The 1987 Constitution
The 1987 Constitution
The 1987 Constitution
OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
(Full Text)
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the
aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society, and establish a Government that
shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote
the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our
posterity, the blessings of independence and
democracy under the rule of law and a regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace,
do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
ARTICLE I
NATIONAL TERRITORY
.
The national territory comprises the Philippine
archipelago, with all the islands and waters
embraced therein, and all other territories over
which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and
aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the
seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other
submarine areas. The waters around, between, and
connecting the islands of the archipelago,
regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form
part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
ARTICLE II
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
PRINCIPLES
Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and
republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people
and all government authority emanates from them.
Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an
instrument of national policy, adopts the generally
accepted principles of international law as part of
the law of the land and adheres to the policy of
peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and
amity with all nations.
Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times,
supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of
the Philippines is the protector of the people and
the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the
State and the integrity of the national territory.
Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to
serve and protect the people. The Government may
call upon the people to defend the State and, in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required,
under conditions provided by law, to render
personal, military or civil service.
Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the
protection of life, liberty, and property, and
promotion of the general welfare are essential for
the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of
democracy.
Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall
be inviolable.
STATE POLICIES
Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent
foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the
paramount consideration shall be national
sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest,
and the right to self-determination.
Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the
national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of
freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.
Section 9. The State shall promote a just and
dynamic social order that will ensure the
prosperity and independence of the nation and free
the people from poverty through policies that
provide adequate social services, promote full
employment, a rising standard of living, and an
improved quality of life for all.
Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in
all phases of national development.
Section 11. The State values the dignity of every
human person and guarantees full respect for
human rights.
Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of
family life and shall protect and strengthen the
family as a basic autonomous social institution. It
shall equally protect the life of the mother and the
life of the unborn from conception. The natural and
primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of
the youth for civic efficiency and the development
of moral character shall receive the support of the
Government.
Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the
youth in nation-building and shall promote and
protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual,
and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their
involvement in public and civic affairs.
Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women
in nation-building, and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women and
men.
Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the
right to health of the people and instill health
consciousness among them.
Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the
right of the people to a balanced and healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of
nature.
Section 17. The State shall give priority to
education, science and technology, arts, culture,
and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism,
accelerate social progress, and promote total
human liberation and development.
Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary
social economic force. It shall protect the rights of
workers and promote their welfare.
Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant
and independent national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos.
Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable
role of the private sector, encourages private
enterprise, and provides incentives to needed
investments.
Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive
rural development and agrarian reform.
Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the
rights of indigenous cultural communities within
the framework of national unity and development.
Section 23. The State shall encourage non-
governmental, community-based, or sectoral
organizations that promote the welfare of the
nation.
Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of
communication and information in nation-
building.
Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of
local governments.
Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access
to opportunities for public service and prohibit
political dynasties as may be defined by law.
Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and
integrity in the public service and take positive and
effective measures against graft and corruption.
Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions
prescribed by law, the State adopts and
implements a policy of full public disclosure of all
its transactions involving public interest.
ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS
ARTICLE V
SUFFRAGE
ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
ARTICLE VIII
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
ARTICLE IX
A. COMMON PROVISIONS
Section 1. The Constitutional Commissions, which
shall be independent, are the Civil Service
Commission, the Commission on Elections, and
the Commission on Audit.
Section 2. No member of a Constitutional
Commission shall, during his tenure, hold any
other office or employment. Neither shall he
engage in the practice of any profession or in the
active management or control of any business
which, in any way, may be affected by the functions
of his office, nor shall he be financially interested,
directly or indirectly, in any contract with, or in any
franchise or privilege granted by the Government,
any of its subdivisions, agencies, or
instrumentalities, including government-owned or
controlled corporations or their subsidiaries.
Section. 3. The salary of the Chairman and the
Commissioners shall be fixed by law and shall not
be decreased during their tenure.
Section 4. The Constitutional Commissions shall
appoint their officials and employees in accordance
with law.
Section 5. The Commission shall enjoy fiscal
autonomy. Their approved annual appropriations
shall be automatically and regularly released.
Section 6. Each Commission en banc may
promulgate its own rules concerning pleadings and
practice before it or before any of its offices. Such
rules, however, shall not diminish, increase, or
modify substantive rights.
