Appendix A

Geotechnical Report
GEOTECHNICAL REPORT
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ON THE
CORNER OF LESLIE STREET AND
WELLINGTON STREET EAST,
AURORA, ONTARIO

2283986 Ontario Limited

c/o Carom Management Inc.,
2489 Bloor Street West, Suite 200
Toronto, Ontario M6L 3G2

GEOTETOB22536AA
September 27, 2013

Coffey Geotechnics Inc.

20 Meteor Drive, Toronto ON M9W 1A4 Canada
Geotechnical Report, Proposed Development on the corner of Leslie Street and Wellington Street East, Aurora, Ontario

1  INTRODUCTION 2 

2  METHOD OF INVESTIGATION 2 

3  SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS 3 

3.1  TOPSOIL 3 

3.2  FILL 4 

3.3  SILTY SAND TILL, SANDY SILT TILL, SAND and SILT TILL 4 

3.4  SANDY SILT, SILTY SAND, SAND and SILT, SAND, SAND and
GRAVEL 4 

3.5  GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS 4 

4  DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5 

4.1  Foundations 5 

4.2  Floor Slab and Permanent Drainage 7 

4.3  Excavations and Backfill 7 

4.4  Earth Pressures 7 

4.5  Earthquake Considerations 8 

5  PAVEMENT 8 

6  GENERAL COMMENTS 10 

7  STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS 10 

Appendices

Appendix A: List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Drawing 1 – Borehole Location Plan
Logs of Boreholes
Appendix B: Grain Size Curves

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1 INTRODUCTION
Coffey Geotechnics Inc. (Coffey) was retained by 2283986 Ontario Limited to carry out a geotechnical
investigation and prepare a Geotechnical Report for a proposed commercial development to be located at
the Northeast corner of Leslie Street and Wellington Street East in the Town of Aurora, Ontario. The work
was conducted in accordance with our proposal GEOTETOB22536AA, dated July 31, 2013.

The purpose of the investigation was to explore the subsurface conditions and provide geotechnical input
for the design of the proposed development. It is understood that the proposed development will be
comprised of two separate buildings. The first commercial building to be constructed will house a “Mr. Lube”
service station, which will occupy an area of approximately 170 square meters with one level of basement.
Subsequently a retail building with a total area of approximately 630 square meters will be constructed
without a basement. This latter building will be subdivided into 3 units, designated as Unit A, B and C (from
West to East).

The approximate location of the proposed development is shown on Drawing 1 in Appendix A. The site
abuts a vacant lot and then Leslie Street to the West, commercial buildings and parking lots to the north
and east, and Wellington Street East to the south. The existing grade at the site is sloping from east to
west, with an elevation difference of about 4.5m. At the time of preparation of this report, the design
finished floor elevation for the “Mr. Lube” facility was 291.80m, while for the other structures the following
finished floor elevations were assumed:

 Unit A: 293.0 m
 Unit B: 294.0 m
 Unit C: 295.0 m

Since some of the project details at this time are unknown, the recommendations provided in this report
should be considered preliminary and shall be reviewed once more details of the project becomes
available.

This report has been prepared for 2283986 Ontario Limited, Mr.Lube and their designers. Third party use
of this report without Coffey Geotechnics Inc. consent is prohibited. The limitation conditions presented in
the document tiltled “Important Information about Your Coffey Report” form an integral part of the report and
they must be considered in conjunction with this report.

The site investigation and recommendations follow generally accepted practice for geotechnical consultants
in Ontario. The format and contents are guided by client specific needs and economics and do not conform
to generalized standards for services. Laboratory testing for most part follows ASTM or CSA Standards or
modifications of these standards that have become standard practice.

2 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

Borehole locations for this investigation were provided by 2283986 Ontario Limited and established at the
site by Coffey personnel.

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Prior to drilling operations, underground utilities were cleared at the borehole locations by representatives
of public and private companies, working with Coffey Geotechnics Inc. personnel.

Four boreholes (BH101 to BH104) were drilled on August 28, 2013 to depths ranging between 4.7 m
(BH103) and 7.9 m (BH101) below the existing ground surface. The boreholes were advanced using a
track-mounted CME 55 drill rig equipped with solid stem continuous flight augers, owned and operated by
Davis Drilling Ltd. of Milton, Ontario. Sampling procedures were carried out under full time supervision of
Coffey’s field personnel. Samples in the overburden were retrieved at regular intervals with a 50 mm O.D.
split-barrel sampler driven with a hammer weighing 63.5 kg and dropping 760 mm in accordance with the
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) method. The samples were logged in the field and returned to the Coffey
laboratory for detailed examination by the project engineer and for index laboratory testing.

Groundwater level observations were made during drilling and in the open boreholes upon completion of
the drilling operations. Upon completion of drilling, a 50mm diameter monitoring well was installed in
Borehole 101 to facilitate long term water level observations. Boreholes 102, 103, and 104 were backfilled
upon completion in accordance with current regulations.

The surveyed locations and ground surface elevations at the locations of Boreholes 101 to 104 were
established by Coffey at the site using a nearby catch basin with a known elevation as a benchmark. The
borehole locations and benchmark are shown on Drawing 1, and the ground surface elevations are
provided on the borehole logs in Appendix A.

3 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS

Reference to the borehole logs presented in Appendix A of this report indicate that generalized subsurface
profile can be described to comprise of a shallow layer of fill, underlain by a granular till of silty sand to
sandy silt texture followed by layers of silty sand, sandy silt, sand or sand and gravel, underlain by silty
sand / sandy silt till. It should be noted that the borehole logs indicate the subsurface conditions at the
locations of the boreholes only. Furthermore, the layer boundaries indicated on the borehole logs are
approximate and based on visual observations. While these boundaries typically represent a transition
from one material type to another, they should not be regarded as an exact plane of geological change. It
should be pointed out, that the subsurface conditions may vary across this site. The soil and groundwater
conditions are summarized as follows.

