TR 55
TR 55
United States
Department of
for Small
Agriculture
Natural
Resources
Watersheds
Conservation
Service
Conservation
Engineering
TR-55
Division
Technical
Release 55
June 1986
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Preface
Exhibits
4-I Unit peak discharge (qu) for SCS
type I rainfall distribution ................... 4-4
4-IA Unit peak discharge (qu) for SCS
type IA rainfall distribution ................ 4-6
4-II Unit peak discharge (qu) for SCS
type II rainfall distribution ................. 4-6
4-III Unit peak discharge (qu) for SCS
type III rainfall distribution ................ 4-7
5-I Tabular hydrograph unit discharges
(csm/in) for type I rainfall
The conversion of rural land to urban land usually ous surfaces, and surface retention. Travel time is
increases erosion and the discharge and volume of determined primarily by slope, length of flow path,
storm runoff in a watershed. It also causes other depth of flow, and roughness of flow surfaces. Peak
problems that affect soil and water. As part of pro- discharges are based on the relationship of these
grams established to alleviate these problems, engi- parameters and on the total drainage area of the
neers increasingly must assess the probable effects of watershed, the location of the development, the effect
urban development, as well as design and implement of any flood control works or other natural or
measures that will minimize its adverse effects. manmade storage, and the time distribution of rainfall
during a given storm event.
Technical Release 55 (TR-55) presents simplified
procedures for estimating runoff and peak discharges The model described in TR-55 begins with a rainfall
in small watersheds. In selecting the appropriate amount uniformly imposed on the watershed over a
procedure, consider the scope and complexity of the specified time distribution. Mass rainfall is converted
problem, the available data, and the acceptable level of to mass runoff by using a runoff curve number (CN).
error. While this TR gives special emphasis to urban CN is based on soils, plant cover, amount of impervi-
and urbanizing watersheds, the procedures apply to ous areas, interception, and surface storage. Runoff is
any small watershed in which certain limitations are then transformed into a hydrograph by using unit
met. hydrograph theory and routing procedures that de-
pend on runoff travel time through segments of the
Effects of urban development watershed.
An urban or urbanizing watershed is one in which For a description of the hydrograph development
impervious surfaces cover or will soon cover a consid- method used by NRCS, see chapter 16 of the NRCS
erable area. Impervious surfaces include roads, side- National Engineering Handbook, Section 4—Hydrol-
walks, parking lots, and buildings. Natural flow paths ogy (NEH-4) (SCS 1985). The routing method (Modi-
in the watershed may be replaced or supplemented by fied Att-Kin) is explained in appendixes G and H of
paved gutters, storm sewers, or other elements of draft Technical Release 20 (TR-20) (SCS 1983).
artificial drainage.
Rainfall
Hydrologic studies to determine runoff and peak
discharge should ideally be based on long-term sta- TR-55 includes four regional rainfall time distributions.
tionary streamflow records for the area. Such records See appendix B for a discussion of how these distribu-
are seldom available for small drainage areas. Even tions were developed.
where they are available, accurate statistical analysis
of them is usually impossible because of the conver- All four distributions are for a 24-hour period. This
sion of land to urban uses during the period of record. period was chosen because of the general availability
It therefore is necessary to estimate peak discharges of daily rainfall data that were used to estimate 24-
with hydrologic models based on measurable water- hour rainfall amounts. The 24-hour duration spans
shed characteristics. Only through an understanding of most of the applications of TR-55.
these characteristics and experience in using these
models can we make sound judgments on how to alter One critical parameter in the model is time of concen-
model parameters to reflect changing watershed tration (Tc), which is the time it takes for runoff to
conditions. travel to a point of interest from the hydraulically most
distant point. Normally a rainfall duration equal to or
Urbanization changes a watershed’s response to greater than Tc is used. Therefore, the rainfall distribu-
precipitation. The most common effects are reduced tions were designed to contain the intensity of any
infiltration and decreased travel time, which signifi- duration of rainfall for the frequency of the event
cantly increase peak discharges and runoff. Runoff is chosen. That is, if the 10-year frequency, 24-hour
determined primarily by the amount of precipitation rainfall is used, the most intense hour will approxi-
and by infiltration characteristics related to soil type, mate the 10-year, 1-hour rainfall volume.
soil moisture, antecedent rainfall, cover type, impervi-
Time parameters Figure 1-1 is a flow chart that shows how to select the
appropriate procedures to use in TR-55. In the figure,
Chapter 3 describes a method for estimating the pa- the diamond-shaped box labeled “Subareas required?”
rameters used to distribute the runoff into a directs the user to the appropriate method based on
hydrograph. The method is based on velocities of flow whether the watershed needs to be divided into subar-
through segments of the watershed. Two major param- eas. Watershed subdivision is required when signifi-
eters are time of concentration (Tc) and travel time of cantly different conditions affecting runoff or timing
flow through the segments (Tt). These and the other are present in the watershed—for example, if the
parameters used are the same as those used in ac- watershed has widely differing curve numbers or
cepted hydraulic analyses of open channels. nonhomogeneous slope patterns.
Storage effects
Chapter 6 outlines procedures to account for the effect
of detention-type storage. It provides a shortcut
method to estimate temporary flood storage based on
hydrologic data developed from the Graphical Peak
Discharge or Tabular Hydrograph methods.
Figure 1-1 Flow chart for selecting the appropriate procedures in TR-55.
START
Data
to No TR-55
estimate not applicable
Tc?
Yes
Hydrograph Yes
required
No
Compute Compute
watershed runoff subareas'
(chapter 2) runoff
(chapter 2)
Compute Compute
watershed subareas'
Tc Tc and Tt
(chapter 3) (chapter 3)
Compute
Storage Yes tabular
effect hydrograph
required? (chapter 5)
No
END
Limitations
To save time, the procedures in TR-55 are simplified
by assumptions about some parameters. These simpli-
fications, however, limit the use of the procedures and
can provide results that are less accurate than more
detailed methods. The user should examine the sensi-
tivity of the analysis being conducted to a variation of
the peak discharge or hydrograph. To ensure that the
degree of error is tolerable, specific limitations are
given in chapters 2 through 6. Additional general
constraints to the use of TR-55 are as follows:
The NRCS Runoff Curve Number (CN) method is The major factors that determine CN are the hydrologic
described in detail in NEH-4 (SCS 1985). The NRCS soil group (HSG), cover type, treatment, hydrologic
runoff equation is condition, and antecedent runoff condition (ARC).
Another factor considered is whether impervious areas
Q=
( P − I a )2 outlet directly to the drainage system (connected) or
(P − Ia ) + S [eq. 2-1] whether the flow spreads over pervious areas before
entering the drainage system (unconnected). Figure 2-2
where is provided to aid in selecting the appropriate figure or
table for determining curve numbers.
Q = runoff (in)
P = rainfall (in) CN’s in table 2-2 (a to d) represent average antecedent
S = potential maximum retention after runoff runoff condition for urban, cultivated agricultural, other
begins (in) agricultural, and arid and semiarid rangeland uses.
Ia = initial abstraction (in) Table 2-2 assumes impervious areas are directly con-
nected. The following sections explain how to deter-
Initial abstraction (Ia) is all losses before runoff mine CN’s and how to modify them for urban condi-
begins. It includes water retained in surface depres- tions.
sions, water intercepted by vegetation, evaporation,
and infiltration. Ia is highly variable but generally is Hydrologic soil groups
correlated with soil and cover parameters. Through
studies of many small agricultural watersheds, Ia was Infiltration rates of soils vary widely and are affected by
found to be approximated by the following empirical subsurface permeability as well as surface intake rates.
equation: Soils are classified into four HSG’s (A, B, C, and D)
I a = 0.2S [eq. 2-2] according to their minimum infiltration rate, which is
obtained for bare soil after prolonged wetting. Appen-
By removing Ia as an independent parameter, this dix A defines the four groups and provides a list of most
approximation allows use of a combination of S and P of the soils in the United States and their group classifi-
to produce a unique runoff amount. Substituting cation. The soils in the area of interest may be identi-
equation 2-2 into equation 2-1 gives fied from a soil survey report, which can be obtained
from local NRCS offices or soil and water conservation
( P − 0.2S ) 2 district offices.
Q= [eq. 2-3]
( P + 0.8 S )
Most urban areas are only partially covered by impervi-
ous surfaces: the soil remains an important factor in
S is related to the soil and cover conditions of the
runoff estimates. Urbanization has a greater effect on
watershed through the CN. CN has a range of 0 to 100,
runoff in watersheds with soils having high infiltration
and S is related to CN by
rates (sands and gravels) than in watersheds predomi-
1000 nantly of silts and clays, which generally have low
S= − 10 [eq. 2-4]
CN infiltration rates.
Figure 2-1 and table 2-1 solve equations 2-3 and 2-4 Any disturbance of a soil profile can significantly
for a range of CN’s and rainfall. change its infiltration characteristics. With urbaniza-
tion, native soil profiles may be mixed or removed or
fill material from other areas may be introduced. There-
fore, a method based on soil texture is given in appen-
dix A for determining the HSG classification for dis-
turbed soils.
5 rve
Cu 80
75
70
4
65
60
55
3
50
45
2 40
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Table 2-2 addresses most cover types, such as vegeta- Hydrologic condition indicates the effects of cover
tion, bare soil, and impervious surfaces. There are a type and treatment on infiltration and runoff and is
number of methods for determining cover type. The generally estimated from density of plant and residue
most common are field reconnaissance, aerial photo- cover on sample areas. Good hydrologic condition
graphs, and land use maps. indicates that the soil usually has a low runoff poten-
tial for that specific hydrologic soil group, cover type,
Treatment and treatment. Some factors to consider in estimating
the effect of cover on infiltration and runoff are (a)
Treatment is a cover type modifier (used only in table canopy or density of lawns, crops, or other vegetative
2-2b) to describe the management of cultivated agri- areas; (b) amount of year-round cover; (c) amount of
cultural lands. It includes mechanical practices, such grass or close-seeded legumes in rotations; (d) percent
as contouring and terracing, and management prac- of residue cover; and (e) degree of surface roughness.
tices, such as crop rotations and reduced or no tillage.
Table 2-1 Runoff depth for selected CN’s and rainfall amounts 1 /
1 / Interpolate the values shown to obtain runoff depths for CN's or rainfall amounts not shown.
Figure 2-2 Flow chart for selecting the appropriate figure or table for determining runoff curve numbers.
START
No Unconnected
impervious
area?
Yes
No Impervious Yes
area
< 30%?
Determine Determine
Table 2-2 No pervious pervious
assumptions
CN CN
apply?
(table 2-2) (table 2-2)
Yes
END
Close-seeded SR Poor 66 77 85 89
or broadcast Good 58 72 81 85
legumes or C Poor 64 75 83 85
rotation Good 55 69 78 83
meadow C&T Poor 63 73 80 83
Good 51 67 76 80
1 Average runoff condition, and Ia=0.2s
2 Crop residue cover applies only if residue is on at least 5% of the surface throughout the year.
3 Hydraulic condition is based on combination factors that affect infiltration and runoff, including (a) density and canopy of vegetative areas,
(b) amount of year-round cover, (c) amount of grass or close-seeded legumes, (d) percent of residue cover on the land surface (good≥ 20%),
and (e) degree of surface roughness.
Good: Factors encourage average and better than average infiltration and tend to decrease runoff.
Woods. 6/ Poor 45 66 77 83
Fair 36 60 73 79
Good 30 4/ 55 70 77
Table 2-2d Runoff curve numbers for arid and semiarid rangelands 1/
1 Average runoff condition, and Ia, = 0.2S. For range in humid regions, use table 2-2c.
2 Poor: <30% ground cover (litter, grass, and brush overstory).
Fair: 30 to 70% ground cover.
Good: > 70% ground cover.
3 Curve numbers for group A have been developed only for desert shrub.
Antecedent runoff condition vious area and a pervious area CN of 61, the composite
CN obtained from figure 2-3 is 68. The CN difference
The index of runoff potential before a storm event is between 70 and 68 reflects the difference in percent
the antecedent runoff condition (ARC). ARC is an impervious area.
attempt to account for the variation in CN at a site
from storm to storm. CN for the average ARC at a site Unconnected impervious areas — Runoff from
is the median value as taken from sample rainfall and these areas is spread over a pervious area as sheet
runoff data. The CN’s in table 2-2 are for the average flow. To determine CN when all or part of the impervi-
ARC, which is used primarily for design applications. ous area is not directly connected to the drainage
See NEH-4 (SCS 1985) and Rallison and Miller (1981) system, (1) use figure 2-4 if total impervious area is
for more detailed discussion of storm-to-storm varia- less than 30 percent or (2) use figure 2-3 if the total
tion and a demonstration of upper and lower envelop- impervious area is equal to or greater than 30 percent,
ing curves. because the absorptive capacity of the remaining
pervious areas will not significantly affect runoff.
Urban impervious area modifications
When impervious area is less than 30 percent, obtain
Several factors, such as the percentage of impervious the composite CN by entering the right half of figure
area and the means of conveying runoff from impervi- 2-4 with the percentage of total impervious area and
ous areas to the drainage system, should be consid- the ratio of total unconnected impervious area to total
ered in computing CN for urban areas (Rawls et al., impervious area. Then move left to the appropriate
1981). For example, do the impervious areas connect pervious CN and read down to find the composite CN.
directly to the drainage system, or do they outlet onto For example, for a 1/2-acre lot with 20 percent total
lawns or other pervious areas where infiltration can impervious area (75 percent of which is unconnected)
occur? and pervious CN of 61, the composite CN from figure
2-4 is 66. If all of the impervious area is connected, the
Connected impervious areas — An impervious area resulting CN (from figure 2-3) would be 68.
is considered connected if runoff from it flows directly
into the drainage system. It is also considered con-
nected if runoff from it occurs as concentrated shal-
low flow that runs over a pervious area and then into
the drainage system.
100
90
Pervious CN =
90
80
70
80
60
Composite CN
70 50
40
60
50
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Connected impervious area (percent)
Figure 2-4 Composite CN with unconnected impervious areas and total impervious area less than 30%
0.0
Per
viou
(Unconnected impervious)
0.5
sC
(Total impervious)
N=
40
90 80 70 60 50 1.0
90 80 70 60 50 40 0 10 20 30
• Curve numbers describe average conditions that • When the weighted CN is less than 40, use another
are useful for design purposes. If the rainfall event procedure to determine runoff.
used is a historical storm, the modeling accuracy
decreases. Examples
• Use the runoff curve number equation with caution Four examples illustrate the procedure for computing
when re-creating specific features of an actual runoff curve number (CN) and runoff (Q) in inches.
storm. The equation does not contain an expres- Worksheet 2 in appendix D is provided to assist TR-55
sion for time and, therefore, does not account for users. Figures 2-5 to 2-8 represent the use of
rainfall duration or intensity. worksheet 2 for each example. All four examples are
based on the same watershed and the same storm
• The user should understand the assumption re- event.
flected in the initial abstraction term (Ia) and
should ascertain that the assumption applies to the The watershed covers 250 acres in Dyer County,
situation. Ia, which consists of interception, initial northwestern Tennessee. Seventy percent (175 acres)
infiltration, surface depression storage, evapotrans- is a Loring soil, which is in hydrologic soil group C.
piration, and other factors, was generalized as 0.2S Thirty percent (75 acres) is a Memphis soil, which is in
based on data from agricultural watersheds (S is group B. The event is a 25-year frequency, 24-hour
the potential maximum retention after runoff storm with total rainfall of 6 inches.
begins). This approximation can be especially
important in an urban application because the Cover type and conditions in the watershed are differ-
combination of impervious areas with pervious ent for each example. The examples, therefore, illus-
areas can imply a significant initial loss that may trate how to compute CN and Q for various situations
not take place. The opposite effect, a greater initial of proposed, planned, or present development.
loss, can occur if the impervious areas have sur-
face depressions that store some runoff. To use a Example 2-1
relationship other than Ia = 0.2S, one must rede-
velop equation 2-3, figure 2-1, table 2-1, and table 2- The present cover type is pasture in good hydrologic
2 by using the original rainfall-runoff data to estab- condition. (See figure 2-5 for worksheet 2 informa-
lish new S or CN relationships for each cover and tion.)
hydrologic soil group.
