Yura Gold Project
Yura Gold Project
Yura Gold Project
PERU
For:
Arequipa, Peru
(054) 275110
Prepared by:
Spokane, WA 99208
May 5, 2013
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SUMMARY
The Yura Gold Project is located approximately 30 kilometers west of Arequipa, Peru, in
the northern part of the Atacama Desert. It comprises an 16,794 hectare group of
concessions which occupy most of a 9 by 12 kilometers circular feature of intense
faulting within quartz diorite and tonalite. Numerous quartz veins have been mapped and
sampled, many with impressive gold grades. A large breccia body has recently been
identified, which has yielded significant gold assays.
Permitting is in hand for drilling and exploration mining on many of the major gold targets.
An exploitation permit is also in hand for one group of the concessions. A permit is in
hand for drilling four water wells. A good neighbor agreement with local farmers and
communities is nearing completion.
Geological mapping has been completed on 4,520 hectares of the project and 1,713
rock chip samples have been collected.
Quartz veins can be up to six meters thick, although most a less than one meter. Some
have been mapped for several hundred meters along strike, and one is exposed on a
canyon wall for a vertical distance of 270 meters. The gold occurs both in the veins and
in the wallrock, and is free-milling. It has a very high correlation with tin, tellurium,
thallium and bismuth, which indicates that the mineralization is part of an intrusion-
hosted mesozonal gold system, similar to the Fort Knox Mine in Alaska. The veins are
also similar to those at the San Juan Chorunga, 62km to the northwest. Those veins
have been mined for 60 years and are at a depth of 1400 meters.
A large number of targets have been developed at the Yura Gold Project, and several
are being grouped together into a proposed underground mining zone. This zone will be
the focus of a first phase of drilling, together with the large breccia zone.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................... 3
HISTORY .......................................................................................................................... 5
INFRASTRUCTURE ......................................................................................................... 6
LAND................................................................................................................................. 7
PERMITTING.................................................................................................................... 8
GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 8
LITHOLOGY...................................................................................................................... 8
STRUCTURE.................................................................................................................. 10
ALTERATION.................................................................................................................. 12
MINERALIZATION.......................................................................................................... 12
MODEL ........................................................................................................................... 17
TARGETS ....................................................................................................................... 18
RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................... 27
REFERENCES CITED.................................................................................................... 28
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LIST OF FIGURES
APPENDICIES
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LOCATION, CLIMATE AND ACCESS
The Yura Gold Project is located approximately 30 kilometers west of the city of
Arequipa, in southern Peru. It lies at the foot of the Cordillera Occidental Mountains, and
adjacent to the coastal plain. Elevations range from 1380 meters in the Yura River
canyon to 2570 meters at the northern end of the claim block.
The climate is sub-tropical desert, with most of the year being warm, sunny and dry.
Temperatures range from 5.5C at night in July to 22.6C in the daytime in October. A
rainy season generally starts in late December and usually ends by mid-March. Annual
precipitation at Arequipa averages 95 millimeters.
The property is reached by taking highway 34A northwest from Arequipa to the town of
Yura, then following Cemento Yura’s ore haulage road west and then to the south on the
property access road. The total distance is approximately 44 kilometers and takes
between 1.5 and 2 hours to drive. (Figure 1)
HISTORY
The project area has been the focus of a long history of informal mining. There
are numerous hand-dug adits, shafts and stopes. The mineralization was either
hauled from the site in sacks or leached with cyanide on-site.
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Donald Stiles began acquiring mining claims in the project area in 2004.
Zoro Mining Corporation began working on the Yura Gold Project in 2005. This
work included rock geochemical sampling, limited road cut mapping, trenching,
IP-resistivity surveys and aerial photography. Zoro walked away from the project
during the economic downturn of 2008.
In 2010, Minex reached an agreement with Donald Stiles and South American
Inmobiliaria (SAI) to conduct exploration mining. In 2011 work commenced on
three exploration shafts on the most prospective veins, and continued until April
of 2012. Mining was suspended due to the expiration of the permit and lack of
funding.
INFRASTRUCTURE
In addition to the upgrade and maintenance of the 10 kilometer access road from
the north, approximately 31 kilometers of roads have been constructed within the
project area to provide access to mineralized zones.
A camp exists at the project, located on Shiprock Peru ground, which includes 8
housing cabins, an office, a kitchen-dining hall and bathroom. In 2011 a 288
square meter core shed was constructed at the camp. A number of other cabins
are found at various locations on the property.
