Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 45 views

    Si 5 2014 PDF

    Uploaded by

    hector diaz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Si 5 2014 PDF

    Uploaded by

    hector diaz
    45 views2 pages

    Original Title

    SI-5-2014.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views2 pages

    Si 5 2014 PDF

    Uploaded by

    hector diaz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    If you’ve ever asked yourself “Why?

    ” about something related to


    structural steel design or construction, Modern Steel Construction’s
    monthly Steel Interchange column is for you! Send your
    steel
    questions or comments to [email protected]. interchange
    Not-Quite-Oversized Holes Perform means the task is done each piece, every time—a
    According to Section J3.8 of the 2010 AISC Specification, more rigorous condition than most interpretations of the term
    different resistance factors are given for standard holes continuous. Observe means the task is done with a sampling
    and oversized holes. If the hole size provided is larger plan appropriate to what is being inspected; it’s similar to
    than that specified for a standard hole, but smaller than periodic, but better defined.
    that specified for an oversized hole, is it permitted to use Larry S. Muir, P.E.
    linear interpolation to calculate the strength?
    Stability Bracing
    The Commentary to the RCSC Specification (a free download A W14 beam is connected to a 60-in.-deep plate girder
    at www.boltcouncil.org) states, “The footnotes in Table 3.1 with the same top of steel elevation. Relative to Appendix
    provide for slight variations in the dimensions of bolt holes 6 of the AISC Specification:
    from the nominal dimensions. When the dimensions of bolt 1. Should the W14 be treated as lateral bracing or
    holes are such that they exceed these permitted variations, the torsional bracing for the plate girder?
    bolt hole must be treated as the next larger type.” Thus, RCSC 2. Does the required brace strength have to be added to
    does not allow interpolation. the other design loads for the design of the W14 beam?
    Larry S. Muir, P.E. 3. Should the W14 be designed for tension or
    compression?
    ASTM 1085
    Does the introduction of ASTM A1085 HSS mean that Assuming the top flange of the plate girder is in compression,
    ASTM A500 HSS is no longer available on the market? either lateral or torsional bracing can be used. However, lateral
    bracing is probably more efficient. You only need to satisfy
    No. We are in a transition period in which the structural either the lateral brace requirements or the torsional brace
    marketplace will decide if ASTM A1085 will supercede ASTM requirements, not both. In other words, the least stringent
    A500 as the usual material for design and construction. In requirement will govern. If the bottom flange is in compression,
    the meantime, ASTM A500 remains the usual material and only the torsional bracing provisions apply. In this case, web
    HSS manufacturers do not plan to stop producing it. We are distortion should be accounted for in the brace stiffness and
    watching the transition and will advise with information in strength calculations as shown in equation A-6-13.
    MSC as we see things change. If the moment on the plate girder is present in the same
    Larry S. Muir, P.E. load case as another applied load in the brace, the load is
    additive for the design of the brace.
    Perform and Observe versus Periodic and Because we generally don’t know in which direction the
    Continuous member will buckle, the brace load should be considered in the
    How do the terms “periodic” and “continuous” used in worst-case direction (tension or compression for lateral braces).
    the IBC relate to the terms “perform” and “observe” used Bo Dowswell, P.E., Ph.D.
    in the AISC Specification?
    Turn-of-Nut and Tension Control
    The Commentary to Chapter N in the 2010 AISC Specification Due to restricted access we cannot get the wrench
    (a free download from www.aisc.org/2010spec) provides on tension control (TC) bolts. Can “turn of the nut”
    some insight: tensioning be used with TC bolts?
    “The terms perform and observe are not to be confused
    with periodic and continuous used in the 2009 IBC. Both Yes. Any of the pretension methods described in Section
    sets of terms establish two levels of inspection. The IBC 8.2 of the RCSC Specification (a free download at www.
    terms specify whether the inspector is present at all times boltcouncil.org) can be used. However, TC bolts often have
    or not during the course of the work. Chapter N establishes button (rounded) heads, which do not allow the use of a
    inspection levels for specific tasks within each major wrench to either hold the head motionless, as is required
    inspection area. Perform indicates each item is to be inspected of the unturned element, or to turn the head while the nut
    and observe indicates samples of the work are to be inspected. is held in place. If the bolt has a hex head, then turn-of-nut
    It is likely that the number of inspection tasks will determine tensioning can be used.
    whether an inspector has to be present full-time, but it is not Larry S. Muir, P.E.
    in accordance with Chapter N to let the time an inspector is
    on-site determine how many inspection tasks are done.”

