A-C POWER SYSTEM

' GE:-<ERAL

Electrical s ystem power Is normally supplied by four englne-dr!\·en A- C

generators operating In parallel. Power can also be supplied from an
e'-"ternal source, or an APC- driven generator, for ground chec kout.
E:tch source is capable of supply ing sufficient power to checkout the
electrical systems. Care should be exercised during ground checkout to
ensure that overloading does not occur, s!!lce generator cooling air
temperature is higher on the ground.

An emergency A-C/ D-C generator can be used if hydraUlic pressll!'" is

avall:tble to check part of the systems. The generator ls quite small
and can be used with the isolated and er::1ergeocy A- C anc D-C buses on.:y.

BUS DISTRIBl!Tim;

7he primary A- C b«Ses Include four malo .>.-C bc:sa5 , :·,.,.., o:s.>er.t!a: .~-c
bus es, ~:tl..;: A - C t~c bus . !solated A-C bus, and e!:'lerze:r.c:. A-C rn:~ .
<TJ:o::~· m!..'1or bus~:s . 5UC:l lS :he :nion!cs ~:d r.av!ga:lon buse5, ::.:·; ~:ltr­
'"'"~a.:·-~ ~;, tht..: [.. rtJ!a_-; bL!Sc:5 .

AC 0 I STR IBUT I C»i

VOL. ill
 EXTERNAL POWER

External A-C power connects to the main A-C tie bus through an External Power
Contactor (EPC). The Bus Tie Contactors (BTC) automatically close when the
tie bus is energized. M:lln A-C buses 1 and 4 energize from the tie bus through
tbe BTC's•. Main buses 2 and 3 are energized through BTC's and Monitor Relays.
The monitor relays automatically energize when external power is used.

If an operational main generator is turned on while external power Is in use, the

BTC of th:e associated generator opens to isolate the generator and respective
main A-C bus from the tie bus. The Generator Line Contactor (GLC) closes,
energizing the associated mo.in bus from the generator. External power continues
to supply the tie bus and other main and essential buses, but the sources do
not parallel. The relays and contactors associated with the generators and bus
distribution systems are lcco.ted 1n the main A-C distribution center.
140NITOR REL.AY I'ONITOR REL.AY
No.1 No.2

G~C-BTC
No. 2

~·JR Rt~ 110.1

~ t rr
FAULT _ _jl---~~::~----~ ( i:PR - 3 )
PROTECTION
CURREI<T TRANS

ESS BUS Ho. 1

PVR REL NO.1
(EPR-1)

tSS BUS No.1

PVR REL No. 2
(EPR-2)
AUX DIF"F FAUL tPC/APc
PROTECTION CT CURRENT TRANS

-- MAIN AC DI STRIBUTION CENTER

3-2 VOL. ID
 AUX GENER.... TOR

When the AUX (APU) generator Is used, the Awdllary Power Contactor (APC) Is
energized to connect the generator to the main A-C tie bus. The EPC and
monitor relays are open when auxiliary power Is used. Main A-C buses 1 and
4. are energized from the tie bus through the BTC's. If "OVERRIDE" Is selected
on tbe''AUTO LOAD DISC (ALD) switches, the monitor relays energize, allo\\1ng
the au.xillary generator to supply main A-C buses 2 and 3. If the auxiliary
gene;-ator Is in use and a main generator is turned "ON," the respective BTC
will open to Isolate the power sources. The main generator supplies the
associated main A-C bus through the GLC, and the auxiliary generator supplies
the tie bus and other main buses. Main buses 2 and 3 cannot he energized
from the au.xillary generator unless "OVE.RRlDE" is selected.

;li!AIN GENERATORS

The main gener:J.tors normally supply the Individual main buses through GLC'a,
and parallel at the main A-C tie bus through the BTC's. Monitor relays land 2
automatically energize when two or more main ,;enerators are operating. "OVER-
RIDE" must be selected to energize the monitor relays when-only one m a:.n
generator Is operating.

When a main generator Is turned to the "ON" posltion, the respective GLC and
BTC close thus energizing the main A~C bus and the main A-C tie bus. The
'ie l>us causes the other BTC' s to close. As the remaining generators a re turned
to the ''Ol\ 11 pos ition, the GLC's and BTC' s ene::-gize through the automatic
par:tlleEng circuits. With all four ge nerators operating, ~e BTC's, GLC's, a nd
mcn!: or relays a r e energized :l;ld the gener:1ror s share the load.

::S3E\'TL:..L A-C Bt:SES fill\.

·~
T~e t:$Se .. ;:i;li
buses l.!'~ c ontrolled
-~ 0
o,· rwo power rela,·s for each bus. EPR I L
T
:1. GLC
T
GLC 2-
:-;':.: "~·. ~:;: po~.~o·e-~ .;ou: ce f:i the T
~':l:li....: .'L-C ::tc: ;,u-:;. \(~1C!l :he lL.: •
~.PR
• I •
~us ls &ner;!zed, the ~o. 2
Essential (Bus) Power Relays
I j_ BTC BTC 21
(EPR- 2 and EPR- 4) energize,
"41H A C T I E BUS
and both essential buses recelve EPR 2
power from the tie bus. If the
t1~ t>us f:tils , or is not energ1zcd,
EPR-2 and EPR-4 deenergi ze. EPR 2
Essential power Is then obttl!ned ESSCPITIA~ AC
from alternate power sources BUS No.1
through EPR- 1 and EPR-3.
- ESSDIT tAL AC BUS NO.1 POJER S~CES

VOL. UI
'•
.
.
"-"'
·~
Main generator 1 Is the first alternate and generator 2 the second alternate source
for essential A-C bus l. Main generator 4 and 3 are the first and second alternates
for essential A-C bus 2. EPR-1 and EPR-2 determine which alternate source Is
used. If the first alternate power
source 1.!1 operating, EPR-1 and
EPR-3 are energized and generator

~ ~
1 supplies essential bus 1.
3 4
Generator 4 suppU.es essential
GLC 3 GLC 4 E:PR 3
bus 2. When the first alternate
source Is not operating, the relays
are deenergized and the second
alternate supplies the bus.
BTC 3 BTC 4
The alternate power source 1.n use
MA I N AC causes Illumination o! GEN l or
GEN 2 light for e ssentlal ous 1,
and a GEN 4 or GEN 3 light for
essential bus 2. When the mal.n
EPR 4 A-C tie bus or alternate sources
tsS[NT t A L AC are not energized, bus power falls,
eus No.2
and the mal.n and essential bus
£SSOITIAL AC BUS N0 . 2 Po.it:R SCORC£5 OFF lights lllum l.nate. The tie
bus causes all lights to extinguish
when energized.

SIDD1ARY CHART

The follo·...·l.ng summan cil:lrt provtdes a listing o! pr!mar:· power .sources,

relays, cont:lctors, and buses. As each power source or coro1blnatlon of power
sources are enerGized, relays and conw.ctors energize to pro\1de power tc the
correct buses. The buses are listed and power sources laentliled w:c!er \·ar!ocs
operational cood1tloo.s. Switches necessnry for operation are considered to be
l.n the "ON" or "!'IOR.-'dAL" positions as required.

3-4 .. VOL. m
 .....
}

RELAYS • CONTACTORS AC eusts

POWER SOURCES
,---------.-------,-----------r---------+---------,rT~ItEl~.~s-s-1
EPC u•c c;. L C MONITOR BTC-NORMAL ( P R MAitj BUS •
EXT AUX Gl G2 G3 G4 I 2 3 4 1 2- --'1--1- 2- 3--:4-t-1--:-2--:-:l--:-4- 1 2 3 4 1 2
----+---------------- - ·-· .:. . . . .:-+...:..-..::._-t-=-_;:__:__t ----+-::-:--:-r.::-t-::--:-1
• • • • • • • • • • (((( ( ((
---t-• -- - - - --r·---• • • • • • A A A A A
: • • • • • • • • 1• I I 1 1
-----+---~--~--~~~~~~-r~
• • • • • • • • • • • • • PPPP P PP
• -• - •- -t------
---4-- -
•
• • • •
• • • • • . .. . .
• II • II
• •
• •
• • • •
OPEN
• • • •
• • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • - - OP(H -- • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •• •
• • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •• •
• • • • • • • • - t----:----·-1-·
• • •- • •
•
--+- - - - - - - • • • erc•s OPEN •
---r '·- ·--; - --•
•
• -• - •
---+- - -• - ·
•
• • • • ..
- - . r-------1
•, • •2 3 4
---r--------r---+-
.,
I 4
• • • • • • • • • 2 3 4 2 4
• • • • • • .. ,
-----t---~-----;------r-----+--r---
2 3 2 3
• • • • • • ,, • ~--~---+--~--
3 4 4
--· --··----r----,_
, _____
• •
• •
• •
" ----
• •
. ..•
• •
1 2
I 4
I
1----+----~r-----+~-~r--+~
1 4 "

- =--.·]----
•
•
t----------
,, ,,
•
r-···------lr- 4
-- -- 4
r- ---r - 3

.___ ___________ _________________________,

* - [H[Ht. ll(O
( • EXTERNAL POWER
A •
1- 4 -
AOA ~ ~ N POweR
·- ....
a.ru
r1.i 1 u f·owrA
p - PARALLEL SOURCES
13LANK - UEENERQ I lE O OR "0 POWER
EPR - [ <~ i N TIAL
POwEr. RELAYS

A C 1>1 $ Til IOUT I otl RELAY CIIART

E:-.'TER)IAL A-C POWER

Power from an !lxternal A-C source can be supplled to all A-C buses. The
ell.1:ernal power unit should be capable of 50/60 KVA, three-phase 115/200-volt
AC -at a .f requency of 400 Hertz. Phase sequence should match the phase
sequence (A, B, C) of the· aircraft's generating systems. Incorrect phase sequence,
or loss of lncllvldual phase voltage, prevents use of the unit with the aircraft.