3.1 TOPSOIL
Although no distinct topsoil layer was observed at any of the borehole locations, trace of topsoil was found
within the fill.

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3.2 FILL

Fill was encountered at the ground surface in all four boreholes. The fill was heterogeneous in nature and
only extended to depths less than 0.1m below the existing ground surface. The composition of the fill is
predominantly sandy silt with trace of gravel, topsoil, rootlets and organic matter. Standard Penetration
Tests (SPT) recorded in the fill resulted in blow counts ranging from 8 to 18 blows/0.3m penetration,
indicating a compactness condition of loose to compact. Moisture contents recorded in the fill samples
varied from about 9 to 10%.

3.3 SILTY SAND TILL, SANDY SILT TILL, SAND and SILT TILL
These types of soils were encountered underlying the fill material in all boreholes. The thickness of the silty
sand till / sandy silt till / sand and silt till varied from ±2.2 to ±4.5 m and contained trace of gravel, trace to
some clay and, in some cases, exhibited a slight plasticity. In two of the boreholes (BH102 to 103) these
soils were also encountered at greater depth, i.e. ±4.6m below the existing ground surface, or an Elevation
of 287.7 to 290.1m. Recorded SPT ‘N’ values of 8 blows/ 0.3 m penetration to 50 blows/ 0.09m penetration
indicate loose to very dense state of compactness. It should be noted that some of the recorded N-values
may have been impacted by the presence of cobbles and/or boulders. The results of four (4) grain size
analyses carried out within this material showed 2 to 4% gravel, 43 to 56% sand, 32 to 43% silt, and 9 to
15% clay-size particles. The soils described as silty sand till will exhibit similar behaviour to the sand and
silt till, since they contain a high percentage of silt. Moisture contents within the silty sand till / sandy silt till
ranged from about 7 to 15%.

3.4 SANDY SILT, SILTY SAND, SAND and SILT, SAND, SAND and GRAVEL
At least one of these soils was encountered in every borehole at depths ranging from 2.3 to 4.6m below the
ground surface or Elevations 293.7 to 286.9m. Boreholes 101 and 104 were terminated in these materials.
The state of compactness of these materials were mostly very dense but occasionally dense, as indicated
by SPT ‘N’ values ranging from 44 blows/ 0.3m penetration to 50 blows/ 0.09m penetration. The results of a
single sieve analysis performed on a sample of sand and silt indicated 1% gravel, 45% sand, and 45% silt
and clay-size particles The natural moisture contents recorded on these samples ranged from about 3 to
20%.

3.5 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS

Groundwater conditions were observed in the open boreholes during drilling and upon completion of each
borehole. Boreholes 103 and 104 were open and dry upon completion of drilling. The measured water
levels in the open boreholes upon completion in Boreholes 101 and 102 were 5.6m and 7.4m below the
existing ground surface, respectively. The water level in the monitoring well of Borehole 101 was monitored
again on September 11, 2013 and was recorded at a depth of 4.8m below the ground surface, or at
Elevation 286.7m.

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4 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

At the time of writing this report, design details of the development were not made available. However, it is
understood that the proposed development will be comprised of two separate buildings. The first
commercial building to be constructed will house a “Mr. Lube” service station, which will occupy an area of
approximately 170 square meters with one level of basement. Subsequently a retail building with a total
area of approximately 630 square meters will be constructed without a basement. This latter building will be
subdivided into 3 units, designated as Unit A, B and C (from West to East). The foundations for these three
units will be stepped, in order to minimize earthworks associated with the slope of the existing grade. The
design finished floor elevations (FFE) of these 3 units had not been established at the time of writing this
report. The recommendations provided in this report should therefore be considered preliminary and shall
be reviewed once more details of the project become available.

4.1 Foundations

The proposed development can be supported on conventional spread and strip footings founded on the
silty sand till / sandy silt till, sand or silty sand. The recommended highest foundation elevations and
bearing resistances are summarized in Tables 4.1 and 4.2 below:

Table 4.1: Recommended Foundation Grades and Bearing Resistances for Mr. Lube Building.

Existing Recommended
Design Recommended Geotechnical Geotechnical
Ground Foundation
BH Finished Foundation Resistance Resistance Bearing
Surface Depth Below
No. Floor Elev. Elevation at S.L.S. at U.L.S. Stratum
Elev. Finished Floor
(m) (m) (kPa) (kPa)
(m) (m)
101 291.5
Silty Sand Till/
291.8 3.0 288.8 500 750
Sand
102 292.3

Table 4.2: Recommended Foundation Grades and Bearing Resistances for Commercial Building

Existing Assumed Recommended

Recommended Geotechnical Geotechnical
Unit/ Ground Finished Foundation
Foundation Resistance Resistance Bearing
BH Surface Floor Depth Below
Elevation at S.L.S. at U.L.S. Stratum
No. Elev. Elev. Finished
(m) (kPa) (kPa)
(m) (m) Floor1 (m)
A/102 292.3 293.0 1.5 288.8* 500 750 Silty Sand Till

1.5 292.5 300 450 Sandy Silt Till

B/103 294.7 294.0
1.7 292.3 500 750 Silty Sand Till

C/104 296.0 295.0 1.5 293.5 400 600 Silty Sand

1
Foundation elevations for interior footings or footings within heated areas may be raised.

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*For footings adjacent to the Mr. Lube building.

Should different bearing resistances be used within the commercial building, than the structure should be
separated by construction joints.

The final foundation depths/elevations should be reviewed and adjusted during the design as well as during
construction based on inspection of the footing bases by a geotechnical engineer prior to casting of
concrete. The design bearing resistances should also be confirmed during design and construction.

Footings designed in accordance with the recommendations provided in Tables 4.1 and 4.2 are expected to
settle less than 25 mm total and 19 mm differential.