Section 7. Each Commission shall decide by a
majority vote of all its Members, any case or matter
brought before it within sixty days from the date of
its submission for decision or resolution. A case or
matter is deemed submitted for decision or
resolution upon the filing of the last pleading, brief,
or memorandum required by the rules of the
Commission or by the Commission itself. Unless
otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law,
any decision, order, or ruling of each Commission
may be brought to the Supreme Court on
certiorari by the aggrieved party within thirty days
from receipt of a copy thereof.
Section 8. Each Commission shall perform such
other functions as may be provided by law.
B. THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
Section 1. (1) The civil service shall be administered
by the Civil Service Commission composed of a
Chairman and two Commissioners who shall be
natural-born citizens of the Philippines and, at the
time of their appointment, at least thirty-five years
of age, with proven capacity for public
administration, and must not have been candidates
for any elective position in the elections
immediately preceding their appointment.
(2) The Chairman and the Commissioners shall be
appointed by the President with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments for a term of seven
years without reappointment. Of those first
appointed, the Chairman shall hold office for seven
years, a Commissioner for five years, and another
Commissioner for three years, without
reappointment. Appointment to any vacancy shall
be only for the unexpired term of the predecessor.
In no case shall any Member be appointed or
designated in a temporary or acting capacity.
Section 2. (1) The civil service embraces all
branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities, and
agencies of the Government, including
government-owned or controlled corporations with
original charters.
(2) Appointments in the civil service shall be made
only according to merit and fitness to be
determined, as far as practicable, and, except to
positions which are policy-determining, primarily
confidential, or highly technical, by competitive
examination.
(3) No officer or employee of the civil service shall
be removed or suspended except for cause
provided by law.
(4) No officer or employee in the civil service shall
engage, directly or indirectly, in any electioneering
or partisan political campaign.
(5) The right to self-organization shall not be
denied to government employees.
(6) Temporary employees of the Government shall
be given such protection as may be provided by
law.
Section 3. The Civil Service Commission, as the
central personnel agency of the Government, shall
establish a career service and adopt measures to
promote morale, efficiency, integrity,
responsiveness, progressiveness, and courtesy in
the civil service. It shall strengthen the merit and
rewards system, integrate all human resources
development programs for all levels and ranks, and
institutionalize a management climate conducive
to public accountability. It shall submit to the
President and the Congress an annual report on its
personnel programs.
Section 4. All public officers and employees shall
take an oath or affirmation to uphold and defend
this Constitution.
Section 5. The Congress shall provide for the
standardization of compensation of government
officials and employees, including those in
government-owned or controlled corporations with
original charters, taking into account the nature of
the responsibilities pertaining to, and the
qualifications required for, their positions.
Section 6. No candidate who has lost in any
election shall, within one year after such election,
be appointed to any office in the Government or
any Government-owned or controlled corporations
or in any of their subsidiaries.
Section 7. No elective official shall be eligible for
appointment or designation in any capacity to any
public office or position during his tenure.
Unless otherwise allowed by law or by the primary
functions of his position, no appointive official
shall hold any other office or employment in the
Government or any subdivision, agency or
instrumentality thereof, including Government-
owned or controlled corporations or their
subsidiaries.
Section 8. No elective or appointive public officer
or employee shall receive additional, double, or
indirect compensation, unless specifically
authorized by law, nor accept without the consent
of the Congress, any present, emolument, office, or
title of any kind from any foreign government.
Pensions or gratuities shall not be considered as
additional, double, or indirect compensation.
C. THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
Section 1. (1) There shall be a Commission on
Elections composed of a Chairman and six
Commissioners who shall be natural-born citizens
of the Philippines and, at the time of their
appointment, at least thirty-five years of age,
holders of a college degree, and must not have been
candidates for any elective positions in the
immediately preceding elections. However, a
majority thereof, including the Chairman, shall be
members of the Philippine Bar who have been
engaged in the practice of law for at least ten years.
(2) The Chairman and the Commissioners shall be
appointed by the President with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments for a term of seven
years without reappointment. Of those first
appointed, three Members shall hold office for
seven years, two Members for five years, and the
last Members for three years, without
reappointment. Appointment to any vacancy shall
be only for the unexpired term of the predecessor.
