Patent US4081395 - Alkaline Detergent Compositions
Patent US4081395 - Alkaline Detergent Compositions
Patent US4081395 - Alkaline Detergent Compositions
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DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION I claim:
This is a continuationinpart application of Ser. No. 622,337 filed Oct. 14, 1975 1. The granular concentrate for dissolving in water to clean soiled surfaces made
and now abandoned for Detergent Composition of Cleaning Polycarbonate from polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene or glass, said concentrate
Resins. consisting essentially of the following ingredients expressed as percent by
weight:
The desire to use a clear glasslike polymer that doesn't break has lead to the
development of polycarbonates which can be formed into sheet, film, plate or Alkali metal silicate selected from the group consisting of orthosilicates and
which can be molded into articles. The preparation and properties of these metasilicates 5 to 28,
polymers are described in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Technology, Volume 10
Alkali metal phosphate 5 to 27,
beginning on page 710. Since polycarbonates are essentially linear thermoplastic
polyesters of carbonic acid, they are readily susceptible to chemical attack by Alkali metal methyl naphthalene sulfonate 1 to 15,
free alkali.
Sodium bicarbonate 5 to 15,
On the other hand, glass containers and processing equipment presently in use
in the dairy industry in contact with milk, ice crean and other milk products Defoaming agent 0 to 6,
require free alkali at a pH of about 13 to peptize the fatty acid soils which
Detergent builder selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate,
enables them to be removed by detergent action. Another type of soil
sodium chloride, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium sesquisilicate, sodium
encountered in the dairy field are the usual contaminating molds which grow on
carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof 83 to 0.
the soiled food container walls. Removal of soils in the dairy industry require
strong alkaline detergents and cleaners which will perform satisfactory in either and C21 dicarboxylic detergent represented by the formula ##STR2## in
mechanical spray or soaktank cleaning operations. which one X is hydrogen while the second X is carboxylic, "in which R can
be COOH and CH2 OSO3 H and their alkali metal salts" 1 to 9.
Glass containers such as glass milk bottles frequently break with resulting injury
to both dairy personnel and the milk consumer. This has let to the use of
2. The detergent concentrate of claim 1 in which the alkali metal
polypropylene, polyethylene and polycarbonate returnable food containers. The
phosphate is selected from the group consisting of sodium
use of smooth, clear and transparent polycarbonate milk containers has, in the
tripolyphosphate tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium
past, been unsuccessful due to chemical attack by conventional bottle cleaners
pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and
employing strong alkali.
mixtures thereof.
I have now discovered alkaline detergent compositions for use in aqueous
3. The granular detergent concentrate of claim 1 to which there is added
solution which will clean soiled surfaces. These detergent compositions will
from about 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of an antistatic agent to about 99.5
peptize fatty acid soils in food products such as milk at a pH of about 8 to 12.
to 98 parts by weight of the concentrate of claim 1.
Repeated washings of 75 cycles or more have demonstrated that these new
alkaline compositions do not attack polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene 4. The granular detergent concentrate of claim 1 to which there is added
or glass surfaces. about 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a surface active agent to about 99.5 to
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The basis of my new cleaning composition is an organic dicarboxylic acid 95 parts by weight of the concentrate of claim 1.
detergent represented by the formula ##STR1## in which one X is hydrogen
5. The granular detergent concentrate of claim 1 to which there is added
while the second X is carboxylic, in which R can be COOH and CH2 OSO3 H
about 1 to 3 parts by weight of a dichloroisocyanurate to about 99 to 97
and their alkali metal salts. For convenience, I use the term C21 dicarboxylic
parts by weight of the concentrate of claim 1.
detergent to include the free C21 dicarboxylic acid, the sulfate derivative and
their sodium or potassium salts. The preparation of C21 dicarboxylic acid is 6. The granular detergent concentrate of claim 1 to which there is added
described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,968. about 5 to 12 parts by weight of chlorinated trisodium phosphate to
about 95 to 88 parts by weight of the concentrate of claim 1.