Example 2-3
Example 2-4
Figure 2-4
Figure 2-3
acres
Table 2-2
(cover type, treatment, and hydrologic condition; percent mi 2
(appendix A) impervious; unconnected/connected impervious area ratio)
X %
Frequency ................................................. yr
25
Figure 2-4
Figure 2-3
acres
Table 2-2
(cover type, treatment, and hydrologic condition; percent mi 2
(appendix A) impervious; unconnected/connected impervious area ratio)
X %
25% impervious
Memphis, B 1/2 acre lots, good condition 70 75 5250
25% impervious
Loring, C 1/2 acre lots, good condition 80 100 8000
Frequency ................................................. yr
25
Figure 2-4
X acres
Figure 2-3
Table 2-2
(cover type, treatment, and hydrologic condition; percent mi 2
(appendix A) impervious; unconnected/connected impervious area ratio) %
35% impervious
Memphis, B 1/2 acre lots, good condition 74 75 5550
35% impervious
Loring, C 1/2 acre lots, good condition 82 100 8200
1
Use only one CN source per line
Totals 250 19,300
Frequency ................................................. yr
25
Figure 2-4
X acres
Figure 2-3
Table 2-2
(cover type, treatment, and hydrologic condition; percent mi 2
(appendix A) impervious; unconnected/connected impervious area ratio) %
1
Use only one CN source per line
Totals 250 18,600
Frequency ................................................. yr
25
Travel time (Tt) is the time it takes water to travel Computation of travel time and
from one location to another in a watershed. Tt is a time of concentration
component of time of concentration (Tc), which is the
time for runoff to travel from the hydraulically most Water moves through a watershed as sheet flow,
distant point of the watershed to a point of interest shallow concentrated flow, open channel flow, or
within the watershed. Tc is computed by summing all some combination of these. The type that occurs is a
the travel times for consecutive components of the function of the conveyance system and is best deter-
drainage conveyance system. mined by field inspection.
Tc influences the shape and peak of the runoff Travel time (Tt) is the ratio of flow length to flow
hydrograph. Urbanization usually decreases Tc, velocity:
thereby increasing the peak discharge. But Tc can be L
increased as a result of (a) ponding behind small or Tt = [eq. 3-1]
3600V
inadequate drainage systems, including storm drain
inlets and road culverts, or (b) reduction of land slope
through grading. where:
One of the most significant effects of urban develop- Time of concentration (Tc) is the sum of Tt values for
ment on flow velocity is less retardance to flow. That the various consecutive flow segments:
is, undeveloped areas with very slow and shallow
overland flow through vegetation become modified by Tc = Tt1 + Tt 2 + K Ttm [eq. 3-2]
urban development: the flow is then delivered to
streets, gutters, and storm sewers that transport runoff where:
downstream more rapidly. Travel time through the
watershed is generally decreased. Tc = time of concentration (hr)
m = number of flow segments
Channel shape and flow patterns
Slope
Figure 3-1 Average velocities for estimating travel time for shallow concentrated flow
.50
.20
.10
Watercourse slope (ft/ft)
.06
ved
.04
pa
ved
Un
Pa
.02
.01
.005
1 2 4 6 10 20
Sheet flow For sheet flow of less than 300 feet, use Manning’s
kinematic solution (Overtop and Meadows 1976) to
Sheet flow is flow over plane surfaces. It usually compute Tt:
occurs in the headwater of streams. With sheet flow,
0.007( nL )
0.8
the friction value (Manning’s n) is an effective rough- Tt = [eq. 3-3]
ness coefficient that includes the effect of raindrop
impact; drag over the plane surface; obstacles such as
( P2 )0.5 s0.4
litter, crop ridges, and rocks; and erosion and trans- where:
portation of sediment. These n values are for very
shallow flow depths of about 0.1 foot or so. Table 3-1 Tt = travel time (hr),
gives Manning’s n values for sheet flow for various n = Manning’s roughness coefficient (table 3-1)
surface conditions. L = flow length (ft)
P2 = 2-year, 24-hour rainfall (in)
s = slope of hydraulic grade line
Table 3-1 Roughness coefficients (Manning’s n) for (land slope, ft/ft)
sheet flow
This simplified form of the Manning’s kinematic solu-
Surface description n 1/ tion is based on the following: (1) shallow steady
uniform flow, (2) constant intensity of rainfall excess
Smooth surfaces (concrete, asphalt, (that part of a rain available for runoff), (3) rainfall
gravel, or bare soil) .......................................... 0.011 duration of 24 hours, and (4) minor effect of infiltra-
Fallow (no residue) .................................................. 0.05 tion on travel time. Rainfall depth can be obtained
Cultivated soils: from appendix B.
Residue cover ≤20% ......................................... 0.06
Residue cover >20% ......................................... 0.17 Shallow concentrated flow
Grass:
Short grass prairie ............................................ 0.15 After a maximum of 300 feet, sheet flow usually be-
Dense grasses 2/ ................................................ 0.24 comes shallow concentrated flow. The average veloc-
Bermudagrass . ................................................. 0.41 ity for this flow can be determined from figure 3-1, in
Range (natural) ......................................................... 0.13 which average velocity is a function of watercourse
Woods:3/ slope and type of channel. For slopes less than 0.005
Light underbrush .............................................. 0.40 ft/ft, use equations given in appendix F for figure 3-1.
Tillage can affect the direction of shallow concen-
Dense underbrush ............................................ 0.80
trated flow. Flow may not always be directly down the
1 The n values are a composite of information compiled by Engman watershed slope if tillage runs across the slope.
(1986).
2 Includes species such as weeping lovegrass, bluegrass, buffalo
grass, blue grama grass, and native grass mixtures.
After determining average velocity in figure 3-1, use
3 When selecting n, consider cover to a height of about 0.1 ft. This equation 3-1 to estimate travel time for the shallow
is the only part of the plant cover that will obstruct sheet flow. concentrated flow segment.
Open channels
Limitations
• Manning’s kinematic solution should not be used
for sheet flow longer than 300 feet. Equation 3-3
was developed for use with the four standard
rainfall intensity-duration relationships. 100 ft 1,400 ft 7,300 ft
A B C D
• In watersheds with storm sewers, carefully identify
the appropriate hydraulic flow path to estimate Tc. (Not to scale)
Storm sewers generally handle only a small portion
of a large event. The rest of the peak flow travels
by streets, lawns, and so on, to the outlet. Consult a
standard hydraulics textbook to determine average
velocity in pipes for either pressure or nonpressure
flow.
Segment ID AB
1. Surface description (table 3-1) ................................... Dense Grass
2. Manning's roughness coefficient, n (table 3-1) .......... 0.24
3. Flow length, L (total L ≤ 300 ft) ................................. ft 100
4. Two-year 24-hour rainfall, p .................................. in 3.6
2
5. Land slope, s ........................................................ ft/ft 0.01
6. 0.007 (nL)
Tt = _____________
0.8 Compute Tt ......... hr
0.30 + = 0.30
P2 0.5 s0.4
Shallow concentrated flow
Segment ID BC
7. Surface description (paved or unpaved) ..................... Unpaved
8. Flow length, L ...........................................................ft
1400
9. Watercourse slope, s ............................................ ft/ft
0.01
10. Average velocity, V (figure 3-1) ............................. ft/s
1.6
11. L
Tt = _______ Compute Tt ........... hr
0.24 + = 0.24
3600 V
Channel flow
Segement ID CD
12. Cross sectional flow area, a ................................. ft2 27
13. Wetted perimeter, Pw .............................................. ft 28.2
a
14. Hydraulic radius, r = Compute r ...................... ft 0.957
Pw
15 Channel slope, s ..................................................... ft/ft 0.005
16. Manning's roughness coefficient, n ............................ 0.05
1.49 r s 2/3 1/2 2.05
17. V = _______________ Compute V ................ft/s
n 7300
18. Flow length, L .......................................................... ft
L
19. Tt = _________ Compute Tt .............. hr 0.99 + = 0.99
3600 V
20. Watershed or subarea Tc or Tt (add Tt in steps 6, 11, and 19) ....................................................... Hr 1.53
This chapter presents the Graphical Peak Discharge Figure 4-1 Variation of Ia/P for P and CN
method for computing peak discharge from rural and
urban areas. The Graphical method was developed 1.0
from hydrograph analyses using TR-20, “Computer
Program for Project Formulation—Hydrology” (SCS 0.8
1983). The peak discharge equation used is:
0.6
qp = quAmQFp [eq. 4-1}
Ia/P
CN = 40
where: 0.4 50
60
qp = peak discharge (ft3/s) 70
0.2 80
qu = unit peak discharge (csm/in) 90
Am = drainage area (mi2)
Q = runoff (in) 0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
Fp= pond and swamp adjustment factor
Rainfall (P), inches
The input requirements for the Graphical method are
as follows: (1) Tc (hr), (2) drainage area (mi2), (3) Table 4-1 Ia values for runoff curve numbers
appropriate rainfall distribution (I, IA, II, or III), (4) 24-
hour rainfall (in), and (5) CN. If pond and swamp
areas are spread throughout the watershed and are not Curve Ia Curve Ia
considered in the Tc computation, an adjustment for number (in) number (in)
pond and swamp areas is also needed. 40 ...................... 3.000 70 ...................... 0.857
41 ...................... 2.878 71 ...................... 0.857
Peak discharge computation 42 ...................... 2.762 72 ...................... 0.817
43 ...................... 2.651 73 ...................... 0.778
For a selected rainfall frequency, the 24-hour rainfall 44 ...................... 2.545 74 ...................... 0.703
(P) is obtained from appendix B or more detailed local 45 ...................... 2.444 75 ...................... 0.667
46 ...................... 2.348 76 ...................... 0.632
precipitation maps. CN and total runoff (Q) for the
47 ...................... 2.255 77 ...................... 0.597
watershed are computed according to the methods 48 ...................... 2.167 78 ...................... 0.564
outlined in chapter 2. The CN is used to determine the 49 ...................... 2.082 79 ...................... 0.532
initial abstraction (Ia) from table 4-1. Ia/P is then 50 ...................... 2.000 80 ...................... 0.500
computed. 51 ...................... 1.922 81 ...................... 0.469
52 ...................... 1.846 82 ...................... 0.439
If the computed Ia/P ratio is outside the range in 53 ...................... 1.774 83 ...................... 0.410
exhibit 4 (4-I, 4-IA, 4-II, and 4-III) for the rainfall distri- 54 ...................... 1.704 84 ...................... 0.381
bution of interest, then the limiting value should be 55 ...................... 1.636 85 ...................... 0.353
used. If the ratio falls between the limiting values, use 56 ...................... 1.571 86 ...................... 0.326
linear interpolation. Figure 4-1 illustrates the sensitiv- 57 ...................... 1.509 87 ...................... 0.299
58 ...................... 1.448 88 ...................... 0.273
ity of Ia/P to CN and P.
59 ...................... 1.390 89 ...................... 0.247
60 ...................... 1.333 90 ...................... 0.222
Peak discharge per square mile per inch of runoff (qu) 61 ...................... 1.279 91 ...................... 0.198
is obtained from exhibit 4-I, 4-IA, 4-II, or 4-III by using 62 ...................... 1.226 92 ...................... 0.174
Tc (chapter 3), rainfall distribution type, and Ia/P ratio. 63 ...................... 1.175 93 ...................... 0.151
The pond and swamp adjustment factor is obtained 64 ...................... 1.125 94 ...................... 0.128
from table 4-2 (rounded to the nearest table value). 65 ...................... 1.077 95 ...................... 0.105
Use worksheet 4 in appendix D to aid in computing the 66 ...................... 1.030 96 ...................... 0.083
peak discharge using the Graphical method. 67 ...................... 0.985 97 ...................... 0.062
68 ...................... 0.941 98 ...................... 0.041
69 ...................... 0.899
Table 4-2 Adjustment factor (Fp) for pond and swamp • When this method is used to develop estimates of
areas that are spread throughout the peak discharge for both present and developed
watershed
conditions of a watershed, use the same procedure
for estimating Tc.
Percentage of pond
and swamp areas Fp • Tc values with this method may range from 0.1 to
10 hours.
0 ..................................................... 1.00
0.2 .................................................. 0.97
1.0 .................................................. 0.87
Example 4-1
3.0 .................................................. 0.75
5.0 .................................................. 0.72 Compute the 25-year peak discharge for the 250-acre
watershed described in examples 2-2 and 3-1. Figure 4-
Limitations 2 shows how worksheet 4 is used to compute qp as 345
ft3/s.
The Graphical method provides a determination of
peak discharge only. If a hydrograph is needed or
watershed subdivision is required, use the Tabular
Hydrograph method (chapter 5). Use TR-20 if the
watershed is very complex or a higher degree of
accuracy is required.
1. Data
0.39 mi2 (acres/640) _______________________
Drainage area .......................................... Am = ______________
75
Runoff curve number .................................CN = ______________ (From worksheet 2), ____________________
Figure 2-6
1.53 Figure 3-2
Time of concentration ................................. Tc = ______________ hr (From worksheet 3), _________________
II
Rainfall distribution ....................................... = _______________ (I, IA, II III) ___________________________
Pond and swamp areas sprea
__ _ _ acres or mi2 covered)
throughout watershed ................................... = ____________ percent of Am ( ________
2. Frequency .................................................................................... yr 25
3. Rainfall, P (24-hour) .................................................................... in 6.0
( Where qp = quAmQFp )
Exhibit 4-I Unit peak discharge (qu) for NRCS (SCS) type I rainfall distribution
500
300
Ia /
P
=
0.1
0
Unit peak discharge (q u ), (csm/in)
0.2
0
200 0.2
5
0.3
0
0.3
5
0.4
100 0
80
0.45
60
0.50
40
.1 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 2 4 6 8 10
Time of concentration (T c ), (hours)
Exhibit 4-IA Unit peak discharge (qu) for NRCS (SCS) type IA rainfall distribution
200
Ia /
P
=
0.1
Unit peak discharge (q u ), (csm/in)
0
100
0.2
0
80
0.2
5
60 0.30
0.50
40
30
.1 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 2 4 6 8 10
Time of concentration (T c ), (hours)
Exhibit 4-II Unit peal discharge (qu) for NRCS (SCS) type II rainfall distribution
1000
800
600
500 Ia /
P
=
0.1
400 0
0.3
Unit peak discharge (q u ), (csm/in)
0.3 0
0.4 5
300 0
0.4
5
0.5
0
200
100
80
60
50
.1 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 2 4 6 8 10
Exhibit 4-III Unit peal discharge (qu) for NRCS (SCS) type III rainfall distribution
700
600
500
400
Ia /
P
=
0.1
0
0.3
Unit peak discharge (q u ), (csm/in)
300 0
0.3
5
0.4
0
0.4
5
200 0.5
0
100
80
60
40
.1 .2 .4 .6 .8 1 2 4 6 8 10
This chapter presents the Tabular Hydrograph method For Tt’s other than zero, the tabular discharge values
of computing peak discharges from rural and urban represent the contribution from a single subarea to the
areas, using time of concentration (Tc) and travel time composite hydrograph at Tt downstream.
(Tt) from a subarea as inputs. This method approxi-
mates TR-20, a more detailed hydrograph procedure Information required for Tabular
(SCS 1983). Hydrograph method
The Tabular method can develop partial composite The following information is required for the Tabular
flood hydrographs at any point in a watershed by method:
dividing the watershed into homogeneous subareas. In
this manner, the method can estimate runoff from 1. Subdivision of the watershed into areas that are
nonhomogeneous watersheds. The method is espe- relatively homogeneous and have convenient
cially applicable for estimating the effects of land use routing reaches.
change in a portion of a watershed. It can also be used
to estimate the effects of proposed structures. 2. Drainage area of each subarea in square miles.