All footings exposed to seasonal freezing conditions must have at least 1.3 metres of soil cover or
equivalent frost protection. Where it is necessary to place foundations at different elevations, the upper
foundations must be founded below an imaginary 10 horizontal to 7 vertical line drawn up from the base of
the lower foundations. The lower footing must be installed first to help minimize the risk of undermining the
upper foundations.
As an alternative, footings adjacent to the Mr. Lube building (i.e Unit A) may be supported on engineered
backfill placed during the construction of the Mr. Lube building. Footings for Unit A then should be extended
to below the frost depth and designed for bearing resistances of 150 kPa at S.L.S and 225 kPa at U.L.S. If
this alternative is adopted, then it is recommended that the entire Unit A be designed to these bearing
resistances. In addition, stresses from the footings of Unit A should be considered when calculating the
earth pressures on the Mr. Lube building.

The engineered backfill should consist of OPSS Granular “B” material. The backfill then should be placed in
layers not exceeding 200 mm before compaction and should be uniformly compacted to at least 100% of
the materials Standard Proctor Maximum Dry Density (SPMDD). Materials larger than 100 mm in size are
not suitable for fill and are required to be removed. This operation should be fully supervised by qualified
geotechnical personnel.

The engineered fill should not be placed during winter months when persistent or intermittent freezing
temperatures occur.

During winter construction, foundations should not be poured on frozen soil and footings installed must be
adequately protected at all times from cold weather and freezing conditions.

It should be noted that the recommended bearing capacities have been calculated by Coffey from the
borehole information for the design stage only. The investigation and comments are necessarily on-going
as new information of the underground conditions becomes available. For example, more specific
information is available with respect to conditions between boreholes when foundation construction is
underway. The interpretation between and beyond boreholes and the recommendations of this report must

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therefore be checked through field inspections provided by Coffey to validate the information for use during
the construction stage.

4.2 Floor Slab and Permanent Drainage

It is our understanding that the proposed basement floor slab of the Mr. Lube building will be slab-on-grade
placed on native soils. For slab-on grade construction elsewhere, the existing fill should be removed and
replaced with engineered granular fill compacted to minimum 98% SPMDD. Prior to the placement of the
engineered fill, the exposed subgrade should be inspected and proof rolled.

A moisture barrier consisting of at least 200 mm of 19 mm clear crushed stone should be installed under
the floor slab. If the floor slab is more than about 200 mm higher than the exterior grade then perimeter
drainage is not considered to be necessary. If the finished floor slab is lower, then perimeter drains
consisting of 100mm diameter perforated pipes surrounded by a 150mm thick layer of 19mm clear stone,
which is fully wrapped in a non-woven geotextile having a filtering opening size (FOS) of 60 microns, should
be used.

The perimeter drainage system is recommended around the basement for the Mr. Lube building.

4.3 Excavations and Backfill

Excavations for the foundations within the fill and native soils can be carried out with hydraulic backhoe.
Based on the boreholes information, no major problems with groundwater are anticipated for the
excavations. Minor water seepage into the excavations from the fill or sand seams, if present, should be
controllable by the use of conventional pumping from collection sumps.

It should be noted that the glacial till is a non-sorted sediment and therefore may contain boulders. Some
occurrences of cobbles or boulders were inferred during drilling, and in such cases were noted on the
borehole logs.

All excavations must be carried out in accordance with the most recent Occupational Health and Safety Act
(OHSA). In accordance with OHSA, the onsite fill is classified as Type 4 soil. All native soils to a depth of
±2.3m below grade can be classified as Type 3 soil. Deposits located below ±2.3m from the existing ground
surface can be classified as Type 2 soils.

4.4 Earth Pressures

The lateral earth pressure on the buried portion of the Mr. Lube building can be calculated from the
following expression:
p = K (γh+q)
where
p = lateral earth pressure in kPa acting at depth h

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K = earth pressure coefficient

γ = unit weight of soil surrounding the structure (kN/m³)
h = depth to point of interest in m
q = equivalent value of surcharge on the ground surface, kPa
The above expression does not take into consideration hydrostatic pressures due to groundwater.
In the above equation, the value of K should be taken as (Ka + K0)/2 on walls which are not completely rigid,
while the value of K0 should be used for rigid walls. The values of Ka and K0 can be taken as 0.31 and 0.47
respectively.
In addition, if the west wall of Unit A will be founded on engineered backfill, the stresses from the footings
should be considered when calculating the earth pressures on the Mr. Lube building
Where the structure is installed in a wide open excavation, the value of γ should be that of the backfill
3
material, which can be assumed to be 22 kN/m . Elsewhere, where the thickness of the column of backfill
material behind the wall is less than half of the buried height of the wall, the unit weights can be taken as
3
21.0 kN/m .

4.5 Earthquake Considerations

The 2006 Ontario Building Code of Canada specifies that structures should be designed to withstand forces
due to earthquake.
For the purpose of earthquake design the term relevant to the geotechnical conditions is the ‘Site Class’.
Based on the soil conditions encountered in the boreholes, and in accordance with Table 4.1.8.4.A of the
2006 Ontario Building Code, Site Class ‘C’ soil profile should be applicable.

5 PAVEMENT
The recommended pavement structures provided in Table 5.1 are based on an estimate of the subgrade
soil properties determined from visual examination and textural classification of the soil samples. A
functional design life of eight to ten years has been used to establish the pavement recommendations. This
represents the number of years to the first rehabilitation, assuming regular maintenance is carried out. If
required, a more refined pavement structure design can be performed based on specific traffic data and
design life requirements and will involve specific laboratory tests to determine frost susceptibility and
strength characteristics of the subgrade soils, as well as specific data input from the client.