The external power system

consists of a receptacle,
external power contactor,
and bus protection panel.
The receptacle Is on the COHTRO~

for-ward right side of the

fuselage. The contactor £XT£RNA~

Is In the main A-C distri- POWER ON

~ IGHT~
bution center, and the
\
protection p n -.1 is in the
electrical equipment rack.

The receptacle is In a re-

cessed compartment whic h
also contains an e)>.'ternal
powe r c ontrol circuit
breake r and un ~)>.'tern~!
:~ower " or~.~~ l.t::;:!lt ~ The
c l::cu!; br~ake :- ls In the
:•·nu-ol d::cwt for e :-:te::nal ::XTERNAL POWER R£CE:PT.~C LE
powc: r ~:u. !)rc;·,,cr.ts t.he
""en: .. :::.. mal \•.hen pul led. The il; r.t Illuminates wnen the ex:e :-n:!l ;>o·.,·.: r uni •
ls sup}:: ,, !n;; ;:>ew e !' to tlle aL:·cr::~It systems.

Th"' :·cceptacl~: h::~s

iour Ia!'~!? pin 3 and two 5ma:1 pins. Thre, o: tile l:~;e plns
c :r!'!'' :h r<:·~- phnse
(A, .B, C), 115-\·olt, AC from t htl powe r uo!:. Tilt! fo urth
pin ls grounded Ito the :~ire raft structure. The small (short) pins are used in
the control circuit to prevent arcing at the receptacle. No load can be applied
until the plug Is firmly engaged and the short control plns are mated.

Control volta~e is provided from the bus protection panel which changes the
three-phase AC from the power unit to a D-C output. .-\ jumper is provided in the
plug, or GPU, between the small pins. When the plu~ Is lnserted Into the
receptacle, control voltage is supplied through the jumper to the aircraft's
e"-ternal power circuit [or use wtth the EPC. If the power source Is operating
properly, the green EXT POWER READY light on the control panel Uluminates.

3 - ti \'OL. ru
 EXT PlofR
RtCti'TACLt ti'C
A¢ - 1------ - - -- -11-l- --ll>• ~A I N AC
e¢- 1----+------1~ TIt
c¢- 1-----4-----<1---~ 8US I •
IIN D-

DC
IIUS P ilOT 1----<... CONTIIOL
PANt L
DC
CONTROL

EXTERNAL POW£R CONTROL

EXTERNAL POWER CONTACTOR/AUXILIARY POWER CONTACTOR (EPC/APC)

This contactor Is a relay contalnlng interlock switches :md ht!avy-duty relay

contacts. Two functional contactors are enclosed In ont: bo\lslng. The EPC Is
o:!nerglzed when e:<ternal A-C power Is selec ted as a power source. The .\ ::'C IS
' energized when the au:-.Wary generator Is selected. The actuators are mech:ln-
lc:llh interlocked to prevent slmult:meous t..se of the contac tors. 7!:e S\ .:a-:- 3
also elt:ctrlcally Interlocked by :.!:e At:X..'EX"'" powe:- selector sw:~h r ..: : .. e
contac:~ of me GLC's :me BTC's oi the r.1aln generators .

VOL. Ill
., ..-.-
• T t ~ M IH A L NUMBERS AND MAI N AC BUS LOAD
CONTACTS VARY BETW EEN (NA IN AC T~£ IUSi
GLC/ BTC AHDrA~/.f.'"£.... _ _ _ _ ll -l2 1.3 _ __ ___ I
I I
I QLC II TC I
(4 P C ) ( t i'C ) • I
)-----11---4....._-1--+---- H- - ---<ILn
I
>}-----11----- .....- +----H------@ NA I H AC
I T it BUS
>------H---------<1>---~ 1--- - -@ ( EXT PWR)
-- T I
• •
• •
9 1-::t+-=-----~ •
z~~---~
L~~--~
c J-.::}1..-~ c

R H
I I
I I

q __ '
)
_.j _!
K J )oi :~
l_l _ llll~~---~
0 $)

GLC/8TC - r.?C/ A?C , C~UCTc.:l SCHEMATIC

A combination of static components and rei:ays ts provided In the protect!on

panel. The relays provide Wldervolt:lge and phase sequence protection when
external power is being used. Panel relays are the Phase Sequence Relay (PSR),
LOR, Auxiliary External Power Relays (AER-1 and AER- 2), and the Synci:lron-
izing Bus Relay (SBR). The panel controls the BTC's to allow the m:U!l A-C buses
to be energized from e>.iernal, au.xlllary generator, or malo gener::tror power.

PHASE SEQUE::-ICE CIRCUIT

Three-ph:lse A-C voltage Is supplied to stepdown transformers and full-wave

rectlflers In the bus protection panel. The D-C output is used to control the

3-~ VOL. ill

 ~-------+ UIIOCII VOLTAeE
E~C
.----+ C I I CU IT
lll#ll/ b.T
Lcut
COHTIIOL >-+~-+--ll-_.,_..cE:.:li:,:T_, .... ICLECT .

VOLTAGE o rro+~-4~-.--~
ADI-2 AflfXO:

.... liTe's
..- ~_.:;..:..;

IIU OT
L IQHT

II&.C 1 1

'•

I•

.-1.-C :!e !Jus. A cam bl.natlon of GLC-BTC contacts controls the E:?C to ensure
that paralleling oi internal and external power sources does not occur. A set
of EPC contacts bypass the PSR contacts when e.ae;-gized, allowing the PS:R to
de~n::::-;!ze during low-voltage cond!tions. A low-voltage condition ex ists when
:!le three- phase average is 93 ·;olts, AC, or less.

UNDER VOLTAGE CffiCUIT

The undervoltage circuit 1s normally open due to PSR c ontacts. A second set
of PSR contacts bypasses a time delay capacitor (Cl). During a low-voltage
condition, the PSR is deenergtzed, and the delay capacitor starts chargillg.
Emitter voluge of a Wlijunctlon transistor (Ql} ls controlled by the charging
capacitor. .[{the low-volt:lge condition exists for 3 to 7 seconds, the capacitor
Is charged to a sufficient voltage to cause the t ransistor switch to conduct. Current
between the two bases of the unijunction tranaistor develops a positi ve D-C output

'·......··
3-10 VOL, ni
 I;P(; COICTIIOL
CIIICUIT
CR11
COICTII OL
VOLTAGE I'Sit
•
AER-2
1
~

UNOERVOLTAGE CIRCUIT

voltage. The output Ls supplied to a SWcon Control RectWer (SCR). The D-C
voltage gates the SCR Into conduction, en.ergiz.I.Dg the LOR.

The energized LOR opena the D-C control circuit to the EPC. and extinguishes
the READY light. External power control voltage keeps the LOR energized
through the SCR which Is conducting. The SCR collduction can be stopped (reset)
only by rQmovlng the control voltage. To reset the circuit, the EXT POWER
CONTROL circuit breaker can be momentarily pulled to deenerg1ze the LOR.
Other methods of reset would be to remove the external power plug !rom the
receptacle or to shut down the ground power unit. ~ormal power can be :-estored
after reset of the LOR Is accomplished. External A-C power cannot be used
until the circuit ls reset.

The "AUX" position of the p~wer selector switch Is used to energize the APC,
thus connecting auxiliary generator power to the main A-C tie bus. The GLC-
BTC combination of contacts again preveot paralleling of power sources. Addi-
tional relay cootacts for the EPC or APC are provided by the A.ER-1 and AER-2
In the protection panel. The relays energize when the power selector swttch
Ls In "EXT" or" AU X'' position. When the auxiliary generator Is used, a set of
AER-2 contacts bypasses the PSR contacts for the undervoltage circuit. External
undervoltage protection is provided even though external power Is not In use.

VOL. m .. 3-11
 SYNCHRONIZING BUS RELAY CIRCUIT

The SBR circuit is energized through contacts of AER-2 when external or auxiliary
generator power is
AUX/ EXT
used. The SBR Is
0 P\ill SEL£CT.
also en.e .rgized AU X Ci[N
1--o--toor r
through the main PROT P.lN£L
0oN:-:-.._,.,.,.,.ux='0 :
generator protec- I
AUX Cl[N I
tion panels when 1
arc's
CONTROL I ~ ..,. ,--.+:-.:,
the maJ.n generators I
SW ITCH
are connected to the I
I
main A-C tie bus. I
I
Contacts of the SBR I
allow the BTC's
to energize when
external or
auxlliary power ls
CiLC 'S
W!ed-·or will allow
I
the BTC to tmergize
when the ~enerator EXTo:
o rr~~-----J
SWitch Is in the
"OFF" position. A UX~
The Cootactor
Aux.illnry Relay
(CAR) is energized
y
when the GLC ls APC CO'ITI!OL
energized, and the
BTC Au:illio.ry Rel:ly (BAR) ls energized when the BTC is energized. The SBR
Is ene::-glzed through series BAR-CAR contacts when a generator ls suppl::ln~
the main A-C tie bus, automatically energizing the BTC of an inOJX)r::Ui\'e ge!'lt:r::t;,:·.