The C21 dicarboxylic acid sulfate is prepared by sulfating the C21 dicarboxylic
acid by conventional sulfating techniques. Generally, from onehalf to one and 7. The aqueous detergent solution consisting essentially of water and
onehalf moles of concentrated sulfuric acid will be added to each mole of C21 from about 0.25 to 40 percent by weight of the concentrate of claim 1.
dicarboxylic acid. it is believed that most of the sulfation will take place at the
terminal carboxylic group in preference to the carboxylic group attached to the 8. The granular concentrate for dissolving in water to clean soiled surfaces made
cyclic portion of the molecule. However, it is possible that some sulfation will from polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene or glass, said concentrate
take place at each carboxylic group. consisting essentially of the following ingredients expressed as percent by
weight:
The alkali metal salts of the C21 dicarboxylic acid will be formed by the
substitution of alkali metal, preferably sodium, for the hydrogen on the hydroxyl Alkali metal silicate selected from the group consisting of orthosilicates and
groups of the carboxylic groups. The source of the alkali metal will be the free metasilicates 10 to 20,
alkali in the alkaline materials such as sodium metasilicate and sodium
Alkali metal phosphate 10 to 20,
carbonate. Some of the substitution of sodium for hydrogen will take place in the
dry blending operation when the detergent composition is formulated. The Alkali metal methyl naphthalene sulfonate 5 to 10,
substitution will be completed when either the aqueous concentrate or dilute use
Sodium bicarbonate 5 to 10,
solutions are prepared.
Defoaming agent 3 to 5,
The alkaline cleaning compositions of my invention are formulated as dry
granular compositions which are dissolved in water for the cleaning operation. Detergent builder selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate,
Aqueous concentrates can also be prepared but are not generally used because sodium chloride, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium sesquisilicate, sodium
of the expense of transporting water. The following description of my carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof 62 to 28,
compositions will refer to the granular concentrates unless otherwise specified.
and C21 dicarboxylic detergent represented by the formula ##STR3## in
The C21 dicarboxylic detergent will be present in my granular detergent which one X is hydrogen while the second X is carboxylic, "in which R can
compositions at from about 1 to about 9 percent by weight. Preferably the C21 be COOH and CH2 OSO3 H and their alkali metal salts" 5 to 7.
dicarboxylic detergent concentration will be about 5 to 7 percent by weight in
concentrates for soak tank cleaning and from about 1 to 2 percent by weight for 9. The detergent concentrate of claim 8 in which the alkali metal
spray applications. phosphate is selected from the group consisting of sodium
tripolyphosphate tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium
The free alkali required to peptize the fatty acid residues from milk and ice cream
pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and
soil is principally supplied by alkali builders in my detergent compositions. The
mixtures thereof.
alkali builders will be present within the range of about 5 to 28 percent by weight.
Preferably, the alkali builder will constitute from about 10 to 20 percent by weight 10. The aqueous detergent solution consisting essentially of water and
in concentrates for both the soak tank or spray cleaning. from about 0.25 to 40 percent by weight of the concentrate of claim 8.
The alkali builders are alkali metal silicate members of a group consisting of 11. The granular concentrate for dissolving in water to clean soiled surfaces
sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, potassium made from polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene or glass, said concentrate
orthosilicate and mixtures thereof. These alkali metal silicate builders are consisting essentially of the following ingredients expressed as percent by
available in either anhydrous or hydrated form. Whenever alkali metal silicate weight:
builders are used in the specifications and claims, they are expressed in the
anhydrous form unless otherwise specified. Alkali metal silicate selected from the group consisting of orthosilicates and
metasilicates 10 to 20,
In addition to the C21 dicarboxylic detergent, detergent action is supplied by
alkali metal phosphates which act synergistically with the C21 dicarboxylic Alkali metal phosphate 15 to 27,
detergent in my cleaning composition. Additionally, the alkali metal phosphates
Alkali metal methyl naphthalene sulfonate 2 to 5,
will act as water softening agents by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions
in the cleaning water. Sodium bicarbonate 5 to 10,
The alkali metal phosphates which are used in my detergent composition are Defoaming agent 4 to 6,
supplied by one or more alkali metal phosphates from the group consisting of
Detergent builder selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate,
sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate,
sodium chloride, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium sesquisilicate, sodium
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate. The alkali metal
carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof 63 to 30,
phosphates are used at a concentration of about 5 to 27 percent by weight. For
soak tank cleaning, a preferred range of alkali metal phosphate is about 10 to and C21 dicarboxylic detergent represented by the formula ##STR4## in
20% by weight while for spray applications the preferred concentration range is which one X is hydrogen while the second X is carboxylic, "in which R can
about 15 to 27% by weight of the concentrate. be COOH and CH2 OSO3 H and their alkali metal salts" 1 to 2.
Another class of ingredients often used in my detergent compositions is
12. The detergent concentrate of claim 11 in which the alkali metal
detergent builders. Examples of detergent builders which assist in supplying
phosphate is selected from the group consisting of sodium
alkalinity to the composition are sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium sesquisilicate,
tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium
sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and urea. In addition to supplying
pyrophosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and
alkalinity the detergent builders may be useful in helping to suspend, disperse or
mixtures thereof.