Input data needed to develop a partial composite flood 3. Tc for each subarea in hours. The procedure for
hydrograph include (1) 24-hour rainfall (in), (2) appro- estimating Tc is outlined in chapter 3. Worksheet 3
priate rainfall distribution (I, IA, II, or III), (3) CN, (4) (appendix D) can be used to calculate Tc.
Tc (hr), (5) Tt (hr), and (6) drainage area (mi2).
4. Tt for each routing reach in hours. The procedure
Tabular Hydrograph method for estimating Tt is outlined in chapter 3.
exhibits Worksheet 3 can be used to calculate Tt through a
subarea for shallow concentrated and open chan-
Exhibit 5 (5-I, 5-IA, 5-II, and 5-III) shows tabular dis- nel flow.
charge values for the various rainfall distributions.
Tabular discharges expressed in csm/in (cubic feet of 5. Weighted CN for each subarea. Table 2-2 shows
discharge per second per square mile of watershed per CN’s for individual hydrologic soil cover combina-
inch of runoff) are given for a range of subarea Tc’s tions. Worksheet 2 can be used to calculate the
from 0.1 to 2 hours and reach Tt’s from 0 to 3 hours. weighted runoff curve number.
The exhibit was developed by computing hydrographs 6. Appropriate rainfall distribution according to
for 1 square mile of drainage area for selected Tc’s and figure B-2 (appendix B).
routing them through stream reaches with the range of
Tt’s indicated. The Modified Att-Kin method for reach 7. The 24-hour rainfall for the selected frequency.
routing, formulated by SCS in the late 1970’s, was used Appendix B contains rainfall maps for various
to compute the tabular hydrographs (Comer et al., frequencies (figures B-3 to B-8).
1981). A CN of 75 and rainfall amounts generating
appropriate Ia/P ratios were used. The resulting runoff 8. Total runoff (Q) in inches computed from CN and
estimate was used to convert the hydrographs in rainfall.
exhibits 5-I through 5-III to cubic feet of discharge per
second per square mile of watershed per inch of 9. Ia for each subarea from table 5-1, which is the
runoff. same as table 4-1.
An assumption in development of the tabular 10. Ratio of Ia/P for each subarea. If the ratio for the
hydrographs is that all discharges for a stream reach rainfall distribution of interest is outside the range
flow at the same velocity. By this assumption, the shown in exhibit 5, use the limiting value.
subarea flood hydrographs may be routed separately
and added at the reference point. The tabular
hydrographs in exhibit 5 are prerouted hydrographs.
Development of composite flood interest. Use STt for each subarea as the total reach
hydrograph travel time from that subarea through the watershed to
the point of interest. Compute the hydrograph coordi-
This section describes the procedure for developing nates for selected STt’s using the appropriate sheets in
the peak discharge and selected discharge values of a exhibit 5. The flow at any time is:
composite flood hydrograph.
Figure 5-1
Worksheet 5a: Basic watershed data
Project Location By Date
Fallswood Dyer County, Tennessee DW 10/1/85
Checked Date
Check one: X Present Developed Frequency (yr) 25 NM 10/31/85
Subarea Drainage Time of Travel Downstream Travel 24-hr Runoff Runoff Initial
name area concen- time subarea time rain- curve abstraction
tration through names summation fall number
subarea to outlet
5–5
5–6
Chapter 5
Figure 5-2
Worksheet 5b: Basic watershed data
Project Location By Date
Fallswood Dyer County, Tennessee DW 10/1/85
Checked Date
Check one: X Present Developed Frequency (yr) 25 UM 10/3/85
Subarea Basic watershed data used 1 Select and enter hydrograph times in hours from exhibit 5-II 2
name
Subarea ΣTt Ia/P AmQ
Tc to outlet 12.7 12.8 13.0 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.3 14.6 15.0 15.5
(hr) ( mi2–in ) Discharges at selected hydrograph times 3
(hr)
( ft3s )
1 0.10
Worksheet 5b for example 5-1
6 1.50 0.75 0.10 1.12 36 47 85 140 200 249 269 261 216 166 114 75
7 1.25 0 0.10 0.66 169 187 205 176 140 108 85 69 51 40 31 24
Figure 5-3
Worksheet 5a: Basic watershed data
Project Location By Date
Fallswood Dyer County, Tennessee DW 10/1/85
Checked Date
Check one: X Present Developed Frequency (yr) 25 NM 10/31/85
Subarea Drainage Time of Travel Downstream Travel 24-hr Runoff Runoff Initial
name area concen- time subarea time rain- curve abstraction
tration through names summation fall number
subarea to outlet
5–7
5–8
Chapter 5
Figure 5-4
Worksheet 5b: Basic watershed data
Project Location By Date
Fallswood Dyer County, Tennessee DW 10/1/85
Checked Date
Check one: Present X Developed Frequency (yr) 25 UM 10/3/85
Subarea Basic watershed data used 1 Select and enter hydrograph times in hours from exhibit 5-II 2
name
Subarea ΣTt Ia/P AmQ
Tc to outlet 12.7 12.8 13.0 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.3 14.6 15.0 15.5
(hr) ( mi2–in ) Discharges at selected hydrograph times 3
(hr)
( ft3s )
Worksheet 5b for example 5-2
6 1.00 0.50 0.10 1.31 149 208 331 407 393 329 255 195 134 97 69 52
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.1 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 30 40 56 183 337 504 326 155 122 107 93 81 73 66 60 56 54 52 49 46 44 40 36 32 30 29 28 27 26 24 20 13
.10 26 35 48 93 153 276 428 360 223 156 123 103 83 72 65 59 56 54 51 47 45 42 37 33 30 29 28 28 26 24 21 13
.20 23 30 41 60 82 129 227 361 360 269 194 147 118 85 71 63 58 55 53 49 46 43 39 35 31 29 29 28 26 24 21 14
.30 22 29 39 56 73 111 188 303 341 293 227 173 136 94 75 65 60 56 54 50 47 43 39 35 31 29 29 28 26 25 21 14
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 18 27 34 43 46 48 49 51 53 54 54 55 54 52 50 50 49 49 49 48 46 33
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 15 23 36 43 46 48 50 51 53 54 55 55 53 50 50 49 49 49 48 46 34
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 13 27 37 43 46 48 50 52 54 55 55 54 51 50 50 49 49 48 46 34
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 20 32 40 45 47 50 52 54 55 54 52 50 50 49 49 49 47 36
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 13 23 33 42 47 51 54 55 54 53 50 50 49 49 48 37
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 12 25 37 46 51 54 55 54 52 50 49 49 48 39
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 15 31 45 51 53 55 54 52 50 49 48 41
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 32 45 51 53 54 54 51 49 48 42
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–9
Exhibit 5-I: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type I rainfall distribution—continued
5–10
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
Chapter 5
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.2 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 28 37 52 126 220 379 405 267 168 129 108 92 80 69 62 58 55 53 50 47 44 41 37 33 30 29 28 27 26 24 21 13
.10 24 32 44 71 108 182 313 375 303 213 157 124 103 78 68 61 57 55 52 49 46 42 38 34 30 29 29 28 26 24 21 14
.20 21 28 38 53 65 94 153 260 336 314 247 187 145 97 77 67 60 57 54 50 47 44 39 35 31 30 29 28 26 25 21 14
.30 20 27 36 50 60 82 129 216 296 308 267 214 168 110 82 69 62 58 55 51 47 44 40 36 32 30 29 28 26 25 21 14
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 10 19 27 34 39 44 47 49 50 52 53 53 53 53 53 51 50 50 49 49 49 49 46 33
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 15 23 30 36 43 46 48 50 51 53 53 53 53 53 52 50 50 49 49 49 48 46 33
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 14 20 27 37 43 46 48 50 52 53 53 53 53 52 50 50 50 49 49 48 46 34
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 14 26 36 42 46 48 51 52 53 53 53 52 50 50 49 49 49 47 35
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 13 23 33 40 46 49 52 53 53 53 51 50 50 49 49 48 37
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 16 26 37 44 50 52 53 53 53 51 50 49 49 48 38
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 19 31 43 50 52 53 53 52 51 50 49 48 39
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 25 41 49 52 53 53 52 50 49 48 41
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.3 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 25 34 46 87 138 242 349 346 256 182 141 115 97 76 66 60 57 54 52 48 45 42 38 34 30 29 28 28 26 24 21 13
.10 24 32 44 77 118 200 299 330 281 215 166 132 109 82 69 62 58 55 52 49 46 42 38 34 30 29 29 28 26 24 21 14
.20 21 28 38 54 69 102 167 255 305 289 240 190 152 103 79 67 61 57 54 50 47 44 40 35 31 30 29 28 26 25 21 14
.30 20 27 36 51 63 89 141 217 276 285 255 212 172 115 85 71 63 58 55 51 48 44 40 36 32 30 29 28 26 25 21 14
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 11 19 26 33 41 46 48 49 51 52 52 52 52 52 52 50 50 49 49 49 48 46 33
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 15 23 30 39 44 47 49 50 51 52 52 52 52 52 50 50 49 49 49 48 46 33
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 8 14 20 31 40 44 47 49 51 52 52 52 52 52 50 50 50 49 49 48 46 34
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 9 20 31 39 44 47 50 51 52 52 52 52 50 50 50 49 49 47 36
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 18 28 36 44 48 51 52 52 52 51 50 50 49 49 48 37
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 12 21 33 42 48 51 52 52 52 51 50 49 49 48 38
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 15 27 40 48 51 52 52 52 51 50 49 48 40
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 11 25 41 48 51 52 52 51 50 49 48 41
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–11
Exhibit 5-I: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type I rainfall distribution—continued
5–12
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
Chapter 5
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.4 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 23 31 42 66 96 157 250 310 304 244 186 149 122 89 73 64 59 56 53 49 46 43 39 35 31 29 29 28 26 25 21 14
.10 22 29 40 61 84 133 211 277 295 261 211 170 138 98 78 66 60 56 54 50 47 43 39 35 31 29 29 28 26 25 21 14
.20 19 26 34 47 56 75 114 178 244 278 267 230 190 128 93 75 65 59 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 30 29 28 27 25 21 14
.30 18 24 33 45 53 67 98 152 213 257 263 241 207 143 102 80 68 61 57 52 49 45 41 37 32 30 29 28 27 25 21 14
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 19 32 40 45 47 49 51 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 49 49 49 47 35
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 23 34 41 45 48 50 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 49 49 49 47 35
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 14 26 35 42 46 49 50 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 49 49 47 36
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 14 25 35 44 48 50 51 51 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 37
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 13 27 39 47 50 51 51 51 51 50 49 49 48 39
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 21 36 47 50 51 51 51 51 50 49 48 40
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 19 37 47 50 51 51 51 50 40 48 42
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 25 40 48 50 51 51 50 50 49 43
+ --- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 21 23 38 56 73 111 175 247 282 271 229 186 152 108 84 71 63 58 55 51 47 44 40 35 31 30 29 28 26 25 21 14
.10 20 27 36 52 66 96 149 214 259 267 242 204 169 119 90 74 65 59 55 51 48 44 40 36 32 30 29 28 26 25 21 14
.20 17 23 31 42 49 60 84 127 185 234 256 247 219 156 112 86 72 63 58 53 49 45 41 37 33 30 29 28 27 25 22 14
.30 16 22 30 40 46 55 74 110 160 210 241 245 227 171 123 93 76 66 59 54 50 46 42 38 33 30 29 28 27 25 22 14
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 13 19 31 39 44 47 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 46 34
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 10 16 28 37 43 46 48 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 46 34
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 10 20 30 38 43 46 48 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 47 35
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 20 30 38 43 47 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 47 36
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 14 23 31 41 46 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 48 38
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 13 25 36 45 49 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 48 39
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 12 23 37 46 49 50 50 50 50 50 49 48 40
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 21 37 46 49 50 50 50 50 49 48 42
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
5–13
RAINFALL TYPE = I * * * TC = 0.5 HR * * * SHEET 5 OF 10
5–14
Exhibit 5-I: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type I rainfall distribution—continued
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 5
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.75 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 16 22 30 41 47 59 82 119 167 209 229 233 212 161 122 97 80 69 62 56 51 46 42 38 33 31 29 28 27 25 22 14
.10 14 19 26 35 39 44 54 72 104 146 188 215 227 197 150 116 93 77 68 59 53 48 43 39 35 31 30 29 27 25 22 15
.20 13 16 22 30 33 37 42 50 65 91 128 168 200 218 183 142 110 89 75 63 56 49 44 40 36 32 30 29 27 26 22 15
.30 12 16 21 28 31 35 39 46 59 80 112 149 183 214 191 151 118 94 79 65 57 50 45 41 36 32 30 29 27 26 22 15
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8 17 28 36 41 45 47 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 47 35
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 15 25 34 40 44 47 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 47 35
.75 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 9 18 27 35 40 44 47 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 47 36
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 10 18 27 35 40 45 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 48 37
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 13 21 29 38 44 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 48 38
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 15 26 36 44 48 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 48 39
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 21 34 44 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 40
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 19 35 44 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 42
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 14 19 25 34 38 46 58 79 106 136 165 186 202 185 153 122 101 85 74 63 56 50 44 40 35 32 30 29 27 26 22 15
.10 13 18 24 32 36 42 53 70 94 122 151 174 194 188 160 130 106 89 77 65 57 50 44 40 36 32 30 29 27 26 22 15
.20 12 15 21 28 31 34 40 49 63 83 109 137 162 190 180 152 124 102 86 70 61 53 46 41 37 33 31 29 27 26 22 15
.30 12 15 20 26 29 33 37 45 57 75 98 124 149 187 183 159 131 107 90 73 62 53 47 42 37 33 31 29 28 26 23 15
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 10 19 27 34 40 44 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 47 36
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 8 16 25 33 38 43 46 48 48 48 48 4& 48 48 48 48 48 47 36
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 8 15 23 30 36 41 45 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 47 36
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 19 27 33 41 45 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 37
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 11 17 28 37 44 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 39
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 16 26 38 45 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 40
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 12 24 38 45 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 41
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 14 29 40 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 42
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–15
Exhibit 5-I: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type I rainfall distribution—continued
5–16
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
Chapter 5
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 13 32 56 79 95 101 94 80 69 61 56 52 48 44 40 39 36 27
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 13 30 51 81 98 94 79 68 61 56 52 47 42 39 36 28
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 13 37 66 95 95 78 68 61 56 51 44 40 37 29
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 7 13 21 28 35 39 45 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 37
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 12 19 27 33 38 44 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 37
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 14 21 28 34 41 45 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 37
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 11 17 24 34 41 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 38
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 19 29 39 45 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 40
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 9 18 30 41 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 41
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 17 31 41 46 47 47 47 47 47 47 42
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 18 32 42 46 47 47 47 47 47 43
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 11 14 19 25 28 32 39 48 60 76 94 112 129 151 163 147 130 112 97 81 69 59 50 44 39 35 32 30 28 26 23 15