MAIN GE:-.'ERA TOR SYSn::.:

AE:R -2
The main gene :::ati:l~. system
consists of four generators ,
CSD1 s, Volt.:lf:e Regulators
ISOL OC (VR' s), protection panels,
BUS
and load controllers. Each
generator is bolted to a
CSD unit which mounts on the
engine accessory drive
case. A Quick Att:lch-
Detach (Q.AD) bolt and ring
secures the CSD to the
SBR C~TROL
engine. The QAD Is used
to remove the generator and
-· 3-12 .. VOL. ID
 EXT P 'ol ~
~£CtPTAC~t t?C
1----------~ I • "'" I H AC
i------~1---l f----- TIE
1 - - -....-+--+-----!l • BUS £~C

~O il

DC CONTROl
VOl TAG£
I

UNO[ IIVOl TA G[ ~:I

.t.UX
~R OTECTIO N I
CI RCUIT (~011 ) ~SII P ilOT
P AH H

r :l
I
:
I P'olll
I I
T I
RUD Y I lsntcTOR ..L
~ ~..L
~I GHT I I I S'ol
I
I l I I
L
l Gl~
r-----4....::EX
;;.T.o :
or 9 ~__0_ __
I
0
1

PHASE SEQUENCE
RtLAY (PSR)
CIRCUIT
EXT
P'ollt ONJ
I G> AUX

ll GHT I 0--___.l I
~:2: _ _j

:::7~NAL AC P~ SCH~AT IC

CSD as a unit for replacement. Protection panels, VR :mlts, :me th:? !oa~
coct::-?lie!·s ::u-·. !nst:ll!ed !n the dec:rlca: equ!pn!ent rack.

::1e generating systt):n, ::u·e practically t<ienucai.

The protec!ton po..nd.;
contain circuits and relays for control and protection of the generators. The
voltage regulator maintains the generator volta.:;e output at 115 volts, AC. The
load controller is used In generator parallel operation to control the CSD for lo:..!
equalization between. generators.

GE:-<ERATOR
The generator is an electro-mechanical device which converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy. The generator electrical output rating ls 40 KVA but each
generator has a thennal output rating of 50 KVA as a coo.tlnuous power source.

VOL. ID 3-13
 GENERA TOR

L__ _ __ _ RESET lEVER

(Of'I'OS ITt S I DE)
OU Tt..tT

BLOCXS
~I
; ..,oA>
v OOWH

04G INE CRIVOI GDIERATCR LCCATIGI

Cooling Is provided by the engine fan discharge air. Output three-phase voltage
rating Is 120/206 volts, AC, but Is m :~lntained at 115/200 volts, AC, by the VR
unlt for use with the load. The CSD Is a hydraulic mechanical constant speed
drive which provides a gener:ttor sh:lft speed of 6000 RPM. At 6000 RPM the
generator produces a frequency of -100 Hertz.

A brushless generator Is actually three generators In one housing. It has no

sllprings, brushes, or commutator. The housing contains a Permanent Magnet
Generator (PMG), exciter gener:ltor, and main generator.
\ __
3-14 .. VOL. ill
 ::9> AC OUTPU;
TO ~OA O

,...--- ---- ----.....

/
I
..
PMC

'£11M
EXCIT CR
I"
MA I N C:[N [ IIA TOR
"\
S TA TOR MA G S T ATOR
3¢ (
ROTOR
3¢
\ ROT Oil
IIOT OR c
:T
STATOR

/
" I
.''
......__ ------- !'
L - - - - - _ _L -

oc
___/
------------ -
[X C I TA T I O N
,/

H AG AHPt..
T RANS IS TOR I I NST
P[A K
IIIII OCt
AM P~

I SENSOR
R tC T

. VOlTAC[
Z£11 [11 R tCU ~A TO R

' - - - VOl TAGC

lltr

BRIJSHLESS CENERATCII AHO REQJ LATCII

The F).lG rotor. whlcl: Is par. of :he sa:ue sh:t!: :!S :.'le :n:~ln .:-oto!', :o:: :.:::.· s
permanent magnets and produces a ~:n~l.--;.luse output of 10• volb, .-'.C . .~ ..1
:requ.:ncy of 1600 Her.:z. The ou:put f!'Om :he stater (:.::-:::: l.ll:U Pl .• st.p;;.:!t:.:
to the protection p:~nel :~nc! then t.:. !he VR u:tlt. -:-:lt P~lv volt;l~~ .., ··""'· ~:
protection :~nd control cf the generator system.

Contacts of :1 Gener:ttor Cont!"'! ReLr. (GCR-l) ~~ 6c: !)rotectl<.o p:-..1~! c::.n:;; •.,:,·
the PltG circuit to the \!:t :..t;l::.. -:::.... cs.;:.cts 6s::.b:e ~t; 0 t!!'lt:r::.~c:- c;xc::t._ ........
hlgh-,·olt:~ge output unti! the gcacr:~tor Is t..rne<. to =" ..
0:'\"'' !lv.>lt:.)t:. ":"i!. .:>:J~
output to the protection p:10el !s continuous whe!! tll" <m<,!.tlc. Is runnm.;.

The VR Wlit's D-C output Is supplied to the generator exciter field (stator) In
the exciter section. The exciter rotor contains three wlndlugs 120 degrees
apart and generates a three- phase, A-C volt:~ge. Tlu: .-\C is chan):o.:d to DC O\
a three- phase, full wave rectl!ier which provides excltat!on to tb.: m:lln :;en.:r;.~~Jl'' ~
rotor field windings.

The main field wlndJJlgs consist of !cur rot:~tlng ele<:tromagnets (' poles). Th"
main st:~tor has three fl.'ted windings at 1:!0-degree Intervals. E:~ch stator h:lS

VOL. ID
..
 I P"G--, ~ EXCIT£R-----, "A I N GtN - - - - - - ,
r - - - - - - - - - 1 .------__.:_... 391 AC

Tl VR 1 AHO
P~OTECT.

PANEL

f2

VOLTAGE
PECULATOR
UNIT

"A IN 3¢
1GEN OUTPUT
PROTECT. \•ENSI NG )
PAHCL

BRUSHLESS GE}jERATa:l

develops 115 volts , AC, at 400 Hertz when the shaft Is 6000 RPM. The VR unit
.:!e ter:nlnes tbe gener::ttor volt::tge by sensing the output voltage and v:u-ylng exciter
!'!eld current accordingly to maintain the 115-volt output.

-:-he::=-~ :;eaerator' s stator windl.ng;; pro\1de three A-C ,·oltages at 120-cegree

;JH:...:e rel:tt!onships. :'ern11n3.ls T~, '!5, md TG are connected to g=ot:.:.d
l:.!:~r~t struc:ure) to pro,·ide a three-phas<!, four-wlre (\\TI) gener:J.tlng
s: ot<::m. Three-phase AC Is obtained from terminals T (phase A), T" (phase B).
:.::d T " (;lhase C). It Is supplied to contactors In the maln A-C dlstrlbution center.
~" :.:'t.:z·:!J '':!re Is ;rounded to the aircraft structure. Voltage f::-am phase-to-
,;ro-..'lc Is 115 ,·olts, AC. The \'oltagt> frct:l phase-to-phase Is 200 volts , AC
: . : ·; ::m c:s phase voltage) since the voltages are 1:!0- degree out of phase.

A W:uning (W) terminal provides an Indication of generator be:u-ing failure~ An

!.:lsulated copper '>ar runs lengthwise along the surface of the stator, close to
the rotor. The stator frame Is the ground. If the bearings fail, the rotor shears
the b:u- causing It to ground ag:llnst the stator frame . When this occurs, a GEN
FAlL light on the electrical p:mel illuminates. The generator can be disabled
by disconnecting the CSD. The CSD disconnect switch energizes a solenoid In
the CSD which causes the CSD to disconnect from the engine drive. Disconnect
must not be attempted with a stopped engine. Reset of the CSD can be accomplished
only when the enS)ne is fully stopped by pulling the RESET lever on the CSD unit.

3- lG VOL. ill
~IAIN PROTCCTION PANEL

The protection panels provide relay

control and protection of each gene rat-
Ing system. The panels provide the
following:

o A D-C so\:l'Ce for control of each

system

o Individual phase voltage sensing c~

o Undervoltage protection with fixed 115/ 200 V AC GENOlAT~ a.JT,..UT

time delay

o Overvolta~:e protection with variable

time del:!) , time inverse to amplitude

o Differen_tl...! fault (grrund !:lult) protectlc" w!t.'l fix.:d t1me delay

o Neutral ct.r~·ent protection with fb:ed tt.m<l del:.ly

o Unbalanced current protection with fixed time del:!y

o Re:lCtlve bias circuit for load equalization

o t:':lderexc!la;!on ;.rotcc:lon

" Auto:::atlc pnrallclln:., ci:·cui:

c· o\.Lx!l!~ relays

PvW:i.:R .>t:PPLY CffiCl1T

The protection panel D-C supply pro\ides posittve and nl.:;,"!lt!vc 0-C \'olt::t~c i.:>r
the v::~rious protection, control, and !'clay ctrcuits. The pow.:r supply iopc: Is
P:'>!G voltage from the m:lln gcncr:ltor \lhlch Is .>upplkd t:.> stlpdown transt•·rm.rs.
A vnriable Lmpedancc m::tgnetic a.mpllfier In sex ies 11ith one transformer p:·!!:t:!r:.
controls prunary current. The tran.>turmo:r scconduy ·.·.tw.ll.n!(s ,;upply \.!" t• .• .:
bridge rectifier whtch produces positive :lnd ne:;::~tivc ~-!-vo lt, D-C outputs.
Zender diodes regulate the no:gative 24-volt 0-C output.

