while these three structures are located in
the hindbrain.
b. corpus callosum
c. hindbrain
Correct: These structures are part of the primitive hindbrain.
d. limbic system
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 52-53
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: C
129. The part of the hindbrain that controls such functions as breathing, heart rate, and blood
pressure is the .
a. cerebral cortex
b. medulla
c. cerebellum
d. pons
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 79% r = .33; 4 yr.: 84% r = .40
Page Reference: 53
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
130. The point at which the nerves from the left side of the body cross over into the right side of
the brain, and vice versa, is the .
a. amygdala
b. pons
c. cerebellum
d. medulla
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 53
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
131. A college student is having difficulty staying awake during the day and sleeping through the
night. Her difficulties are most likely due to problems in the .
a. cerebellum
Incorrect: The cerebellum is part of the hindbrain, like the pons, but it is not responsible for
regulating our sleep-wake cycle.
b. basal ganglia
c. pons
Correct: The pons is the part of the hindbrain that regulates our sleep-wake cycle.
d. substantia nigra
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 75% r = .32
Page Reference: 53
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
132. The part of the hindbrain sometimes called the “little brain” is the .
a. cerebellum
b. cerebrum
c. medulla
d. limbic system
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 53
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
133. A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty
maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements. Injury to which part of her brain is
likely to be causing her difficulties?
a. cerebral cortex
b. cerebellum
Correct: The cerebellum is responsible for helping to coordinate fine motor control and balance.
c. medulla
Incorrect: The medulla is responsible for essential functions like breathing and regulating blood
pressure, not for balance and motor control.
d. thalamus
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 51% r = .42
Page Reference: 53-54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
134. The is located to the rear of the brain stem; it coordinates certain reflexes and
controls balance.
a. limbic system
b. cerebellum
c. medulla
d. cerebrum
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 53-54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
135. Susan has a degenerative disease that causes her to lose her balance easily and to move in a
jerky and uncoordinated way. She cannot drink from a glass without spilling it or touch her toes
without falling over. This disease is probably affecting her .
a. hypothalamus
Incorrect: The hypothalamus is indeed important for many kinds of drives, including sex and
hunger, but it is not related to coordination and balance.
b. cerebellum
Correct: The cerebellum is the part of the hindbrain that helps control balance and coordination.
c. midbrain
d. reticular formation
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 53-54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 61% r = .28; 2 yr.: 64% r = .38
Page Reference: 53-54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
137. The part of the hindbrain involved in emotional control, attention, memory, and
coordinating sensory information is the .
a. cerebrum
b. midbrain
c. medulla
d. cerebellum
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
138. The part of the brain where pain is registered and which is important in hearing and sight is
the .
a. reticular formation
b. medulla
c. hypothalamus
d. midbrain
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
139. The midbrain is largely involved in each of the following functions except .
a. hearing
b. perception of pain
c. regulation of hunger and thirst
d. sight
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
140. The structure directly over the brain stem that relays and translates sensory information is
the .
a. thalamus
b. amygdala
c. hypothalamus
d. hippocampus
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
141. The part of the brain that acts as a switchboard or relay station, sending incoming messages
to the appropriate areas of the brain, is the .
a. thalamus
b. pons
c. medulla
d. hypothalamus
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
142. The part of the brain that acts like a “thermostat,” regulating hunger, thirst, sexual drive,
and body temperature, is the .
a. thalamus
b. amygdala
c. hypothalamus
d. hippocampus
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
143. The part of the brain responsible for emotional behavior such as experiencing rage, terror,
or pleasure is the .
a. amygdala
b. hippocampus
c. thalamus
d. hypothalamus
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 54% r = .37; 4 yr.: 64% r = .10
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
144. Eating, drinking, sexual behavior, sleeping, and temperature control are most strongly
influenced by the .
a. medulla
b. pons
c. hypothalamus
d. amygdala
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 83% r = .31; 4 yr.: 87% r = .20
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
145. Garfield is having great difficulty controlling his appetite. All he wants to do is eat, and no
matter how much he eats, he is still hungry. His weight is approaching 400 pounds and he still
constantly wants to eat. His physician says the problem is due to a disorder in a specific center of
the brain. That brain center is most likely to be the .
a. hippocampus
Incorrect: The hippocampus plays an important role in memory and certain emotions, but is not
involved in the regulation of hunger.
b. hypothalamus
Correct: The hypothalamus controls, among other functions, our hunger drive.
c. thalamus
d. amygdala
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
146. After his last class, Carlos went out to his car to get some books to return to the library. He
found that during the day someone had badly smashed his rear bumper. He was furious and
began pounding on the hood and shouting obscenities. What area of the brain was guiding his
behavior?
a. the hypothalamus
Correct: The hypothalamus controls many functions, and has been found to regulate emotions
including rage, terror, and pleasure.
b. the medulla
Incorrect: The medulla may have helped increase Carlos’s blood pressure, circulation, and
respiration, but it was not directly responsible for Carlos’s rage behavior.
c. the thalamus
d. the midbrain
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 70% r = .35
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
147. Darlene just found out that she made the dean's list, and she's in ecstasy -- singing and
dancing down the hallway near her dorm room. Which area of the brain is directing her
emotional reaction?
a. the hypothalamus
Correct: The hypothalamus controls many functions, and has been found to regulate emotions
including rage, terror, and pleasure.
b. the reticular formation
c. the cingulate gyrus
d. the thalamus
Incorrect: The thalamus may have helped Darlene dance around without falling over, but it did
not inspire her emotional reaction of pleasure.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
148. The network of neurons in the hindbrain, midbrain, and part of the forebrain whose primary
function is to alert and arouse the higher parts of the brain is the .
a. endocrine system
b. temporal lobe
c. limbic system
d. reticular formation
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
149. The part of the brain that sends “alert” messages to the higher brain structures is the
.
a. endocrine system
b. temporal lobe
c. limbic system
d. reticular formation
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
151. Permanent damage to the reticular formation can cause .
a. a coma
b. problems with equilibrium
c. nightmares
d. hyperactive behavior
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
152. The part of the brain most people think of when they talk about the brain is the .
a. pons
b. medulla
c. cerebellum
d. cerebrum
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
153. The outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulate most complex behavior is
called the .
a. cerebral cortex
b. cerebellum
c. corpus callosum
d. substantia nigra
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
154. The most recent part of the nervous system to evolve is the .
a. cerebellum
b. cerebral cortex
c. limbic system
d. midbrain
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 70% r = .31; 2 yr.: 61% r = .14
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
155. The cerebral cortex contains about percent of the neurons in the human central
nervous system.