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emulsify soil and in peptizing fats and greases. Certain types of detergent
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builders in my compositions, such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, 13. The aqueous detergent solution consisting essentially of water and
function as builders due to their great solubility in water with the resulting from about 0.25 to 40 percent by weight of the concentrate of claim 7.
common ion effect. One or more of the above detergent builders may be used in
my detergent concentrates at a concentration of from zero to about 83 percent by
weight. The preferred concentration of detergent builder in my soaktank cleaner
will be about 28 to 62 percent by weight while the preferred range for my spray composition will be about 30 to 63 percent by
weight of the concentrate.
In order to assist the C21 dicarboxylic detergent to penetrate the heavy soils encountered, particularly in cleaning milk and
ice cream containers, I have found it necessary to use from about 1 to 15 percent by weight of a hydrotrope and penetrating
agent which is a polynuclear methyl naphthalene sulfonate alkali metal salt having a molecular weight within the range of
about 240 to 260. The methyl naphthalene sulfonate is generally supplied as the sodium or potassium salt and may be a
sodium or potassium monomethyl or dimethyl naphthalene sulfonate or mixtures thereof. The sodium salt is cheaper, more
generally available and is preferred. This material is commercially available under the trademarks PETRO II and PETRO AA
sold by Petrochemicals Co., Inc., TAMOL SN sold by Rohm and Haas Co. and NEKAL N.F. sold by GAF Corporation. A
preferred concentration range of alkali metal methyl naphthalene sulfonate is from about 5 to 10 percent by weight of my
soaktank detergent concentrate. For spray applications the preferred range is about 2 to 5 percent by weight of the
concentrates.
If additional surface active agents are desired in the cleaning composition conventional wetting agents, emulsifying agents
and dispersing agents can be added along with the alkali metal methyl naphthalene sulfonate. I have used from about 0.5 to
5 parts by weight of a surface active agent with 99.5 to 95 parts by weight of my granular concentrates. The surface active
agents can be selected from any of the hundreds of available materials so long as they function in alkaline solutions. The
surface active agents may be present at a concentration of 0 to 5 percent by weight. The surface active agents useful in my
detergent compositions will include the nonionics, the anionics and the amphoterics. Examples of nonionics are
octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol sold under the trademark TRITON X45, nonyl phenoxy ethyleneoxy ethanol sold under the
trademark IGEPAL CO 850, phenoxy ethoxylated ethanol sold under the trademark EMPHOS TS211, polyoxyethylene ester
of mixed fatty and resin acids sold under the trademark RENEX 20, glycol fatty ester sold under the trademark HALLCO
376N, fatty acid glycol ester sold under the trademark ADVAWET 33, fatty acid alkanolamide sold under the trademark
ALKAMIDE 2110, cetyl dimethyl amine oxide sold under the trademark AMMONYX CO, aliphatic polyether sold under the
trademark ANTAROX LF344, polyoxyethylenated alkyl glycol amide sold under the trademark ANTAROX G200, fatty
alcohol polyether sold under the trademark AROSURF 63PE16, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters of mixed fatty and resin
acids sold under the trademark ATLAS G1234, modified oxyethylated straightchain alcohol sold under the trademark
PLURAFAC D25 and ethoxylated nonyl phenol sold under the trademark RENEX 648.
Examples of amphoterics are disodium Ntallow betamino dipropionate sold under the trademark DERIPHATE 154, sodium
derivative of dicarboxylic caprylic acid sold under the trademark MIRANOL J2M, lecithin sold under the trademark
CENTROL CA, LA, lauryl ampholytic (syndet) sold under the trademark SCHERCOTERIC BASE 156, carboxylic acid
derivatives of substituted imidazolines sold under the trademark MONATERIC, complex coco betaine sold under the
trademark ACCOBETAINE CL, cocyl amido betaine sold under the trademark CARSONAM 3 and 3147, fatty sulfobetaine
sold under the trademark LONZAINE CS, dicarboxylic coconut derivative isopropanolamine sold under the trademark
MIRANOL IPA, dicarboxylic coconut derivative triethanolamine sold under the trademark MIRANOL TEA, dicarboxylic
coconut derivative sodium salt sold under the trademark MIRANOL SF, dicarboxylic octoic derivative sodium salt sold under
the trademark MIRANOL JEM, dicarboxylic myristic derivative diethanolamine sold under the trademark MIRANOL M2M
DEA, dicarboxylic myristic derivative monoethanolamine sold under the trademark MIRANOL M2MMEA, dicarboxylic
myristic derivative sodium salt sold under the trademark MIRANOL M2MSF, dicarboxylic carboxylic capric derivative
diethanolamine sold under the trademark MIRANOL S2MDEA and dicarboxylic capric derivative triethanolamine sold under
the trademark MIRANOL S2MTEA.
