Automatic Irrigation System Using WSN

National Conference on “Internet of Things: Towards a Smart Future” & “Recent Trends in Electronics & Communication”
(IOTTSF-2016)
In Association With Novateur Publication
17th -18th, Feb. 2016
Paper ID: IOTTSF10
AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING WSN
Akshay U. Mankar Prof. Mrs. Snehal Bhosale

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Assistance Professor, Department of Electronics and
Engineering Telecommunication Engineering
R. M. D. Sinhgad School of Engineering and Technology R. M. D. Sinhgad School of Engineering and Technology
Pune, India Pune, India
[email protected] [email protected]
Abstract— An automated irrigation system is developed to Wireless sensor networking is an emerging technology that
optimize water use for agriculture crops. The system has a has a wide range of potential application including agriculture
distributed wireless sensor node network of soil moisture, [2]. These sensors are deployed in random manner. Sensor nodes
temperature sensors and humidity sensor placed in the soil. are usually battery operated. Sensor life time depends mainly on
Energy conservation is a very critical issue in wireless sensor
the life time of battery. So power saving is a critical issue in
networks. In this paper a TDMA based MAC protocols are used
to conserve the energy in wireless sensor networks which is used WSN. The main functions of a wireless sensor network are
in an irrigation syste. An algorithm is developed with threshold sensing; processing; and communication [5]. The sensing
values of moisture level, temperature of the soil and humidity circuitry consumes less power than the processor. But the power
sensor that are programmed into microcontroller based gateway consumption of the radio communication is much more than that
to control irrigation in a field. Also two methods based on TDMA of the processor Except for the transmission, receiving and
scheduling are used. The first one is direct communication sensing durations, nodes can be put to sleep and highest amount
method, in which each node transmitted the data directly to the of power savings possible. This paper describes the actual
sink node and other one is data aggregation method in which nodes formation of sensor nodes and different algorithms for energy
are grouped into clusters to save energy.
saving data transmission in WSN.
Keywords— TDMA scheduling, Wireless sensor networks, II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Energy efficiency, Automatic irrigation
In this section we provide a brief description on “Energy
I. INTRODUCTION Efficient Automatic Irrigation System Using WSN”.
In India agriculture uses 85% of available freshwater  Develop a WSN based system to monitor and control
resources and this percentage will continue to be dominant in the conditions in automatic irrigation to obtain
water consumption because of population growth and increased maximum productivity
food demand. There is an urgent need to create strategies based  Also, control the supply of water and fertilizers to crops
on science and technology for sustainable use of water [1]. There according to the growth of crops
are many systems to achieve water savings in various crops,  Saving the energy while transmitting data from nodes
from basic ones to more technologically advanced ones. to BS (Base Station) by using scheduling technique
Traditional irrigation methods were able to meet the rapidly
growing food requirements of the nation. But in majority of the
case, the knowledge regarding the optimum conditions for a
particular crop is not known to a farmer. This causes a huge loss
in terms of utilization of land in our country. Availability of
energy is one of the important factors in the irrigation system
[2].
Presently, rural irrigation depends on the natural resources
and experience of skilled farmers. There is a frequent electric
supply failure and rectification of the same takes weeks together
in rural areas which adversely affects the irrigation and farmers
may have to adopt for other sources of electricity and it is costly Fig. 1. System Framework
too. Presently there is no efficient and controlled utilization of
water or fertilizer. The system framework fig.1 consisting of sensor nodes,
Automatic irrigation is done with the help of 3 sensors and solenoidal valve, base station, ac pumps etc. The automatic
solenoid valves. The data given by the sensors are interpreted by irrigation done with the help of highly accurate sensors makes
microcontroller and it turns on the motor according to the need irrigation system a unique product. One of the most important
of soil. benefits of the product is that a single farmer can manage more
than one field. This makes the product truly unique in its kind.
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune-52
1
(IOTTSF-2016)
17th -18th, Feb. 2016
A. Sensor Node
Each node consists of a moisture sensor, the temperature
sensor and humidity sensor [6]. Fig. 2 shows the block diagram
of sensor node and BS. The node’s microcontroller program
corrected and formatted sensor values and then output the results
to the on board transceiver. Most of the time the sensor node was
in the receive mode so that the energy consumption was
minimized.
Fig. 3. Working frame of the system
B. Base Station Module