a. 30
b. 50
c. 90
d. 70
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
156. The cerebral cortex accounts for about percent of the weight of the human brain.
a. 20
b. 60
c. 80
d. 40
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
157. The intricate network of folds that line the outer surface of the cerebral cortex, allowing it to
fit inside the skull, are called .
a. convolutions
b. sensory projection areas
c. association areas
d. motor projections
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 39% r = .30
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: C
159. Incoming messages are combined into meaningful impressions in the areas.
a. motor projection
b. association
c. convolution
d. sensory projection
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 48% r = .29
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
160. Messages from separate senses are combined and integrated in the .
a. motor projection areas
b. midbrain
c. association areas
d. sensory projection areas
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
161. The lobe accounts for about one-half the volume of the human brain.
a. temporal
b. frontal
c. occipital
d. parietal
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
162. The lobe of the brain that serves as the “executive control center” for the brain is the
lobe.
a. occipital
b. frontal
c. parietal
d. temporal
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
164. The lobe of the cerebral cortex that receives and coordinates messages from the other three
lobes of the cortex is the lobe.
a. parietal
b. temporal
c. occipital
d. frontal
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
165. The section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement is the .
a. primary motor cortex
Correct: The primary motor cortex sends messages to glands and muscles. Some of those
messages are related to voluntary movement.
b. association areas
Incorrect: The association areas are responsible for interpreting various types of sensory input,
not controlling voluntary movement.
c. primary somatosensory cortex
d. sensory projection areas
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: C
166. The lobe of the brain most involved in motivation, persistence, emotional responses,
character, and moral decision making is the lobe.
a. occipital
b. parietal
c. frontal
d. temporal
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
167. Messages from the brain to the various muscles and glands in the body begin their journey
in the .
a. primary motor cortex
b. sensory projection areas
c. primary somatosensory cortex
d. association areas
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 55
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
168. Phineas Gage was a foreman on a railroad crew who suffered brain damage in a blasting
accident. After the accident, he lost interest in his job and had difficulty maintaining any goal-
directed behaviors. He seemed apathetic and capable of only shallow emotions. The damaged
part of his brain was probably the lobe.
a. parietal
Incorrect: The frontal lobe controls the functions that were impaired in Gage after his accident.
b. temporal
c. occipital
d. frontal
Correct: The frontal lobe is responsible for many of these functions. In the case of Gage,
emotional regulation was severely impaired by damage to his frontal lobe.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 94% r = .24
Page Reference: 55
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
169. After an industrial accident in which George fell from a scaffold and hit his head, he has
had trouble following directions or completing his normal work tasks. He is also apathetic,
although he has periods of boastfulness and silliness. The damaged part of his brain is probably
the lobes.
a. occipital
Incorrect: The symptoms George experienced are consistent with damage to the frontal, not the
occipital, lobe.
b. parietal
c. temporal
d. frontal
Correct: George’s symptoms are similar to those of Phineas Gage, who probably suffered severe
damage to his frontal lobe and suffered from the same symptoms.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 55
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
170. Loss of motivation and ability to concentrate is the major outcome of damage to the
lobe.
a. occipital
b. parietal
c. temporal
d. frontal
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 55
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
171. The part of the brain that receives and interprets visual information is the lobe.
a. frontal
b. temporal
Incorrect: The temporal lobe, located at the sides of the brain, is responsible for processing
auditory information.
c. occipital
Correct: The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for processing visual
information.
d. parietal
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: C
172. After a head injury a person reports that she is unable to see, although her eyes are
uninjured. A doctor would suspect an injury in the lobe.
a. occipital
Correct: The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for processing visual
information.
b. parietal
c. frontal
d. temporal
Incorrect: The temporal lobe, located at the sides of the brain, is responsible for processing
auditory information.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
173. The part of the cerebral cortex that receives sensory information from throughout the body
from sense receptors in the skin, muscles, joints and internal organs is the lobe.
a. parietal
b. frontal
c. occipital
d. temporal
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
174. Corey was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. She now has
difficulty reading road maps and telling other people how to get somewhere. She has most likely
suffered an injury to her lobe.
a. occipital
Incorrect: The occipital lobe is responsible for visual perception, but spatial skills like those that
are impaired in Corey are controlled in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
b. temporal
c. frontal
d. parietal
Correct: Spatial recognition skills, like reading a map and following/giving directions, are
controlled in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
175. Messages from the sense receptors are registered in those areas of the brain called the
.
a. hemispheric lateralization areas
b. primary somatosensory cortex
c. motor projection areas
d. association areas
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
177. Corey was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. She now has
difficulty maintaining her balance and normal body positions. Her ability to understand and
comprehend language has also been injured. The part of her brain most likely injured was her
lobe.
a. parietal
b. temporal
Correct: These important functions, including language comprehension, are most significantly
controlled in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
c. occipital
d. frontal
Incorrect: The frontal lobe plays some part in language comprehension, but the temporal lobe is
the best answer.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
178. Corey was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. She now has
difficulty with her hearing and her ability to recognize faces. The part of her brain most likely
injured was her _ lobe.
a. frontal
Incorrect: The frontal lobes control many different functions in the brain, but facial recognition
and auditory reception are handled by the temporal lobes.
b. temporal
Correct: Facial recognition and auditory reception are controlled by the temporal lobes of the
cerebrum.
c. occipital
d. parietal
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 76% r = .45
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
179. The part of the brain that helps regulate hearing, balance and equilibrium, certain emotions
and motivation, and recognizing faces is the lobe.
a. parietal
b. temporal
c. frontal
d. occipital
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
180. The lobe of the brain that regulates emotions and motivations such as anxiety, pleasure, and
anger is the lobe.
a. occipital
b. frontal
c. parietal
d. temporal
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
182. The loosely connected ring of structures between the central core and the cerebral
hemispheres that control emotion and is involved in the formation of new memories is the
.
a. endocrine system
b. limbic system
Correct: The limbic system is sometimes referred to as our “emotional control center,” and
contains structures like the hippocampus that are important in memory.
c. reticular formation
Incorrect: The reticular formation, generally thought to be part of the midbrain, is not involved
in emotional control or the formation of new memories.
d. pons
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: C
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
184. George was in an automobile accident several years ago in which he suffered severe head
injuries. Since the mishap, he has been unable to form new memories. He can remember
everything he did before the accident but he cannot remember what he just said five minutes ago.
