120L Bleach

Titration of a Bleach Solution
Objectives
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in a
commercial bleach solution and compare the experimental value to that listed on the container of
bleach.
Safety Precautions
Liquid bleach is corrosive and must be handled with care. Any spill on your body or in your
eyes must be washed with water immediately.
Introduction
Two of the most common types of reactions are acid-base reactions and oxidation-reduction
(redox) reactions. It is not surprising that such reactions are the basis for many analytical
procedures used to determine the amounts of substances in certain samples. An oxidation-
reduction titration involves the addition of a solution of either an oxidizing agent or reducing
agent to a solution of a reducing agent or oxidizing agent. One of these solutions has a known
concentration while the other is unknown. The solutions are added until the stoichiometric
amounts of oxidizing and reducing agents have been combined. The oxidizing agent in liquid
bleach is sodium hypochlorite. To determine its concentration, it will be added to a solution of
potassium iodide in order to produce iodine which is then titrated with a solution of sodium
thiosulfate of known concentration. There are two reactions which will take place. First the
sodium hypochlorite will react with the potassium iodide, this reaction requires acidic conditions
to take place. The chlorine in the hypochlorite ion is reduced to chloride ion, the iodide ion is
oxidized to iodine. (1)
2 HCl(aq) + 2 KI(aq) + NaOCl(aq) → I2(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O + 2 KCl (aq) (1)
After the iodine is made in reaction (1), it is reduced back to the iodide ion by the sodium
thiosulfate as shown in the following equation (2).
I2(aq) + 2 Na2S2O3(aq) → 2 NaI(aq) + Na2S4O6(aq) (2)
Often oxidation reduction reactions are written in the form of net ionic equations, (3), (4)
2 H+(aq) + 2 I-(aq) + OCl-(aq) → I2(aq) + Cl-(aq) + H2O (3)
I2(aq) + 2 S2O32-(aq) → 2 I-(aq) + S4O62-(aq) (4)

The number of moles of sodium thiosulfate that have been added at the end point equals twice
the number of moles of iodine as seen in equation (2). From equation (1) it can be seen that the
number of moles of iodine equals the number of moles of sodium hypochlorite. Since most
liquid bleaches report the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in terms weight/weight percent,
the density of the commercial bleach solution must be determined. You will then use the
calculated molarity of the sodium hypochlorite, molar mass of sodium hypochlorite and density
of the bleach solution to calculate the weight/weight percent of sodium hypochlorite in bleach.
See the following sample calculation.
1
Sample Calculation.
What is the molarity of NaOCl in a solution of bleach if 10.00 mL requires 22.35 mL of 0.02191
M Na2S2O4 to reach the endpoint?
22.35 mL x 0.02191 mol Na2S2O4 x 1 mol I2____ x 1 mol NaOCl = 0.0002448 mol NaOCl
1000 mL 2 mol Na2S2O4 1 mol I2
0.0002448 mol NaOCl = 0.02448 M NaOCl

0.01000 L
What is the molarity of commercial bleach if 3.00 mL has been diluted to a volume of 100.0 mL
with water? The concentration of the diluted bleach is 0.02448 M.
You may use the equations Mconc Vconc = Mdil Vdil
Mconc = Mdil Vdil / Vconc = (0.02448 M)(100.0 mL) / 3.00 mL = 0.8160 M
What is the concentration, in weight/weight percent of NaOCl in the commercial bleach? The
density of the bleach sample is 1.056 g/mL and the molarity of NaOCl in the commercial bleach
is 0.8160 M.
0.8160 mol NaOCl x 74.44 g NaOCl = 0.06074 g NaOCl x 1 mL = 0.05752 g NaOCl

1000 mL bleach 1 mol NaOCl 1 mL bleach 1.056 g 1 g bleach
0.05752 g NaOCl x 100 = 5.752 %

1 g bleach
2
Procedure
Your grade will depend in part on the accuracy and precision of your results.
A. Density of Original Bleach Solution