Examples of anionics are ethoxylated (3 moles) phosphate ester sold under the trademark TRITON QS44, sodium sulfate
of 2 ethyl1hexanol sold under the trademark TERGITOL 08, sodium petroleum sulfonate sold under the trademark
PETRONATE K, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate sold under the trademark PETRO AR, SELLOGEN K, NEKAL BX78,
ALKANOL B and others, dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid sold under the trademark AERESOL OT, sodium
alkylaryl sulfonate sold under the trademark AHCOWET ANS, sodium salt of sulfated alkylphenoxy poly (ethyleneoxy)
ethanol sold under the trademark ALIPAL EO526, sodium methyl noleyltaurate sold under the trademark AMATERG T,
alkyl polyphosphate sold under the trademark ATCOWET C2, sodium lauryl sulfate sold under the trademark AVIROL 101,
sodium NmethylNtall oil acids taurate sold under the trademark IGEPON TK32, lauric alkylolamine condensate sold under
the trademark NOPCOGEN 14L, fatty alcohol sulfate modified sold under the trademark RICHONOL 4740 and modified
diethanolamides of fatty acids sold under the trademark SHERCOMID.
The combined amounts of alkali metal methyl naphthalene sulfonate and surface active agents will not exceed about 20
percent by weight of the alkaline detergent concentrates.
The C21 dicarboxylic detergents and the sodium methyl naphthalene sulfonate tend to induce foaming characteristics in the
foam
dilute aqueous solutions of my detergent compositions particularly when sprayed. If this foaming is undesirable it can be
foam
controlled by the use of about 2 to 6 percent by weight of a defoaming agent. The defoaming agent may be used at a
foam foam
concentration ranging from 0 to about 6 percent by weight. For soaktank compositions, it will generally be used at a
concentration of about 3 to 5 percent in the detergent concentrate while a preferred concentration for spray cleaners is about
4 to 6 percent by weight. The defoaming agent can be selected from any of a number of products available for this purpose,
foam
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including mixtures thereof, the only requirement being that the defoaming agents be effective under the alkaline conditions in
foam
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which my cleaner composition is formulated and used. In those applications where foam is desired or can be tolerated then
foam
a defoaming agent is unnecessary.
foam
The defoaming agents may be selected from the groups consisting of mineral oils, vegetable oils and organic foam
foam foam
modifying agents. Suitable defoaming agents include white mineral oils sold under the trademarks DRAKEOL 5, 10, 21 and
foam
35; fatty acid vegetable oil sold under the trademark PAMOLYN, and organic materials such as modified oxyethoxylated
straight chain alcohols, such as the PLURAFAC RA20, RA30, RA40, and RA43; alkylaryl polyether sold under the
trademark TRITON CF10; trifunctional polyoxyalkylene glycols such as PLURADOT HA410 and HA430; diethylene glycol
dioleate, polyethylene glycol recinoleate, polyethylene glycol dioleate, tridecyl alcohol, nonylphenol, and ethylene oxide
condensation product with propylene oxide propylene glycol base such as the PLURONIC L61, L62LF, L81 and L122.
I have found it desirable in my detergent concentrates to use sodium bicarbonate as a buffering agent and I use about 5 to
15 percent by weight of this material. A preferred concentration of sodium bicarbonate is from about 5 to 10 percent in both
my soaktank cleaners and spray cleaners.
I have found it convenient to sell my detergent composition as granular solid compositions. They are, of course, readily
soluble in water and aqueous concentrates containing up to 40 percent by weight of the detergent are also available. The
aqueous concentrates are amber colored.
The range of the above ingredients in my granular detergent compositions are shown below in Table I.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Granular Alkaline
Detergent Concentrates Detergent Preferred Concentrate For Preferred Concentrate For Concentrate SoakTank Cleaning
Spray Applications Percent Weight Percent Weight Percent
Weight__________________________________________________________________________C21 dicarboxylic detergent
19 57 12Alkali metal silicate builder 528 1020 1020Alkali metal phosphate 527 1020 1527Alkali metal methyl
naphthalenesulfonate 115 510 25Foam modifying agent
Foam 06 35 46Sodium bicarbonate 515 510 510Detergent builder 83
0 6228 6330__________________________________________________________________________
These materials are dry blended in conventional ribbon or other type blenders. If the C21 dicarboxylic detergent is the free
dicarboxylic acid or a free sulfate these materials will react with the sodium present in the alkalis or detergent builders to
form the sodium salts. Complete reaction at the blending stage is unimportant since the free alkali in the aqueous use
solutions will react with any remaining acidic groups.