The part of George's brain the was injured was probably the .
a. reticular formation
b. spinal cord
Incorrect: The spinal cord, though part of the central nervous system, is not an accurate answer.
It has nothing to do with the formation of new memories.
c. brain stem
d. hippocampus
Correct: The hippocampus is a part of the limbic system, and is responsible for the formation of
new memories.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
185. The limbic system structures that seem especially important to emotions related to self-
preservation and when stimulated cause fear or panic reactions or attack behaviors are the
.
a. septum and the cingulate gyrus
b. amygdala and the hippocampus
c. hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus
d. reticular formation and the amygdala
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
186. Imagine that you believe that increased neural activity in the human limbic system produces
increases in aggressive behavior. Which of the following findings would not provide support for
your theory?
a. The limbic system is stimulated electrically and aggression increases.
b. Portions of the limbic system are destroyed and aggression increases.
Correct: If the limbic system controls aggressive behavior, than destroying this brain structure
would decrease aggression.
c. A depressant drug is administered to an area of the brain that inhibits the limbic system and
aggression increases.
Incorrect: Depressing the function of a limbic system inhibitor would, in fact, lead to increased
aggression.
d. An area of the brain that inhibits the limbic system is destroyed and aggression increases.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 43% r = .22
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
187. Our ability to read the facial expressions of emotion in other people is registered primarily
in the .
a. corpus callosum
b. limbic system
c. thalamus
d. hypothalamus
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
188. The thick bundle of nerves connecting the two cerebral hemispheres which coordinates their
activities is the .
a. reticular formation
b. corpus callosum
c. substantia nigra
d. caudate nucleus
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 78% r = .31; 4 yr.: 93% r = .05; 2 yr.: 81% r = .37
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 88% r = .19
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
190. A “split-brain” patient is asked to stare at a spot on a screen. When a picture of an object is
shown to the right of the spot, the patient can .
a. pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her right hand, but cannot identify it
verbally
b. identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand
Incorrect: The information in the right side of the right visual field can be identified by the right
hand, not the left hand.
c. identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her right hand
Correct: The information in the right side of the right visual field can be identified by the right
hand.
d. pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand, but cannot identify it
verbally
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 28% r = .25
Page Reference: 58-59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
191. A “split brain” patient is asked to stare at a spot on a screen. When a picture of an object is
shown to the left of the spot, the patient can .
a. pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her right hand, but cannot identify it
verbally
b. identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her right hand c.
identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand
Incorrect: Verbal identification and physical selection require the functions of both hemispheres.
In this case, only the right hemisphere is active so verbal identification would be unlikely.
d. pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand, but cannot identify it
verbally
Correct: Most people process verbal recognition of objects in their left hemispheres. This object
is processed in the right hemisphere, so it can be picked out physically but not identified
verbally.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 19% r = .15
Page Reference: 58-59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
192. Split-brain patients who are shown objects in such a way that the visual information goes
only to the right hemisphere of the brain _.
a. can name the objects and can point to them with their right hand
b. can neither name the objects nor point to them with their right hand
c. cannot name the objects, but can point to them with their right hand
d. can name the objects, but cannot point to them with their right hand
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 82% r = .22 4 yr.: 80% r = .22
Page Reference: 58-59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
193. Split-brain patients who are shown objects in such a way that the visual information goes
only to the left hemisphere of the brain .
a. cannot name the objects, but can point to them with their left hand
b. can neither name the objects nor point to them with their left hand
c. can name the objects, but cannot point to them with their left hand
d. can name the objects and can point to them with their left hand
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 58-59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
194. Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in language tasks?
a. the front hemisphere
b. the right hemisphere
c. the rear hemisphere
d. the left hemisphere
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 81% r = .24; 2 yr.: 58% r = .30
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
195. The fact that language is usually related most closely to the left hemisphere explains why
.
a. damage to the left hemisphere may cause language disorders
b. the right hemisphere is usually larger than the left
c. the left hemisphere is usually larger than the right
d. stroke victims with paralysis on the left side of the body may have severe speech problems
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 50% r = .13
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
197. Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in spatial tasks?
a. the rear hemisphere
b. the left hemisphere
c. the front hemisphere
d. the right hemisphere
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 71% r = .35
Skill: F
198. A baby is born with an impairment of his left cerebral hemisphere, but it is not discovered
until years later, when certain clues are pieced together. Which of the following is most likely to
be one of those clues?
a. He has difficulty with geometry.
b. He has difficulty perceiving concepts and spatial relationships.
Incorrect: Spatial skills are usually the responsibility of the right cerebral hemisphere.
c. He has difficulty learning to read.
Correct: The left cerebral hemisphere, in most people, is responsible for language abilities,
including reading skills.
d. He has difficulty recognizing people's faces.
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3 2 yr.: 45% r = .34
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
199. A baby is born with an impairment of her right cerebral hemisphere, but it is not discovered
until years later, when certain clues are pieced together. Which of the following is least likely to
be one of those clues?
a. She has trouble picking up objects with her left hand.
b. She has trouble understanding the meaning of a story that is read to her.
c. She has difficulty perceiving spatial relationships.
Incorrect: Spatial skills are usually the responsibility of the right cerebral hemisphere.
d. She has severe language problems.
Correct: The left cerebral hemisphere, in most people, is responsible for language abilities,
including reading skills.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
200. Each of the following statements about differences in hemispheric functioning is true except
.
a. normally, the two hemispheres communicate with each other and work together in an
integrated, coordinated way
b. differences in the hemispheres appear to be greater in women than in men
c. not everyone shows the same pattern of difference in functioning between the left and right
hemispheres
d. both hemispheres have the potential to perform a wide range of tasks
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Skill: F
202. The notion that human language is primarily controlled by the left hemisphere was first set
forth by .
a. Wernicke
b. Gall
c. Broca
d. Korsakoff
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
203. The area of the frontal lobe that is crucial in our ability to talk is area.
a. Gall's
b. Broca's
c. Korsakoff's
d. Wernicke's
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
204. The area at the back of the temporal lobe that is crucial in our ability to listen, process, and
understand what others are saying is area.
a. Gall's
b. Korsakoff's
c. Broca's
d. Wernicke's
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
205. Simply put, Broca's area is important for , and Wernicke's area is important for
.