Base Station consist of two transceiver; one for SN and
another for server. Also it has LCD display for to show the
values of soil parameter. A keypad for selection of operation of
Fig. 2. Sensor Node
modes of irrigation system i.e. Automatic, Semi-automatic and
Manual mode. In Automatic mode, the user set the flow rate of
The sensing of environment and data transmission occurred water and quantity of water through keypad in the BS’s
whenever it was requested by the base station. microcontroller for specific period of time. In semi-automatic
mode, the water management is automatic for specific period of
B. Base Station time and apply the scheduled for fertilizer and pesticides for
The base station consists of a transceiver, microcontroller and plants in the farm. In the Manual mode, the user/farmer makes
LCD display. The basic block diagram is shown in fig. 2. After the whole irrigation system off as per scheduled. Fig.5 shows the
getting the value of the moisture level, the temperature and actual flowchart for working of BS using TDMA scheduling.
humidity; the base station compared this value with the
threshold value which was already stored in the uc of BS. IV. METHODS OF DATA COMMUNICATION
Two methods based on TDMA scheduling are used which
III. WORKING OF SYSTEM are as follows [5].
This system hereby reported, consisted of two section fig. 3,
A. Direct Communication Method
Sensor Nodes and Base Station, linked by transceivers that
allowed the transfer of soil moisture, humidity and temperature In direct communication method, each sensor node sent its
data, implementing a WSN that uses ZigBee technology. data directly to the base station as shown in fig.6. If the nodes
were far from the base station, each node required large amount
A. Sensor Node Module of transmission power. This reduced the system life time.
Due to advancement in technologies and reduction in size, So when the nodes were close to the base station this system
sensors are becoming involved in almost every field of life. was efficient.
Agriculture is one of such domains where sensors and their
networks are successfully used to get numerous benefits. A SN B. Data Aggregation Method
(Sensor Node) consist of three sensors as soil moisture, humidity In case of data aggregation the cluster node collected the data
and temperature sensor and one ZigBee transceiver. Which from all the nodes and aggregated them depending on different
collects data from soil and feedback to BS. There may be 3 to 4 techniques. The data being sensed by the nodes in the network
SN are used in field [6]. were transmitted to a base station as shown in fig.7.
Following fig. 4. Shows flowchart for sensor node. Each In this model base station was fixed and located far from the
node get acknowledgement form BS. While BS provide specific sensors. Data collected from each node was combined together
time slots to each node and at their each interval nodes are into a small set of information. Data aggregation is also known
activated whenever the base station will call for information as data fusion.
from sensor nodes. If the node is active then it will send the For data aggregation nodes were designed in such a way that
information to the BS and if it has not specific value it will go to if the transmitting node failed, it would not affect the network
sleep and BS will provide next time slot to next node and same performance and also due to the presence of error bound the
process continues.
2
(IOTTSF-2016)
17th -18th, Feb. 2016
header transmitted the data only if the aggregated data was

beyond the limit
Fig. 6. Direct Communication Method
Fig. 4. Flowchart for SN

Fig. 7. Data Aggregation Method
Nodes organized themselves into clusters with one node

acting as the cluster head. In this case, a sink/base station acted
as the super cluster head [4] [5].
The communication between sink and cluster heads was
based on the TDMA. The communication within each cluster
was also based on TDMA. The basic operation is same as the
single – hop method [3] [5].
V. SUMMARY
Wireless sensor network is group of scattered sensor devices
placed at physical location for the purpose of measuring
environmental attributes. They are small in size so can easily
deployed. Sensor Node has ability of sensing and measuring.
WSN supports observing and scheming of physical
environments from remote locations with good accuracy of data.
The automated irrigation system will be feasible and cost
effective for optimizing water resources for agricultural
production. Data communication method supports the fair data
collection in WSN with minimum delay and less number of
retransmission. Scheduling with TDMA can be done with
minimum scheduling length and fair use of bandwidth and time.
REFERENCES
[1] Gutierrez Joaquin Villa-Medina, Juan Francisco, Nieto-Garibay,

“automated irrigation system using wireless sensor network and
GPRS module” IEEE Trans. On Instrumentation and
Measurement J, Vol. 63, pp 2014.
Fig. 5. Flowchart for BS using TDMA scheduling
3
(IOTTSF-2016)
17th -18th, Feb. 2016
[2] Ming Xia, Yabo Dong, “W-MAC: A Workload-Aware MAC

Protocol for Heterogeneous Convergecast in Wireless Sensor
Networks”, February 2011.
[3] Pravin Varaiya, “TDMA Scheduling Algorithms For Wireless
Sensor Networks”, Springer, 2009.
[4] Kristina Kunert,” TDMA-based MAC Protocols for Wireless
Sensor Networks: State of the Art and Important Research
Issues”, pp.2011.
[5] M. Nesa Sudha,” Energy efficient data transmission in
automatic irrigation system using wireless sensor networks”,
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol. 78, pp. July
2011.
[6] Waltenegus Dargie,” Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor
Networks”, published 2010 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Automatic Irrigation System Using WSN

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Automatic Irrigation System Using WSN

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Automatic Irrigation System Using WSN

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

National Conference on “Internet of Things: Towards a Smart Future” & “Recent Trends in Electronics & Communication”

Akshay U. Mankar Prof. Mrs. Snehal Bhosale

Fig. 3. Working frame of the system

B. Base Station Module

header transmitted the data only if the aggregated data was

Fig. 6. Direct Communication Method

Fig. 4. Flowchart for SN

Nodes organized themselves into clusters with one node

[1] Gutierrez Joaquin Villa-Medina, Juan Francisco, Nieto-Garibay,

[2] Ming Xia, Yabo Dong, “W-MAC: A Workload-Aware MAC

You might also like