In no case shall any Member be appointed or
designated in a temporary or acting capacity.
Sec. 2. The Commission on Elections shall exercise
the following powers and functions:
(1) Enforce and administer all laws and
regulations relative to the conduct of an
election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, and
recall.
(2) Exercise exclusive original jurisdiction over
all contests relating to the elections, returns,
and qualifications of all elective regional,
provincial, and city officials, and appellate
jurisdiction over all contests involving elective
municipal officials decided by trial courts of
general jurisdiction, or involving elective
barangay officials decided by trial courts of
limited jurisdiction.
Decisions, final orders, or rulings of the
Commission on election contests involving
elective municipal and barangay offices shall
be final, executory, and not appealable.
(3) Decide, except those involving the right to
vote, all questions affecting elections,
including determination of the number and
location of polling places, appointment of
election officials and inspectors, and
registration of voters.
(4) Deputize, with the concurrence of the
President, law enforcement agencies and
instrumentalities of the Government,
including the Armed Forces of the Philippines,
for the exclusive purpose of ensuring free,
orderly, honest, peaceful, and credible
elections.
(5) Register, after sufficient publication,
political parties, organizations, or coalitions
which, in addition to other requirements, must
present their platform or program of
government; and accredit citizens' arms of the
Commission on Elections. Religious
denominations and sects shall not be
registered. Those which seek to achieve their
goals through violence or unlawful means, or
refuse to uphold and adhere to this
Constitution, or which are supported by any
foreign government shall likewise be refused
registration.
Financial contributions from foreign
governments and their agencies to political
parties, organizations, coalitions, or
candidates related to elections, constitute
interference in national affairs, and, when
accepted, shall be an additional ground for the
cancellation of their registration with the
Commission, in addition to other penalties
that may be prescribed by law.
(6) File, upon a verified complaint, or on its
own initiative, petitions in court for inclusion
or exclusion of voters; investigate and, where
appropriate, prosecute cases of violations of
election laws, including acts or omissions
constituting election frauds, offenses, and
malpractices.
(7) Recommend to the Congress effective
measures to minimize election spending,
including limitation of places where
propaganda materials shall be posted, and to
prevent and penalize all forms of election
frauds, offenses, malpractices, and nuisance
candidacies.
(8) Recommend to the President the removal
of any officer or employee it has deputized, or
the imposition of any other disciplinary action,
for violation or disregard of, or disobedience
to, its directive, order, or decision.
(9) Submit to the President and the Congress,
a comprehensive report on the conduct of each
election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum, or
recall.
Section 3. The Commission on Elections may sit en
banc or in two divisions, and shall promulgate its
rules of procedure in order to expedite disposition
of election cases, including pre- proclamation
controversies. All such election cases shall be heard
and decided in division, provided that motions for
reconsideration of decisions shall be decided by the
Commission en banc.
Section 4. The Commission may, during the
election period, supervise or regulate the
enjoyment or utilization of all franchises or permits
for the operation of transportation and other public
utilities, media of communication or information,
all grants, special privileges, or concessions
granted by the Government or any subdivision,
agency, or instrumentality thereof, including any
government-owned or controlled corporation or its
subsidiary. Such supervision or regulation shall
aim to ensure equal opportunity, and equal rates
therefor, for public information campaigns and
forums among candidates in connection with the
objective of holding free, orderly, honest, peaceful,
and credible elections.
Section 5. No pardon, amnesty, parole, or
suspension of sentence for violation of election
laws, rules, and regulations shall be granted by the
President without the favorable recommendation
of the Commission.
Section 6. A free and open party system shall be
allowed to evolve according to the free choice of the
people, subject to the provisions of this Article.
Section 7. No votes cast in favor of a political party,
organization, or coalition shall be valid, except for
those registered under the party-list system as
provided in this Constitution.
Section 8. Political parties, or organizations or
coalitions registered under the party-list system,
shall not be represented in the voters' registration
boards, boards of election inspectors, boards of
canvassers, or other similar bodies. However, they
shall be entitled to appoint poll watchers in
accordance with law.
Section 9. Unless otherwise fixed by the
Commission in special cases, the election period
shall commence ninety days before the day of
election and shall end thirty days thereafter.
Section 10. Bona fide candidates for any public
office shall be free from any form of harassment
and discrimination.