VOL. m !-1.
 ,.....

..lGClH
.... -T
TO VR
UNIT

~--------~r~c~c~o~a~·c~·~
· --------------~

..
3-1::< \'CL. Ill
 I
~----~------~~--<~~--~~r--~
~
Q ) '~l I
..__!__,
- ~ ~
- .
.......-... n- ·
er:. ~-------it--­
':.( T~- C: ::::: ISJl o:
.- ---"'
... --::---)--oj ~-_._ ,...____.
NC:t"'.
.. ..._... aus
_.._,
OH ~.< R CA.~ - j . • _ -:· ~ 1

;
O·, t.H SUS
0 TIE
(1 ~ SW I T CH

(:~fBl
seR !
rn :
APR

)- >-------...J
CAA
:
1

, +-+-j~"':
SEll I• I

C
I
I ~ .. AER-2 1 .-.v
AR I
I PIIOTEC:T lOll PANEL
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ...JI
L - J.P~T....!._A.:l. - -- - -

GENERATOR PROTECTION PANEL

VOL. Til ;J- 19

Fecd:xtck f.s s.tpplfed to the m~etfc :unp1!fler from the center point between the
ne:;ative ::mci!•OSltlve suppl~ . U th.: D-C..- Jb:ge changes, feedback to the mag-
netic :unplifie r nries tb<l transformer prJ.n :try current to m :Untaln a const:lnt
2-t-volt output The PMG voltage fs suppl;e•' to a second transformer ::md bridge
rectifier whic 11 provides a positive 2t--voll D-C output.

UKDEHSPEEr RELAY CffiCI;IT

The ll::<-volt, ')-C output of the power supp~y fs routed through the "ON"
position of b.P .;enerator control switch to ·ne Underspeed Relay (USR). The
iJSR fs ener ~1 r.ed when th.:: under speed .sw J•cn (USS) ln the CSD opens. T~e
switch opens w~en the CSD operating speerlts above 5700 RP:>I :md cloSE'!::! when
the speed !.· h ...:ow 5-tOO RPM.

The ene1·g! ' l•ci t;SR conta.ct:; :lllv-.. W,:R-i 1..1ri .:X:R-2 to "ner;,tize. ReJa,· cc:a-1
cotmecr.s tJ-,, f\lG outpur lli the ;i;<!!ltlrator t- r.l:.e 'lR unit which then pro~iuE"'I
excitation t-> ti·J generator. Con~:tcts of <A:R-2 pr ovide a holciJng circuJt co the
GCR' s, b_n·as:;L'lg the USR contacts. The L:::>ass prevents loss of power dt:rlng
moment:u: 1m 'ersp.,.,d conciJ:!-1r.:;.

P!!OTt<:~ I ON~I•
_ho~ ~ON , Af:R -1
ON C-\:R-~ - LOR : :>----, ,, ....._.,
OJl:J"'
_;;__ _ _ _ - - -•--;;-"""''-<o......--<1>-----<1>---~~ j
~·~ = ~ --~-~
·~ 1 +•ocrr ~ ..-L.. 0 ..-L....
~9v --c - - ·>--',.....__
JSI<
·GCR- I GCR'
~c s
TEST """ \
1
;(!'"' 2
._:_...., .. ~
;J'I.n

< . ltf ~ (Q' ..~ .... ~: ,:)

S"" I • ;)ooo .

1.--. i uss
USR .,
~, T

GLC CIRCUIT

\'OL . ill
GLC CONTROL

When the generator output voltage is above 103 volts, AC, per-phase, the under-
voltage relay (UVR) ls energized thus completing a circuit through BTC contacts
to the GLC and CAR-l , CAR-2 , and CAR- 3. Relay CAR- l ls used with the
GLC-BTC circuit; CAR-2 is used with the SBR circuit; and CAR- 3 is used with
the unbalanced current circuit.

The GLC can be energized through normally closed BTC contacts or throu.gh
the e:utomatic paralleling circuits. When the GLC and CAR's energize, the BTC
is controlled by the automatic paralleling circuits. If the BTC is energized,
the GLC Is controlled by the automatic paralleling circuits.

Contacts of CAR-l bypass the BTC- UVR contacts and GLC paralleling circuit
to hold the GLC energized, thus preventing power loss during momentary
undervoltage conditions. The GLC connects the generator output tq the main
A-C bus. If the generator control switch is in the "TEST" position, the
generator produces an output, but the GLC cannot energize. The generator
operates but does not supply a load.

The normally deenerg1zed LOR ls energized from the protection circuits during
a fault or trouble to disable the generator (GEN OUT). It remai.ns energized
after a trouble through LOR holding contacts.

The system is reset by positioning the generator control switch to "OFF" then
"ON," breaking the LOR holding circuit.

N OIItM .
sus
Tl t Ool" tN tAR STL
GLC
SWI T CH
AER -2 5 11R
I• BTC: I·

BTC CIRCU IT

VOL, li1 3-:ll

 BTC CO,..,'TROL

The BTC can be energized when the BUS TIE switch is ln "NORl'I!AL" and D-C
voltage is supplied through CAR-l, Ex-ternal Power Auxillary Relay (EAR), and
Bus Tie .~ockout Relay (BTL) contacts. The CAR- l contacts are used when the
generator is operating and the SBR ccntacts are used If the generator switch is
in the "OFF" position. The BTC and BTC Auxiliary Relay (BAR) energize
through the Power Lockout Relay (PLR) contacts, or through the GLC contacts
If the generator switch is in the "OFF" position. Contacts of the BTC connect
the power source to the load and provide a holding circuit to the BTC. The main
A-C bus source can supply the main A-C bus through the BTC.

The EAR controls the BTC to prevent awdllary or extemal power from paralleling
with the generators. If ell.'temal or auxiliary power is supplying the main A-C
tie bus, the EAR is energized due to relay AER-1 which causes the BTC';; to
deenergize. The AER-1 is energized when ell.'ternal or auxiliary power Is in use.

(9) ffl A ~
-. ~r.LC 1 ;;r;;LC 2 ~LC 3 GLC < < '
MAIN BUS 1 MA I N !IUS MOH1 M A IM !IUS 3 MOH 1~
L IBTC 2 IBTC 3 BTC 4t
r I .... I H AC I ) T I£ eus I
" '""·-_, ~~C 1 ~'"~ GLC 3
o1 BTS ? ~ .· II
:)PtNf

'
BTS 1
l
• !<:• ~ it<: •
3'f': J

PilOT
PANE L
Ho.4

PARALLELJHG SEQUENCE CIRCU IT

AUTOMATIC PARALLELLI'IG

The PLR, the Automatic P:trallelinr; Au.xili:lr)' Rel3y (APA), and the Automatic
Parallellng Relay (APR) are part of the automatic paralleling control circuits.
The paralleling sequence and synchronizing circuits allow the main generators

.......
~·
3- 22 .. VOL. ID
to operate In parallel. The first generator In operation Is connected to the mo.in
A-C tie bus through the BTC. The remaining generators synchronize with the
tie bus source and then parallel through the respective BTC1 s or GLC's.

Normal paralleling priority of the generators when all four are operating Is the
Nnin Generators l, 2, 3, or 4 to the main A-C tie bus. The priority Is estab-
lJshe·a by the PLR1s. PLR-1 Is energized by the first power source connected
to the tie bus. If generator 1 Is in the "ON'' position, GLC-1 and the CAR's
energize. The BTC-1 Is energized through the PLR-1 contacts slnce the tie
bus.and PLR-1 are not yet energized. Generator 1 supplies power to the tie bus
through BTC-1 , and PLR-1 Is energized. BTC-1 remains energized through
holding contacts of BTc-1. The remalnlng generators automatically synchronize
with Generator 1 and then connect to the tie bus.

I•

I•

PLR- 2 Is o:ner~u'-' ::rom :nain A-C bt.:s ! (G;:n~;rator! :.!::·ou;;!l :!:.: B;.., -:-;.,
Switch (BTS) ancl GLC-1 con:.:lcts (l!nergized). BTC-2 cll.!.l !)e en~;t·;:1ze': <)0.:~
through the series contacts of APA and APR slr.ce PLR-~ contacts :ti'Il open.
The APR Is energized by D-C voltage from Bridge A rectl!!er. The rec:!!!er
chang,;s the tie bus Phase C ·.rolta~e anc gen.:r:t:or ?has" C volta;e :o DC ~o:- ~-"
APR. The APR ls normally <!lltlrbfz,;d w.tll the voltages :tre approximo.t3ly < .;u:ll
In amplitude and phase. A Zener diode In series with the APR determines tl."
ml.n.1mum voltage difference below which the APR is deenergized. The
deenergized APR allows the APA to energize. The APA-APR contacts are
then closed and BTC- 2 Is energized thus pamllellng the sources to the tie bu.;.
The remaining generators autom:ttlcally par:lllel In a similar manner through
the respective BTC1 s or GLC's due to the PI.R, APR, and APA.