a. talking; listening
b. listening; talking
c. listening; listening
d. talking; talking
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
206. Broca and Wernicke are most well known for studying how the brain processes .
a. spatial information
b. pain
c. abstract information
d. language
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
207. Language difficulties that often result from strokes or other brain injuries are called
.
a. anosmias
b. aphasias
c. occlusions
d. hematomas
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 59-60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
208. Amy has suffered damage to Broca's area in her brain. She is most likely to exhibit
aphasia.
a. expressive
Correct: Broca’s area is essential to our ability to talk, or express ourselves, so damage to this
area results in expressive aphasia.
b. receptive
Incorrect: Wernicke’s area is the part of the brain associated with the reception and
comprehension of language. Broca’s area deals with expressive language skills.
c. inclusive
d. occlusive
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
209. Amy has suffered damage to Wernicke's area in her brain. She is most likely to exhibit
aphasia.
a. inclusive
b. receptive
Correct: Wernicke’s area is the part of the brain associated with the reception and
comprehension of language. Damage to this area would result in receptive aphasia.
c. occlusive
d. expressive
Incorrect: Broca’s area is essential to our ability to talk, or express ourselves, so damage to this
area results in expressive aphasia.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
213. A technique in which a tiny quartz or glass pipette (smaller in diameter than a human hair)
that is filled with conducting fluid and placed on the surface of a neuron so that scientists can
study changes in the electrical conditions of that particular neuron is called .
a. structural imaging
b. a macroelectrode technique
c. a microelectrode recording technique
d. functional imaging
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
215. techniques are used to obtain an overall picture of activity in particular regions of
the brain.
a. Microelectrode
b. Macroelectrode
c. Functional imaging
d. Structural imaging
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
218. If you wanted to measure various brain waves, which of the following techniques should
you use?
a. a macroelectrode technique
b. structural imaging
c. a microelectrode technique
d. functional imaging
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
219. A technique in which more than two dozen electrodes are placed at important locations on
the scalp and they then record the brain's electrical activity in a way that is converted by a
computer into colored images on a TV screen and used to detect abnormal cortical activity such
as that occurring during an epileptic seizure is .
a. magnetoencephalography (MEG)
b. the electroencephalograph (EEG)
c. positron emission tomography (PET) scanning
d. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
220. When brain researchers want to map the structures in a living human brain, they turn to
.
a. structural imaging
b. macroelectrode techniques
c. functional imaging
d. microelectrode techniques
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
222. A technique in which an X-ray photography unit rotates around a patient, moving from the
top of the head to the bottom, creating a series of images that are combined by a computer to
produce pictures of the inner regions of the brain is called .
a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b. computerized axial tomography scanning (CT scanning)
c. magnetic source imaging (MSI)
d. EEG imaging
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 61
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
223. When brain researchers want to map the structures in a living human brain, they use
.
a. an EEG
b. MEG or MSI
c. a CAT scan or an MRI
d. EEG imaging
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 61-62
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
224. Which of the following would provide the best map of physical structures in the brains of
living human beings?
a. magnetoencephalography (MEG)
b. positron emission tomography (PET) scanning
c. electroencephalography (EEG) imaging
d. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 61-62
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 62
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 62
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
227. A brain imaging technique that uses radioactive energy to map brain activity is .
a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b. magnetic source imaging (MSI)
c. magnetoencephalogaphy (MEG)
d. positron emission tomography (PET) scanning
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 62
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
228. A brain imaging technique that measures the movement of blood molecules in the brain is
.
a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
b. magnetoencephalogaphy (MEG)
c. positron emission tomography (PET) scanning
d. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 62
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
229. An imaging technique that has been useful in helping researchers discover the biological
origins of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is .
a. magnetoencephalogaphy (MEG)
b. positron emission tomography (PET) scanning
c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
d. magnetic source imaging (MSI)
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
230. The cable of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body is called the .
a. caudate nucleus
b. substantia nigra
c. spinal cord
d. reticular formation
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 94% r = .23; 2 yr.: 92% r = .33
Page Reference: 63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
234. When you pull your hand away rapidly after burning it on a hot pan, the sequence of neural
activation is .
a. motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons
b. interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons
c. sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons
d. sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 63-64
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
235. Allan gingerly puts his fingertips on the hot handle of the skillet in which he's cooking
supper, but he instantly pulls his hand away. His reaction is due to the functioning of the
.
a. medulla
Incorrect: The medulla would not be involved in the withdrawal reaction to a hot surface.
b. limbic system
c. spinal cord
Correct: The spinal cord allows for rapid communication between sensory neurons,
interneurons, and motor neurons that allow such a reflex to occur.
d. hypothalamus
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 63-64
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: A
Learning Objectives
Identify the peripheral nervous system and contrast the functions of the somatic and
autonomic nervous systems.
Explain the differences between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous
systems.
236. The nervous system links the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.
a. peripheral
b. generic
c. central
d. tertiary
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 64
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
238. Neurons that carry messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord or the brain are called
neurons.
a. afferent
b. sensory
c. inter-
d. efferent
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
239. Neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands are
called neurons.
a. inter-
b. sensory
c. efferent
d. afferent
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
240. A young woman returns from a day at the beach to find she has developed severe sunburn.
Which neurons are sending messages from her burned skin to her brain informing her of the pain
from the burn?
a. motor neurons
b. interaction neurons
c. afferent neurons
Correct: Afferent, or sensory, neurons take messages to the central nervous system from the
sensory organs.
d. efferent neurons
Incorrect: Efferent, or motor, neurons take messages from the central nervous system to muscles
and glands.
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: A
241. Neurons that send messages from the spinal cord to the foot do so through
neurons.
a. sensory
b. efferent
c. secondary
d. afferent
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
242. A young man reads in a letter that he has just won $1,000 in a statewide lottery and he
literally jumps for joy. Which neurons are sending messages from his brain to the muscles in his
legs causing him to jump?
a. sensory neurons
b. interactive neurons
c. efferent neurons
Correct: Efferent, or motor, neurons take messages from the central nervous system to muscles
and glands.
d. afferent neurons
Incorrect: Afferent, or sensory, neurons take messages to the central nervous system from the
sensory organs.