Section 11. Funds certified by the Commission as
necessary to defray the expenses for holding
regular and special elections, plebiscites,
initiatives, referenda, and recalls, shall be provided
in the regular or special appropriations and, once
approved, shall be released automatically upon
certification by the Chairman of the Commission.
D. THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT
Section 1. (1) There shall be a Commission on Audit
composed of a Chairman and two Commissioners,
who shall be natural-born citizens of the
Philippines and, at the time of their appointment,
at least thirty-five years of age, Certified Public
Accountants with not less than ten years of
auditing experience, or members of the Philippine
Bar who have been engaged in the practice of law
for at least ten years, and must not have been
candidates for any elective position in the elections
immediately preceding their appointment. At no
time shall all Members of the Commission belong
to the same profession.
(2) The Chairman and the Commissioners shall be
appointed by the President with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments for a term of seven
years without reappointment. Of those first
appointed, the Chairman shall hold office for seven
years, one Commissioner for five years, and the
other Commissioner for three years, without
reappointment. Appointment to any vacancy shall
be only for the unexpired portion of the term of the
predecessor. In no case shall any Member be
appointed or designated in a temporary or acting
capacity.
Section 2. (1) The Commission on Audit shall have
the power, authority, and duty to examine, audit,
and settle all accounts pertaining to the revenue
and receipts of, and expenditures or uses of funds
and property, owned or held in trust by, or
pertaining to, the Government, or any of its
subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities,
including government-owned or controlled
corporations with original charters, and on a post-
audit basis: (a) constitutional bodies, commissions
and offices that have been granted fiscal autonomy
under this Constitution; (b) autonomous state
colleges and universities; (c) other government-
owned or controlled corporations and their
subsidiaries; and (d) such non-governmental
entities receiving subsidy or equity, directly or
indirectly, from or through the Government, which
are required by law or the granting institution to
submit to such audit as a condition of subsidy or
equity. However, where the internal control system
of the audited agencies is inadequate, the
Commission may adopt such measures, including
temporary or special pre-audit, as are necessary
and appropriate to correct the deficiencies. It shall
keep the general accounts of the Government and,
for such period as may be provided by law,
preserve the vouchers and other supporting papers
pertaining thereto.
(2) The Commission shall have exclusive authority,
subject to the limitations in this Article, to define
the scope of its audit and examination, establish
the techniques and methods required therefor, and
promulgate accounting and auditing rules and
regulations, including those for the prevention and
disallowance of irregular, unnecessary, excessive,
extravagant, or unconscionable expenditures or
uses of government funds and properties.
Section 3. No law shall be passed exempting any
entity of the Government or its subsidiaries in any
guise whatever, or any investment of public funds,
from the jurisdiction of the Commission on Audit.
Section 4. The Commission shall submit to the
President and the Congress, within the time fixed
by law, an annual report covering the financial
condition and operation of the Government, its
subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities,
including government-owned or controlled
corporations, and non-governmental entities
subject to its audit, and recommend measures
necessary to improve their effectiveness and
efficiency. It shall submit such other reports as may
be required by law.
ARTICLE X
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. The territorial and political subdivisions
of the Republic of the Philippines are the
provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays.
There shall be autonomous regions in Muslim
Mindanao and the Cordilleras as hereinafter
provided.
Section 2. The territorial and political subdivisions
shall enjoy local autonomy.
Section 3. The Congress shall enact a local
government code which shall provide for a more
responsive and accountable local government
structure instituted through a system of
decentralization with effective mechanisms of
recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among
the different local government units their powers,
responsibilities, and resources, and provide for the
qualifications, election, appointment and removal,
term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of
local officials, and all other matters relating to the
organization and operation of the local units.
Section 4. The President of the Philippines shall
exercise general supervision over local
governments. Provinces with respect to component
cities and municipalities, and cities and
municipalities with respect to component
barangays, shall ensure that the acts of their
component units are within the scope of their
prescribed powers and functions.
Section 5. Each local government unit shall have
the power to create its own sources of revenues and
to levy taxes, fees and charges subject to such
guidelines and limitations as the Congress may
provide, consistent with the basic policy of local
autonomy. Such taxes, fees, and charges shall
accrue exclusively to the local governments.