My granular detergent compositions are used in water at a concentration ranging from about 0.25 to 5 percent by weight.
For soaktank cleaning where difficult to remove soil is encountered such as ice cream mixes and food molds, I find it
desirable to use a concentration of about 3 percent by weight of my detergent in water. Concentrations as high as 5 percent
by weight can be used if necessary for particular applications where extremely heavy soil is encountered. As indicated
previously, a high pH is required for peptizing fats in food and my cleaning solutions will have a pH of about 8 to 12.
Preferably the pH of the use solutions will be about 10 to 11. For cleaning polycarbonate milk containers in a continuous
soak tank cleaning operation, I have used from about 1 to 3% by weight of my granular detergent composition in water.
For spray applications, I have used my granular concentrates in solutions ranging from about 0.25 to 5 percent by weight.
Because of the pressure used in spray operations I have found that for most applications, the granular concentrates can be
used at concentrations lower than required for mechanical soaktank cleaning. For example, for spray washing
polycarbonate windows the concentration of detergent in water will be from about 0.25 to about 0.5 percent by weight. For
spray washing polycarbonate and glass milk bottles I have used my granular concentrates at about 1.5 to 3 percent by
weight. Cleaning time will vary from a few seconds required in washing polycarbonate sheets used as windows in railroad
cars and buses to about 30 minutes required in soak tank cleaning.
The temperatures required for my aqueous cleaning solutions will vary from ambient temperatures for window washing to
about 190° F. for mechanical washing machines. For soak tank cleaning of polycarbonate milk bottles, I use temperatures of
about 150° F. For spray washing of returnable milk containers I have used solution temperatures ranging from 120° to 160° F.
The detergent solutions can be sprayed on the articles being cleaned or the articles can be immersed in the aqueous use
solutions of my C21 dicarboxylic detergent. After the cleaning operation the containers are rinsed with clean water which
can be cold or hot as desired. After the soil has been removed and the containers have been rinsed with water, they can be
sanitized by contacting them with water containing about 200 parts per million of chlorine. Contact with the aqueous chlorine
solution may vary from about 30 seconds to several minutes. The temperature of the chlorine sanitizing solution generally
does not exceed 120° F. because of limited chlorine solubility at higher temperatures. Following sanitizing, the food
containers are again rinsed with clean water.
It is also possible to both clean and sanitize containers simultaneously by incorporating a compound which will liberate
active chlorine in aqueous solution such as chlorinated trisodium phosphate and the sodium and potassium salts of
dichloroisocyanuric acid. These sanitizing materials when used are formulated to give from 50 to 300 parts per million of
available chlorine. In the granular concentrates from about 1 to 3 parts by weight of the dichloroisocyanurates are combined
with about 99 to 97 parts by weight of granular concentrates. If I use the chlorinated trisodium phosphate, I combine about 5
to 12 parts by weight with about 95 to 88 parts by weight of the granular concentrate.
I have also found it desirable to use an antistatic agent in my cleaning solution when my C21 dicarboxylic detergent is used
in an immersion cleaning operation, such as in soak tank cleaning. The antistatic agent prevents the soil removed in the
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cleaning operation from redepositing out of solution onto the article being cleaned. An antistatic agent is not generally
required in a spray cleaning application.
From about 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of antistatic agent will generally be combined with from 99.5 to 98 parts by weight of my
C21 dicarboxylic detergent concentrates. The antistatic agent, when required, is added to the soak cleaning tank.
Alternatively, the antistatic agent in the same proportions may be formulated as part of the C21 dicarboxylic detergent sold
in granular form or as a liquid concentrate. The antistatic agent can be any one or more of a large number of available
materials, the principal requirement being that it be stable in the alkaline use solutions. The nonionic and amphoteric
antistatics are generally satisfactory.