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Table 5.1: Recommended Pavement Structure Thickness

Driveways and Fire

Routes (Heavy Duty
Pavement Layer Compaction Light Duty Parking
Parking)
Requirements
(Cars)

40 mm OPSS HL 3 40 mm OPSS HL 3
97% Marshall Density
Asphaltic Concrete 40 mm OPSS HL 8 80 mm OPSS HL 8

OPSS Granular A
Base (Crushed 100% SPMDD 150 mm 150 mm
Limestone)

OPSS Granular B
100% SPMDD 300 mm 400 mm
Sub-base

The subgrade must be compacted to 98% SPMDD for at least the upper 300 mm unless approved during
proof-rolling by the geotechnical engineer.
The long term performance of the pavement structure is highly dependent upon the subgrade support
conditions. Stringent construction control procedures should be maintained to ensure uniform subgrade
moisture and density conditions are achieved. In addition, the need for adequate drainage cannot be over-
emphasized. The finished pavement surface and underlying subgrade should be free of depressions and
should be sloped (preferably at a minimum grade of two percent) to provide effective surface drainage
toward catch basins. Surface water should not be allowed to pond adjacent to the outside edges of
pavement areas. Subdrains should be installed to intercept excess subsurface moisture and prevent
subgrade softening. This is particularly important in heavy-duty pavement areas.
Additional comments on the construction of parking areas and access roadways are as follows:
 As part of the subgrade preparation, proposed parking areas and access roadways should be stripped
of all topsoil and other deleterious material. Fill required to raise the grades to design elevations should
conform to backfill requirements outlined in previous sections of this report. The subgrade should be
properly shaped, crowned then proof-rolled in the full time presence of a geotechnical engineer. Soft or
spongy subgrade areas should be sub-excavated and properly replaced with suitable approved backfill
compacted to 98% SPMDD.
 The locations and extent of sub-drainage required within the paved areas should be reviewed by this
office in conjunction with the proposed lot grading. Assuming that satisfactory crossfalls in the order of
two percent have been provided, subdrains extending from and between catch basins may be
satisfactory. In the event that flatter crossfalls are considered, a more extensive system of sub-drainage
may be necessary.

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Appendix A
List of Symbols and Abbreviations
Drawing 1: Borehole Location Plan
Log of Boreholes

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LIST OF SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

The following are common symbols and abbreviations used in Coffey borehole logs and geotechnical report:

I. SAMPLE TYPE/FIELD TEST

Consistency Cu. (kPa) N (blows/30cm)"
AS Auger Sample
Very soft 0-12 0-2
GS Grab Sample
Soft 12 -25 2-4
NR No Recovery
Firm 25-50 4- 8
RC Rock Core
Stiff 50 -100 8-15
NQ,RC NQ-Size Rock Core (47.5mm)
Very Stiff 100 - 200 15 - 30
HQ,RC HQ-Size Rock Core (63.4mm)
Hard over 200 over 30
SC Soil Core
SH Shelby Tube "Based on the Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual,
SS Split Spoon (Split Barrel) and would be used if direct fieldllab measurement of shear
TW Thin Walled Tube, e.g. Pitcher Sampler
strength is not conducted .
VANE, V Vane Test

II. PENETRATION RESISTANCE

Standard Penetration Test (SPT): IV SOIL CLASSIFICATION
The SPT "N" value is defined as the number of blows All sample descriptions included in this report follow the
required to drive a standard 51mm (2in) 0 .0 . Split Spoon Canadian Foundations Engineering Manual soil
Sampler 30cm (12in) into undisturbed ground in a borehole classification system which follows the standard proposed
by means of a hammer weighing 63.5kg (140Ib) and falling by the International Society for Soil Mechanics and
freely a distance of 76cm (30in). For penetrations less than Foundation Engineering. with the exception that soil
30cm (12in), "N" values are indicated as the number of fractions are classified on the basis of the following grain
blows for the penetration achieved.
size diameters:
HB: Hammer Bouncing Boulder >200mm
HW: Hammer Weight; sampler is penetrated under Cobbles 76.2 -200mm
hammer weight only, i.e. without impact load. Gravel 4.75-76.2mm
Sand 0.075-4.75mm
Dynamic Cone Penetration Test: Silt 0.002-0.075mm
It is the continuous penetration of a 50mm (2in) 0 .0. , 60° Clay <0.002mm
conical steel point 30cm (12in) into undisturbed ground in a
borehole by means of a hammer weighing 63.5kg (140Ib) The classification is based on the amounts by weight within
and falling freely a distance of 76cm (30in). The resistance the respective grain-size fractions, as follows:
to the Dynamic Cone Penetration Test is measured as the
number of blows required to drive the conical steel point as Noun gravel, sand , silt, clay >35% and main
specified. fraction
"and" and gravel, and silt etc >35%
Peizo-Cone Penetration Test (CPT): adjective gravelly, sandy etc 20-35%
An electronic cone penetrometer with a 60° conical tip and "some" some sand, some silt etc 10-20%
a projected end area of 10cm2 pushed through ground at a "trace" trace sand, trace silt etc 1-10%
penetration rate of 2cm/s. Measurements of tip resistance Clay soils are classified based on their measured or
Qt, porewater pressure UI, and sleeve friction fs, are estimated plasticity and their plot on the plasticity chart of
recorded electronically at 25mm (1 in) penetration intervals. the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) as follows:
III. SOIL CONSISTENCY/COMPACTNESS CL-ML clayey silt
(a) Cohesion less Soils CL silty clay
Cohesionless soils are described on the basis of their CI clay of medium plasticity
compactness as indicated by SPT N values as follows: CH clay of high plasticity
Compactness N (blows/30cm) With the exception of those samples for which a grain size
analyses and I or Atterberg Limits test has been conducted,
Very loose 0-4 all samples are primary classified based on visual
Loose 4 - 10 inspection. Visual inspection, however, is not sufficiently
Compact 10 - 30 accurate to provide an exact estimate of grain sizes or
Dense 30-50 precise differentiation between soil groups based on grain
Very Dense over 50 sizes. Similarly estimates of the plasticity of the soils are
subject to error.
(b) Cohesive Solis
Cohesive soils are described on the basis of their
consistency as indicated by undrained shear strength Cu,
values as follows:

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LIST OF SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

V. SOIL 1 MONITORING WELL SYMBOLS
The following are common graphic symbols used in the borehole logs to represent basic soil types and monitoring well
installations. Combinations of the shown symbols are used in the borehole logs to represent soils composed of different soil
types:
Soil Symbols Monitoring Well Symbols

e.g. e.g. Solid

Soli Slotted Solid
Fill Gravel 'Sand Silt Clay Silty Cutting Bentonite Cement Grout Sand Pipe
Pipe Pipe Backfilled
Clay Till s/Cave-
In with Sand

VI. ADDITIONAL NOTES

Stratification lines shown in the borehole logs represent approximate boundary lines between material types; vertical and
lateral transitions may be gradual. In addition , water level readings were made at time(s) noted on the borehole logs .
Fluctuations of groundwater levels may occur and should be expected .

VII. STRESS AND STRAIN DR relative density (emax - e)/(e max - emin)
y shear strain (b) Hydraulic Properties
11 change in, e.g . in stress: 110
E linear strain h hydraulic head or potential
Ev volumetric strain q rate of flow
11 coefficient of viscosity v velocity of flow
v Poisson's ratio i hydraulic gradient
u porewater pressure k hydraulic conductivity
CJ total stress seepage force per unit volume
CJ' effective stress (0 - u)
a'va initial effective overburden stress (e) Consolidation (one-dimensional)
01 major principal stress Cc compression index
CJ2 intermediate principal stress C, recompression index
03 minor principal stress Cs swelling index
Oocl mean/octahedral stress (01+ 02+ 03)/3 Ca coefficient of secondary compression
T shear stress coefficient of volume change
mv
E Young's modulus of deformation coefficient of consolidation
Cv
G Shear modulus of deformation time factor (vertical direction)
Tv
K Bulk modulus of compressibility U degree of consolidation
0' p pre-consolidation pressure
VIII. SOIL PROPERTIES OCR overconsolidation ratio
(a) Index Properties
(d) Shear Strength
P,Y bulk density, unit weight
Pd,Yd dry density, unit weight Tp peak shear strength
Pw,Yw density, unit weight of water T, residual shear strength
Psat,Ysat saturated density, unit weight <p', 4>' effective angle of internal friction
P',Y' submerged density, unit weight (y - Yw) 0 angle of interface friction
Gs specific gravity of solid particles ~ coefficient of friction (tan 0)
e void ratio c' effective cohesion
n porosity Cu,Su undrained shear strength
S degree of saturation p mean total stress (01 + 03)/2
MC,w moisture/water content p' mean effective stress (0'1 + 0'3)/2
LL,wL liquid limit q (01 - 03)/2 or (0'1 - oW2
PL,wp plastic limit qu compressive strength (01 - 0 3)
Ws shrinkage limit St Sensitivity
PI,lp plasticity index (WL - wp) UCS Unconfined Compressive Strength
k liquidity index (w - wp)lIp (associated strains reported are
emax void ratio in loosest state rounded)
emin void ratio in densest state

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LIST OF SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

IX. ROCK CLASSIFICATION Strength:
The terms and definitions used for rock descriptions are Term Grade Description Unconfined
consistent with international standards as set out in the Compressive
journal of the International Society of Rock Mechanics Strength
(ISRM), the Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology
(QJEG), and the bulletin of the International Association of (MPa) (psi)
Engineering Geology (IAEG). Extremely RO Indented by 0.25-1 36-145
Total Core Recovery (TCR): Weak thumbnail
The TCR value is defined as the sum of rock core lengths
recovered from a core run, divided by the length of the core Very R1 Crumbles under 1-5 145-725
run and expressed as a percentage. Weak firm blows with
point of a
Solid Core Recovery (SCR):
geological hammer,
The SCR value is defined as the sum of solid, full diameter
rock core lengths recovered from a core run, expressed as can be peeled by a
a percentage of the total length of the core run. pocket knife.

Rock Quality DeSignation (RQD): Weak R2 Can be peeled by a 5-25 725-3625

The RQD value is defined as the sum of lengths of rock pocket knife with
core pieces measured along centerline of core equal to or difficulty, shallow
greater than 100mm (4in) recovered from a core run, indentations made
expressed as a percentage of the total length of the core by firm blow with
run. Core fractured by drilling is considered intact. point of geological
hammer
Rock Quality RQD (%)
Excellent 90 -100 Medium R3 Cannot be scraped 25-50 3625-
Good 75-90 Strong or peeled with 7250
Fair 50-75 pocket knife, can
Poor 25-50 be fractured with
Very Poor 0-25 single firm blow of
geological hammer
Fracture Index:
The fracture index is expressed as the number of Strong R4 Requires more than 50-100 7250-
discontinuities per 300mm (1ft). It excludes drill-induced one blow of 14500
(mechanical) fractures and fragmented zones, and is geological hammer
reported as ">25" if frequency exceeds 25 fractures per to fracture it
300mm.
Very R5 Requires many 100- 14500-
Broken Zone: Strong blows of geological 250 36250
It is the zone of full diameter core of very low RQD which hammer to fracture
may include some drill-induced (mechanical) fractures. e it

Fragmented Zone: Extremely R6 Can only be >250 >36250

It is the zone where core is less than full diameter and RQD Strong chipped with
= O. geological hammer

Bedding:

Term Bed Thickness

(mm) (in)
Very Thickly Bedded >2000 >78
Thickly Bedded 600-2000 24-78
Medium Bedded 200-600 7.8-24
Thinly Bedded 60-200 2.4-7.8
Very Thinly Bedded 20-60 0.72-2.4
Laminated 6-20 0.24-0.72
Thinly Laminated <6 <0.24