Section 6. Local government units shall have a just
share, as determined by law, in the national taxes
which shall be automatically released to them.
Section 7. Local governments shall be entitled to an
equitable share in the proceeds of the utilization
and development of the national wealth within
their respective areas, in the manner provided by
law, including sharing the same with the
inhabitants by way of direct benefits.
Section 8. The term of office of elective local
officials, except barangay officials, which shall be
determined by law, shall be three years and no
such official shall serve for more than three
consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the
office for any length of time shall not be considered
as an interruption in the continuity of his service
for the full term for which he was elected.
Section 9. Legislative bodies of local governments
shall have sectoral representation as may be
prescribed by law.
Section 10. No province, city, municipality, or
barangay may be created, divided, merged,
abolished, or its boundary substantially altered,
except in accordance with the criteria established
in the local government code and subject to
approval by a majority of the votes cast in a
plebiscite in the political units directly affected.
Section 11. The Congress may, by law, create
special metropolitan political subdivisions, subject
to a plebiscite as set forth in Section 10 hereof. The
component cities and municipalities shall retain
their basic autonomy and shall be entitled to their
own local executive and legislative assemblies. The
jurisdiction of the metropolitan authority that will
thereby be created shall be limited to basic services
requiring coordination.
Section 12. Cities that are highly urbanized, as
determined by law, and component cities whose
charters prohibit their voters from voting for
provincial elective officials, shall be independent of
the province. The voters of component cities within
a province, whose charters contain no such
prohibition, shall not be deprived of their right to
vote for elective provincial officials.
Section 13. Local government units may group
themselves, consolidate or coordinate their efforts,
services, and resources for purposes commonly
beneficial to them in accordance with law.
Section 14. The President shall provide for regional
development councils or other similar bodies
composed of local government officials, regional
heads of departments and other government
offices, and representatives from non-
governmental organizations within the regions for
purposes of administrative decentralization to
strengthen the autonomy of the units therein and
to accelerate the economic and social growth and
development of the units in the region.
AUTONOMOUS REGIONS
Section 15. There shall be created autonomous
regions in Muslim Mindanao and in the Cordilleras
consisting of provinces, cities, municipalities, and
geographical areas sharing common and distinctive
historical and cultural heritage, economic and
social structures, and other relevant characteristics
within the framework of this Constitution and the
national sovereignty as well as territorial integrity
of the Republic of the Philippines.
Section 16. The President shall exercise general
supervision over autonomous regions to ensure
that laws are faithfully executed.
Section 17. All powers, functions, and
responsibilities not granted by this Constitution or
by law to the autonomous regions shall be vested in
the National Government.
Section 18. The Congress shall enact an organic act
for each autonomous region with the assistance
and participation of the regional consultative
commission composed of representatives
appointed by the President from a list of nominees
from multi-sectoral bodies. The organic act shall
define the basic structure of government for the
region consisting of the executive department and
legislative assembly, both of which shall be elective
and representative of the constituent political
units. The organic acts shall likewise provide for
special courts with personal, family, and property
law jurisdiction consistent with the provisions of
this Constitution and national laws.
The creation of the autonomous region shall be
effective when approved by majority of the votes
cast by the constituent units in a plebiscite called
for the purpose, provided that only provinces,
cities, and geographic areas voting favorably in
such plebiscite shall be included in the autonomous
region.
Section 19. The first Congress elected under this
Constitution shall, within eighteen months from
the time of organization of both Houses, pass the
organic acts for the autonomous regions in Muslim
Mindanao and the Cordilleras.
Section 20. Within its territorial jurisdiction and
subject to the provisions of this Constitution and
national laws, the organic act of autonomous
regions shall provide for legislative powers over:
(1) Administrative organization;
(2) Creation of sources of revenues;
(3) Ancestral domain and natural resources;
(4) Personal, family, and property relations;
(5) Regional urban and rural planning development;
(6) Economic, social, and tourism development;
(7) Educational policies;
(8) Preservation and development of the cultural
heritage; and
(9) Such other matters as may be authorized by law for
the promotion of the general welfare of the people of the
region.
Section 21. The preservation of peace and order
within the regions shall be the responsibility of the
local police agencies which shall be organized,
maintained, supervised, and utilized in accordance
with applicable laws. The defense and security of
the regions shall be the responsibility of the
National Government.