Typical nonionic antistatic agents are the glycol fatty ester sold under the trademark HALCO C376N and HALCO C1047,
the nonylphenoxy polyethyleneoxy ethanols sold under the trademarks IGEPAL CO520, IGEPAL CO530, IGEPAL CO430
and IGEPAL CO850, fatty acid glycol ester sold under the trademark KERIPON NC, polyethylene glycol ester monolaurate
sold under the trademark LONGZEST PEG40, ethylene oxide condensate sold under the trademark MERPOL OE,
MORPOL OJ and MERPOL OJS, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate sold under the trademarks HALCO CPH376N,
HALCO CPH377N and HALCO CPH378N, propylene oxide condensates with hydrophillic base formed by condensing
ethylene oxide with ethylene glycol sold under the trademarks PLURONIC 10 R 8, 17 R 8, 25 R 5, 25 R 8, 31 R 4, F38, F
68, F77, F87, F88, F98, F108 and F127, ethoxylated propylene oxide ethylene diamine condensate sold under the
trademarks TETRONIC 304, TETRONIC 504, TETRONIC 704, TETRONIC 707, TETRONIC 904, TETRONIC 908,
TETRONIC 1104, TETRONIC 1107, TETRONIC 1307 and TETRONIC 1508.
Amphoteric antistatic agents include Ocetyl betaine sold under the trademark Product BCO, odecyl betaine sold under the
trademark Product BDO, Nlauryl betaine sold under the trademark Product DDN, Ncetyl betaine sold under the trademark
Product HDN, Nstearyl betaine sold under the trademark Product ODN and Noleyl betaine sold under the trademark
Product UDN, palmityl dimethyl ammonium carboxylic acid betaine sold under the trademark VELVETEX BP,
polyoxyethylene alkylamine sold under the trademark ATLASG3780A and reaction product of coco amine and crotonic acid
sold under the trademark ARMEEN Z.
The best mode of practicing my invention will be apparent from the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1
One gallon Lexan polycarbonate bottles soiled by sour milk and milk molds were fed to an automatic bottle washing
machine. Conveyor chains carried the bottles submerged in an upright position through the soak tank section of the bottle
washing machine. The soak tank section contained 3 pounds of my detergent composition for every 100 pounds of water.
The detergent composition was prepared by adding 1 pound of ARMEEN Z .sup.(A) antistatic agent to 99 pounds of the
following composition:
______________________________________ GRANULAR DETERGENTINGREDIENT PERCENT
WEIGHT______________________________________C21 dicarboxylic acid 6trisodium phosphate (anhydrous) 7soda ash
(light) 33sodium metasilicate pentahydrate 30tetrasodium pyrophsophate 7sodium methyl naphthalene sulfonate 7defoaming
foam
agent.sup.(B) 4sodium bicarbonate 5wetting agent.sup.(C) 1______________________________________ .sup.(A) Ncoco
beta aminobutyric acid .sup.(B) Ethoxylated straight chain alcohol sold under the trademark PLURAFAC RA43 .sup.(C)
Primary phosphate monoester made by combining polyphosphoric aci and hydroxylic compound sold under the trademark
TRITON QS44
The pH of the detergent solution was pH 11.8 and the temperature was about 150° F. The soiled milk bottles were in contact
with the detergent solution for about 7 minutes. The bottle washing machine then withdrew the bottles from the soak tank,
inverted them so that the soil and detergent solution drained back into the soak tank after which the inverted bottle passed
into a first rinse tank. In this section of the bottle washing machine, a stream of clean water at about 140° F. was sprayed
into the bottle and allowed to drain. Water rinsing was accomplished in about one minute and then the bottle moved into the
sanitizing tank where a stream of water containing 200 parts per million of chlorine was sprayed into the inverted bottle. The
sanitizing spray temperature was about 120° F.
The bottle was in contact with the sanitizing solution for about one minute after which it was moved by the conveyor chain
into the final water rinse tank. This rinse was cold potable water and was also sprayed into the inverted bottle. The cleaned
milk bottles then moved by the conveyor to the milk filling station. All soils and molds were removed in the washing
operation and the bottles had a clean and attractive appearance. Swab tests showed that the cleaned bottles had a low
bacteria count.
EXAMPLE 2
Onequarter part by weight of the granular detergent used in Example 1 without the antistatic agent was dissolved in 99.75
parts by weight of clean water. This solution at ambient temperature and pH of 10.4 was then sprayed onto a flat
polycarbonate surface, soiled with condensed milk which was allowed to incubate for 1 month at room temperature. Spray
was applied at 30 p.s.i.g. for about 45 seconds after which the detergent solution was rinsed with clean cold water for about
30 seconds. After air drying the washed resin surface was clean and free of water spots and film.
EXAMPLE 3
The following detergent compositions were formulated and then dissolved in tap water at three percent by weight
concentration.