1. Record the brand of bleach.
2. Weigh an empty Erlenmeyer flask on an analytical balance to the 4th decimal place.
3. Pipet into the Erlenmeyer flask 25 mL of the commercial bleach (not the dilute solution
of the bleach).
4. Weigh the Erlenmeyer flask with the bleach on an analytical balance.
B. Titration of a Dilute Solution of Bleach

You will titrate a dilute solution of the commercial bleach. This dilute solution has been
prepared by diluting 3.00 mL of commercial bleach to 100.0 mL.
1. Prime a 10-mL pipet with the dilute solution of bleach.
2. Prime a 25-mL buret with a standard solution of sodium thiosulfate. Fill the primed buret
with sodium thiosulfate solution and drain to the 0.00 mL mark or below and record this
initial reading of the buret.
3. Record the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate.
4. Pipet 10.00 mL of the dilute bleach solution into a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask.
5. Add about 1 cm3 of potassium iodide to the dilute bleach, along with 25 mL water and 1
mL of 2M hydrochloric acid. A dark red solution should be formed.
6. Titrate the sodium thiosulfate into the Erlenmeyer flask until the solution turns pale
yellow. Add 1 mL of 0.2% starch solution and continue titrating until the blue color turns
colorless.
7. Record the final reading of the buret.
8. Repeat steps 4 - 7 until the precision is 0.6% r.s.d. or less. Show your calculation of %
r.s.d. in your lab record book.
3
Titration of a Bleach Solution
Name ___________________________________ Section _________ Date ________
Data and Calculations Show calculations in space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Density of Commercial Bleach
1. Mass of Erlenmeyer flask ________________
2. Volume of bleach added to Erlenemeyer flask 25.00 mL
3. Mass of Erlenmeyer flask and bleach ________________
4. Density of commercial bleach (mass ÷volume) ________________
B. Concentration of Dilute Bleach Solution
1. Record the volumes of sodium thiosulfate solution used in the titration trials.
Trial 1. __________ Trial 2. ____________ Trial 3. _____________
Trial 4. __________ Trial 5. ____________ Trial 6. _____________
2. Record the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate. ________________
3. Calculate the average volume of thiosulfate used in all trials. ______________
4. Molarity of dilute bleach _________________
5. Molarity of Commercial Bleach _______________
6. Percent (w/w) of Commercial Bleach= _________
% NaOCl listed on the label = ___________ % Error = ____________

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Titration of a Bleach Solution

I2(aq) + 2 S2O32-(aq) → 2 I-(aq) + S4O62-(aq) (4)

0.0002448 mol NaOCl = 0.02448 M NaOCl

0.8160 mol NaOCl x 74.44 g NaOCl = 0.06074 g NaOCl x 1 mL = 0.05752 g NaOCl

0.05752 g NaOCl x 100 = 5.752 %

A. Density of Original Bleach Solution

B. Titration of a Dilute Solution of Bleach

Name ___________________________________ Section _________ Date ________

A. Density of Commercial Bleach

1. Mass of Erlenmeyer flask ________________

2. Volume of bleach added to Erlenemeyer flask 25.00 mL

3. Mass of Erlenmeyer flask and bleach ________________

4. Density of commercial bleach (mass ÷volume) ________________

B. Concentration of Dilute Bleach Solution

Trial 1. __________ Trial 2. ____________ Trial 3. _____________

Trial 4. __________ Trial 5. ____________ Trial 6. _____________

2. Record the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate. ________________

3. Calculate the average volume of thiosulfate used in all trials. ______________

4. Molarity of dilute bleach _________________

5. Molarity of Commercial Bleach _______________

6. Percent (w/w) of Commercial Bleach= _________

% NaOCl listed on the label = ___________ % Error = ____________

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Name _______________________________ Section _ Date ____

Trial 1. Trial 2. Trial 3. ___

Trial 4. Trial 5. Trial 6. ___

% NaOCl listed on the label = _ % Error = __