ARTICLE XI
ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
ARTICLE XII
NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY
LABOR
WOMEN
HUMAN RIGHTS
ARTICLE XIV
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS,
CULTURE AND SPORTS
EDUCATION
LANGUAGE
ARTICLE XV
THE FAMILY
ARTICLE XVI
GENERAL PROVISIONS
ARTICLE XVII
AMENDMENTS OR REVISIONS
ARTICLE XVIII
TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
REGION IX
REGION XII
LANAO DEL NORTE, with Iligan City, two (2) -
First District: Iligan City, Linamon, Kauswagan,
Bacolod, Maigo, Kolambugan, Tubod, and Baroy;
Second District: Baloi, Pantar, Tagoloan, Poona-
Piagapo, Pantao-Ragat, Matungao, Tangkal,
Munai, Nunungan, Magsaysay, Salvador,
Kapatagan, Karomatan. Sapad, and Lala.
LANAO DEL SUR, with Marawi City, (2) - First
District: Marawi City and the Municipalities of
Marantao, Piagapo, Saguiaran, Tagoloan, Kapai,
Ditsaan - Ramain, Bubong, Buadiposo-Buntong,
Bumbaran, Maguing, Wao, Molundo, Taraka,
Lumba-Bayabao, Poona-Bayabao, Masiu and
Tamparan; Second District: Municipalities of
Balindong, Tugaya, Bacolod Grande, Madalum,
Madamba, Pualas, Ganassi, Pagayawan, Sultan
Gumander, Malabang, Balabagan, Kapatagan,
Marogong, Tubaran, Binidayan, Lumbatan,
Lumbayanague, Butig, Bayang and Calanogas.
MAGUINDANAO, with Cotabato City, two (2) -
First District: Cotabato City and the Municipalities
of Parang, Sultan Kudarat, Buldon, Barira, Dinaig,
Kabuntalan, Matanog and Upi; Second District:
Municipalities of Pagalunga, Buluan, Sultan sa
Barongis, Maganoy, Talaya, South Upi, Datu Piang,
Datu Paglas, and Ampatuan.
NORTH COTABATO, two (2) - First District:
Municipalities of Carmen, Kabacan, Libungan,
Midsayap, Pigkawayan, Pikit, Aleosan, Banisilan,
and Alamada; Second District: Municipalities of
Kidapawan, Makilala, Matalam, Antipas, Mlang,
Pres. Roxas Tulunan, and Magpet.
SULTAN KUDARAT, one (1)
Attested:
Flerida Ruth P. Romero
Secretary General
MEMBERS
OF THE
CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION
[CON COM]
WHICH DRAFTED THE
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Cecilia Munoz Palma
President
Ambrosio B. Padilla
Vice-President
Napoleon G. Rama
Floor Leader
Jose D. Calderon
Assistant Floor Leader
Yusuf R. Abubakar
Felicitas S. Aquino
Adolfo S. Azcuna
Teodoro C. Bacani
Jose F. S. Bengzon, Jr.
Ponciano L. Bennagen
Joaquin G. Bernas
Florangel Rosario Braid
Crispino M. de Castro
Jose C. Colayco
Roberto R. Concepcion
Hilario G. Davide, Jr.
Vicente B. Foz
Edmundo G. Garcia
Jose Luis Martin C. Gascon
Serafin V.C. Guingona
Alberto M. K. Jamir
Jose B. Laurel, Jr.
Eulogio R. Lerum
Regalado E. Maambong
Christian S. Monsod
Teodulo C. Natividad
Ma. Teresa F. Nieva
Jose N. Nolledo
Blas F. Ople
Minda Luz M. Quesada
Florenz D. Regalado
Rustico F. de los Reyes, Jr.
Cirilo A. Rigos
Francisco A. Rodrigo
Ricardo J. Romulo
Decoroso R. Rosales
Rene V. Sarmiento
Jose E. Suarez
Lorenzo M. Sumulong
Jaime S. L. Tadeo
Christine O. Tan
Gregorio J. Tingson
Efrain B. Trenas
Lugum L. Uka
Wilfrido V. Villacorta
Bernardo M. Villegas
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