Holding conb.cts of the APA bypass the APR contacts to keep the APA energized,
during voltage fluctuations to the APR. The sequence circuits are bypassed
through the BTC holding contacts after p:trallellng Is completed. Paralleling
is indicated by equal readings on the gener:ttor lo~dmeters.

'•
VOL.. m
If Gen.:rator l switch is in
the "OFF" posiuon, Gener-
Q[N OM Q[H TO II£
ator 2 would be the first T I [ BUS PARA LUD
generator connected to the
tie bus . If the bus tie
switcli'of an ope rating
generator is placed m the !lTC
''OPE N'' posltion, the BTC ( [H £;" <H HD)
cannpt energtze. The asso- ~ APC
ciated PLR IS ener gLZed y Iifc1k 1k
from the tie bus to allow !IUS
paralic ling of the bus loads
AUT~TIC PARALLELING
The BTC IS "ner gized througn
GLC contacts, allowing the
main A-c to lle ener;;1zed from the tic bu.; now'-'!' source.

The autom~uc paralleling c1rcuits centre. the CLC when the generator sw1tch is
"OFF" and the BTC IS energiZed. When .r.e gener:uor control swnch is ;>laced
in the "0;\ posiuon , the APR 1S t!aer gn ... c' The APR allows tne AFA to energt..o:
and to hole: through APA contacts. The .... PR IS already ener;,:1zed through t~.e
BTC con:r.l circuu. \\'hen thf..' &l!nerawr ;mase C \'Oltage is a;~proxunately m-
phase w1th thl' ma1n A- C tie bus \'Oitage , t.!le APR is d.:eneq;1z~:d. The G LC is
th1:n .:m:rgiz.,d throu,;h the :.enes .\PA cont:.cts.
LOR
OC)~~~~k--~•~-~~--,~-,
l_ 21'R J!,PA

I •
BT c:.t.

CAR -iT T
uvtir
..!I.
""Ao~
I

OCS
I OON_ _ __ _ _ __.,.__ __.._ --,

o-- .8''e 1--9

6 GLC
TtST

GLC CONTROL
If external A-C po" er or au.xiti~y generator po11 er IS 1n use, the BTC ·s are
energLZed through tilt! SBR <.:ontacts. The BTC 's are also energ1zed through
SBR contacts if the assOCiated generator swttch is in the "OFF" position thus
aUollll\0 the uc: !>us sourc1: to ;:,upiJ<.' po\1 cr to t:w malO A - C bus.

PROTECTION ClRCl:ITS

Th" gcner:1tor pr otection !Janel conl.alns c1rcu1ts wh1ch protect the generating and
uus tlistributlon system. The panel prOI'IdCs under voltage, over\'Oitage, differential

:; -:::-1 •.
\OL. Ill
fault, neutral cUITeci, unbalanced cUITent , and underspeed protection. Delay
circuits are used to prevent transient conditions from energizing the protective
relays.

LO\IUT uss
~

~
..
VOLTAGE
SENSIHQ
,.HAS £
S[NSIHQ UNDERVOLTAQ(
CI RCUIT
_L UND[RSP[£0
RELAY
( usR)
f-
( uvR)
CI RCUIT
,
~

H IQHUT : ~ USR USR:l~

,. HAS£
S[HSIIIQ
~ '- UVR GCR-2 :;..