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: A
243. The peripheral nervous system consists of the and the nervous
systems.
a. central; reflex
b. afferent; efferent
c. somatic; autonomic
d. sympathetic; parasympathetic
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 41% r = .22; 2 yr.: 53% r = .41
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
244. The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are two major divisions of the
nervous system.
a. parasympathetic
b. central
c. sympathetic
d. peripheral
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 73% r = .48
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
245. All the things that we can sense (sights, sounds, smells, temperature, taste, and pressure)
have their origins in the nervous system.
a. secondary
b. peripheral
c. central
d. autonomic
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
246. Every deliberate action you make, from pedaling a bike to scratching a toe, involves
neurons in the nervous system.
a. secondary
b. somatic
c. sympathetic
d. parasympathetic
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
247. The nervous system is composed of all the neurons that carry messages between
your central nervous system and all of the internal organs of your body.
a. somatic
b. secondary
c. central
d. autonomic
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
248. The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an
emergency is the division.
a. sympathetic
b. central
c. secondary
d. parasympathetic
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
250. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are part of the nervous system.
a. autonomic
b. central
c. tertiary
d. somatic
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
251. You're walking all alone down a dark street when suddenly you hear a scream and then
footsteps coming closer and closer. Your heart begins to pound, you're scared stiff, and you feel
like running. Which part of the nervous system causes your body's reaction?
a. the somatic nervous system
Incorrect: The somatic nervous system generally controls voluntary functions, while the
autonomic nervous system controls the automatic functions that are taking place when you are
ready to run from a threat like this.
b. the autonomic nervous system
Correct: The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic branch, which helps to speed
our body up in a crisis or emergency.
c. the midbrain
d. the hippocampus
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 72% r = .25
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: A
252. It's midnight and you are alone in your room studying. You hear a loud crash outside your
room and your whole body reacts instantly. Your pupils dilate, your heart rate increases, your
blood pressure rises, adrenaline surges through your body, and your senses sharpen as you begin
anxiously looking for whatever caused the crash. These reactions are produced by the .
a. parasympathetic division
Incorrect: The autonomic nervous system includes the parasympathetic branch, which helps to
slow our body back down after a crisis has ended.
b. central nervous system
c. sympathetic division
Correct: The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic branch, which helps to speed
our body up in a crisis or emergency.
d. somatic nervous system
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 69% r = .31; 2 yr.: 83% r = .35
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: A
253. It's midnight and you are alone in your room studying. You hear a loud crash outside your
room. Your body instantly reacts to this potential threat as you feel your heart pounding and your
senses sharpening. Then you see your lumbering English sheep dog walking around the hallway
corner and realize that the crash was undoubtedly from something he knocked over. Recovering
from your alarm, your body now relaxes and you return to normal. The body system helping you
to return to normal is the .
a. somatic nervous system
b. sympathetic division
Incorrect: The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic branch, which helps to speed
our body up in a crisis or emergency.
c. parasympathetic division
Correct: The autonomic nervous system includes the parasympathetic branch, which helps to
slow our body back down after a crisis has ended.
d. spinal cord
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: A
254. The heavy footsteps on the stairs get closer and closer. Slowly, the door to the bedroom
creaks open. As a strange man with a knife in his hand lunges in, you let out an ear-piercing
scream. Which of the following most accurately describes your nervous system at this point?
a. Your parasympathetic nervous system is more active than your sympathetic nervous system.
Incorrect: The parasympathetic nervous system is what decreases and slows our various
physiological functions when a crisis or emergency has been resolved.
b. Neither your sympathetic nor your parasympathetic nervous systems are unusually active.
c. Both your sympathetic and your parasympathetic nervous systems are extremely active.
d. Your sympathetic nervous system is more active than your parasympathetic nervous system.
Correct: The sympathetic nervous system is what stimulates and activates various physiological
functions when we are faced with a crisis or emergency.
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 76% r = .36; 4 yr.: 79% r = .48
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: A
255. The branch of the autonomic nervous system that calms and relaxes the body is the
division.
a. parasympathetic
b. secondary
c. sympathetic
d. central
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 66
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
Learning Objective
Describe the endocrine glands and the way their hormones affect behavior.
256. Regarding the two communication systems that integrate and coordinate behavior, the
nervous system and the endocrine system, .
a. the nervous system can influence the activity of the hormonal system
b. these systems influence each other's activities
Correct: The endocrine system is largely under the control of the hypothalamus, which is part of
the nervous system.
c. these systems work independently of one another; one uses neurons, the other the bloodstream
d. the hormonal system can influence the activity of the nervous system
Incorrect: While this may be correct, it is not the most accurate answer option given.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 72% r = .17
Page Reference: 66-67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: C
257. The system which coordinates and integrates behavior by secreting chemicals into the
bloodstream is called the system.
a. somatic
b. limbic
c. autonomic
d. endocrine
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 66-67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
258. Chemical substances released by the endocrine glands to help regulate bodily functions are
.
a. neurotransmitters
b. enzymes
c. antigens
d. hormones
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
259. The messages in the nervous system are carried through nerves; the messages in the
endocrine system are carried through .
a. the somatic system
b. the bloodstream
Correct: Hormones are released directly into the bloodstream, and that is how the impact
behaviors.
c. ducts
d. glands
Incorrect: Hormones are released by glands, but they are carried through the bloodstream.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 70% r = .25
Page Reference: 67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: C
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
261. The glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream are called glands.
a. hippocampal
b. endocrine
c. lymph
d. exocrine
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
262. Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?
a. It plays an important role in the body's response to stressful situations.
b. Its messages stimulate only a limited number of cells at a time.
c. It communicates its messages at a slower speed than the nervous system.
d. It relays information through chemical messengers called hormones.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 67% r = .19; 4 yr.: 68% r = .19; 4 yr.: 65% r = .27
Page Reference: 67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
263. The endocrine gland that is often called the “master gland” because it affects the output of
the other endocrine glands is the gland.
a. pituitary
Correct: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland.
b. pineal
Incorrect: The pineal gland is important in our sleep functions, but it is not the “master gland.”
c. thyroid
d. adrenal
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 67-68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: C
264. The gland that produces the largest number of different hormones and has the widest range
of effects on the body's functions is the gland.
a. thyroid
b. pineal
c. adrenal
d. pituitary
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 61% r = .24; 2 yr.: 76% r = .23; 2 yr.: 79% r = .47
Page Reference: 67-68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
265. Which of the following does not belong biologically with the other four?
a. pineal
b. adrenal cortex
c. thalamus
Correct: The thalamus is a structure in the brain. The other answers are all endocrine glands.
d. pituitary
Incorrect: The pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the master gland, and it controls the
other glands in the body, including the pineal and adrenal glands.