.10 10 12 16 22 24 27 30 36 44 55 69 86 103 135 152 159 143 125 108 88 75 62 52 46 41 36 32 30 28 26 23 16
.20 9 11 14 19 21 23 25 29 34 41 50 63 78 112 140 155 152 138 121 98 81 67 55 43 42 37 33 31 28 27 23 16
.30 9 11 14 18 20 22 24 27 31 38 46 57 71 104 133 151 154 141 125 101 84 68 56 48 43 38 34 31 29 27 23 16
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 16 36 59 80 94 99 96 87 79 70 63 58 53 49 45 42 40 38 35 26
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8 13 31 54 75 91 98 97 88 80 71 64 58 54 49 45 42 40 38 35 26
Tabular Hydrograph Method
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 13 28 49 69 85 95 95 87 76 67 61 56 51 47 44 40 39 36 26
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 13 29 49 69 84 95 92 81 71 63 58 53 49 45 41 39 36 27
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 9 20 35 63 84 92 83 72 64 58 54 49 43 40 37 28
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 12 18 25 31 38 44 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 38
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 17 23 30 37 43 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 38
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 12 19 25 33 40 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 38
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 15 25 33 42 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 39
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 14 23 34 43 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 40
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 11 22 35 43 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 42
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 10 23 36 43 46 46 46 46 46 46 43
3.0 0 n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 14 27 38 44 46 46 46 46 46 44
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–17
5–18
Exhibit 5-I: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type I rainfall distribution—continued
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 5
TIME 9.3 9.9 10.1 10.3 10.5 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 18.0 24.0
(hr)9.0 9.6 10.0 10.2 10.4 10.6 10.8 11.2 11.6 12.0 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 17.0 20.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 2.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 9 11 14 19 21 24 28 33 40 49 59 70 82 106 123 138 138 125 115 97 83 70 59 50 44 39 35 32 29 27 23 16
.10 8 10 13 17 18 20 23 26 31 37 45 54 65 89 110 125 135 130 123 106 90 75 62 53 46 40 36 33 29 27 24 16
.20 8 10 12 16 17 19 22 25 29 34 41 50 60 83 105 121 132 131 125 109 92 77 63 53 46 41 36 33 29 27 24 17
.30 7 9 11 14 15 17 18 21 23 27 32 38 46 66 89 109 123 131 129 117 100 82 66 56 48 42 38 34 30 28 24 17
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 10 16 23 31 49 65 77 84 92 86 80 75 69 63 58 53 49 45 43 40 38 35 26
.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 13 19 35 53 68 79 85 90 83 77 71 64 59 55 50 46 43 40 39 35 26
.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 7 11 24 40 57 71 81 89 89 80 73 66 61 56 51 47 44 41 39 35 26
.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 9 20 36 53 68 78 84 88 81 74 67 61 56 52 48 44 41 39 36 26
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 12 24 40 57 70 80 87 84 76 69 63 58 53 49 45 41 39 36 27
Tabular Hydrograph Method
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 10 21 36 53 67 77 87 85 77 69 63 58 54 49 46 41 39 36 27
,75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 14 26 41 56 69 82 85 80 72 65 60 55 51 47 42 40 36 27
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 10 20 34 49 68 81 85 77 69 63 58 53 49 43 40 37 28
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 11 16 21 29 36 42 45 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 39
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 5 9 14 20 28 35 42 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 39
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 13 18 26 33 41 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 39
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 5 9 16 24 33 42 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 40
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8 15 25 36 43 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 42
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 14 26 37 43 45 45 45 45 45 45 43
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 15 27 37 43 45 45 45 45 45 44
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 19 30 39 44 45 45 45 45 45
+ --- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - +
RAINFALL TYPE = I * * * TC = 2.0 HR * * * SHEET 10 OF 10
Exhibit 5-IA: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type IA rainfall distribution
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8 10.3 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 22.0
Chapter 5
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.1 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 28 36 50 143 154 163 140 103 87 76 68 67 65 61 54 49 45 44 44 41 40 39 36 33 32 32 31 30 30 29 26 21
.10 27 32 43 104 130 146 157 145 117 97 83 73 69 65 59 53 48 45 45 42 40 39 37 34 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 22
.20 26 29 37 59 89 116 136 150 147 127 107 91 79 68 63 57 52 47 45 44 41 39 37 35 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 22
.30 25 28 35 53 77 103 125 142 145 133 116 99 86 71 65 59 53 48 46 44 41 39 38 35 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 22
,40 0 0 0 2 7 17 31 49 62 67 67 64 60 55 52 50 48 45 44 43 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 38 34
,50 0 0 0 1 5 13 25 41 55 63 66 64 61 56 53 51 48 46 44 43 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 38 34
.75 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 13 24 36 47 55 61 61 57 54 51 49 47 44 43 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 15 25 36 46 53 60 59 55 53 50 48 45 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 38 35
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 15 31 47 55 57 56 53 50 46 44 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 39 39 35
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 15 28 42 51 55 54 51 47 44 43 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 36
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 9 13 18 22 25 30 31 33 37 39 41 44 47 53 49
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 10 tS 20 24 29 31 32 36 39 41 44 47 53 53
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 11 16 21 26 30 31 34 38 40 43 46 53 53
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 11 17 23 28 31 32 35 39 42 45 53 53
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 17 23 28 31 32 35 40 43 49 52
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 17 23 28 31 32 38 42 48 52
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 18 24 28 31 36 40 47 52
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 18 24 28 33 39 45 52
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–19
5–20
Exhibit 5-IA: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type IA rainfall distribution—continued
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8 10.3 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 22.0
Chapter 5
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
+ --- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.2 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 27 34 46 124 143 153 153 127 103 87 76 68 67 63 57 51 47 45 44 42 40 39 36 33 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 21
.10 27 33 44 108 131 146 151 135 113 96 83 73 69 65 59 53 48 45 45 42 40 39 37 33 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 22
.20 26 29 38 67 95 119 137 146 139 122 105 90 79 69 63 57 52 47 45 44 41 39 37 34 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 22
.30 25 27 33 45 60 83 107 127 140 139 128 112 97 76 68 62 56 50 47 45 42 40 38 35 33 33 32 31 30 29 27 22
.40 0 0 0 3 8 18 32 47 58 64 64 62 59 55 52 50 48 45 44 43 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
.50 0 0 0 0 2 6 14 26 40 52 60 63 62 58 54 52 50 47 45 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
.75 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 14 24 35 45 53 57 59 56 54 51 49 47 44 43 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 8 15 25 35 44 56 58 56 54 51 49 46 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 23 38 50 55 56 54 51 47 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 39 39 35
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 15 27 40 49 54 54 51 47 44 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 39 36
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 9 15 19 23 28 31 32 35 39 41 44 47 50 50
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 12 17 22 27 31 32 34 39 40 43 46 50 50
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 14 20 25 30 31 33 37 39 42 46 50 50
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 16 22 27 31 32 35 38 42 45 49 50
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 17 23 28 31 32 35 40 43 49 50
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 17 23 28 31 32 38 42 48 50
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 16 22 27 30 35 40 46 50
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 17 23 27 33 38 45 50
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0 +
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.3 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 26 31 41 92 120 138 145 144 125 105 90 78 71 66 60 54 49 46 45 43 40 39 37 34 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 22
.10 26 30 39 80 106 128 139 142 131 113 98 85 76 68 62 56 51 47 45 43 41 39 37 34 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 22
.20 25 28 34 51 70 94 117 131 139 133 120 105 92 74 67 60 54 49 46 44 42 40 38 35 33 33 32 31 30 29 27 22
.30 24 26 31 40 47 62 84 106 123 133 133 124 112 87 73 65 59 53 49 45 43 40 39 36 33 33 32 32 30 29 27 22
.40 0 0 0 1 4 10 20 33 45 55 61 62 61 56 54 52 49 46 45 43 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
.50 0 0 0 1 3 7 15 27 39 50 57 60 61 57 54 52 50 47 45 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
.75 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 15 24 34 43 51 55 58 56 54 52 49 47 44 43 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 9 16 25 34 49 56 57 55 53 50 47 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 23 37 49 54 55 54 51 47 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 39 39 35
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 10 21 33 44 51 54 52 48 44 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 39 36
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 9 14 19 23 28 31 32 35 39 41 44 47 48 48
,50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 10 15 21 26 30 31 33 38 40 43 46 48 48
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 13 19 24 29 31 33 36 39 42 46 48 48
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 16 22 27 31 32 35 38 42 45 48 48
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 16 23 27 31 32 35 40 43 48 48
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 16 22 27 30 32 38 42 47 48
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 16 22 27 30 35 40 46 48
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 17 23 27 33 38 45 48
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–21
Exhibit 5-IA: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type IA rainfall distribution—continued
5–22
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8 10.3 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 22.0
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0 +
Chapter 5
.40 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 21 33 44 53 58 60 58 55 53 51 48 45 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
.50 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 17 28 39 48 55 59 59 56 53 51 49 46 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 38 34
.75 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 9 16 25 34 43 49 57 57 55 53 50 48 45 44 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 17 25 34 48 55 56 55 53 50 47 45 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 16 30 43 51 55 55 52 49 45 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 36
2.0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 15 27 39 47 53 53 49 45 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 39 36
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 7 14 25 40 50 52 49 45 43 42 41 41 40 40 39 37
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 9 13 16 20 23 27 31 32 34 39 40 42 45 47 47 47
.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 10 13 18 22 26 30 31 33 38 39 41 45 47 47 47
.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 11 16 20 24 29 31 33 36 39 41 44 47 47 47
.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 8 13 18 23 28 31 32 35 39 41 43 47 47 47
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 16 21 26 30 32 34 38 40 43 46 47 47
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 13 19 25 29 31 33 37 39 42 46 47 47
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 11 17 23 28 31 32 35 39 42 45 47 47
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 12 20 25 29 31 33 37 41 44 47 47
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 13 20 26 30 31 34 40 43 47 47
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 14 21 26 30 32 37 41 47 47
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 15 21 26 30 34 40 46 47
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 15 22 27 32 38 45 47
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
+ --- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + ---
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 25 28 34 53 72 94 115 129 130 129 117 104 92 76 68 61 55 50 47 44 42 40 38 34 33 33 32 31 30 29 27 22
.10 24 27 33 49 64 84 105 121 127 128 121 109 98 80 70 63 57 51 48 45 42 40 38 34 33 33 32 32 30 29 27 22
.20 23 26 30 39 46 58 75 95 112 122 126 123 114 93 78 69 61 55 50 46 44 41 39 36 34 33 32 32 30 29 27 22
.30 21 24 27 34 37 43 53 68 86 103 116 123 123 108 89 76 67 60 54 48 45 42 39 37 34 33 33 32 30 30 27 22
.40 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 13 23 34 44 51 56 58 56 54 52 49 47 44 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 34
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 18 29 39 47 56 57 55 53 51 49 45 44 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 17 25 34 48 54 56 55 53 50 47 45 43 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 11 26 41 51 55 55 54 50 47 44 43 42 41 41 40 40 40 40 39 35
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 23 36 47 52 54 52 48 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 36
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 16 27 38 49 53 51 47 44 42 42 41 40 40 40 39 36
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 16 21 26 30 32 34 38 40 43 46 46 46
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 13 19 25 29 31 33 37 39 42 46 46 46
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 11 17 23 28 31 32 35 39 42 45 46 46
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 18 24 29 31 33 36 41 44 46 46
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 19 24 29 31 33 39 42 46 46
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 12 19 25 29 31 37 41 46 46
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 13 20 25 29 34 39 45 46
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 14 20 26 32 37 44 46
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–23
Exhibit 5-IA: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type IA rainfall distribution—continued
5–24
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8 10.3 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 22.0
Chapter 5
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
+ --- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + ------ +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.75 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 22 25 29 38 45 56 71 87 103 114 117 117 111 95 81 72 65 58 53 48 45 41 39 36 33 33 33 32 30 29 27 22
.10 21 25 28 36 42 51 64 79 95 108 114 116 113 99 85 74 66 60 54 48 45 42 39 37 34 33 33 32 30 30 27 22
.20 19 23 26 32 35 39 47 58 72 87 101 110 114 109 95 82 72 65 58 51 47 43 40 38 34 33 33 32 31 30 27 23
.30 19 22 26 31 33 37 44 54 66 80 94 104 112 110 98 85 75 67 60 52 47 43 40 38 34 33 33 32 31 30 28 23
1.5 7 10 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 31 39 53 71 87 99 99 85 68 53 46 41 39 36 34 33 31 29 24
2.0 4 6 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 23 26 31 39 51 67 88 95 86 67 53 45 41 38 36 33 32 29 25
2.5 2 3 5 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 23 26 30 38 56 77 93 84 66 52 45 41 38 34 33 30 25
3.0 0 1 2 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 21 24 30 42 67 90 84 68 54 46 42 36 33 30 26
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.30 * * * TC = 0.75 HR * * * IA/P = 0.30
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 0 0 0 0 2 4 10 19 29 39 48 53 56 56 54 53 51 49 46 44 44 42 42 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 34