L.. R[ACT IV£ LOAD ~ T IHE DEL AY

OV EIIYOLTAQ[
~
AND UNDER SEC CIRCUIT Ho.J
CIRCUIT

3
[X CITAT IOH (TOR-1}
SEC
CIIICUIT /
CT
r-. (uu ) YAIII A8 L[ DELAY

;'co•
LLOR

~CAR-2 • -:!:-
3- ~BTL
~~~ 11 SEC
DlrrtREHT I AL • A~~ TI HE Oti..AY
rAUl. T 1\HD CIRCUIT No.2
NEUTRAL CUIUIEIIT • 0. 4 sec
I CIRCUIT DIPt,.
(TOR-2}
CT (D,.II•N CII)
8Tl-.,
....._
:&
I
I•
CT
1
I
UNBA I..ANC[O

I
I
I AUTOMATIC CUI! REt<T 8 S!:C I'
L-' PAIIA I..LE L
CI RCUITS
(APR • ,. LII )
I CIRCUIT

PROTECTION CIRCUITS

An undervolt.'\ge cDndl.tion trips the BTC In 3 seconds and the GLC In 6 seconds.
If the undervoltage condition Is due to underexcltation of the ~~:enerntor, the BTC
does not trip. An ovcrvoltagc condition tr ips the GLC in n tim,; p,;riod mverse to
voltage, maximwn t1.rue not to exceed 10 seconds. A ciJ.fferentlo.l fault trips the
GLC immediately. If the GLC does not clear the fault, the BTC is tripped 0. 4
second after the GLC.

VOL. m 3- 25
 AUX
C()jO IT I CN TRIP TIME ROIARKS GEN
UHDERVOLTA<O[ ere 3 SEC DOES HOT TJI IP lr DUE TO
UHOEIIEXC ITA T I ON
UHDERVQLTA <O£ <OI.C 6 SEC •
OV ERVOL TAG£ CLC VARIABLE TI"E IS INVERSE TO VOLTA<0£ 1 •
MAX. TI"E 10 SEC
OlffE:lltNTtAL GLC INSTANT •
fAULT

I 01 rrERENT • • L
FAUt.T
BTC 0.4 SEC STC TRIPS I f fAULT
GLC-BTC
IS BE TWE EN

NC::UT~AL STC 3 SEC ' 1

I CURAEk i
I

'
I
; UNBALLANCtO BTC 8 SEC
CURREN>
I '

I VNDERSP£[ > GI.C 2 SEC

!
COhfPOL I.EO BY UNDERSPEEO SVITCH
'
I' •
NOTE: . AUX CENEiUTO;t PIIOTECTIOl<

GEN ERATCR PROTECT IC.~ CHART

'rllc: ~i....C ls ";Or.t::7olleci by the LOP.. wh!;:h 1!j :lOr:ual!:; rll;!ener(;ized.. 'I.b.c: !..·.)R !.s
l!n...::- ~~=~ t!:::::)u;h. T.DP..- i t)l' :.!l:"cugt! ::.!.1~ DPR. "!"l:e. TDR-! i~ e:-:e: ..~ze ... --:1.:.:' ~~~
a.:~ ,;,·~ ~~:olt~e, W1der:ol::;.·.:e , or u..~c!e!"speeC condition, cai.;s~:lg: dl~ LC?.. :v

: :i z~cr;::z ::~ n:.t:i~:;

.... ":.:.:·:~r ~:~ti :_ :a;.l:
\P'Otmo ~ult) cond.i-
:io~., c..;.~:S:n~ ~e

--: ~ .. '>------'/ .·· •

:. .:.:~ ::..: ...:. tr1; ooi! o...! •; - - - - - :;._1 -
th·; D!.:!;:reu:!:l.l Lo~k­
o)Lit :lelay (DLR) to
energize. The DLR
is a t'.vo coil relay
which remains ln
.,1 >J1er contlition
ON

Off.,..GCS
l1
Ir::::.o.....oc--<~~)!
j TOH
-'...._--11 1---+---<~1·
"'---"
(t::-!pped or reset).
l
TEST
LOR TO
ik ~ <OLC
The cne1·gi ZP.C LOR
disables the gE:oer-
ator b~· deenerg1zlng L~ C()jTROL
the GLC, CAR's and

3- .!i. VOL. ill

GCR's. The LOR Is held energized through LOR contacts, or through DLR
contacts after a differential fault.

The LOR can be reset by stopping the engine in order to remove the PMG input
voltage to the power supply. Loss of the power supply causes the LOR to deenergize.
The DLR can be reset by energizing the DLR reset con after the LOR Is reset.
A reset pushbutton on the protection panel must be pushed to energize the DLR
reset coil.

A differ ential fault is in-

dicated by illumination of
MA I N DC 8US
RESET the GEN OUT light when
No.2 T

~ s~ 11 .:_H-~e
o.
the generator control
LOR switch is in the "ON" and
Jr ~ It·
Ucc~ Rtstr
"OFF" positions. The
other faults require the
PROT RtStT COIL
generator control switch
OlR RES ET to be "ON" before the
GEN OUT light
illuminates.

The BTC Is controlled by

the BTL rel:l.y which is
normally deenerg1zed.
The BTL ls energized
through TDR- 2 and is l!eld
through BTL conb.cts.
The lD?.-2 is eoer;!wC
~:.: e to !!..n C!lde n~oltage, ,._..,
•SCi.. OC
... ~:::-~::~. or u...~b:ll.li'!Ct:C 3us
c~rr:::nt CO:lc!it10:l. ':"he
ene~·;?,tzed BTL opens the BTL C~TROL

..:::-:~·-: ~ :;.le ETC a:!C .B.A..Rc.

:'.. ~ BTL Is reset by r-os1tbn1ng the Bus Tie Swi~ch (BTS) to "OPE:-f" then 11 :\0R?IIAl.."
The bus tie OPEN light illuminates when the BTC Is open and is extinguished a.."ter
reset is accomplished.

DIFFERENTIAL FAULT PROTECTION

The differential fault circuit disables the generator lnun<!diatel~ II :l. fault OCC4fS
on a feeder wire between the generator and GLC. If the fault Is between the BLC
and BTC, the BTC is opened 0. 4 second after the GLC thus isolating tjle fault from
the maJn AC Tie Bus. The generator is disabled through the BLC circuit due to
the LOR. The main bus is lsol:lted by opening the BTC due to the DTL. The B'i L
is controlled by TDrt-2 which provides tl:c 0 . 4 second delay .

VOL. III
 WA I N A C
Tit eus
N EUTRA L OPCT

CURR ENT t----'

( NCR)
MA I N AC:
BUS
L-- ----1 0 I FFtRtN T LH t-- - - - '
PR OTECT I ON

0 IF"F'ERE:NT IAL PROTECT ION C~RE:NT TRAIISf"OR!o4ERS

A differenthJ. fault is sensed by current tr '.nsfoi"!llers around the phase ieeders and
ground wire.; '>f the generator. Two tranofoi"IJlers are connected ln oppc,sit!on to
each other u.1 each phase of the generator. An output, which Is proportional to
the curren~ ..i!:Fference between the feeder ..nd ground Wire. is provided 1.._; the
trmsformC'.~. If n sufficient difference e :ists due to a fault, the result.mt output
is rectified and energizes the Differential Protection Relay (DPR).

) ~ i ~
~ I ~
~p~~~----~~-------~ -
{' '-. I ..r ":,
/ ' ~' "\
~ --~;--------~r
~ I
.-~~~
·--~·~
· ----------·--------~~~
I -.J
I
1 I .. I
r l
...I
... , l I ..
.. I

r
I
-.J
r 1
1 ..,
A/\

I OI'R l
OIF'F'ER ENTIAL FAULT PROTECTION CI RCUIT

..
3- 26
VOL. _
The DPR contacts cause the LOR to energize. The LOR opens the circuit to the
GLC and GCR 1 s d1sabll.og the generator. The DPR contacts also start the timing
circuit of TDR-2, If the fau1t is not cleared by opening the GLC, TDR-2 Is en-
ergized 0. 4 second later. Contacts of TDR-2 allow the BTL to energize,
deen_~rgizing the BTC and BAR.

An Indication of a dllierential fauit 1s provided by illumination of the GEN OUT

light with the generator control switch In the "OFF" or "ON'' poa!tion. After the
fault 1s corrected, the system can be reset by stopping the generator and pressing
the reset pushbutton on the protection panel. The generator is stopped In order to
remove the PMG Input to the protection panel power supply. Loss of power supply
voltage will deenerg!ze the LOR in the GLC circuit. The BTC circuit can be reset
by poa!tioning the BUS TIE switch to "OPEN'' then "NORMAL" position, which
deenergizes the BTL.

NEUTRAL CURRENT PROTECTION

The neutral current sensing detects an open generator phase, or fault, not
detected by the differential protection or undervoltage protection circuits.
Current In the common wire between the current transformers is sensed by a
transformer, Recttll.ers change the tran6former voltage to DC, which controls
a Neutral Current Relay (~CR).

If the sensing current between the cl!l'rent

transformers ls unequn.l, the NCR is ener:;ized.
Contacts of the ~CR start the TDR- 2 timing
c;:cle. If the condition still exists :lite::- 3
seconds, TDR- 2 ls ener,Pzec.. TDR-!: open.;
BTC by energizing tl:e BTL. Tile _?:ener:nor
t.!lc
•--'AA-"'-
continues to supply the main bus load but ls
isolated !rom the maln A-C tie bus. DPC~4's
!.: the unbalru:ce condition contL,ut!;;, proteet!O!'
15 proVidt~d by the undervol;age c!rcul; wh!cn
dlsables the generator. The NCR contacts
n.lso bypass the reactive biasing circuit to
prevent tripping of a good gener:U.or system.
The BTC tripped condition Is Indicated by
lllum!nat!on of the BUS TIE OPEN light. The NEUTRAL CURRENT CIRCUIT
BTC can be reset, and the light ex-tinguished,
by positioning the BUS TIE swttch to "OPEN"
then "!'iORMAL."

VOL. m ·-
 VOLTAGE SENSING

The thre&-phase A- C output of the generator is stepped do\\'Il by transformers,

rectified, and f1l tered to provide a D-C output. The output is referenced to th.e
24-volt output of the protection panel power supply. Zener diodes regulate the
D-e reference voltage.

Isolating diodes between the individual-phase DC outputs control which phase

voltage is used with the overvoltage circuits. Only ons of each group of three
diodes conducts, providing reverse bias to the other diodes. The overvoltage
circuit senses the highest phase voltage which is rectifled and coupled as a
negative input to the overvoltage circuit. The overvoltage isolating d odes are
normally cutoff until the overvoltage condition exceeds 129 volts, AC.

The undervoltage isolating diodes are nonnally cutoff while phase voltage is abo~e
103 volts , AC. If phase voltage decreases, a diode conducts due to the positive
refer ence voltage. The diode with the lowest phase voltage provides a positive
outj:Alt to the undervoltage circuit. The overvoltage and u:ndervoltage sensing
reference is also varied by the reactive load circuit.

UN::>tRVO~TA<;t
RECTif'IER f'I~TtR
( ~o,.tsT PHASE
~ VOL. TACt)

l
+
o vt~vo~ TA ~ <
(IO .. HtST PHAS(
VO~ 7.\GE j

•I ('fY)
• D 0

_,.
I
! ~

;r