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______________________________________ COMPOSITIONINGREDIENT A
B______________________________________C21 dicarboxylic acid 5.0 7.0sodium metasilicate pentahydrate 20.0
35.0Trisodium phosphate (anhydrous) 7.0 9.0sodium methyl naphthalene sulfonate 5.0 10.0tetrasodium pyrophosphate 6.0
9.0defoaming agent.sup.(D)
foam 3.0 5.0detergent builder (soda ash) 49.0 15.0sodium bicarbonate 5.0
10.0______________________________________ .sup.(D) Modified oxyethylated straight chain alcohol sold under the
trademark PLURAFAC RA43
Detergent composition A had a pH of 11.3 while B had a pH of 11.7. Lexan polycarbonate plates soiled with condensed milk
incubated for 2 weeks at room temperature were immersed in the solutions of 3A and 3B, respectively, and held at 150° F.
for 7 minutes. After removal from the detergent solutions the plates were drained, rinsed with tap water and air dried. The
Lexan plates from both solutions were clean and free of water spots.
EXAMPLE 4
Forty parts by weight of the granular detergent of Example 1 were dissolved in 60 parts by weight of clean water. The
aqueous C21 dicarboxylic detergent concentrate was a nonviscous amber colored liquid. Detergent use solutions were
prepared from this liquid concentrate by mixing 100 parts by weight of the forty percent solution with 1273 parts of water.
This gave a 3 percent by weight use solution.
EXAMPLE 5
The following C21 dicarboxylic detergents were dry blended and then tested for cleaning capability in dilute aqueous
solutions.
______________________________________ COMPOSITIONINGREDIENT A B
C______________________________________C21 dicarboxylic acid 6.0 6.0C21 dicarboxylic sulfate 6.0 3.0Soda ash
(light) 33.0 33.0 30.0Trisodium phosphate(anhydrous) 7.0 7.0 7.0Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 7.0 7.0 7.0Sodium
metasilicate(5H2 O) 30.0 30.0 30.0Sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate 7.0 7.0 7.0Defoaming Agent
foam 4.0.sup.(B) 4.0.sup.(B)
4.0.sup.(B)Surface Active Agent 1.0.sup.(C) 1.0.sup.(C) 1.0.sup.(C)Sodium bicarbonate 5.0 5.0
5.0______________________________________ .sup.(B) and .sup.(C) see Example 1
The above granular C21 dicarboxylic detergents (A through C) were separately dissolved in water at 3 percent by weight
concentrations. After bringing the temperature to about 150° F. Lexan polycarbonate plates were immersed in the aqueous
solutions for 7 minutes. The Lexan polycarbonate plates were soiled with condensed milk which was allowed to incubate for
about 2 months. After removal from the detergent solutions, the polycarbonate plates were rinsed with clean water for about
onehalf minute and then allowed to air dry. The plates which were cleaned by the respective detergent solutions A through
C were all clear and free of soil.
EXAMPLE 6
Following the procedure of Example 5, one percent by weight of the following foam modifying agents were separately
foam
substituted for the Ethoxylated straight chain alcohol (PLURAFAC RA43) used in the composition of Example 5A: sodium
salt of dicarboxylic caprylic acid (MIRANOL J2M), disodium Ntallow betamino dipropionate (DERIPHAT 154),
nonylphenoxy polyethyleneoxy ethanol (IGEPAL CO 850), sodium sulfate of 2 ethyl1hexanol (TERGITOL 08).
Three percent by weight aqueous solutions of the above granular detergents were evaluated against condensed milk soil
following the procedure of Example 4. In all cases the polycarbonate plates were clean and clear.
EXAMPLE 7
A granular concentrate was prepared by dry blending the following materials expressed as percent by weight: C21
dicarboxylic acid3, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate5, sodium tripolyphosphate15, sodium bicarbonate20, sodium methyl
naphthalene sulfonate5, sodium sesquisilicate (builder)30, sodium sulfate (builder)15, ethylene oxideethylene glycol
condensate antistatic agent (PLURONIC F68LF) 2, and N tallow betaamino dipropionate surfactant (DERIPHAT 154)5.
The granular concentrate was dissolved in water at 2% by weight concentration. The pH was 10.5. After adjusting the
temperature to 190° F. polycarbonate plates which were soiled by incubated condensed milk, were immersed in the solution.
Soil from the plates started to lift off almost immediately. Within 5 to 7 minutes, the plates were completely cleaned, but
immersion was continued for 15 minutes. After removal from the detergent solution, the plates were water rinsed and air
dried. The polycarbonate plates were clear and clean.