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Exploration shafts and head frames have been developed on three of the veins.
The shafts have each reached a depth of about 30 meters.
LAND
The following table and Figure 2 show the ownership of the mineral concessions
that are part of the Yura Gold Project, which total 16,794 hectares. It should be
noted that the area listed for the concessions is the effective area. Some claims
overlap and this area is not counted twice.
AREA
OWNER CONCESSIONS
(HA)
Formacion Yura Exploracion S.A.C. Yebacha 2A, 5, 6, 7, 9 1,495
Yebacha 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17,
Donald Le Roy Stiles 18, 19, 21, 23, 24 13,889
Tonalia, Tonalia 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Shiprock Peru Yebacha 1, 16, 26, 27, 28 1,410
Total 16,794
Land to the north of the joint venture area is controlled by a variety of owners,
especially Minera Laytaruma, which is very active in mining their concessions.
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PERMITTING
Formacion Yura Exploracion – This permit is under small mining, and is for 19
drilling platforms, trenching and limited exploration mining. The permit is in-hand
and has been initiated.
Donald Le Roy Stiles – This exploration permit is under large mining, and is for
60 drilling platforms, road construction trenching and limited exploration mining.
The permit is in-hand and has been initiated.
Shiprock Peru – This permit is under small mining, and is for exploitation of 90
tons per day. Under this permit, an ulimited amount of drilling could also be done.
This permit is in hand and has been initiated.
Usarios – An agreement was reached with the water canal Usarios in order to get
them to support the project. One important aspect of the agreement is the
establishment of a restricted zone that covers the farms, rivers, canal and the
steep slopes above the canal. In this zone, special permission would need to be
granted by the usarios prior to any road construction or surface mining.
GEOLOGY
Approximately one quarter of the project area has been mapped and rock-chip
sampled. Since June, 2011, a total of 4,520 hectares have been mapped in detail
and 1,713 samples have been collected. Mapping is conducted on a Quickbird
satellite image and then entered into ArcGIS (Figure 3). Rock geochemical
samples are collected from outcrops, informal miner prospect dumps and float. In
addition to the surface mapping, underground mapping has been conducted at
the Aylin, Charlie, June and Mercedes Mines, along with several of the informal
mine workings.
LITHOLOGY
Quartz Diorite is the most widespread and presumably oldest rock in the project
area. It is characterized by having abundant felsic dikes and commonly weathers
to leave patches of outcrop on the tops of hills and large parts of the slopes
covered with boulders and sub-crop of mineral grains with abundant muscovite.
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The quartz diorite can also have abundant rectangular patches composed of
chlorite. They look like hornblende megacrysts, but have no thickness as
hornblende would.
Feldspar Porphyry has been mapped in the eastern part of the project area. It
contains approximately 30-50% feldspar crystals and has a somewhat smaller
average grain size than the quartz diorite. It has been seen intruding the quartz
diorite, but has about the same quantity of felsic dikes, suggesting an age not
much younger than the quartz diorite.
Mafic Dikes are common, but are concentrated more in the southern part of the
project area. While they are dark and appear to be mafic, they were determined
to be dacite through petrography. There are multiple phases of these dikes, with
some being strongly chlorite altered.
Felsic Dikes are very common in the project area. Petrographic analysis was
done on one sample, which was determined to be quartz monzonite porphyry.
The dikes range from a few centimeters thick to several meters. They commonly
have trends of northwest, north, northeast or east-west. There are multiple
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phases of these dikes. They have been observed cutting the mafic dikes and
being cut by the mafic dikes.
Tonalite intrudes the quartz diorite in the southern part of the project area, with
dimensions of approximately 2.5 by 3.5 kilometers. Along the eastern contact,
tonalite dikes are observed intruding the quartz diorite. At the southern contact, a
large amount of shearing is observed in the quartz diorite, dipping away from the
tonalite. The tonalite has been cut by very few felsic and mafic dikes. Its
weathering appearance is usually quite “fresh” looking compared to the quartz
diorite. Hill slopes are generally covered with boulders.
Diorite is tentative name given to several bodies that intrude the quartz diorite
and tonalite, as dikes or larger masses. They have a fine to medium-grained
texture and appear to be of intermediate composition.
