Impact of Jact
Impact of Jact
Impact of Jact
0 OBJECTIVE
To verify theories of forces generated by impact of the jet on different shapes of vane.
A jet of water is produced when water is fed to a vertical pipe terminating in a tapered nozzle.
The jet will impinge on a vane, of different shapes. Vanes usually used are flat plate, inclined
plate, curved plate and hemispherical cup. Equation used to determine the force of jet impact
(Fy) is given as:
Q
where, V
A
1. Flat plate
Q Q
2
Fy Q 0
A A
2. 120 curved plate
Q 1 Q
Fy ρQ
A 2 A
ρQ 2 ρQ 2 3ρQ 2
Fy
A 2A 2A
1 1Q
where, from analysis, velocity after impingement Vy 2 V
2 2A
3. Hemispherical cup
Q Q 2ρQ 2 Q
Fy ρQ where, velocity after impingement Vy 2
A A A A
1. Hydraulic bench
2. Jet impact apparatus
3. Stop watch
4. Vernier caliper
Name Image
Hydraulic bench
Stop watch
Vernier caliper
Given:
Diameter of nozzle = 10 mm
Gravity acceleration, g = 9.81 ms– 2
3ρ
120 curved plate =
2gA
2ρ
Hemispherical cup =
gA
1. First, take off the top plate and the transparent cylinder. Then, measure the diameter of
the nozzle. Assemble the flat plate to the lever that carries a jockey weight.
2. Assemble the top plate and cylinder to the apparatus. Connect the supply pipe from the
hydraulic bench to the inlet pipe of the apparatus.
3. The apparatus is first levelled and the lever is set to a balanced position (as indicated by a
tally supported from it) by placing the jockey weight at its zero position, and then
adjusting the knurled nut above the spring.
4. Any force generated by impact of the jet on the vane is measured by moving the jockey
weight along the lever until the tally shows that it has been restored to its original
balanced position.
5. Nominal weight is place on the lever first (it is suggested that initial weight and
incremental weight = 20g). Water is then admitted through the bench supply valve.
6. The force on the vane will displace the lever, which is then restored to its balanced
position by sliding the jockey weight along the lever. Then, cover the opening at the base
of the hydraulic bench.
7. Record the volume of water and time to determine the flow rate. Also, record the
weight on the lever.
8. Repeat the procedure (step 1 to 7) for 120o curved plate and hemispherical cup.
6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS
a) Flat plate
c) Hemispherical cup
40
35
Mass of jockey weight m (g)
30
25
Flat Plate
20
120 curved plate
15 Hemispherical cup
10
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Q2
7.0 QUESTIONS
1. For every plate, record and calculate Q and Q2 and plot graphs of mass of jockey weight
m versus Q2. Theoretically, slope of the graphs is given as:
a. Flat plate
𝜌 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
= = 1.3x106 kg.s2/m6
𝑔𝐴 (9.81 𝑚𝑠−2)(78.5𝑚𝑚2)
c. Hemispherical cup
𝑘𝑔
2𝜌 2(1000𝑚3)
= = 2.60x106 kg.s2/m6
𝑔𝐴 (9.81𝑚𝑠−2)(78.5𝑚𝑚2)
2. Compare the value between the slope at the graph and the theory value
a. Flat plate
(0.11,80)
(0.01,20)
0.08 − 0.01 𝐾𝑔
−8
(11.0 − 1.0)10 𝑚6 /𝑠 2
= 7.0x105 kg.s2/m6
b. 120o inclined plate
(0.0306,80)
(0.0199,40)
0.08 − 0.04 𝐾𝑔
−8
(3.06 − 1.99)10 𝑚6 /𝑠 2
= 3.74x106 kg.s2/m6
c. Hemispherical cup
(0.0335,80)
(0.0163,40)
0.08 − 0.04 𝐾𝑔
−8
(3.35 − 1.63)10 𝑚6 /𝑠 2
= 2.33x106 kg.s2/m6
Comparisons
Theory Experiments
1.3x106 kg.s2/m6 7.0x105 kg.s2/m6
3. From the result, comment on the graphs slope and theoretical value.
From the obtained data, the calculation is done to find the gradient of graph. After the
calculation is done, the gradient in graph is compared with the gradient theory. The results
of these comparisons found that it have differences in the theory and experiment. This may
be due to several factors that led to experiments carried out imperfectly. The factors is due to
the weakness of the laboratory tools. This is because these tools may be poorly maintained.
In addition, the reading error by the person who took the reading. This is because human
beings can not escape from making mistakes.