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 80% r = .27
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: C
266. The influences blood pressure, thirst, milk production, sexual behavior, and body
growth.
a. pancreas
b. thyroid gland
c. pituitary gland
d. pineal gland
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
268. The hormone released by the pineal gland that reduces body temperature and prepares you
for sleep is .
a. HGH
b. parathormone
c. melatonin
d. DHEA
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
269. The hormone that regulates the body's metabolic rate, affecting people's weight and energy
levels, is .
a. insulin
b. thyroxin
c. glucagon
d. parathormone
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 88% r = .08
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
270. The endocrine gland located below the voice box that produces the hormone for regulating
the body's rate of metabolism is the gland.
a. adrenal
b. thyroid
c. pituitary
d. parathyroid
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
271. Gloria's friends have recently noticed a startling change in her behavior. She eats everything
in sight but gains little, if any, weight. She speeds around the room as if she were taking
amphetamines. She seems constantly tense and agitated, and has trouble sleeping. She has
become impulsive and lately she seems to be upset by even the slightest stress. The source of
Gloria's problems is probably an gland.
a. overactive pituitary
b. overactive thyroid
Correct: An overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can lead to such symptoms as irritability,
insomnia, and difficulty sleeping.
c. underactive pituitary
d. underactive thyroid
Incorrect: An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) ordinarily leads to fatigue and excessive
sleepiness.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: A
272. Andrew's friends have noticed that lately he sleeps constantly but is always tired and
complains of feeling too hot or too cold. Although Andrew had formerly been very athletic,
lately his muscle tone has been greatly reduced. The source of Andrew's problem is probably an
gland.
a. underactive thyroid
Correct: An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) ordinarily leads to fatigue and excessive
sleepiness.
b. overactive thyroid
Incorrect: An overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can lead to such symptoms as irritability,
insomnia, and difficulty sleeping.
c. overactive pituitary
d. underactive pituitary
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 98% r = .25; 2 yr.: 77% r = .23
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: A
273. The four tiny glands that secrete the hormone that controls and balances tissue fluids and
levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are the .
a. adrenal glands
b. parathyroid glands
c. lymph glands
d. gonads
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
274. The two hormones which keep the blood-sugar level properly balanced are .
a. growth hormone and ACTH
b. thyroxin and parathormone
c. insulin and glucagon
d. epinephrine and norepinephrine
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 82% r = .31
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
276. The organ lying between the stomach and small intestine that secretes insulin and glucagon
to regulate blood-sugar levels is the .
a. kidney
b. liver
c. pancreas
d. adrenal gland
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
280. The endocrine glands located just above the kidneys that release hormones important for
dealing with stress are the .
a. pituitary glands
b. gonads
c. parathyroid glands
d. adrenal glands
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 82% r = .38; 2 yr.: 67% r = .29
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
281. The adrenal glands are important in your body's reaction to .
a. digestion
b. pleasurable fantasy
c. sleep
d. stress
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
283. The outer covering of the two adrenal glands that releases hormones important for dealing
with stress is the adrenal .
a. simplex
b. medulla
c. ganglia
d. cortex
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
284. The inner core of the two adrenal glands that releases hormones important for dealing with
stress is the adrenal .
a. simplex
b. cortex
c. medulla
d. ganglia
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
285. The hormone that activates the sympathetic nervous system causing the heart to beat faster,
digestion to stop, the pupils of the eyes to enlarge, and more sugar to flow into the bloodstream is
.
a. dopamine
b. norepinephrine
c. epinephrine
d. acetylcholine
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
286. The hormone that causes the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones that prolong
responses to stress, thus causing you to remain aroused for some time after extreme emotional
excitement is .
a. epinephrine
b. acetylcholine
c. norepinephrine
d. dopamine
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Learning Objectives
Distinguish among genetics, behavior genetics, and evolutionary psychology.
Differentiate between genes, chromosomes, DNA, and the human genome. Describe
what is meant by dominant and recessive genes, polygenic inheritance, and genotype vs.
phenotype.
Compare and contrast strain studies, selection studies, family studies, twin studies, and
adoption studies as sources of information about the effects of heredity.
Identify the key ethical issues that arise as society gains more control over genetics.
Describe how evolutionary psychologists view the influence of natural selection on
human social behavior.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
293. The subfield of psychology concerned with the roots of behaviors and mental processes is
.
a. psychoneuroendocrinology
b. evolutionary psychology
c. behavior genetics
d. psychobiology
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
294. The study of how plants, animals, and people pass traits from one generation to the next is
called .
a. genetics
b. trait theory
c. heredity
d. epidemiology
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
295. The most basic elements of heredity that control the transmission of traits are .
a. cells
b. genes
c. proteins
d. chromosomes
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 95% r = .19; 2 yr.: 86% r = .31
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
298. At fertilization, the chromosomes from the father's sperm unite with the chromosomes from
the mother's egg, creating a new cell called a(n) _ .
a. zygote
b. blastocyst
c. genome
d. embryo
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
301. The complex molecule that forms the code for all genetic information is .
a. RNA
Incorrect: Ribonucleic acid, or RNA, is an important part of heredity, but the best answer is
DNA.
b. messenger RNA
c. monoamine oxidase
d. DNA
Correct: The basic unit of heredity, the gene, is composed mostly of deoxyribonucleic acid, or
DNA.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
302. The only known molecule that can replicate or reproduce itself is .
a. messenger RNA
b. monoamine oxidase
c. RNA
d. DNA
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
303. A member of a gene pair that can control the appearance of a certain trait only if it is paired
with another, similar type gene is a gene.
a. recombinant
b. mutated
c. dominant
d. recessive
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 71
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
304. A member of a gene pair that controls the appearance of a certain trait, no matter what other
type of gene it is paired with is called a _ gene.
a. recombinant
b. mutated
c. recessive
d. dominant
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 71
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
305. Jessica's mother has blue eyes, with two recessive genes for blue eyes. Her father has brown
eyes, with two dominant genes for brown eyes. What are the chances that Jessica has blue eyes?
a. 50 percent
Incorrect: In order for Jessica to have a 50 percent chance of having blue eyes, her father would
need to have at least one recessive gene for blue eyes.
b. 75 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 0 percent
Correct: Because Jessica’s father is certain to pass on at least one dominant gene for brown
eyes, Jessica has zero chance of having blue eyes.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 71-72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: A
306. Jessica's mother has blue eyes, with two recessive genes for blue eyes. Her father has brown
eyes, with a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene for blue eyes. What are the
chances that Jessica has blue eyes?