.10 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 15 24 34 43 50 54 56 54 53 52 49 47 45 44 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 34
.20 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 12 20 30 39 46 54 55 54 53 51 49 46 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
.30 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 17 25 34 42 52 55 54 53 51 49 46 44 43 42 42 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 8 14 21 30 38 50 55 55 53 52 50 47 45 43 42 42 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 11 18 26 34 47 53 54 54 52 50 47 45 43 42 42 40 40 40 40 40 39 39 35
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 10 16 23 37 47 52 53 53 52 49 46 44 42 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 7 17 30 42 50 53 53 51 49 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 21 33 43 49 52 51 48 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 36
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 20 30 43 50 51 48 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 39 37
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 16 22 27 30 32 35 38 42 44 44 44
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 14 21 26 30 31 34 38 41 44 44 44
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 19 24 29 31 33 36 41 44 44 44
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 16 22 27 30 32 35 40 43 44 44
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 16 23 27 30 32 38 42 44 44
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 17 23 28 30 36 40 44 44
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 18 23 28 33 39 44 44
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 10 17 23 30 36 43 44
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
+ -- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 19 23 26 33 37 43 52 63 76 88 97 104 108 102 91 81 72 65 59 52 48 43 40 38 34 33 33 32 31 30 28 23
.10 19 22 26 32 35 41 48 58 70 82 92 100 105 103 94 83 75 67 61 53 48 44 40 38 35 33 33 32 31 30 28 23
.20 17 21 24 28 30 34 38 45 54 65 76 87 96 104 100 91 81 73 66 57 51 45 41 39 36 33 33 33 31 30 28 23
.30 16 20 23 27 29 32 36 42 50 60 71 81 91 103 101 93 84 75 67 58 52 46 42 39 36 34 33 33 31 30 28 23
.40 15 18 22 25 27 29 31 35 40 46 55 65 76 94 102 99 91 81 73 63 55 48 43 40 37 34 33 33 31 30 28 23
.50 14 18 21 25 26 28 30 33 37 43 51 61 71 90 101 101 93 84 75 64 56 49 43 40 37 34 33 33 31 30 28 23
.75 13 16 19 23 24 25 27 29 32 37 42 49 58 76 91 98 96 89 81 70 60 51 45 41 38 35 34 33 32 30 28 23
1.0 10 13 16 19 20 22 23 24 26 27 30 33 37 50 67 83 94 97 93 81 70 58 48 43 40 37 34 33 32 31 29 24
1.5 6 8 10 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 24 27 33 42 56 71 84 93 89 75 59 49 44 40 37 35 33 31 29 24
2.0 3 5 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 23 27 32 41 53 74 88 91 74 59 49 43 40 37 34 32 30 25
2.5 1 2 4 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 16 18 20 23 26 32 45 64 84 89 72 58 48 43 40 34 33 30 26
3.0 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 21 26 35 55 81 87 73 59 50 44 37 34 31 26
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.30 * * * TC = 1.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.30
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 16 23 31 38 44 51 53 52 52 50 48 46 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.10 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8 13 20 27 35 46 51 53 52 51 50 47 45 44 42 42 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 11 17 24 31 43 50 52 52 51 50 47 45 44 42 42 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 14 21 28 40 48 52 52 52 50 48 46 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 7 12 18 31 42 49 52 52 51 49 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 10 15 28 39 47 51 52 51 49 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 9 19 31 41 47 50 51 50 48 46 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 14 25 36 44 49 51 50 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 36
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 13 23 33 44 49 50 47 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 39 37
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 13 25 38 48 50 47 44 43 42 41 40 40 39 37
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 13 20 25 29 31 34 37 41 43 43 43
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 18 24 28 31 33 36 41 43 43 43
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 16 22 27 30 32 35 40 43 43 43
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 13 20 25 29 31 34 39 42 43 43
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 14 20 25 29 31 37 41 43 43
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 14 20 26 29 34 39 43 43
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 15 21 26 32 37 43 43
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 14 20 29 34 42 43
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–25
5–26
Exhibit 5-IA: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type IA rainfall distribution—continued
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 5
TIME 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8 10.3 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 22.0
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.25 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 17 21 24 29 33 37 43 52 61 71 81 89 95 100 94 86 78 71 64 57 51 46 42 39 35 34 33 33 31 30 28 23
.10 16 19 23 27 29 31 35 41 48 57 66 76 85 96 99 92 84 76 69 60 54 47 43 40 36 34 34 33 31 30 28 23
.20 15 19 22 26 28 30 33 38 45 53 62 71 80 93 97 93 86 78 71 62 55 48 43 40 37 34 34 33 31 30 28 23
.30 14 17 20 24 25 27 29 32 36 42 49 58 67 84 95 96 91 84 76 66 58 50 44 41 38 35 34 33 31 30 28 23
.40 13 16 20 23 25 26 28 31 34 39 46 54 62 80 92 96 93 86 78 68 59 51 45 41 38 35 34 33 31 30 28 23
.50 12 15 18 21 23 24 25 27 29 33 37 43 50 67 83 93 95 91 84 73 63 54 46 42 39 36 34 33 32 30 28 23
.75 10 13 16 20 21 22 23 25 27 29 32 36 42 55 71 84 93 93 88 78 68 57 49 43 40 37 34 34 32 31 28 24
1.0 8 10 13 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 25 27 29 37 49 63 78 88 92 88 78 65 53 46 42 39 36 34 33 31 29 24
1.5 5 7 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 25 29 36 47 60 73 87 89 79 64 53 46 42 38 36 33 32 29 25
2.0 2 4 6 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 21 24 29 36 45 64 80 87 77 63 52 46 41 38 34 32 30 25
2.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 13 15 17 19 22 26 35 49 72 85 78 65 53 46 42 36 33 30 26
3.0 0 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 9 11 12 14 17 19 23 31 47 73 84 76 63 53 46 38 34 31 26
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.30 * * * TC = 1.25 HR * * * IA/P = 0.30
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 10 15 22 28 34 43 48 51 51 51 49 47 45 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 8 13 19 25 36 45 49 51 50 50 48 46 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 7 11 16 22 34 43 48 50 50 50 48 46 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 5 9 14 19 31 40 46 49 50 50 48 46 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8 12 17 28 38 45 49 50 50 49 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 6 10 14 25 36 43 48 50 50 49 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
Tabular Hydrograph Method
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 6 13 23 33 41 46 49 50 48 46 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 14 23 32 40 46 49 49 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 36
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 13 21 30 41 47 49 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 39 37
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 17 23 28 30 33 36 40 42 42 42
Technical Release 55
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 15 22 26 30 32 35 40 42 42 42
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 7 13 20 25 29 31 34 39 42 42 42
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 17 23 27 30 33 38 42 42 42
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 11 18 23 28 30 36 40 42 42
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 12 18 24 28 33 39 42 42
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 13 19 24 31 37 42 42
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 12 18 28 33 42 42
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 15 19 22 27 29 32 37 42 49 57 65 73 80 89 94 89 83 76 70 62 55 49 44 40 37 35 34 33 31 30 28 23
.10 14 17 20 24 26 28 31 35 40 46 53 61 69 82 90 92 87 81 74 65 58 51 45 41 38 35 34 33 31 30 28 23
.20 13 16 20 23 25 27 29 33 37 43 50 57 65 79 88 91 88 82 76 67 59 52 46 42 38 35 34 33 32 30 28 23
.30 12 15 18 22 23 24 26 28 31 35 41 47 54 69 81 89 90 86 81 71 63 54 47 43 39 36 34 34 32 30 28 24
.40 11 14 18 21 22 24 25 27 30 34 38 44 51 65 78 87 90 87 82 73 64 55 48 43 40 36 34 34 32 30 28 24
.50 10 13 16 19 20 22 23 24 26 29 32 36 41 54 69 81 88 89 86 77 68 58 50 44 41 37 35 34 32 31 29 24
.75 9 11 14 18 19 20 21 22 24 26 28 31 35 46 58 71 82 88 88 81 73 62 52 46 42 38 35 34 32 31 29 24
1.0 7 9 11 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 24 26 32 40 52 65 76 84 87 81 70 58 49 44 40 37 35 33 31 29 24
1.5 4 6 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 26 31 39 50 62 77 85 81 69 57 49 44 40 37 34 32 30 25
2.0 2 3 5 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 17 19 22 25 31 38 53 69 83 80 68 56 48 43 40 35 33 30 25
2.5 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 11 13 15 17 20 23 30 41 61 82 82 69 58 49 44 37 34 31 26
3.0 0 0 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 8 9 11 13 15 17 21 27 40 63 80 78 68 57 49 40 35 31 27
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.30 * * * TC = 1.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.30
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 6 10 14 19 24 34 41 46 48 49 48 47 46 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 35
.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 5 8 12 17 27 36 42 46 48 49 48 46 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 7 10 15 24 33 41 45 48 49 48 47 45 43 43 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 6 9 13 22 31 39 44 47 48 48 47 45 44 43 41 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 5 7 15 24 33 40 45 47 48 47 46 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 6 13 22 31 38 44 47 48 48 46 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 9 16 24 33 39 44 47 48 47 45 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 39 36
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 12 20 29 36 44 47 48 46 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 36
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 12 19 30 39 46 47 46 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 37
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8 17 28 40 46 47 45 44 42 41 40 40 40 37
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 11 17 23 27 30 33 36 40 42 42 42
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 17 22 27 30 32 36 40 41 41 41
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 16 22 26 29 32 35 40 41 41 41
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 17 23 27 30 33 38 41 41 41
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 12 18 23 27 30 36 40 41 41
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 12 18 24 28 33 39 41 41
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 13 19 24 31 36 41 41
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 13 19 28 34 41 41
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
5–27
Exhibit 5-IA: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type IA rainfall distribution—continued
5–28
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 7.3 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 9.0 9.4 9.8 10.3 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0 22.0
Chapter 5
(hr)7.0 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.0 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 15.0 18.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 2.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 12 15 18 22 24 26 28 32 36 41 46 52 58 68 76 80 84 79 76 68 62 55 48 44 40 37 35 34 32 31 28 24
.10 11 13 16 20 21 23 25 27 30 34 38 43 49 60 70 77 83 83 78 72 65 57 50 45 41 38 36 34 32 31 29 24
.20 9 12 15 18 19 21 22 24 26 29 32 36 41 52 63 72 78 82 81 75 68 60 52 46 42 39 36 35 32 31 29 24
.30 9 12 14 18 19 20 21 23 25 28 31 34 39 49 60 70 77 81 81 76 70 61 53 47 43 39 36 35 33 31 29 24
.40 9 11 14 17 18 19 21 22 24 26 29 33 37 47 57 67 75 80 81 77 71 62 53 47 43 39 37 35 33 31 29 24
.50 7 10 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 23 25 28 31 39 49 60 69 76 81 79 74 65 56 49 44 40 37 35 33 31 29 24
.75 6 9 11 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 23 25 27 34 42 52 62 70 76 79 76 68 59 51 46 41 38 36 33 31 29 24
1.0 5 6 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 25 30 38 47 57 66 76 79 75 64 55 49 44 40 37 34 32 29 25
1.5 3 4 6 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 21 24 30 37 45 59 71 78 73 63 55 48 43 40 35 33 30 25
2.0 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 10 12 14 16 19 22 26 36 48 65 77 73 64 56 49 44 37 34 31 26
2.5 0 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 18 23 31 46 66 76 72 63 55 48 40 35 31 27
3.0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 17 21 30 49 67 75 71 63 54 43 37 32 27
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.30 * * * TC = 2.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.30
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 5 7 10 13 20 27 34 39 42 44 47 45 45 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 39 36
.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 6 8 15 22 29 35 40 43 45 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 36
.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 17 24 31 36 41 44 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 36
.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 9 15 22 29 35 39 44 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 36
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 8 14 20 27 33 38 43 46 46 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 40 36
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 5 9 15 22 29 35 41 44 45 45 44 43 42 40 40 40 40 40 36
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 11 17 24 30 38 42 45 45 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 40 37
Tabular Hydrograph Method
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 9 14 21 30 38 43 45 44 44 43 41 40 40 40 40 37
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8 16 25 36 43 45 44 43 42 41 40 40 40 38
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 12 24 36 43 45 44 43 42 40 40 40 38
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 11 16 22 26 29 32 38 40 40 40
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 9 15 20 25 28 31 37 40 40 40
Technical Release 55
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 7 13 19 24 27 30 36 40 40 40
1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 14 20 24 28 34 39 40 40
1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 16 21 25 32 37 40 40
2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 11 16 21 29 35 40 40
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 11 17 26 32 40 40
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 11 21 29 39 40
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.1 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 24 34 53 334 647 1010 623 217 147 123 104 86 76 66 57 51 46 42 38 34 32 29 26 23 21 20 19 18 15 13 12 0
.10 21 29 43 134 267 520 847 701 378 224 157 122 98 75 64 56 50 45 41 36 33 30 27 24 21 20 19 18 16 13 12 0
.20 18 25 35 61 110 215 418 704 702 486 312 209 151 94 73 62 54 49 44 38 34 31 28 25 22 21 19 18 16 14 12 0
.30 17 23 33 56 92 174 337 582 662 545 389 269 190 109 79 65 56 50 45 39 35 32 29 25 22 21 20 18 16 14 12 0
.40 15 20 28 41 51 78 142 272 478 601 563 447 328 172 104 76 63 55 49 42 37 33 29 26 23 21 20 19 17 14 12 0
.50 14 19 26 39 47 68 117 220 392 531 553 482 380 209 121 84 67 57 51 43 38 33 30 27 23 21 20 19 17 14 12 0
.75 12 15 21 29 33 38 49 73 126 224 343 432 464 385 252 156 103 76 62 50 43 36 31 28 25 22 21 19 17 15 12 0
1.0 9 12 15 21 23 26 29 33 40 55 86 148 238 406 434 317 205 130 89 62 50 41 34 30 27 24 22 20 18 16 12 0
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 125 232 266 253 223 192 142 115 100 91 83 77 69 63 59 55 50 45 43 41 40 36 31 28 0
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 86 183 239 248 231 205 154 122 104 93 85 79 71 64 59 55 51 46 43 41 40 36 32 28 0
Technical Release 55
5–29
5–30
Exhibit 5-II: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type II rainfall distribution—continued
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.2 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 23 31 47 209 403 739 800 481 250 166 128 102 86 70 61 54 49 44 40 35 33 30 27 24 21 20 19 18 16 13 12 0
.10 19 26 39 86 168 325 601 733 565 355 229 161 122 83 69 59 53 47 43 37 34 31 28 25 22 21 19 18 16 14 12 0
.20 17 23 32 49 74 136 262 488 652 594 435 298 207 115 81 67 58 51 46 40 35 32 29 26 23 21 20 19 16 14 12 0
.30 16 22 30 46 64 112 212 396 566 585 485 360 258 139 90 71 60 53 48 41 36 32 29 26 23 21 20 19 16 14 12 0