I
'----~>--)t---1
~.
,

I I
t
~

REACT I Vt
81 A S t24v PO... ER
CIRCUit>--~~-4-v~~-->A~--._~~~~~~ S UPP~Y P"G
R207 VOLT ACt

VOLTAGE: SOlS lNG

3-30
VOL. Ill
U:-IDER VOLT AGE PROT ECTION CffiCUIT

In the undervoltage circuit the UVR is normally ener gized due to conduction of
transistor Q602. Transistor Q603 and Q601 are normally cutoff. During an
undervoltage condition the positive input trom the voltage sensing circuits cause
trans!Stor Q603 to conduct. The positive output from the emitter of Q603 causes
Q601 to conduct. The negative collector voltage of Q:JOl turns off Q602, and the
UVR is deenergized.

r---~--------~~------------~~----~--<t24v
POSITIV£ I NPUT
DUlliNG
UHO£~VO~TAG£

COND I TION Q601

Q602

~------~--+t----------------4---------------~-24v
t.J'HO~VOLT AGC:

Cont::u:ts of the UVR stan ::!l.e t1l::llng cycle of TDR- 1 and TDR- 2. If the under-
voltJ.ge ccnc.l:.i¢n c ontir. 1.!es , 7.C.?..- ~ ·.v.u: t !:::l e out !..n J secor:Cs ant: T:>~-.:. :.=
'3 seconds. The TD2- ~ ope~3 :h~ BTC a::.C TDR-l o.r::e:ts t.::e GLC ·.'·hict C!s:i.!l:~~
~-:: :.;~ne:-a.tO)r. :..; :h~ c.;::;;.!i:! o:: !s ~sc~!!:~:-:: :.:e :utv; ·v!!... ~ot :!.:::c: ')U :... !: :!::
....."lde :-·:c..,::..~a .:c~~~i .. ~ !s t:~!.::I:!.:::ae~ ;;:: T:JF.-~ az:d ::1~ :; TC , r=::.-: "-'~·: :: nc :
:~:a ou t si.'lC\! -:.ht: t:' VR is ag3.l.n eot:::-;.r. z~d.. If the u:!ce :·vol::! =~ zonr:.itlon Li
c:n:s ed by uade r excitation of the :~e::l.,r:tto:-, t."le t:ER Is ener~lzed to pr e vent l oss
~i !.1~".: 3TC.

0 \"ERYOLTAGE PROTECTI 0:\ CL""'.CLTI

The overvoltage circuit produces an output with :1 dela\· time which vari es lllversel v
to the amplitude of the overvoltage co.1<li tiort. A m:~..~um of 10 seconds delay is ·
produced at 129 volts , AC. Delay tim e is equ:tl to 5 dlvlded by the number of volts
o.bo\·e 129 , or

5
Delay =
number of volts - 129.
Example: At a phase voltage of 13-t volts,
5 5
Delay : 13 ·1 - 1~9 = ;; = l ~econd.
..
VO L. ll! 3- 31
 Nl~T IV t I NPUT
OURINQ
OVliiVOI. TAQt
CONDITION

Q503

~---•To TDR-1

L501 II

Q501

OVEJlVOLTAGE

In the overvolt:~ge cl::cuit, delay t1me is ceterz:lined by saturation of re:~ctor L301.

Transistor Q503 is norm :illy cutoff and Q501 is conduct!!lg. The rMeto:::- Is
saturated due to base current oi tr:~r.slstor Q501.

Durin.; an overvoltage condi!!on, the neg:1tive output from the voltage sensing
clrcu!: causes <"./5J3 to con..:uct. n.e .•e,:.:lv.: em!~:e:- slgn:U is co1.pled to :.ac
:· :eac:or, re·.·er-s:.ng ±~ :-e~:cr carrer..t. The aela': tt:ne is t!:e :i.:::le :-eqt:lred
fer:..~\: ... _:.:cto:- f!e!..: :c. cc:.:_;:stt •.::c! s:t::.a·:ue L"l 6e op;>osi~e C!:-oz..:t:~:t . c~..:.s~~;
·o· ·
l ,.J .. .... c·"'•
~o;.-
u. ·
r-••1.A.-:~~-. --l- -_......... t•......' . . . . . . .,_ .-:trlit:",...
.. ~~--. ,. ;;;:
- -~ .; ...., .••.• 1 ,'h •. c~~e
. - th··~
-~ ..,. __-.:::'"'4'1'.
c.;.:C"' · _.. . ,.
the cdo.y :!!ne.

As ~iO! s:cp.> condu::~!n,_ , coll.:.ctor \"Ol:a::<J !ncre:.se.; tow::u-ds the 2-t-'folt source
voltage. \Vhen tile .-olt:~:;-: is aLov,; :!le :>r.;:~kcow:: voltage ot the z.. ne r ..llocl<J,
the diode conducts, producing :1 positive output. The positive output gates an
SCR to energize TDR-1 l.mmedl:ltely. The TDR controls the LOR, which deener-
gized the GLC and GCR's. To reset :uter an overvoltage condition, positl.on the
generator control switch to "OFF" then "ON."

t:~'BALA.:\C.CD Cl.iR.R..E.:-.;:- PROTECTIO:\

During generator parallel oper!lt1on, the unbalanced current circuit senses the load
current of each generator. IC the load currents are not equal, an output Is
provided to the protection panel of the faulty generator system. The faulty gen-
erator is dlsco!Ulected from the maln A- C tie bus In :.. 5 seconds. Current is
........' .,
VOL, ID
- !IALANC(O (GEN 3 o rr ) UN!IALAHC(O (otH 3 orr)

~ ) ( ;;; SI<ALL
(_S..A IIG~o (socA
II C SIGNAL

l ~ OPPOSITE
CURRENT
NEUTRA L
CURRENT
IIGRO o. 7.. ~ II C SIGNAL
TO PROT
PANEL

SI<ALL
S IGHAL

CVRROH TRANSf<»4ER LOOP

sensed by current transformers a r ound the phase B fe t!de r of each generat;)r. \\'!:en
the ge nerators are paralleled, t he C AR - 2 and BAR contacts open In a balance-!
current transforn1e-r (CT• c1rcuit. ctu'rcnt is thro ugh tnE- LJ\\ hnped!l.~ct: ..Jf :~..: CT's
b\'J)a;;sim: rhe transforr"er inpt:t of :bt> protection panels. w:~en a~ ur.ba!.Lnct: e:o":~
b~;;C\v~::~:n the geae::ator loads , the cur:-ent chango;; of t.'lo: CT results m cw·,·em 1::!·0ug:!
Lht: !J:ll';ll!eJ t:-ansfor:r.er :Since cht: ::er1es circuit .::.:.:~!·~r.: l.::i ·~.::e-r:1.;~· c~:·:-~nt. :-·.e
:ranslV!"!n~r pr:J\"!d.~s 3.1: in;)~.: :J t.J~ unua lanct.:J o:l.!!·r-c.:: ..•• .;.'_;.!...t. ~-:.: i::pt...: L;;
:
..
eTL
'/ _ __.
•I;1--
---:)-
~ ¥--
A' - I
CT I TIHt :>Cl..I.Y'
--••--<•>-••- - C 111C:.J i i
~
- - , I'

~'¢ J }JcAR-~ I No. 2

rttOERl BAR C401 +J..

-I

•24v>-------------------------~--------_.~

-· UNBALANCED CIJRROIT CIRCUIT

VOL. ill
rectifled, !lltered, and supplied to transistor Q401 , Transistor Q401 and Q402
are normally cutoff. A Zener diode in the emitter circuit of Q401 determlnes the
signal :unplltude necessary before Q401 conducts. The recti.f1er's positive output
c:l.uses Q401 to conduct and breakdown the Zener diode.

The negallve output from the collector of Q401 causes Q402 to conduct, producing
a positivi! output to time delay circuit No. 2. The delay ci.r cuJt controls TDR-Z
which is energized after 8, 5 seconds. The TDR-2 controls the .BTL and .BTC
to disconnect the generator from the main A-c tie bua. The .BTC can be reset by
positioning the .BUS TIE switch to "OPEN'' then "N0fu'\1AL."

Contacts of the energized .BTL open th.e unbalanced curr8llt circuit when the
generator is not paralleled. Contacts of the CAR-2 bypass tho current transformer
when the generator 1s "OFF, " completing the CT circuit for the remaining gener-
ators. The BAR contacts bypass the CT when the generator is operating but not
paralleled (BTC open).

UNDERSPEED PROTECTION

1Jnderspeed protection Is provided by the underspeed switch (L'SS) in the CSD

unJt. At a nozm:l.l CSD oper:l.ting speed above 5700, the switch is opened, allowing
the underspeed relay (USR) to energize. Colltacts of the USR control the GLC
and CAR's

During an underspeed
condition with the generator
In operation, the t"SR con-
tacts st:J.rt the 2- second
timins cycl~: of TDR- :. II
!he CSD remains In the
undersj:eed con~!ioc !or
OJore t.!:.3.n 2 seconCs, :te
~HOE?.SP£!0 CIRCUIT
TDR-1 tll:les out ;o energize
the LOR and disable the
geoer:l.to:r. ne t:SR cooUicts
...! .;:; disable the unciervolt:lGe protection circuit during an underspeed cond!ticn.
0-.-erspeec! protection of tlle genemtl.ng system is not required since the CSD ;md
A.PU are already protected ag:l.1ost the overspeed.

TniE DELAY CIRCUIT NO, 1

':~~e<.te l:.:. ti.'ning is controlled by a resls~or-capacitor network In the el:llt+.er of a

un!junction tro.nsistor (Q70l). The transistor is normally cutoff until capacitor
Q70l charges to a sufficient voltage to overcame the transistor base supply voltage.
The rate o! co.pacltor charge determines del:l.y t1me and is varted by adding
resistors in series with the capacitor. The resistors are selected through contacts
of the protection relays •

3-34
.. VOL. m
 • 24v

·• USJt ::1::.~
L6 SEC
US It~ =-~
2 SEC
] ~
Q701;::::::,
UVIt ;t ~- Ga! - 2 =='- ~ f. t-:-' TOR
\.t::;: '
USR ! .
) '- ,CR
~ ...._

·~
3 st c ....,
L.ol
:-+
!~
. ~
U[lt ~·
C701~! I

I M[ O[LA T
T
c l ltCUIT No. 2 OVt ltVOL TAQ[ CI RCUI T ••
*
l~ ~
- :;I b OR
TIME DELAY CI RCUIT NO. 1

In normal operation, the USR's, UVR, and GCR-2 energ1ze openmg the capacitor
circuit. An underspeed condition causes tbe USR to deenergize, and the capacitor
starts charging. T>No seconds later, capacitor voltage Is sufficient :.o cau.3e the
transir...or to conduct. Base-to-base curren: t.'lr.;u{;h the transistor procuces a
positive outp.Jt, which Is suppllec as a ~at!ng volta~e to 3ll SCR.. Thl3 SCR conduc;s,
ener;;izing TDR-1.

'!'he TDR-1 conUcts control the LOR to disconnect tile generat.>r :u:c to opeD the
TDR-l circuit. During 3ll umlerspeed COilditioll, the USR contacts !n the LOR
holding c!rcuit are open. The LOR is energized t::omenta.r'..ly to d!scon:tect the
ge11erato r. II eDgine .;peed increases :.o no=a.. ~ USR is enerc;i zed anc the
generator automatically connects to the load througn the GLC. The circuit does
not require reset of the Generator Control Switch (GCS) for an underspeed conditioll.

An undervoltage condition causes the circuit to ti:ne out in G sec oDds, energizing