a. 0 percent
Incorrect: In order for Jessica to have no chance of having blue eyes, her father would need to
have two dominant genes for brown eyes.
b. 75 percent
c. 50 percent
Correct: Because of Jessica’s parents’ genetic codes, she has a 50 percent chance of having
brown eyes and a 50 percent chance of having blue eyes.
d. 25 percent
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 71-72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: A
307. Jessica's mother has brown eyes, with a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene
for blue eyes. Her father also has brown eyes, with a dominant gene for brown eyes and a
recessive gene for blue eyes. What are the chances that Jessica has blue eyes?
a. 0 percent
Incorrect: In order for Jessica to have no chance of having blue eyes, her father or mother would
need to have two dominant genes for brown eyes.
b. 50 percent
c. 25 percent
Correct: Because of Jessica’s parents’ genetic codes, she has a 75 percent chance of having
brown eyes and a 25 percent chance of having blue eyes.
d. 75 percent
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 71-72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: A
308. Jessica's mother has brown eyes, with a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene
for blue eyes. Her father also has brown eyes, with a dominant gene for brown eyes and a
recessive gene for blue eyes. What are the chances that Jessica has brown eyes?
a. 25 percent
b. 75 percent
Correct: Because of Jessica’s parents’ genetic codes, she has a 75 percent chance of having
brown eyes and a 25 percent chance of having blue eyes.
c. 50 percent
d. 0 percent
Incorrect: In order for Jessica to have no chance of having blue eyes, her father or mother would
need to have two dominant genes for brown eyes.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 71-72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: A
309. A process that controls our most important traits in which many genes interact to produce a
certain specific trait is called .
a. genetic dominance
b. monogenetic inheritance
c. polygenic inheritance
d. natural selection
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 71
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 71
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
312. The term that refers to the full complement of an organism's genetic material is .
a. polygenetic inheritance
b. heritability
c. genome
d. gender
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
313. Experts believe that the average variation in the human genetic code for any two people is
percent.
a. less than 1
b. between 1 and 3
c. between 3 and 5
d. over 5
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 72-73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
318. Intensive inbreeding of animals over many generations in order to create a group of animals
that are genetically very similar to one another and different from other groups of animals is
called study.
a. strain
b. twin
c. family
d. selection
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 40% r = .16
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
320. Studies that estimate the heritability of a trait by breeding animals with other animals that
have the same trait are called studies.
a. twin b.
strain c.
family
d. selection
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2 2 yr.: 65% r = .27
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
321. Studies of heritability in humans that assume that if genes influence a certain trait, close
relatives should be more similar with that trait than distant relatives are called studies.
a. strain
Incorrect: Strain studies are only conducted on animals, not on human beings.
b. selection
c. family
Correct: Family studies examine the commonality of certain genetic traits in relatives who share
various levels of their genetic code.
d. twin
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
322. Each of the following is true of family study research designs in behavior genetics except
they .
a. make it possible to rule out the role of the environment
Correct: Family studies do examine the role of genetics in various traits and characteristics but
they do not rule out the influence of environment on those phenomena.
b. are designed for human research
Incorrect: Family studies, unlike strain studies, are designed to be conducted on/with human
beings.
c. suggest a role for heredity in schizophrenia
d. assume a greater similarity of a trait among close relatives as opposed to distant relatives
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
323. Which of the following have the most similar genetic composition?
a. identical twins
b. cousins
c. fraternal twins
d. siblings
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 92% r = .33; 2 yr.: 92% r = .35
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
324. Fraternal twins are similar genetically than are other brothers and sisters.
a. much more
b. much less
c. no more
d. slightly more
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
325. Twins that develop from two separate fertilized egg cells and are therefore different in
genetic make-up are twins.
a. fraternal
b. Siamese
c. symbiotic
d. identical
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
326. Twins that develop from a single fertilized ovum are twins.
a. symbiotic
b. fraternal
c. Siamese
d. identical
Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
327. Scientists studying behavior genetics in humans commonly use which of the following
types of studies for their research on people?
a. Twin, family, and selection studies, but not strain studies.
b. Twin and family studies, but not selection or strain studies.
c. Twin, family, selection, and strain studies.
d. Twin studies, but not family, selection, or strain studies.
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
328. Which of the following types of studies is least effective in ruling out environmental effects
in the development of traits?
a. strain studies
b. family studies
Correct: Family studies are designed to examine the influence of genetics, but do not rule out the
effects of environmental influences.
c. twin studies
Incorrect: Twin studies do allow us to rule out the influence of environment to some extent, but
not completely.
d. selection studies
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3 4 yr.: 44% r = .30
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
329. An extremely useful research method for studying human behavior genetics is a .
a. twin study
b. strain study
c. selection study
d. selective breeding study
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 58% r = .32
Page Reference73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
330. Todd's identical twin brother suffers from schizophrenia. The odds are about one out of
that he, too, will develop this mental illness.
a. eight
b. two
c. four
d. six
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2 4 yr.: 64% r = .22
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
331. Todd's fraternal twin brother suffers from schizophrenia. The odds are percent
that he, too, will develop this mental illness.
a. 100
b. 25
c. 50
d. 15
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
332. Research studies carried out on children adopted at birth by parents not related to them to
determine the relative influence of heredity and environment on human behavior are called
studies.
a. selection
b. adoption
c. case
d. strain
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 74
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
333. One process by which physicians can test a fetus, in the womb, for possible genetic
abnormalities (defects) is called .
a. ultrasound
b. positron emission tomography scanning
c. amniocentesis
d. immunotherapy
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1 4 yr.: 88% r = .24
Page Reference: 74
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
334. A procedure in which cells are collected from the membranes surrounding the fetus, then
are tested for genetic abnormalities, is called .
a. intra-uterine probe testing
b. chorionic villus sampling
c. ultrasound
d. amniocentesis
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 74
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
335. A procedure in which some of the cells that the fetus casts off into the fluid surrounding it
in the womb are collected and tested for chromosomal or genetic defects is .
a. chorionic villus sampling
b. ultrasound
c. amniocentesis
d. intra-uterine probe testing
Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 74
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 74
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
337. The mechanism proposed by Darwin in his theory of evolution stating that organisms best
adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics to their
offspring, is called .
a. mutational transmosis
b. natural selection c.
behavior genetics d.
random adaptation
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 75
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
338. The scientist who proposed the mechanism of natural selection to explain the process of
evolution was .
a. Pasteur
b. Watson
c. Darwin
d. Freud
Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 75
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
339. From an evolutionary perspective, for mate selection in humans, it is most advantageous for
.
a. both males and females to seek as many mates as possible
b. males to seek one long-term mate but for females to seek as many mates as possible
Incorrect: According to evolutionary psychology, males may gain advantage by finding as many
partners as possible because of their ability to replenish sperm in a short amount of time.
c. both males and females to seek one mate for life
d. females to seek one long-term mate but for males to seek as many mates as possible
Correct: Females gain advantage by finding one male mate to stay with for the long term,
according to evolutionary psychology.
Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 76
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 76
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
True/False
1. There are as many as 100 billion neurons in the brain of an average human being.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
2. The tiny fibers branching out from the cell body of a neuron are called axons.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
5. The axon of a neuron is often surrounded by a fatty covering called the myelin sheath.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
6. Electrically charged particles that are present inside and outside the neuron are called graded
potentials.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 44
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
7. Neural impulses vary in strength according to the strength of the incoming signal to the
neuron.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
10. The tiny gap between the synaptic knob and the next neuron is called the synapse.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
11. A neural impulse causes the synaptic vesicles to release chemicals called neurotransmitters.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 50
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
15. The nervous system is usually divided into two major parts: the central nervous system and
the parasympathetic nervous system.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
16. The central nervous system carries messages to and from the brain.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
17. The oldest and most primitive of the brain's structures are the cerebral hemispheres.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 52
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
18. Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure are controlled by the medulla.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 53
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
20. Phineas Gage suffered personality changes as a result of damage to his temporal lobes.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 55
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
21. The two cerebral hemispheres are not really equivalent in their functions.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 56
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
23. The ribbon-like band that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the corpus
callosum.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
24. The hemisphere of the brain most dominant in verbal tasks is the right hemisphere.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
25. Even left-handers tend to have their language functions controlled by the left hemisphere of
the brain.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
27. Broca's area is important in listening and Wernicke's area is important in talking.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 61-62
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
29. The complex cable of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body is the spinal cord.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
30. Afferent neurons carry messages from the central nervous system.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
31. The somatic nervous system contains two branches: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic
divisions.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
32. The sympathetic division carries messages to the body which tell it to prepare for an
emergency.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 65
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
33. You cannot gain conscious control over functions normally controlled by the autonomic
nervous system.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 66
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
34. Chemical substances called hormones are released into your bloodstream by the endocrine
glands.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 66-67
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
36. The two hormones secreted by the pancreas are insulin and adrenaline.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
37. The adrenal glands play an important role in the body's reactions to stress.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
38. Estrogen has been linked to aggressive behavior in both males and females.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
40. When a number of genes make small contributions to a trait, this is known as mixed
dominance.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 71
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
41. The effects of genetics are not always immediate or fully apparent.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 72-73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
43. Strain studies involve intensive inbreeding of close relatives among animals.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
44. Family studies are usually based on families with identical twins.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
45. For ethical reasons, only strain and selection studies can be used to explore human genetics.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 74
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 75
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
Essay
1. Define neuron, axon, dendrite, cell body, and myelin sheath. In your definitions, be sure to
describe the specific functions of each item.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 42
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
2. Describe the process by which a neuron moves from a resting state to firing and then back to a
resting state.
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 44-46
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
3. Explain the process of how a neural message is transmitted from the end of one neuron to the
beginning of another. In your explanation, identify at least two neurotransmitters and describe
their functions.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 46-48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 47-48
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
5. Explain what plasticity and neurogenesis are. Briefly summarize the research regarding stem
cells and the possibility of growing new neurons in the human brain.
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 48-51
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
6. Specifically discuss how cocaine, the venom of the black widow spider, caffeine,
antidepressant medications, antipsychotic medications, and botulism block or disrupt neural
communication.
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 49
Topic: Neurons: The Messengers
Skill: F
7. Describe the location and functioning of the medulla, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus,
and cerebral cortex.
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 53-57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
8. Briefly describe the functions of the reticular formation and the limbic system. Explain what
problems can result from damage or destruction of these areas.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 54, 57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
9. Describe the functions of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe.
Also, briefly discuss the case of Phineas Gage in terms of which areas of his brain were damaged
and the effects of that damage.
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 54-57
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
10. Compare and contrast the functions of the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.
What role does the corpus callosum play in this functioning? Finally, what were the reasons for,
and results of, split-brain operations?
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 57-60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
11. Discuss how the brain controls language in humans, identifying the key structures involved
in language processing and describing the effects of damage to these areas.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 59-60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 60
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
13. Briefly discuss the purposes of and describe the procedure for studying the brain within each
of the following general areas: microelectrode techniques, macroelectrode techniques, structural
imaging, functional imaging.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 60-63
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
14. Describe the functions of the spinal cord and explain how it works with the brain to sense
events and act on them.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 63-64
Topic: The Central Nervous System
Skill: F
15. Compare and contrast the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the somatic
nervous system.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 65-66
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
16. Compare and contrast the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
What does the current scientific evidence indicate in regard to one's ability to consciously control
functions normally controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Answer:
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 65-66
Topic: The Peripheral Nervous System
Skill: F
17. Describe the basic functions of the endocrine system, including the specific functions of the
thyroid gland, pancreas, pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal glands.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 66-68
Topic: The Endocrine System
Skill: F
18. Define genes, chromosomes, and DNA and describe their role in the genetic transmission of
traits.
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 70
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
19. Explain how dominant and recessive genes might influence the eye color of a child born to
parents where the father has blue eyes and the mother has brown eyes. What color eyes are the
grandchildren likely to have if the child marries a blue-eyed person? Why?
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 71-72
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: A
20. Explain what the human genome is, how many genes humans have, and discuss the social
implications of research in this area.
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 72-75
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: F
21. Compare and contrast strain studies and selection studies. Why are they used and what has
been learned from them? What are the limitations to these techniques?
Answer:
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 73
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
22. Define and describe the uses for and limitations of family studies, twin studies, and adoption
studies. What has been learned from these studies about the role of heredity in shaping human
personality?
Answer:
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 73-74
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C
23. Explain what evolutionary psychology is and identify the types of human behaviors
evolutionary psychologists are interested in. Also, briefly discuss the criticisms of evolutionary
psychology and how evolutionary psychologists respond to those criticisms.
Answer:
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 75-76
Topic: Genes, Evolution, and Behavior
Skill: C