.40 0 0 0 0 0 1 21 101 184 225 228 211 188 144 117 101 91 84 78 69 63 59 55 50 45 43 41 40 36 31 28 0
Technical Release 55
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.3 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 20 28 41 118 235 447 676 676 459 283 196 146 114 80 66 57 51 46 42 37 33 31 28 24 22 20 19 18 16 13 12 0
.10 19 26 39 99 189 361 571 641 520 362 251 181 136 89 70 60 53 48 43 37 34 31 28 25 22 21 19 18 16 14 12 0
.20 17 23 32 53 83 154 292 478 587 542 422 308 223 127 86 68 58 52 46 40 35 32 29 26 23 21 20 19 16 14 12 0
.30 16 22 30 49 72 127 237 398 524 536 460 359 268 151 97 73 61 53 48 41 36 32 29 26 23 21 20 19 16 14 12 0
.40 14 19 25 37 45 63 105 193 330 459 510 477 398 237 139 92 70 59 52 44 38 34 30 27 24 21 20 19 17 14 12 0
.50 13 18 24 35 42 56 89 158 272 397 472 475 424 274 163 104 76 62 54 46 39 34 30 27 24 22 20 19 17 15 12 0
.75 11 14 19 26 30 34 42 59 95 160 250 339 417 398 299 196 128 89 69 54 45 37 32 29 26 23 21 20 17 15 12 0
1.0 9 11 14 19 21 24 27 30 36 46 68 109 174 328 396 346 248 163 109 70 54 43 35 31 28 24 22 20 18 16 12 0
5–31
Exhibit 5-II: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type II rainfall distribution—continued
5–32
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.4 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 18 25 36 77 141 271 468 592 574 431 298 216 163 104 77 63 55 49 44 38 34 31 28 25 22 21 20 18 16 14 12 0
.10 18 24 34 67 116 219 385 523 557 473 357 263 196 119 84 67 57 51 46 39 35 32 29 25 22 21 20 19 16 14 12 0
.20 15 20 28 44 59 97 179 316 454 523 489 401 309 178 112 81 65 56 49 42 37 33 30 26 23 21 20 19 17 14 12 0
.30 15 20 27 41 53 82 147 260 389 478 486 429 349 210 129 89 69 58 51 43 38 33 30 27 24 21 20 19 17 14 12 0
.40 13 17 23 33 38 48 71 121 214 331 429 467 442 308 189 120 85 66 56 47 41 35 31 28 24 22 20 19 17 15 12 0
.50 12 16 22 31 36 44 62 102 176 279 379 438 440 339 218 137 94 71 59 49 42 35 31 28 25 22 21 19 17 15 12 0
.75 10 13 17 24 26 30 35 45 65 106 170 251 326 393 341 245 164 112 81 59 48 39 33 30 26 23 21 20 18 15 12 0
1.0 8 10 13 17 19 21 24 27 31 37 50 75 118 251 360 376 292 205 138 83 60 45 36 32 28 25 22 21 18 16 12 1
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 17 23 32 57 94 170 308 467 529 507 402 297 226 140 96 74 61 53 47 41 36 32 29 26 23 21 20 19 16 14 12 0
.10 16 22 30 51 80 140 252 395 484 499 434 343 265 162 108 80 65 55 49 42 36 33 29 26 23 21 20 19 16 14 12 0
.20 14 19 25 38 47 69 116 207 332 434 477 449 378 238 149 101 77 62 53 45 39 34 30 27 24 22 20 19 17 14 12 0
.30 13 18 24 35 43 60 97 170 278 382 446 448 401 270 171 114 83 66 56 46 40 34 31 27 24 22 20 19 17 15 12 0
.40 12 15 21 29 33 40 53 83 141 233 332 408 434 361 243 157 107 79 64 51 43 36 32 28 25 22 21 20 17 15 12 0
.50 11 15 20 28 31 37 48 71 118 194 286 367 412 378 271 178 119 86 68 53 44 37 32 29 25 23 21 20 17 15 12 0
.75 9 11 14 19 21 24 27 31 37 49 74 118 182 319 374 328 244 169 117 76 56 43 35 31 28 25 22 21 18 16 12 1
1.0 7 9 12 16 17 19 21 24 27 32 40 55 83 188 309 359 322 245 172 102 68 49 38 32 29 26 23 21 19 16 12 1
.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 13 47 116 211 298 354 328 245 172 127 100 83 69 59 51 45 41 37 33 31 29 26 23 19 0
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 34 89 170 255 341 303 225 161 120 96 76 64 54 47 42 38 34 31 30 27 24 19 0
.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 14 41 89 152 270 305 268 207 155 118 87 70 57 48 44 39 35 32 30 27 24 19 0
Tabular Hydrograph Method
5–33
Exhibit 5-II: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type II rainfall distribution—continued
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
5–34
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 11 15 20 29 35 47 72 112 168 231 289 329 357 313 239 175 133 103 83 63 50 40 33 29 26 23 21 20 17 15 12 0
.10 10 13 17 24 27 33 42 62 95 144 202 260 306 340 293 222 165 126 98 72 56 43 35 30 27 24 22 20 18 15 12 0
.20 10 13 17 23 26 30 38 54 82 123 176 232 281 332 303 238 179 136 105 76 59 45 35 30 27 24 22 20 18 16 12 1
.30 9 12 16 22 24 28 35 48 70 105 152 205 256 323 310 254 193 146 113 81 61 46 36 31 27 24 22 20 18 16 12 1
0.0 0 0 0 0 1 4 16 42 83 137 195 243 271 292 227 178 143 117 98 79 66 55 47 42 38 34 31 30 27 23 19 0
.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12 32 66 113 168 218 279 260 213 169 136 113 88 72 59 49 43 39 35 32 30 27 24 19 1
.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 24 52 93 143 193 271 271 225 180 145 119 92 75 60 50 44 39 35 32 30 27 24 19 1
.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 18 41 75 120 169 246 264 234 191 153 125 96 78 62 51 44 40 36 33 31 27 24 19 1
5–35
Exhibit 5-II: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type II rainfall distribution —continued
5–36
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.25 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 10 13 18 25 29 38 54 81 118 163 213 256 284 311 266 212 163 129 104 78 61 47 37 31 27 24 22 20 18 16 12 1
.10 10 13 17 23 27 34 47 69 102 143 189 234 267 297 274 226 175 138 111 82 64 48 38 31 27 24 22 20 18 16 12 1
.20 9 11 15 20 22 26 31 42 60 88 124 168 212 280 292 261 212 166 131 95 72 53 40 33 28 25 23 21 18 16 12 1
.30 8 11 14 19 21 24 29 38 53 76 108 148 190 263 288 268 224 177 140 101 76 55 41 34 29 25 23 21 18 16 12 2
.40 8 10 13 18 20 23 27 34 46 66 94 130 170 245 282 273 235 188 149 107 80 58 42 34 29 26 23 21 19 16 12 2
.50 7 9 12 16 17 19 22 25 31 41 58 82 114 190 256 279 262 222 178 127 93 65 46 36 31 27 24 22 19 17 13 2
.75 6 8 10 14 15 17 19 21 25 31 41 56 78 139 207 254 265 245 208 152 110 75 51 39 32 28 25 22 19 17 13 3
1.0 5 6 8 10 11 13 14 15 17 19 22 26 33 60 109 173 230 261 255 208 153 100 64 46 36 30 26 24 20 18 13 5
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 9 11 15 21 25 31 41 58 82 112 147 184 216 255 275 236 198 159 129 98 76 57 43 35 30 25 23 21 18 16 12 1
.10 8 10 13 18 20 23 28 37 51 72 98 131 166 226 265 254 226 187 151 113 86 63 46 37 31 26 23 21 19 16 13 2
.20 8 10 13 17 19 22 26 33 45 63 87 116 149 212 259 259 233 197 160 119 90 66 48 38 32 27 24 22 19 16 13 2
.30 7 9 12 16 18 21 24 30 40 55 76 103 134 197 244 255 238 206 169 125 95 68 49 38 32 27 24 22 19 17 13 2
5–37
5–38
Exhibit 5-II: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type II rainfall distribution—continued Chapter 5
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 2.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 7 9 12 16 18 21 27 36 49 64 82 104 127 171 201 226 208 193 171 132 105 79 58 45 36 30 26 23 20 17 13 3
.10 6 8 10 14 15 17 20 25 33 43 57 74 94 139 179 204 218 205 188 150 118 88 63 48 38 32 27 24 20 17 13 4
.20 6 8 10 13 14 16 19 23 29 39 51 66 84 128 169 198 213 207 192 157 123 91 65 49 39 33 28 24 20 17 13 4
.30 6 7 9 12 14 15 18 21 27 35 45 59 76 117 159 191 211 208 196 163 128 95 68 51 40 33 28 25 20 18 13 4
2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 27 65 95 102 95 83 73 58 49 38 28
3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 32 68 95 101 93 82 64 52 40 28
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
RAINFALL TYPE = II * * * TC = 2.0 HR * * * SHEET 10 OF 10
Exhibit 5-III: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type III rainfall distribution
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.1 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 29 38 57 172 241 425 662 531 345 265 191 130 101 83 68 62 58 54 50 44 41 37 32 27 23 21 19 16 14 13 11 0
.10 26 32 47 98 147 210 353 559 540 410 313 231 164 101 80 67 61 57 53 47 43 39 34 28 24 22 19 17 14 13 11 0
.20 25 31 44 86 127 182 296 471 517 446 357 273 200 117 86 70 63 58 54 48 44 39 34 29 24 22 20 17 14 13 11 0
.30 22 28 37 57 76 110 158 250 398 477 457 390 312 178 111 83 69 62 57 51 45 41 36 31 25 23 20 18 15 13 11 0
.40 21 27 35 53 68 96 137 213 336 430 448 410 345 210 128 90 72 64 58 52 46 41 36 31 26 23 20 18 15 13 11 0
.50 19 24 30 43 49 62 85 120 182 284 382 426 415 305 188 120 86 71 63 55 49 43 38 33 27 24 21 19 15 14 11 0
.75 17 22 27 37 41 49 62 84 120 181 258 327 375 353 264 177 120 88 72 59 52 45 39 34 29 25 22 20 15 14 11 0
1.0 13 17 22 27 30 33 37 43 52 66 91 131 190 315 358 307 220 149 104 72 60 50 43 37 32 27 23 21 16 14 12 0
5–39
Exhibit 5-III: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type III rainfall distribution—continued
5–40
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.2 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 27 34 50 119 176 258 448 565 483 358 270 194 137 93 75 65 60 56 52 46 42 38 33 28 24 21 19 17 14 13 11 0
.10 24 30 42 70 103 151 222 372 501 489 402 314 234 128 91 73 64 59 55 49 44 40 35 30 25 22 20 17 15 13 11 0
.20 23 29 39 64 90 131 192 312 438 472 425 351 273 153 101 78 66 61 56 50 45 40 35 30 25 22 20 18 15 13 11 0
.30 21 26 33 48 59 79 114 166 263 380 441 431 378 238 141 96 75 65 60 53 47 42 37 32 26 23 21 18 15 13 11 0
.40 20 25 32 45 54 71 99 144 224 328 404 422 392 271 165 108 81 68 61 54 48 43 37 32 27 23 21 19 15 14 11 0
.50 18 22 28 38 43 51 64 88 125 191 282 363 402 356 241 151 102 78 66 57 51 44 39 34 28 24 22 19 15 14 11 0
.75 15 18 23 30 33 37 42 50 64 87 125 184 253 359 341 260 177 121 89 67 57 48 42 36 31 26 23 21 16 14 12 0
1.0 12 16 20 25 28 30 33 37 43 53 68 94 135 251 345 330 260 181 125 81 63 52 44 38 33 28 24 21 17 14 12 0
.40 0 0 0 1 4 15 40 103 209 307 360 365 336 234 157 116 95 85 79 72 65 59 53 46 39 34 31 28 23 21 17 0
.50 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 30 78 165 260 327 352 305 213 147 111 93 84 75 68 61 55 48 41 35 32 29 23 21 18 0
.75 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 14 37 83 150 220 276 311 264 196 144 112 94 80 72 64 56 50 43 37 33 30 24 21 18 0
Tabular Hydrograph Method
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.3 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 25 31 44 84 124 181 287 441 498 451 358 276 204 118 87 70 63 58 54 48 44 39 34 29 24 22 20 17 14 13 11 0
.10 22 28 37 56 74 108 156 244 375 457 453 389 314 180 113 83 69 62 57 51 46 41 36 31 26 23 20 18 15 13 11 0
.20 21 27 35 53 67 94 136 208 319 411 439 406 345 212 130 91 73 64 59 52 46 42 36 31 26 23 21 18 15 13 11 0
.30 19 24 30 42 49 61 83 118 178 272 365 414 409 305 190 121 87 71 63 55 49 43 38 33 27 24 21 19 15 14 11 0
.40 18 23 29 40 46 56 74 103 153 232 321 383 400 329 217 138 96 75 65 57 50 44 38 33 28 24 21 19 15 14 11 0
.50 16 21 26 34 38 43 52 67 91 132 199 280 349 383 297 196 128 91 73 60 53 46 40 35 30 25 22 20 16 14 11 0
.75 14 18 23 30 33 37 43 52 66 91 131 187 251 347 331 260 182 126 92 68 57 49 42 36 31 26 23 21 16 14 12 0
1.0 11 15 18 23 25 28 30 33 38 44 54 71 98 192 296 334 294 221 154 94 69 55 45 40 34 29 25 22 17 15 12 0
.40 0 0 0 0 1 6 19 50 116 208 290 338 346 282 195 138 107 91 83 74 67 60 54 47 40 35 32 28 23 21 18 0
.50 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 14 38 90 168 250 308 333 256 180 131 103 89 78 71 63 56 49 42 36 33 29 23 21 18 0
Tabular Hydrograph Method
5–41
Exhibit 5-III: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type III rainfall distribution—continued
5–42
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.4 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 23 29 39 65 91 132 198 308 422 449 417 345 274 162 108 82 68 61 57 50 45 41 35 30 25 22 20 18 15 13 11 0
.10 20 26 33 48 60 80 114 170 262 368 422 418 370 242 149 102 79 67 60 53 47 42 37 32 27 23 21 18 15 13 11 0
.20 20 25 32 45 55 72 100 147 224 320 388 408 383 272 171 114 85 70 62 54 48 43 37 32 27 23 21 19 15 14 11 0
.30 17 22 28 38 43 51 65 88 127 191 277 351 389 349 244 157 108 81 68 58 51 45 39 34 29 24 22 19 15 14 11 0
.40 17 21 27 36 41 47 59 79 111 165 240 314 378 359 268 178 120 88 72 60 52 45 40 34 29 25 22 20 15 14 11 0
.50 15 19 24 31 34 38 44 54 71 98 142 207 278 364 332 243 163 113 84 65 56 48 41 36 31 26 23 20 16 14 12 0
.75 12 16 20 25 27 30 33 38 44 54 70 97 138 249 333 320 257 185 131 85 65 53 44 39 33 28 24 22 17 14 12 0
1.0 11 13 17 22 23 25 28 30 34 38 46 57 75 145 245 322 311 255 188 114 77 58 47 41 35 30 26 23 18 15 12 1
0.0 0 0 0 2 10 30 78 177 306 379 379 347 293 187 133 105 90 82 77 69 63 58 51 44 38 34 30 27 23 21 17 0
.10 0 0 0 2 7 22 59 138 250 336 365 353 313 212 146 112 94 84 78 71 64 59 52 45 38 34 31 27 23 21 17 0
.20 0 0 0 1 5 17 45 107 202 292 341 349 325 235 162 121 98 87 80 72 65 59 53 46 39 34 31 28 23 21 17 0
.30 0 0 0 0 1 4 12 34 83 162 249 310 336 298 215 152 116 96 85 76 68 61 55 48 41 36 32 29 23 21 18 0
.40 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 26 64 130 209 276 324 307 234 168 125 101 88 77 70 62 55 49 41 36 32 29 23 21 18 0
.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 19 49 103 173 242 313 285 216 157 119 98 82 73 65 57 51 44 37 33 30 24 22 18 0
Tabular Hydrograph Method
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 21 27 35 54 70 97 144 217 316 397 411 388 330 214 139 99 78 67 60 52 47 42 36 31 26 23 21 18 15 13 11 0
.10 19 24 30 43 50 64 86 125 186 273 355 392 390 296 194 129 94 75 65 56 49 43 38 33 28 24 21 19 15 14 11 0
.20 18 23 29 40 47 58 77 109 161 235 315 367 382 318 218 145 103 80 68 57 50 44 39 33 28 24 22 19 15 14 11 0
.30 16 21 26 34 38 44 53 69 95 139 203 278 337 367 289 199 135 98 77 62 54 46 40 35 30 25 22 20 16 14 11 0
.40 16 20 25 33 36 41 49 62 84 121 176 244 306 358 306 220 151 107 83 64 55 47 41 35 30 25 23 20 16 14 12 0
.50 14 18 22 28 31 35 39 46 57 75 106 152 213 323 346 282 202 140 102 73 59 50 42 37 32 27 23 21 16 14 12 0
.75 12 16 20 25 28 30 34 38 45 56 75 104 145 246 319 308 252 187 135 89 67 53 44 39 33 28 24 22 17 14 12 0
1.0 10 12 16 20 22 23 25 28 31 34 39 47 60 110 197 280 309 279 220 138 90 63 49 42 37 31 26 23 18 15 12 1
5–43
Exhibit 5-III: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type III rainfall distribution—continued
5–44
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 0.75 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 17 22 28 39 45 56 73 104 151 215 281 328 343 310 228 163 121 94 77 63 53 45 39 34 29 25 22 20 15 14 11 0
.10 17 21 27 37 42 51 66 91 131 187 250 302 336 319 247 179 131 101 82 65 55 46 40 35 29 25 22 20 16 14 11 0
.20 15 19 24 31 35 40 48 60 81 114 163 221 275 328 298 229 167 124 96 73 60 49 42 36 31 26 23 20 16 14 12 0
.30 14 18 23 30 33 38 44 55 72 100 142 194 248 320 305 245 182 135 103 76 62 50 42 37 31 27 23 21 16 14 12 0
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 15 19 24 32 37 44 54 71 98 136 181 227 264 297 270 215 164 128 103 78 64 52 43 36 31 26 23 21 16 14 12 0
.10 13 17 22 28 31 35 41 49 64 87 120 161 205 273 289 254 201 155 122 90 71 56 45 38 33 28 24 21 17 14 12 0
.20 13 16 21 27 29 33 38 46 58 77 105 142 184 257 285 263 214 167 130 95 74 57 46 39 33 28 24 22 17 14 12 0
.30 12 16 20 26 28 31 36 42 53 69 93 126 165 240 279 268 225 178 139 100 77 59 47 39 34 29 25 22 17 15 12 1
5–45
Exhibit 5-III: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type III rainfall distribution—continued
5–46
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.25 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 13 17 22 28 32 37 44 56 75 100 133 170 206 255 264 236 194 155 125 95 75 59 47 39 33 28 24 22 17 14 12 1
.10 13 16 21 27 30 34 41 51 67 89 118 152 188 243 261 243 204 164 133 100 79 61 48 40 34 29 25 22 17 15 12 1
.20 11 15 18 24 26 29 33 38 47 60 79 105 137 203 248 256 232 193 156 115 88 67 51 42 35 30 26 23 18 15 12 1
.30 11 14 18 23 25 27 31 36 43 54 71 94 122 187 237 254 238 203 165 121 92 69 53 43 36 30 26 23 18 15 12 1
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 1.5 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 12 15 19 25 27 31 37 45 57 75 97 122 151 203 231 238 213 182 150 115 91 70 54 44 37 30 26 23 18 15 12 1
.10 10 13 17 21 23 26 29 34 41 52 67 87 111 165 210 233 227 205 173 131 102 77 58 46 39 32 27 24 19 15 12 1
.20 10 13 16 21 23 25 28 32 38 47 61 78 100 152 199 228 231 210 181 138 107 80 59 47 39 33 28 24 19 15 12 2
.30 9 12 15 20 22 24 27 30 36 44 55 70 90 139 188 221 228 215 188 145 112 83 61 48 40 33 28 24 19 15 12 2
5–47
Exhibit 5-III: Tabular hydrograph unit discharges (csm/in) for type III rainfall distribution—continued
5–48
TRVL----------------------------------------------------------HYDR0GRAPH TIME(H0URS)------------------------------------------------------
TIME 11.3 11.9 l2.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 20.0 26.0
Chapter 5
(hr)11.0 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.2 13.6 14.0 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0 22.0
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
IA/P = 0.10 * * * TC = 2.0 HR * * * IA/P = 0.10
---- + --- + -- + - + - + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + -- + --- + -- + -- + -- + -- + - + -- +
0.0 9 11 15 19 21 23 27 31 39 48 60 75 91 129 164 187 200 191 178 147 119 92 69 55 45 37 31 26 20 16 13 3
.10 8 10 13 17 18 20 22 25 29 36 44 55 68 101 139 170 189 197 188 163 132 101 75 59 47 39 33 28 21 17 13 3
.20 7 10 13 16 18 19 21 24 28 33 40 50 62 93 129 162 185 195 190 168 137 104 77 60 48 40 33 28 21 17 13 4
.30 7 9 12 15 17 18 20 23 26 31 37 46 56 85 120 154 179 193 191 172 142 108 80 62 49 41 34 29 21 17 13 4
As rural areas become urbanized, the resulting in- Figure 6-1 relates two ratios: peal outflow to peak
creases in peak discharges can adversely affect down- inflow discharge (qo/qi) and storage volume runoff
stream flood plains. Increasingly, planners, develop- volume (Vs/Vr) for all rainfall distributions.