EXAMPLE 8
Returnable containers are frequently soiled with aromatic and aliphatic organic materials including gasoline which have a
tendency to remain in the pores of the container, survive the container cleaning operation and then contaminate the food. I
evaluated my detergent composition for cleaning various containers in which I had stored isooctane, toluene, and mixtures
of isooctane and toluene for a period of 14 days at room temperature. Following this storage period, the organic liquids were
expelled from the containers rinsed with water and then washed with the following detergent composition C21
dicarboxylic detergent 6, sodium metasilicate 15, tetrasodium pyrophosphate 14, sodium methyl naphthalene sulfonate
7, foam modifying agent 4, sodium bicarbonate 5, sodium carbonate 48 and antistatic agent 1, all percentages being by
foam
weight. I used the cleaner at a concentration of 3% by weight in water by soaking the containers at 145°150° F. for two
minutes and then followed by three water rinses. Following the above cleaning, the containers were filled with milk and held
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at 37° F. for 10 days. The milk was then analyzed for residual hydrocarbon by gas chromatography using a PerkinElmer
Model 900 equipped with flame ionization detector.
The milk analyzed at less than 0.5 ppm hydrocarbon for both glass and polycarbonate containers and after exposure to the
isooctane, toluene and mixtures of both. The only polyethylene container tested showed an isooctane level in milk at 50
parts per million. The 0.5 parts per million hydrocarbon is the same analytical result (control) obtained when milk was
analyzed in the same manner but with no exposure to a container previously filled with hydrcarbon. No hydrocarbon oder
was detectable in the milk.
EXAMPLE 9
The following detergent compositions were used at 3% by weight concentration in water to clean polycarbonate panels
soiled with two month old residue of ice cream mix and condensed milk mold.
______________________________________ A B C Percent by Weight______________________________________C21
dicarboxylic acid 9 3 1sodium tripolyphosphate(alkali metal phosphate) 27 5 3alkali metal methylnaphthalene sulfonate 15 15
3sodium bicarbonate 15 7 5sodium metasilicate(alkali builder) 28 5 5sodium sesquisilicate(detergent builder) 0 63
83PLURAFAC RA43(foam modifying agent)
foam 6 0 0EMPHOS TS211(detergent) 0 1 0HALCO CPH30N(antistatic agent) 0 1
0______________________________________
The soak cycle for cleaners A and B were 7 minutes at 150° F. followed by a two minute cold water spray rinse. The panels
were clean, attractive looking and free of water spots. The C cleaner required a 20 minute soak time at 150° F. to remove
the same soil as the A and B cleaners at 7 minutes soak.
EXAMPLE 10
The following granular formulation was dissolved in water and used to clean and sanitize both glass and polycarbonate
returnable milk containers: soda ash (dense) 39.5, C21 dicarboxylic acid 1.5, PLURAFAC RA43 foam modifier 5.0,
foam
antistatic agent 1.0, sodium tripolyphosphate 10, sodium hexametaphosphate 5, sodium metasilicate 15, sodium
bicarbonate 8, sodium methyl naphthalene sulphonate 3 and chlorinated trisodium phosphate 12, all figures being
percent by weight. The granular concentrate was used in a spray washer at a concentration of 2.3 to 2.7 percent by weight
in water. The washing temperature was held constant within the range of 130° to 140° F. Gallon containers which had been
soiled with ice cream mixes from 2 seasons ago were placed inverted into a case and introduced to the washer at the rate of
one per minute. The machine provided a 4 minute vertical spraywash cycle, a five minute vertical spray water rinse cycle
and a 1 minute vertical spray water rinse cycle. The water rinses were held at a temperature of about 120° F. The cleaning
was very good on both the glass and LEXAN polycarbonate containers with only two passes through the washer. There was
no increase in foam level after 30 minutes of operation.
foam
PATENT CITATIONS
NONPATENT CITATIONS
Reference
1 * KirkOthmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd ed., vol. 19, 1969, pp. 279280.
2 * Morrison et al., Organic Chemistry, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1959, pp. 136137.
3 * Trask, "Sulfonation and Sulfation of Oils", The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, vol. 33, 1956, pp. 568571.
* Cited by examiner
REFERENCED BY
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5/1/2017 Patent US4081395 Alkaline detergent compositions Google Patents
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CLASSIFICATIONS
U.S. Classification 510/219, 510/489, 510/243, 510/222, 510/223, 510/478, 510/426, 510/228, 510/379, 510/381
International Classification C11D1/08, C11D3/10, C11D3/08, C11D1/12
Cooperative Classification C11D3/08, C11D1/12, C11D3/10, C11D1/08
European Classification C11D3/08, C11D1/08, C11D3/10, C11D1/12
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