Several andesite(?) dikes have been mapped in the project area, in the eastern
and western parts. In both areas, they cut the quartz diorite. They generally strike
northwest and have steep dips. They look similar to the tonalite, but no
petrographic work has been done on them.
Gabbro Diorite forms an elliptical body in the southwestern part of the mapped
area. Its dimensions are approximately 0.8 by 1.3 kilometers. It appears to
intrude the tonalite-quartz diorite contact, but this relationship is uncertain. It is
not cut by any dikes, and the only alteration seen was a very small amount of
chalcedonic quartz.
Tertiary Sencca pyroclastic volcanic rocks occupy canyon bottoms and low lands
on the eastern part of the project area, and form the plateau east of the project
camp.
Recent air fall ash deposits are common on the hillsides and form considerable
thicknesses in canyon bottoms. Wind-blown deposits of this ash are also
common.
STRUCTURE
The region of the project is dominated by a large circular feature, measuring
approximately 9 kilometers north-south by 12 kilometers east-west, as seen on
aerial photography (Figure 3). Within this feature there is an intense pattern of
northeast and northwest lineaments, which undoubtedly represent fault zones.
Some fault zones are characterized by extensive development of caliche. Others
have chlorite or epidote along them.
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Over three thousand quartz veins have been mapped so far. They fit nicely into
the transpressional model for stress in brittle rocks. The main shear trend is
parallel to the Peruvian coast and the edge of the South American tectonic plate.
Figure 4 (modified after Tourigny, G., et al, 2004) shows a figure adapted from
geologic literature on which the various vein trends from the Yura Gold Project
have been highlighted. Most of the veins that form our inventory of exploration
targets fall within the Main Shear Trend and R-type Vein categories, with some
important examples in the Extension Vein type and the P-type structures.
Ore shoots formed along the fault structures in response to a variety of factors.
The most common control for ore shoots is flexures in the strike and/or dip of the
vein. When the movement occurred along the fault, an open space developed at
the flexure, providing a conduit for mineralizing fluids. Ore shoots have also been
identified resulting from the intersection of cross faults or fractures with the vein
trend.
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ALTERATION
Propylitic
The most common alteration present in the project area is propylitic, where iron
and magnesium bearing hydrothermal fluids have attacked biotite and
hornblende. The resulting rock contains epidote, chlorite and albite, and has a
distinct pistachio green color. This alteration is most common in the eastern part
of the project area, and reaches an intense level along the access road near the
access control gate. It is also common along fault zones and some quartz veins.
Sericite
Clay
Caliche
Deposits of white calcium carbonate (caliche) are found at the surface, and for
several meters depth, along veins & possibly larger areas of fracture-controlled
mineralization. These deposits typically occur in limestone terrains, where
carbonate is abundant. The source of the carbonate at the Yura Gold Project is
from the destruction of feldspar in the host rocks by hydrothermal fluids. These
caliche zones may prove to be important guides to mineralization.
MINERALIZATION
Gold
Gold has been found in both quartz veins, wall rock and in breccia. The gold is
free-milling and has been exploited by informal miners for many years. Most of
the exposures of mineralization have resulted from vein exploration and
exploitation by the informal miners, which have left hundreds of prospect pits,
adits, shafts and stopes scattered across the project area. The informal miners
panned gold at the sites. In some places, they set up vat-type cyanide leach
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operations, processing several hundred tons. They have also packed out large
amounts of material for processing elsewhere.
Quartz Veins
At least 3,000 quartz veins have been mapped so far. They seem to be fairly
evenly spread throughout the project area. Lengths range up to hundreds of
meters and thicknesses range up to 12 meters. Most mineralized veins are less
than a meter thick; however, there are notable exceptions at Aurora, Aylin, Eliana
and Suzie. Because of the large amount of relief along the Yura River canyon,
the Charlie vein system can be traced over a vertical distance of 300 meters,
indicating large depth extent, as would be expected in a mesothermal gold
system. Ore shoots are commonly developed where there are bends in the veins
or intersections with other structures.
Breccia
A body of breccia has been identified in the western part of the circular feature,
and has been the subject of considerable informal mining activity. The clasts of
the breccia are intensely altered to sericite and clay(?). The matrix of the breccia
consists of euhedral crystals of quartz and limonite after pyrite. Three higher
grade zones within the breccia have been observed, and have been exploited by
the informal miners. There is much cover in the area, and it is not known what
the full dimensions of the breccia bodies are, or whether there are additional
higher grade zones.
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