ers, and the public want these downstream areas to be
protected. Many local governments are adopting The relationships in figure 6-1 were determined on the
ordinances to control the type of development and its basis of single stage outflow devices. Some were
allowable impacts on the watershed. One of the most controlled by pipe flow, others by weir flow. Verifica-
common controls requires that post development tion runs were made using multiple stage outflow
discharges do not exceed present-condition discharges devices, and the variance was similar to that in the
for one or more storm frequencies at specified points base data. The method can therefore be used for both
along a channel. single- and multiple-stage outflow devices. The only
constraints are that (1) each stage requires a design
This chapter discusses ways to manage peak dis- storm and a computation of the storage required for it
charges by delaying runoff. It also presents a proce- and (2) the discharge if the upper stage(s) includes the
dure for estimating the storage capacity required to discharge of the lower stage(s).
maintain the peaks within a specified level.
The brevity of the procedure allows the planner to
Efforts to reduce the effects of increased runoff from examine many combinations of detention basins.
urban areas have been innovative and diverse. Many When combined with the Tabular Hydrograph method,
methods have been used effectively, such as infiltra- the procedure’s usefulness is increased. Its principal;
tion trenches, porous pavement, rooftop storage, and use is to develop preliminary indications of storage
cisterns. But these solutions can be expensive or adequacy and to allocate control to a group of deten-
require site conditions that cannot be provided. tion basins. It is adequate, however, for final design of
small detention basins.
The detention basin is the most widely used measure
for controlling peak discharge. It is generally the least
expensive and most reliable of the measures that have
been considered. It can be designed to fit a wide
variety of sites and can accommodate multiple outlet
spillways to meet requirements for multifrequency
control of outflow. Measures other than a detention
basin may be preferred in some locations; their omis-
sion here is not intended to discourage their use. Any
device selected, however, should be assessed as to its
function, maintenance needs, and impart.
Figure 6-1 Approximate detention basin routing for rainfall types I, IA, II, and III
.6
.5
Storage volume Vs
Runoff volume Vr
.4
Typ
e s II
and
III
.3
Typ
e sI
and
.2 IA
.1
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8
Peak outflow discharge qo
( )
Peak inflow discharge qi
3. Compute qo/qi and determine Vs/Vr from figure 6-1. 6. Proportion the outflow device so that the stage at
4. Q (in inches) was determined when computing qi in qo is equal to the stage corresponding to Vs. If qo
step 2, but now it must be converted to the units in cannot be calibrated except in discrete steps (i.e.,
which Vs is to be expressed—most likely, acre-feet pipe sizes), repeat the procedure until the stages
or cubic feet. The most common conversion of Q to for qo and Vs are approximately equal.
Vr is expressed in acre-feet:
Limitations
Vr = 53.33Q(Am) [eq. 6-1]
where • This routing method is less accurate as the qo/qi
Vr = runoff volume (acre-ft) ratio approaches the limits shown in figure 6-1. The
Q = runoff (in) curves in figure 6-1 depend on the relationship
Am = drainage area (mi2), and between available storage, outflow device, inflow
53.33 = conversion factor from in-mi2 volume, and shape of the inflow hydrograph. When
to acre-ft. storage volume (Vs) required is small, the shape of
5. Use the results of steps 3 to 4 to compute Vs: the outflow hydrograph is sensitive to the rate of
the inflow hydrograph. Conversely, when Vs is
large, the inflow hydrograph shape has little effect
V
Vs =Vr s [eq. 6-2]
on the outflow hydrograph. In such instances, the
V r outflow hydrograph is controlled by the hydraulics
of the outflow device and the procedure therefore
where yields consistent results. When the peak outflow
Vs = storage volume required (acre-ft). discharge (qo) approaches the peak flow discharge
(qi) parameters that affect the rate of rise of a
6. The stage in the detention basin corresponding to hydrograph, such as rainfall volume, curve number,
Vs must be equal to the stage used to generate qo. and time of concentration, become especially
In most situations a minor modification of the significant.
outflow device can be made. If the device has been • The procedure should not be used to perform final
preselected. repeat the calculations with a modi- design if an error in storage of 25 percent cannot
fied qo value. be tolerated. Figure 6-1 is biased to prevent
undersizing of outflow devices, but it may signifi-
Estimating qo cantly overestimate the required storage capacity.
Use worksheet 6b to estimate qo, required peak out- More detailed hydrograph development and rout-
flow discharge, by the following procedure. ing will often pay for itself through reduced con-
struction costs.
1. Determine Vs. If the maximum stage in the deten-
tion basin is constrained, set Vs by the maximum
Examples
permissible stage.
2. Compute Q (in inches) by the procedures in chap- Four examples illustrate the use of figure 6-1. Ex-
ter 2, and convert it to the same units as Vs (see amples 6-1 through 6-4, respectively, show estimation
step 4 in “estimating Vs”). of Vs of a two-stage structure, estimation of qo, and use
3. Compute Vs/Vr and determine qo/qi from figure 6-1. the Tabular Hydrograph method.
4. Estimate qi by the procedures in chapters 4 or 5.
Do not use discharges developed by any other
Example 6-1: Estimating Vs single-stage
method. When using Tabular method to estimate qi
structure
for a subarea, use only the peak discharge associ-
ated with Tt = 0. A development is being planned in a 75-acre (0.1170
5. From steps 3 to 4, compute qo: mi2) watershed that outlets into an existing concrete-
q lined channel designed for present conditions. If the
Qo = qi o
qi channel capacity is exceeded, damages will be sub-
stantial. The watershed is in the type II storm distribu-
tion region. The present channel capacity, 180 ft3/s, Since qo is known to be 180 ft3/s, solving equation
was established by computing discharge for the 25- 6-4 for Lw yields
year-frequency storm by the Graphical Peak Discharge
method (chapter 4). qo
Lw =
1.5
3.2 H w
The developed-condition peak discharge (qi) com-
180
puted by the same method is 360 ft3/s, and runoff (Q) = [eq. 6-5]
3.2(5.7 )
1.5
is 3.4 inches. Since outflow must be held to 180 ft3/s, a
detention basin having that maximum outflow dis- = 4.1 ft
charge (qo) will be built at the watershed outlet.
where
qo = peak outflow discharge (ft3/s)
Lw = weir crest length (ft)
Hw = head over weir crest (ft)
Worksheet 6a: Detention basin storage, peak outflow discharge (qo) known
Project By Date
Robbinsville SWR 11/5/85
Location Checked Date
Dyer County, Tennessee RGC 11/8/85
104
Elevation or
102
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Detention basin storage ( acre-feet )
1. Data:
0.117
Drainage area .............. Am = _________ mi2 Vs ..............................
6. ___ 0.28
Rainfall distribution II Vr
type ( I, IA, II, III) = __________
qo with figure 6-1)
( Use ___
qi
1st 2nd 3.4
Stage Stage 7. Runoff, Q ................. in
( From worksheet 2)
2. Frequency .................. yr 25 8. Runoff volume
................... ac-ft 21.2
3. Peak inflow (Vr = QAm 53.33)
discharge qi ............. ft3/s 360 9. Storage volume,
(from worksheet 4 or 5b) Vs ......................... ac-ft 5.9
1
4. Peak outflow Vs ))
(Vs = Vs ( ___
discharge qu ........ ft3/s 180 r
Example 6-2 Estimating Vs, Two-stage By substituting these values in equation 6-4, discharge
structure (qo) through the first stage at 105.7 feet is calculated:
q o = 3.2(2.3)(5.7 )
1.5
In addition to the requirements for a 25-year peak
outflow discharge of 180 ft3/s stated in example 6-1, a = 100 ft 3 / s
decision was made to limit the 2-year outflow dis-
charge to 50 ft3/s because of potential damages to Now compute the required weir crest length (Lw) for
agricultural property below the lined channel. by the the second stage, using equation 6-5. Since the second
method in chapter 4, the estimated 2-year peak dis- stage crest elevation is 103.6 feet,
charge for developed conditions will be 91 ft3/s and H w = 105.7 − 103.6
runoff (Q) will be 1.5 inches.
= 2.1 ft
Again, a rectangular concrete weir outlaw device was and, since qo for the second stage equals the total
selected; the device could have been another type, but discharge from example 6-1 minus discharge through
it is important to remember that the flows through the the first stage,
first stage are part of the total discharge of the higher q o = 180 − 100
stage. = 80 ft 3 / s
Finally, substituting these Hw and qo values in equation
Figure 6-3 shows how worksheet 6a is used to com- 6-5 results in
pute the Vs of 2.4 acre-ft and Emax of 103.6 for the
80
stage. Emax of 103.6 is the weir crest elevation for the Lw =
3.2(2.1)
1.5
second stage.
= 8.2 ft
Equation 6-5 is again used to compute Lw for the first
stage. The weir crest elevation for the first stage is In summary, the outlet structure is a two-stage rectan-
100.00 ft and qo = 50 ft3/s. The first-stage computations gular weir with first stage crest length of 2.3 feet at
for Hw and Lw are elevation 100.0, and second stage crest length of 8.2
feet at elevation 103.6 feet.
Hw = Emax - weir crest elevation
= 103.6 - 100.0 = 3.6 ft; The weir equation used is probably less accurate for
the two-stage example than for the single-stage ex-
and, from equation 6-5, ample. The actual second-stage discharge will be
50 slightly more that the one computed. but a discussion
Lw = of hydraulics of outflow devices is outside the scope
3.2( 3.6 )
1.5
of this technical release. Example 6-2 is presented only
= 2.3 ft to illustrate the interrelationship of outflow discharges
and storage volume and to show how to develop
The second stage is then proportioned to discharge the preliminary estimates of storage requirements for two-
correct amount at 105.7 feet (fig. 6-2, step 10). Com- stage outlet structures.
pute the discharge through the first stage for elevation
105.7 feet using
Worksheet 6a: Detention basin storage, peak outflow discharge (qo) known
Project By Date
Robbinsville SWR 11/5/85
Location Checked Date
Dyer County, Tennessee RGC 11/8/85
104
Elevation or
102
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Detention basin storage ( acre-feet )
1. Data:
0.117
Drainage area .............. Am = _________ mi2 Vs ..............................
6. ___ 0.26 0.28
Rainfall distribution II Vr
type ( I, IA, II, III) = __________
qo with figure 6-1)
( Use ___
qi
1st 2nd 1.5 3.4
Stage Stage 7. Runoff, Q ................. in
( From worksheet 2)
2. Frequency .................. yr 2 25 8. Runoff volume 9.4 21.2
................... ac-ft
3. Peak inflow (Vr = QAm 53.33)
discharge qi ........... ft3/s 91 360 9. Storage volume,
(from worksheet 4 or 5b) Vs ......................... ac-ft 2.4 5.9
1
4. Peak outflow Vs_ ))
(Vs = Vs ( __
discharge qu ........ ft3/s 50 180 r
1. Data:
0.0156 mi2
Drainage area .............. Am = _________ Vs ...............
6. Compute ___ 0.18
Rainfall distribution II Vr
type ( I, IA, II, III) = __________
qo ......................... in
7. ___ 0.78
1st 2nd qi
Stage Stage
Vs
( Use ___ with figure 6-1)
2. Frequency .................. yr Vr
100
8. Peak inflow discharge 42
3. Storage volume qi ........................... in
Vs ....................... ac-ft 0.8 ( From worksheet 4 or 5b)
1
9. Peak outflow discharge
4. Runoff, Q .............. in
qo ......................... ft3/s 33
(from worksheet 2)
5.4
qo ))
(qo = qi ( ___
qi
Example 6-4 Estimating VS, From exhibit 5-II, the largest qt value is 357 csm/in
Tabular Hydrograph method (exhibit 5-II, sheet 7: Tc = 1.0 hr, Tt = 0, and Ia/P = 0.10
at 12.8 hr). From figure 5-4, AmQ for subarea 6 is 1.31.
This example builds on examples 5-1 and 5-2. If peak Therefore,
outflow discharge from subarea 7 must not exceed the
discharge for present conditions, what will be the q = (357) (1.31) = 468 ft3/s
storage volume (Vs) required in a detention basin at
the outlet of subarea 6? This q value is, of course, the same as the peak inflow
discharge (qi) into the detention basin.
First, compute the outflow hydrograph without sub-
area 6 as shown in the table below, which presents Finally, use worksheet 6a (fig. 6-5) to compute Vs as
developed-condition discharges for example 5-2. (The 33.2 acre-feet.
information in the table is from figure 5-4.)
The required storage volume of 33.2 acre-feet is the
Discharge (ft3/s) at time (hr) basis for determining the required stage in the deten-
tion basin. This stage is a guide proportioning a spill-
Sub area 13.0 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.3 14.6 15.0
way that will discharge 82 ft3/s or lass at that storage.
--------------------------- ft3/s ----------------------------
The timing or routing effect is not considered because
1 7 9 11 16 24 40 78 122 155
the outflow hydrograph will discharge at near qo for a
2 7 9 12 20 33 55 96 132 132
significant period.
3 14 29 58 89 106 102 74 46 25
4 19 32 63 114 169 207 193 143 83
5 117 167 205 214 202 175 132 99 70
6 omitted — — — — — — —
7 244 167 119 90 72 59 48 40 34
Total without 408 413 468 543 606 638 621 582 499
subarea 6
Worksheet 6a: Detention basin storage, peak outflow discharge (qo) known
Project By Date
Fallswood SWR 11/8/85
Location Checked Date
Dyer county, Tennessee RGC 11/11/85
1. Data:
0.040 mi2
Drainage area .............. Am = _________ Vs .............................. 0.475
6. ___
Rainfall distribution II Vr
type ( I, IA, II, III) = __________
qo with figure 6-1)
( Use ___
qi
1st 2nd 3.28
Stage Stage 7. Runoff, Q ................. in
( From worksheet 2)
2. Frequency .................. yr 25 8. Runoff volume
................... ac-ft
69.9
3. Peak inflow (Vr = QAm 53.33)
discharge qi ........... ft3/s 468
9. Storage volume,
(from worksheet 4 or 5b) Vs ......................... ac-ft 33.2
1
4. Peak outflow Vs ))
(Vs = Vs ( ___
discharge qu ......... ft3/s 82 r
Group A soils have low runoff potential and high infil- Drainage and group D soils
tration rates even when thoroughly wetted. They consist
chiefly of deep, well to excessively drained sand or Some soils in the list are in group D because of a high
gravel and have a high rate of water transmission water table that creates a drainage problem. Once these
(greater than 0.30 in/hr). soils are effectively drained, they are placed in a differ-
ent group. For example, Ackerman soil is classified as
Group B soils have moderate infiltration rates when A/D. This indicates that the drained Ackerman soil is in
thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of moderately group A and the undrained soil is in group D.
deep to deep, moderately well to well drained soils with
moderately fine to moderately coarse textures. These
soils have a moderate rate of water transmission (0.15-
0.30 in/hr).