Page 3 0/4
coffey geotechnics
SPECIALISTS MANAGING THE EARTH

LIST OF SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

Weathering: Shape of Discontinuity:

Term Grade Description Term Code Description

Planar PL Forms a continuous plane

Fresh W1 No visible sign of rock material
Curved CU Has a gradual change in orientation
weathering.
Undulating UN Has a wavy surface
Slightly W2 Discoloration indicates weathering Stepped ST Has equal to or greater than one defined steps
Weathered of rock material and discontinuity IR Many changes in orientation
Irregular
surfaces. All the rock material may
be discolored by weathering and Serrated SE Saw-tooth pattern
may be somewhat weaker than in Aperture of Discontinuity:
its fresh condition.
Term Defect Width Description
Moderately W3 Less than half of the rock material (mm)
Weathered is decomposed and/or
diSintegrated to soil. Fresh or Tight Nil
discolored rock may be present as Very Narrow >0-2mm
Closed
a discontinuous framework or Narrow 2-6mm
corestone.
Moderately Narrow 6-20mm Gapped
Highly W4 More than half of the rock material
Weathered is decomposed and/or Moderately Wide 20-60mm
disintegrated to soil. Fresh or Wide 60-200mm Open
discolored rock may be present as Very Wide >200mm
a discontinuous framework or
corestone. Spacing:
Completely W5 All of rock material is decomposed Term Spacing {mm)
Weathered and/or diSintegrated to a soil. The
original mass structure is still Very widely spaced >2000
largely intact. A soil description is Widely spaced 600-2000
required.
Moderately widely 200-600
Residual W6 All of rock material is converted to spaced
Soil soil. The mass structure and Closely spaced 60-200
material fabric are destroyed. Very closely spaced 20-60
Extremely closely <20
X. DEFECT LOGGING spaced
Type of Discontinuity: Roughness of Discontinuity:
Code Description Term Code Description

Bedding BP Natural parting parallel to the Slickensided SL Very smooth, polished surface
Parting surface of deposition, between Smooth S Roughness not detected with finger
layers Defined DR Fine-medium sandpaper feel
Contact CN Surface between two different ridges
Rough R Medium-coarse sandpaper feel
lithologies (rock units)
Very rough VR Very well defined ridges and/or steps
Drilling DI Fracture caused by drilling. Infill Type:
Induced Commonly smooth (core spun) Term Code Description
or irregular (broken in tension)
Calcite CA Clear-white, calcareous, crystalline
Joint JT Fracture across which rock has Clay CL Clay-coating or infilled seam
little or no tensile strength Gravel G
Iron Oxide Fe Yellow/orange/brown discoloration
Shear SR Fracture along which movement Quartz QZ Clear-white, crystalline
has occurred Sand S
Silt Z
Vein VN Fracture infilled with minerals

Page 4 0/4
 LOG OF BOREHOLE 101 SHEET 1 OF 1
Project Name: PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT Client: ARISTON REALTY CORP Northing:

Project No.: GEOTETOB22536AA Drilling Method Used: POWER AUGER BORING Easting:

Project Location: Leslie Street & Wellington Street East, Aurora Date: 28 August 2013 Ground Surface Elevation: 291.5 m

Subsurface Conditions Samples Penetration / Strength Results Moisture / Plasticity

Headspace Vapor (ppm)

Groundwater Conditions
Instrumentation Details
Penetration Test Values

Elevation Scale (m)

Blow Counts / 150mm
Depth / Elevation (m)

Plastic Natural Liquid

Stratigraphic Symbol

(Blows / 0.3m)
Depth Scale (m)

Limit Water Limit

N Values Dynamic Cone Content
Becker Hammer Test (BPT)

[LEL(%)]
Number
20 40 60 80

N Value
Description

Type
Undrained Shear Strength Values (kPa) PL MC LL Comments
Field Vane Unconfined
Lab Vane Quick Triaxial
Pocket Penetrometer GRAIN SIZE
DISTRIBUTION (%)
40 80 120 160 10 20 30 40 GR SA SI CL
291.4 FILL 1 Borehole advanced by
0.1 sandy silt, trace organics 3 150mm diameter solid
1 SS 16 stem augering.
SILTY SAND TILL 13
0.5 fine sand, trace fine gravel, trace clay 16 291.0
pale brown, moist, compact to very
dense 14
1.0 20 290.5
2 SS 41
21
23

1.5 290.0
16
22
3 SS 45 3 56 32 9
23
2.0 289.5
25

26
2.5 36 289.0
4 SS 72
inferred cobble/ boulder 36 Augers grinding at 2.6 m.
34
3.0 288.5
17
24
5 SS 48
24
3.5 288.0
24

4.0 287.5

4.5 286.9 287.0

4.6 SANDY SILT 24
trace to some clay, trace gravel, 6 SS 40 90/27cm
pale brown, moist to wet, very dense 50
5.0 286.5

5.5 286.0

6.0 285.5

wet 34 Wet spoon at 6.0 m.