     Modern STEEL CONSTRUCTION


    steel interchange

    Demolition and the Code of Compression Chord Bracing


    Standard Practice I have a truss where I can effectively brace the tension
    We have received a contract that requires the fabricator chord but cannot brace the compression chord. Can the
    to perform demolition. Is this a violation of Section 1.7.1 web members of a truss be considered to brace the com-
    of the AISC Code of Standard Practice? pression chord out-of-plane?

    The AISC Code of Standard Practice (available for free at In a vertical truss incorporated into a window wall system at
    www.aisc.org/code), in Section 1.7.1, does not prohibit the Virginia Beach Convention Center, the truss compression
    the fabricator or erector from performing demolition work, chord was “braced” by the truss web members. The
    but rather clarifies that demolition or shoring of an existing connection of the tension chord to the window mullions
    structure cannot be construed as being within their scope of was detailed to provide rotational restraint of the tension
    the work unless it is contractually agreed to. You said that your chord, the web members and the compression chord,
    contract assigns the demolition work to you, and so this is a thereby eliminating the need for out-of-plane bracing at
    case where the default provision in the Code is superceded by a the compression chord. The analysis and detailing of all
    specific instruction to the contrary in the contract. Section 1.1 of the truss components was quite rigorous in order to
    in the AISC Code allows for this. ensure proper load transfer and connection stiffness. A more
    Coordination of any construction project is usually the detailed description of this particular case can be found in the
    responsibility of the general contractor (GC), and demolition following reference:
    and shoring would usually fall into that category. Were I W. F. Baker and B.S. Young, “Stability Design of the Bow
    bidding a job for which demolition is shown in your work, I String Trusses of the Virginia Beach Convention Center,”
    would exclude that work in my bid. It would then be up to the Proceedings, ASCE 2012 Structures Congress.
    GC to assign it to someone else. So in theory, with proper detailing and member rotational
    Keith Landwehr restraint, it is possible to design a system where the web
    members could be relied on as brace points. That said, you
    Slotted HSS Connections would need to evaluate your design and member detailing
    What is the proper way to slot an HSS used as a brace and use your own engineering judgment to assess whether
    member and welded to a gusset plate? you could apply these principles to your project. The project
    described in the article is obviously unsual. In most instances it
    A few years ago, I asked several fabricators how they cut these would likely be less expensive to simply add additional bracing.
    slots and found a variety of answers, including: Susan Burmeister, P.E.
    ➤ Drill a hole and cut between the hole and the end of the
    brace to form a slot.
    ➤ Cut the entire slot with CNC-guided torches. The complete collection of Steel Interchange questions and answers is available online.
    ➤ Use a hand-held torch to cut the entire slot manually Find questions and answers related to just about any topic by using our full-text search
    capability. Visit Steel Interchange online at www.modernsteel.com.
    and grind as required.
    Each of these methods is acceptable. The User Note in
    the 2010 AISC Specification (a free download at www.aisc. Larry Muir is director of technical assistance at AISC. Bo Dowswell, Keith Landwehr and
    Susan Burmeister are consultants to AISC.
    org/2010spec), in Section M2.2, states: “Slots in HSS for
    gussets may be made with semicircular ends or with curved
    Steel Interchange is a forum to exchange useful and practical professional ideas and
    corners. Square ends are acceptable provided the edge of the information on all phases of steel building and bridge construction. Opinions and
    gusset is welded to the HSS.” suggestions are welcome on any subject covered in this magazine.
    Due to erection tolerance and clearance requirements, The opinions expressed in Steel Interchange do not necessarily represent an official position of
    the American Institute of Steel Construction and have not been reviewed. It is recognized that the
    welding the gusset along the edge at the end of the slot is not design of structures is within the scope and expertise of a competent licensed structural engineer,
    practical for typical field-welded braces. Therefore, for all architect or other licensed professional for the application of principles to a particular structure.
    practical purposes, slots with square ends should be used only If you have a question or problem that your fellow readers might help you solve, please
    for shop welded gusset plates. forward it to us. At the same time, feel free to respond to any of the questions that you
    have read here. Contact Steel Interchange via AISC’s Steel Solutions Center:
    Bo Dowswell, P.E., Ph.D.
    1 E Wacker Dr., Ste. 700, Chicago, IL 60601
    tel: 866.ASK.AISC • fax: 312.803.4709
    [email protected]

    MAY 2014

    You might also like