ZIEGLER ........................................ C
ZIGGY ............................................ B
ZILABOY ........................................ D
ZILLAH ....................................... C/D
ZILWAUKEE .................................. D
ZIMMER ......................................... D
ZIMWALA ....................................... C
ZING ............................................... C
ZIPPEL ....................................... B/D
ZIRAM ............................................ D
ZITA ................................................ B
ZITTAU ........................................... C
ZITZIANA ....................................... B
ZOAR .............................................. C
ZOATE ............................................ D
ZODA .............................................. C
ZOE ................................................ D
ZOLFO ............................................ C
ZOMAX ........................................... B
ZONO ............................................. A
ZORRA ........................................... D
ZOZOBRA ...................................... B
ZUBER ........................................... C
ZUFELT .......................................... C
ZULCH ............................................ D
ZUMAN. Protected .................... C/D
ZUMAN ........................................... D
ZUMBRO ........................................ A
ZUMMO .......................................... D
ZUNALEI ........................................ B
ZUNDELL ....................................... C
ZUNHALL ....................................... C
ZUNI, Gravelly ............................... C
ZUNI ............................................... D
ZUNIVEN ........................................ B
ZUNKER ......................................... B
ZWAGG .......................................... B
ZWICKER ....................................... C
ZWIEFEL ........................................ C
ZWINGLE ....................................... D
ZYMER ........................................... B
ZYNBAR ......................................... B
ZYNBAR Till Substratum .............. C
ZYPLAR ......................................... D
ZYZYL ............................................ B
ZYZZI .............................................. D
ZYZZUG ......................................... D
The highest peak discharges from small watersheds in Figure B-1 SCS 24-hour rainfall distributions
the United States are usually caused by intense, brief
rainfalls that may occur as distinct events or as part of 1.0
a longer storm. These intense rainstorms do not usu-
ally extended over a large area and intensities vary
greatly. One common practice in rainfall-runoff analy-
III
sis is to develop a synthetic rainfall distribution to use
24-hour rainfall
in lieu of actual storm events. This distribution in-
Fraction of
cludes maximum rainfall intensities for the selected IA
design frequency arranged in a sequence that is critical 0.5
for producing peak runoff.
I
Synthetic rainfall distributions
II
The length of the most intense rainfall period contrib-
uting to the peak runoff rate is related to the time of 0.0
concentration (Tc) for the watershed. In a hydrograph 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
created with NRCS procedures, the duration of rainfall Time (hours)
that directly contributes to the peak is about 170
percent of the Tc. For example, the most intense 8.5-
minute rainfall period would contribute to the peak
The intensity of rainfall varies considerably during a
discharge for a watershed with a Tc of 5 minutes. The
storm as well as geographic regions. To represent
most intense 8.5-hour period would contribute to the
various regions of the United States, NRCS developed
peak for a watershed with a 5-hour Tc.
four synthetic 24-hour rainfall distributions (I, IA, II,
and III) from available National Weather Service
Different rainfall distributions can be developed for
(NWS) duration-frequency data (Hershfield 1061;
each of these watersheds to emphasize the critical
Frederick et al., 1977) or local storm data. Type IA is
rainfall duration for the peak discharges. However, to
the least intense and type II the most intense short
avoid the use of a different set of rainfall intensities for
duration rainfall. The four distributions are shown in
each drainage area size, a set of synthetic rainfall
figure B-1, and figure B-2 shows their approximate
distributions having “nested” rainfall intensities was
geographic boundaries.
developed. The set “maximizes” the rainfall intensities
by incorporating selected short duration intensities
Types I and IA represent the Pacific maritime climate
within those needed for longer durations at the same
with wet winters and dry summers. Type III represents
probability level.
Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coastal areas where tropi-
cal storms bring large 24-hour rainfall amounts. Type
For the size of the drainage areas for which NRCS
II represents the rest of the country. For more precise
usually provides assistance, a storm period of 24 hours
distribution boundaries in a state having more than
was chosen the synthetic rainfall distributions. The 24-
one type, contact the NRCS State Conservation Engi-
hour storm, while longer than that needed to deter-
neer.
mine peaks for these drainage areas, is appropriate for
determining runoff volumes. Therefore, a single storm
duration and associated synthetic rainfall distribution
can be used to represent not only the peak discharges
but also the runoff volumes for a range of drainage
area sizes.
IA 26083
III
25001
CT
DE
III
I
Rainfall
Distribution
Type I
Type IA
12033
FL
Type II
I Type III
I III
III
2.0
2.5
2.0
26083
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.0
25001
CT
3.0 3.5
3.5
WESTERN STATES
4.0
3.5 3.5 4.0
4.5
5.0
4.0 5.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
1.5
12033
FL
5.5
6.0
2.0 3.0
2.5 5.5 6.0 5.5
3.5 4.5
5.0 Rainfall iso-line
Rainfall iso-line half unit
6.0
5.0 6.0
Rainfall iso-line (depression) 12087
5.5
4.0 5.0
4.5 0 200 400 600 Mi
3
2.5
2.5
3
26083
3.5
4
2.5
3.5 2.5
4
25001
CT
4.5
5
4 4.5
WESTERN STATES 5
4.5 5
5.5
3
6
5
5.5 6 5
6
6.5
6.5
7
12033
2.5
7
FL
8.5 8
3 4 7.5 7
3.5 4.5 8 8.5
7.5
5 7 Rainfall iso-line
Rainfall iso-line half unit 6
Rainfall iso-line (depression) 6.5 8
5.5
12087
6.5 7.5
6 0 200 400 600 Mi 7
6.5
Albers Equal Area Projection
3.5
3
3.5
4
26083
3
5
4
6 CT
25001
3
5
3.5 6
7
6
7
8
8
3
12033
FL
9
10
3.5 5 10
4 9 Rainfall iso-line 9
6 8 Rainfall iso-line half unit 7
8
Rainfall iso-line (depression)
9
7 0 200 400 600 Mi
8
Albers Equal Area Projection
3.5 3.5 4
4
26083
26083
5
6
3.5 CTCT
25001
25001
5 6
6.5
6
6
7 7
8
7
8.5
9
7 8
9 9
12033
12033
3.5
10
FLFL
12 11
4 11
6
5 10
7 10 Rainfall iso-line
10 11
Rainfall iso-line half unit 8
11
9
Rainfall iso-line (depression)
8 9 10
9 0 200 600 Mi
4 4.5
4.5 4 5
26083
6
5
6
25001
CT
6
7
USE NOAA ATLAS 2 MAPS FOR 4 4.5
DE
WESTERN STATES
7
7 8 8
9
5
10
8
9 8
9
10
10
3.5 12033
4 11
13
FL
11
12
4.5 6 7 11
5
10
8 12 Rainfall iso-line
11
Rainfall iso-line half unit
10
Rainfall iso-line (depression)
9 10 12
10 0 200 400 600 Mi 11
Albers Equal Area Projection
4 5
5
26083
4
6 7
25001
CT
5 7
USE NOAA ATLAS 2 MAPS FOR DE
8
WESTERN STATES 8
9 9
8
10
11
9
11
8
9
10
4 5 10 11
11
4 12 12033
13 15
FL
13
14
5 7 12
14
6 8 15
13
9 13 Rainfall iso-line 14
12
10
Rainfall iso-line half unit 12
10 Rainfall iso-line (depression) 11 12087
14
11
11 13
0 200 600 Mi
12
400
Chapter Worksheet
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5a, 5b
6 6a, 6b
Figure 2-4
Figure 2-3
acres
Table 2-2
(cover type, treatment, and hydrologic condition; percent mi 2
(appendix A) impervious; unconnected/connected impervious area ratio) %
1
Use only one CN source per line
Totals
2. Runoff
Storm #1 Storm #2 Storm #3
Frequency ................................................. yr
Runoff, Q .................................................. in
(Use P and CN with table 2-1, figure 2-1, or
equation 2-3 and 2-4)
Segment ID
1. Surface description (table 3-1) ...................................
2. Manning's roughness coefficient., n (table 3-1) ..........
3. Flow length, L (total L ≤ 300 ft) ................................. ft
4. Two-year 24-hour rainfall, p2 .................................. in
5. Land slope, s ........................................................ ft/ft
6. 0.007 (nL)
Tt = _____________
0.8 Compute Tt ......... hr + =
P2 0.5 s0.4
Shallow concentrated flow
Segment ID
7. Surface description (paved or unpaved) .....................
8. Flow length, L ...........................................................ft
9. Watercourse slope, s ............................................ ft/ft
10. Average velocity, V (figure 3-1) ............................. ft/s
L
11. Tt = _______ Compute Tt ........... hr + =
3600 V
Channel flow
Segement ID
12. Cross sectional flow area, a ................................. ft2
13. Wetted perimeter, Pw .............................................. ft
a
14. Hydraulic radius, r= Compute r ......................... ft
Pw
15 Channel slope, s ..................................................... ft/ft
16. Manning's roughness coefficient, n ............................
1.49 r s 2/3 1/2
17. V = _______________ Compute V ................ft/s
n
18. Flow length, L .......................................................... ft
L
19. Tt = _________ Compute Tt .............. hr + =
3600 V
20. Watershed or subarea Tc or Tt (add Tt in steps 6, 11, and 19) ....................................................... Hr
1. Data
Drainage area .......................................... Am = ______________ mi2 (acres/640)
2. Frequency .................................................................................... yr
7. Runoff, Q ...................................................................................... in
(From worksheet 2) Figure 2-6
( Where qp = quAmQFp )
Checked Date
Check one: Present Developed Frequency (yr)
Subarea Drainage Time of Travel Downstream Travel 24-hr Runoff Runoff Initial
name area concen- time subarea time rain- curve abstraction
tration through names summation fall number
subarea to outlet
D–5
D–6
Worksheet 5b: Basic watershed data
Project Location By Date
Checked Date
Check one: Present Developed Frequency (yr)
Subarea Basic watershed data used 1 Select and enter hydrograph times in hours from exhibit 5-II 2
name
Subarea ΣTt Ia/P AmQ
Tc to outlet
1. Data:
Drainage area .............. Am = _________ mi2 Vs ..............................
6. ___
Rainfall distribution Vr
type ( I, IA, II, III) = __________
q with figure 6-1)
( Use ___o
q
i
1st 2nd
Stage Stage 7. Runoff, Q ................. in
( From worksheet 2)
2. Frequency .................. yr 8. Runoff volume
................... ac ft
3. Peak inflow (Vr = QAm 53.33)
discharge q ............ ft3/s 9. Storage volume,
i
(from worksheet 4 or 5b) Vs ......................... ac-ft
1
4. Peak outflow Vs ))
(Vs = Vs ( ___
discharge q .......... ft3/s r
u
1. Data:
Drainage area .............. Am = _________ mi2 Vs ...............
6. Compute ___
Rainfall distribution Vr
type ( I, IA, II, III) = __________
qo
1st 2nd 7. ____ ......................... in
Stage q
Stage i
Vs
( Use ___ with figure 6-1)
2. Frequency .................. yr Vr
8. Peak inflow discharge
3. Storage volume qi ........................... in
Vs ....................... ac-ft ( From worksheet 4 or 5b)
1
9. Peak outflow discharge
qo ......................... ft3/s
4. Runoff, Q .............. in
(from worksheet 2) qo ))
(qo = qi ( ___
qi
Brakensiek, D.L. and W.J. Rawis. 1983. Green-Ampt Rawls, W.J., A. Shalaby, and R.H. McCuen. 1981. Evalua-
infiltration model parameters for hydrologic classification tion of methods for determining urban runoff curve num-
of soils. In John Borrelli, Victor R. Hasfurther, and Robert bers. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural
D. Burman (ed.) Advances in irrigation and drainage Engineers 24 (6):1562-1566.
surviving external pressures. Proceedings of Am. Soc. Civ.
Eng. specialty conference. New York, NY. p.226-233. Soil Conservation Service. 1982 [Draft]. Structure site
analysis computer program DAMS2 (interim version). SCS
Chow, V.T. 1959. Open channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill Technical Release 48. Washington, DC.
Book Company, Inc. New York, NY. p. 109-113.
_.1983 [Draft]. Computer program for project formula-
Comer, G.H., F.D. Theurer, and H.H. Richardson. 1981. tion-hydrology. SCS Technical Release 20. Washington,
The Modified Attenuation-Kinematic (Att-Kin) routing DC.
model. In V.P. Singh (ed.) Rainfall-Runoff Relationships:
Proceedings, International Symposium on Rainfall-Runoff _.1985. National engineering handbook. Section 4-
Modeling. Mississippi State University. p. 553-564. Hydrology. Washington, DC.
This appendix presents the equations used in proce- Figure 3-1 (average velocities for estimating travel
dure applications to generate figures and exhibits in time for shallow concentrated flow):
TR-55. Unpaved V = 16.1345 (s)0.5
Paved V = 20.3282 (s)0.5
where
Figure 2-1 (runoff equation):
V= average velocity (ft/s)
2 s = slope of hydraulic grade line
1000
P − .2 − 10
(watercourse slope, ft/ft)
CN
Q=
These two equations are based on the solution of
1000
P + 0.8 − 10 Manning’s equation (eq. 3-4) with different assump-
CN
tions for n (Manning’s roughness coefficient) and r
(hydraulic radius, ft). For unpaved areas, n is 0.05 and
where r is 0.4; for paved areas, n is 0.025 and r is 0.2.
Q = runoff (in)
P = rainfall (in) Exhibit 4 (unit peak discharges for SCS tvpe I, IA,
CN = runoff curve number II, and III distributions):
( ) ( ) [ ( )]
2
Figure 2-3 (composite CN with connected log q u = C o + C i log Tc + C 2 log q u
impervious area):
where
Qu = unit peak discharge (csm/in)
Pimp
CN c = CN p +
100 (
98 − CN p ) Tc = time of concentration (hr)
(minimum, 0.1; maximum, 10.0)
where Co, C1, C2 = coefficients from table F-1
CNc = composite runoff curve number
CNp = pervious runoff curve number
Pimp = percent imperviousness. Figure 6-1 (approximate detention basin routing
through single- and multiple-stage structures for
24-hour rainfalls of the indicated type):
Figure 2-4 (composite CN with unconnected impervi-
ous areas and total impervious area less than 30%): 2 3
VS q q q
= Co + Ci o + C2 o + C2 o
Pimp
Vr q1 q1 q1
CN c = CN p +
100 ( )
98 − CN p (1 − 0.5 R ) where
Vs/Vr = ratio of storage volume (Vs) to runoff
where volume (Vr)
R = ratio of unconnected impervious area qo/qi = ratio of peak outflow discharge (qo)
to total impervious area. to peak inflow discharge (qi)
Co, Ci, C2, C3 = coefficients from table F-2
Rainfall
type Ia/P C0 C1 C2
I 0.10 2.30550 -0.51429 -0.11750
0.20 2.23537 -0.50387 -0.08929
0.25 2.18219 -0.48488 -0.06589
0.30 2.10624 -0.45695 -0.02835
0.35 2.00303 -0.40769 -0.01983
0.40 1.87733 -0.32274 -0.05754
0.45 1.76312 -0.15644 0.00453
0.50 1.67889 -0.06930 0.0
Rainfall
distribution C0 C1 C2 C3
(appendix B)