7 SS 37 87
6.5 50 285.0

Cave-in at 6.9 m.
7.0 284.5
COFFEY SOIL LOG-2 GE22536AA.GPJ COFFEY STANDARD.GDT 18/9/13

7.5 284.0
50mm monitoring well
trace clay, no gravel 34 installed upon
8 SS 50/12cm completion.
283.6 50
7.9 BOREHOLE 101 TERMINATED AT
7.9m BGL Date / Time Water Depth (m) Elevation (m)
28 August 2013 5.6 285.9
11 September 2013 4.8 286.7

Additional Notes: Coffey Representatives

This log is to be read in conjunction with accompanying general notes and borehole log symbols sheet. Stratification lines represent approximate
boundary lines between material types, vertical and lateral transitions may be gradual. Water level readings were made at time(s) noted, D.P. Originated By
fluctuations of groundwater levels may occur and should be expected.
A.S. Prepared By
A.C. Checked By
 LOG OF BOREHOLE 102 SHEET 1 OF 1
Project Name: PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT Client: ARISTON REALTY CORP Northing:

Project No.: GEOTETOB22536AA Drilling Method Used: POWER AUGER BORING Easting:

Project Location: Leslie Street & Wellington Street East, Aurora Date: 28 August 2013 Ground Surface Elevation: 292.3 m

Subsurface Conditions Samples Penetration / Strength Results Moisture / Plasticity

Headspace Vapor (ppm)

Groundwater Conditions
Instrumentation Details
Penetration Test Values

Elevation Scale (m)

Blow Counts / 150mm
Depth / Elevation (m)

Plastic Natural Liquid

Stratigraphic Symbol

(Blows / 0.3m)
Depth Scale (m)

Limit Water Limit

N Values Dynamic Cone Content
Becker Hammer Test (BPT)

[LEL(%)]
Number
20 40 60 80

N Value
Description

Type
Undrained Shear Strength Values (kPa) PL MC LL Comments
Field Vane Unconfined
Lab Vane Quick Triaxial
Pocket Penetrometer GRAIN SIZE
DISTRIBUTION (%)
40 80 120 160 10 20 30 40 GR SA SI CL
292.2 FILL 2 Borehole advanced by
0.1 sandy silt, trace organics 3 150mm diameter solid
1 SS 10 292.0 stem augering.
SANDY SILT TILL 7
0.5 trace to some clay, trace gravel 12
291.5 brown, moist, compact
0.8 7 291.5
SAND and SILT TILL
1.0 some clay, trace gravel, 12
2 SS 29 2 43 43 12
pale brown, moist, compact to very 17
dense 18 291.0

1.5
inferred cobble/ boulder 17
3 SS 50/12cm
50 Augers grinding at 1.7 m.
290.5

2.0

290.0
2.3 290.0
SAND and GRAVEL 40
4 SS 50/12cm
2.5 fine to medium sand, stone fragments, 50 Augers grinding at 2.4 m.
brown/grey, damp, very dense
289.5

3.0 289.3
3.0 SAND 24
trace fine gravel, 27 289.0
5 SS 54
pale brown, moist, very dense 27
3.5
34

288.5

4.0

288.0

4.5 287.7
4.6 SILTY SAND TILL 28
6 SS 50/9cm
trace clay, trace gravel, 50 287.5
pale brown, moist, very dense
5.0

287.0

5.5

286.5

6.0

wet, 33 50/9cm
7 SS
occasional pockets of clayey silt 50 286.0

6.5
Wet spoon at 6.6 m.
285.5

7.0

285.0
COFFEY SOIL LOG-2 GE22536AA.GPJ COFFEY STANDARD.GDT 18/9/13

7.5
284.6 8 SS 50 50/12cm
7.7 BOREHOLE 102 TERMINATED AT
7.7m BGL Date / Time Water Depth (m) Elevation (m)
28 August 2013 7.4 284.9

Additional Notes: Coffey Representatives

This log is to be read in conjunction with accompanying general notes and borehole log symbols sheet. Stratification lines represent approximate
boundary lines between material types, vertical and lateral transitions may be gradual. Water level readings were made at time(s) noted, D.P. Originated By
fluctuations of groundwater levels may occur and should be expected.
A.S. Prepared By
A.C. Checked By
 LOG OF BOREHOLE 103 SHEET 1 OF 1
Project Name: PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT Client: ARISTON REALTY CORP Northing:

Project No.: GEOTETOB22536AA Drilling Method Used: POWER AUGER BORING Easting:

Project Location: Leslie Street & Wellington Street East, Aurora Date: 28 August 2013 Ground Surface Elevation: 294.7 m

Subsurface Conditions Samples Penetration / Strength Results Moisture / Plasticity

Headspace Vapor (ppm)

Groundwater Conditions
Instrumentation Details
Penetration Test Values

Elevation Scale (m)

Blow Counts / 150mm
Depth / Elevation (m)

Plastic Natural Liquid

Stratigraphic Symbol

(Blows / 0.3m)
Depth Scale (m)

Limit Water Limit

N Values Dynamic Cone Content
Becker Hammer Test (BPT)

[LEL(%)]
Number
20 40 60 80

N Value
Description

Type
Undrained Shear Strength Values (kPa) PL MC LL Comments
Field Vane Unconfined
Lab Vane Quick Triaxial
Pocket Penetrometer GRAIN SIZE
DISTRIBUTION (%)
40 80 120 160 10 20 30 40 GR SA SI CL
294.6 FILL 2 Borehole advanced by
0.1 sandy silt, trace organics 7 294.5 150mm diameter solid
1 SS 18 stem augering
SAND and SILT TILL 11
0.5 some clay, trace gravel, 14
brown, moist, compact 294.0
some clay, slightly plastic 7
1.0 8
2 SS 18 2 45 38 15
10
293.5
12

1.5
7
293.0
12
3 SS 27
15
2.0
17
292.4 292.5
2.3 SILTY SAND TILL 21
2.5 trace clay, trace gravel, 35
4 SS 77
slightly cemented, 42 292.0
brown, moist, very dense 44
3.0 291.7
3.0 SAND 14
291.5
fine to medium grained, 25
5 SS 60
trace silt, trace gravel, 35
3.5 massive, 44
brown, moist, very dense 291.0

4.0

290.5

4.5 290.1
4.6 SILTY SAND TILL 6 SS 50 50/12cm
290.0
trace clay, trace gravel,
4.7 Date / Time Water Depth (m) Elevation (m)
brown, moist, very dense
BOREHOLE 103 TERMINATED AT
28 August 2013 Dry N/A
4.7m BGL
COFFEY SOIL LOG-2 GE22536AA.GPJ COFFEY STANDARD.GDT 18/9/13

Additional Notes: Coffey Representatives

This log is to be read in conjunction with accompanying general notes and borehole log symbols sheet. Stratification lines represent approximate
boundary lines between material types, vertical and lateral transitions may be gradual. Water level readings were made at time(s) noted, D.P. Originated By
fluctuations of groundwater levels may occur and should be expected.
A.S. Prepared By
A.C. Checked By
 LOG OF BOREHOLE 104 SHEET 1 OF 1
Project Name: PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT Client: ARISTON REALTY CORP Northing:

Project No.: GEOTETOB22536AA Drilling Method Used: POWER AUGER BORING Easting:

Project Location: Leslie Street & Wellington Street East, Aurora Date: 28 August 2013 Ground Surface Elevation: 296 m

Subsurface Conditions Samples Penetration / Strength Results Moisture / Plasticity

Headspace Vapor (ppm)

Groundwater Conditions
Instrumentation Details
Penetration Test Values

Elevation Scale (m)

Blow Counts / 150mm
Depth / Elevation (m)

Plastic Natural Liquid

Stratigraphic Symbol

(Blows / 0.3m)
Depth Scale (m)

Limit Water Limit

N Values Dynamic Cone Content
Becker Hammer Test (BPT)

[LEL(%)]
Number
20 40 60 80

N Value
Description

Type
Undrained Shear Strength Values (kPa) PL MC LL Comments
Field Vane Unconfined
Lab Vane Quick Triaxial
Pocket Penetrometer GRAIN SIZE
DISTRIBUTION (%)
40 80 120 160 10 20 30 40 GR SA SI CL
295.9 FILL 2 Borehole advanced by
0.1 sandy silt, trace organics 4 150mm diameter solid
1 SS 8 stem augering.
SILTY SAND TILL 4
0.5 trace to some clay, trace gravel, 4 295.5
slightly plastic,
brown, moist, loose to dense 7
1.0 12 295.0
2 SS 27 4 50 34 12
15
15

1.5 294.5
11
16
3 SS 42
26
2.0 294.0
37
293.7
2.3 SAND and SILT 21
2.5 fine grained sand, trace gravel, 27 293.5
4 SS 59 1 45 (54)
pale brown, moist, very dense 32
32
3.0 293.0 293.0
3.0 SAND 15
fine to medium grained, 20
5 SS 44
trace to some silt, 24
3.5 trace fine grained gravel, 292.5
24
pale brown, moist, dense

4.0 292.0
291.9
4.1 SAND and SILT
fine grained sand, massive,
4.5 pale brown, moist, very dense 291.5
41 50/9cm
6 SS
291.2 50
4.8 BOREHOLE 104 TERMINATED AT
4.8m BGL Date / Time Water Depth (m) Elevation (m)
28 August 2013 Dry N/A
COFFEY SOIL LOG-2 GE22536AA.GPJ COFFEY STANDARD.GDT 18/9/13

Additional Notes: Coffey Representatives

This log is to be read in conjunction with accompanying general notes and borehole log symbols sheet. Stratification lines represent approximate
boundary lines between material types, vertical and lateral transitions may be gradual. Water level readings were made at time(s) noted, D.P. Originated By
fluctuations of groundwater levels may occur and should be expected.
A.S. Prepared By
A.C. Checked By
Geotechnical Report, Proposed Development on the corner of Leslie Street and Wellington Street East, Aurora, Ontario

Appendix B
Grain Size Curves

Coffey Geotechnics Inc.

GEOTETOB22536AA
September 27, 2013
 STANDARD SIEVE APERTURES

1.18 mm
75 µm

4.75

9.50
13.2

19.0
26.5
150

300
100

90

80
Percent Passing By Mass

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle Size (mm)
COFFEY FUTURE STANDARD LIBRARY-BETA VER.GLB Graph COF GRAIN SIZE DETAILED-7 PER PAGE GE22536AA.GPJ DWG09469.GDW 27/09/2013 12:14

CLAY SILT SAND GRAVEL COBBLES

Hole ID Depth (m) Description from Log LL PL PI

101 1.8
102 1.1
103 1.1
104 1.1

Hole ID Depth (m) D100 D60 D30 D10 %Gravel %Sand %Silt %Clay
101 1.8 13.2 0.159 0.037 0.003 3 56 41.2
102 1.1 13.2 0.094 0.015 0.001 2 43 55.0
103 1.1 13.2 0.1 0.018 2 45 52.4
104 1.1 13.2 0.135 0.017 4 50 46.3

client: ARISTON REALTY CORP

drawn AC
project:
approved JG PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

date September 2013

title: PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
scale N.T.S. SILTY SAND TILL, SAND AND SILT TILL
project no: fig no:
original size 8.5X11 GEOTETOB22536AA B1
 STANDARD SIEVE APERTURES

1.18 mm
75 µm

4.75

9.50
13.2

19.0
26.5
150

300
100

90

80
Percent Passing By Mass

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle Size (mm)
COFFEY FUTURE STANDARD LIBRARY-BETA VER.GLB Graph COF GRAIN SIZE DETAILED-7 PER PAGE GE22536AA.GPJ DWG04442.GDW 27/09/2013 12:14

CLAY SILT SAND GRAVEL COBBLES

Hole ID Depth (m) Description from Log LL PL PI

104 2.6

Hole ID Depth (m) D100 D60 D30 D10 %Gravel %Sand %Silt %Clay
104 2.6 9.5 0.09 1 45 53.7

client: ARISTON REALTY CORP

drawn AC
project:
approved JG PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

date September 2013

title: PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
scale N.T.S. SAND AND SILT
project no: fig no:
original size 8.5X11 GEOTETOB22536AA B2
 Appendix B
Priority Use Area