TDR-1. An additional r esistor Is in the capacitor charging circuit to increase time
by decreasing the charging rate. In normal operation, the USR a."ld t.v"'R are deenel'-
(l1zed. During an undervoltage condition, the tNR Is deenargizec.i to start the timinl:
cycle. After G s econds, TDR-1 is energi zed and the generator Is disa.b.led.

The undervolta;e condltton also supplied 24 volts through the USR- UER contacts to
timing circuit No. 2. The ci rcuit times out in 3 seconds to energize TDR-2 Ulld open
the BTC. II TSR-2 clears the undervolt::~ge condition, the tNR Is aguin energ1zed
\._
VOL. ID 3- 35
to stop the Uming of TDR-1. rr TDR-2 does not clear the undervoltage condition,
TDR- 1 times out after 6 seconds to dls:1.ble the gener:ltor. The TDR- 2 timing cycle
does not start lf the UER is energized, preventing loss of the BTC during a
generator underexcitntlon condition.

The circuit can be reset by positioning the generator control switch to "OFF" then
"ON, " and the BUS TIE switch to "OPEN" then "NORMAL." Reset Is required
to break the holding circuit of the LOR which controls the GLC and the holding
circuit of the BTL which c011trols the BTC.

The overvoltage circuit provides an input to the SCR of TDR-1 through an Isolating
diode, De!.a_y time Is determined in the overvoltage circuit. The SCR is gated
into conduction energizing TDR-l. To reset the generator clrouit, the control
switch must be positioned to "OFF" then "ON."

TIME DELAY CmCUIT NO, 2

The circuit of TDR- 2 is s!mllar to the circuit of TDR- 1 e.'tcept !or dmlng. \Y'hen
the generator Is operating normally, the USR and UVE energize. In pa=allel
operation, the ALR is energized due to thcl BTC circuit. The t."ER, :>:CR, DPR
and BTL are normally deenergized.

UN84UNCEO
UtR US~ T I ~E OELAY
CURRENT
CI IICUIT
- J '_ _ _ '--
---;;rr-
'
:-
---< CI~CUIT
HO. 1
(8.5 sc:c)
r-----+----4--------_.--~~------~

HC "' =.\ A
....'

• ~

I
t .~
i<lll
C702i: i-
TIME DELAY CI RCUIT NO. 2

3-3(j \'OL. m
During an Wldervoltage condition, the UVR is deener g1zed !llld the circuit times out
in 3 seconds. The TDR-2 is energized, causing the BTL to energize. The BTC
and TDR-2 circuit is opened and locked out by the BTL. U the undervoltage
condition results from underexcitation, the UER is energized. The UER contacts
open the unriervoltage circuit to TDR-2, preventing the timing cycle. The TDR- 1
circui~ does not time out 1! the undervoltage condition is cleared by TDR-2
since the UVR will energize,

If a diHcrential fault (ground fault) occurs, the Differential Protection Relay (DPR)
is enilrgized. The DLR and LOR in the GLC control circuit lmmedi:ll:ely disable
the generator due to DPR contac.t s. The DPR contacts of tlmlng c1.rcuJt !\o. 2
start the t1min.g cycle. II the fault is cleared by disabllng the generatOr, the
DPR is deenergized and TDR- 2 does not time out. A fault between the GLC and
BTC would not be cleared by disabllng the generator since the main A- C tie
bus continues to supply the load through the BTC. The TDR- 2 circuit times out
1n 0. 4 second after the DPR is energized, opening the BTC.

A neutral cu. rent abnormal condition \\111 energize the ::-ICR, startin;; the :!;:rung
cycle. II too; condition continues for 3 seco.Jds, TDR- 2 i:1 energized, openl:lg
:he BTC.

An unballlllcc~ current c ondition becweeo th" generators operatln!! In para.ld causes

TDR-2 to energize. The parallel t:"enerators norm:t.lly share the loac! equal!\ . !!
an :.mba.a.oce e:ctsts, trans.stor Q-102 conducts. The char;;b;; c !rcu!: <>f :::., :::n:.n;
capacitor !s through die 3 .. r:es resistors :mu :he trans!s:or. TDR-~ !3 E:!:.:r=:z~c!
.~.!:.e~ :l d~l.:ty of -:. j ~c!c unJ~. :1.-'ld :h~ B7C tJ t.,~neU. Th~ c~:cu!t -~ :-esc::. :.~y
positi• n ..., ; :!le Bt'S Tl.C: o w!: ~!! :J " OPS:S'' tht:n ":\OP~:... "

?. E .~.c '!T:E I' :.--3 Cl:l.C: ~ ;

T:-:; Cl:t."J! : t!t 3C/ ,;.[ ~-~~ i)Mt~: t:~wr. pc.."'l~- lS p.:r~t;?::: . . ':i~. :::! WC
!'\«.: ~c :.! c:e B~::15
..: ~~'(" ~!~ c ! tht. \"R unl ... , -::,1n ;,. u:~ 5:l!l!~o: ...:;...·rt:n: t:-:1:1s:orme rs. :'he ·.-n ;.:.":.;. ~l:l.S
o::::sur·.. 3 ~c.ual :-ea.ctivt: ~o:ld sh:t:-in~ 11et"xean ~ener=ttors 1r. oo:-!l:iel. Tho? ?ro-
t,; ...· ~!->n p;:.l.nei L!a.; cn:m_,. ·s t.:!f :·;.:~ :eJlCt! \'o::,1_,;: : .; :t.~ 4J\'t;;!··.-o ..:.t-!..; ..J..,.. .: l..::. C:t;:·-
\'O!t:~.,e seosL'lg c!rc u!ts. 'f'. l., bias :llso coutro ls :.he t.;EP. t:. opec :he uaden·olta;,:e
protectlvn circuit of TDR-~ l.lurl.ng an unJert.::;clmt!on conJ!tion.

Generators In par3.llel ..bare the resistive and :-eactlve loads equall~. If cne
generator bas more or less re:lctlve lo:1d, an lnpt;t Is supplied to tho; protection
p:mel. If the load Is lar:::er th:m th>< lo:~d on the other generators, die react!v"
lJI:ts d<!c:-e::~scs tho; l'Ciuro:nc" \'Oim;:e, lncre:lsln;; ·;olt:~ge a:nplltud.: to th!! O\'l!r-
volt:lge circuit. The overvoltnge protection Is biased closer to the trip point for
the defective system.

Since the generators are par:llleled, the actu:tl hus voltage does not change. The
defective systems generator Is disabled due to the cb:mging reference \'oltage \\'bt!n

VOL. ill
 VOL TAG[ SENS I NG
e¢ TO OVUVOLTAQ[
VOLTAGE )>----------------~ AHO UNOE.VOLTAG[
CI.CUIT

CT
LOOP

+24v
oc
lt[YU[NC[

.;: -:;:-~
I Q202 I

.....:: -·:: . ... ,.......... -·

... .'._.... ... ... -·

. .;::: .lets 01 the GLC or BTC !f tl!e

·-~'1o:r:nor Is not par~l!.,:,,.. ur b., ~:CR
cJnt:lcts ::the neu~ral current is exce~Sl\·e.
The Inputs are applied to tr:msr:ormers, ,,t·id:;c rectifiers, :l.lld filters. The rec-
:ifier outputs are pos!Uve :l.lld res;.;.l.t i:- zero cillfereo~e In potent1:1l. wben voltages
are equ:ll., The ;>:1a.;e B u•v...: ,n·v•l..cco:"' a let·· ,)lot;)at umd th" CT 1:1;>ut w:o:ll.ances
the bridze rectifiers. TI:e !'I!S,.I::u:: ot:t:>Ht :s :1 n~;:tt!ve or positive difference
·:oltage whlcl: Is cot~p::u·ed w .t!1 :he ;;:;o:<.. r~:.:r.,r.ce ,·oltag-e o! Zen.;r diodes. The
dlfferenc" volt:Jge Increases or decreas"s tho: reference voltage of the overvoltage
circuit :l.lld Is the Input to the underexcitation circuit.

The UER Is controlled by tr:mslstors Q20l :l.lld Q~03, which are nonnally cutoff.
If the generator has low excitation, tbe reactive bias output ls 3 positive sign:ll. to

\'OL. ID
the base or A201. A signal of sufficient amplltude wlll cause Q201 to conduct,
turn!ng on Q202. Conduction of Q202 causes Q203 to conduct, energizing the UER.
The UER contacts open the undervoltage circuit to TDR-2 preventing loss of the
BTC during an underexcltation condition. Co.n tacts of CAR-2 bypass Q203 to
k.eep ~e UER energized when the generator is off.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Each. voltage regulator provides automatic regulation of generator output voltage.

The regulators are located In the electrical equlp!llent rack. The regulator main-
tains a constant 115-volt, AC, at the gen.erator terminals under the various
load conditions by sensing output voltage and comparing the voltage with a preset
reference. Excitation to the generator field Is varied to maintain voltage to the
de sired level.

The VR ls a static device consisting of a High Phase Takeover (HPT) circuit,

Zener diode voltage reference, transistor preamplllier, reactive bias, and mag-
netic amplllier. The regulator Input ls PMG voltage, three phase A-C generator
voltage, and a reactive bias current transformer signal. The current transformers
are also used with the -:eactlve bias circuit In the protection panel.

When the generator ls operating. PMG voltage is supplied through GCR contacts
to the VR unit. The PMG voltage is approximately lOS volts, AC, at 1600 Hertz.
The voltage ls rectified and supplied through a magnetic amplllier to t!le exciter
field of the genentor. When excitation Is applied , an A-G output Is o;;tained
from the generator.

AVC. =
~ . ~-
~ \
I'
•
! I
., VOL TAC~

·-
StHS I HG
I i
...,
..... TO A ><PL
II -- ._)I - ~

II
......
....,
--..,
!
HIGH PHASE TAKEOVER (HPT)

Output of the generator is applied as a sensing voltage Into the VR unit transformer.
The transformer supplied the three-phase AC to the hlgh-ph.ase takeover circuit,
consisting of cllodes and filters. The positive half-cycle of each phase Input volt::t:!B
'·
VOL. ID :)-J::
will forward-bias sensing diodes to charge a filter capacitor. The capacitor is
charged to tbe average voltage of the tbree inputs. The high-phase takeover
diodes are reverse- biased by capacitor voltage. The highest phase voltage input
overcomes tbe average capacitor voltage and a diode conducts, charging tbe
capacitor to tbe high-phase voltage.

HPT
I N PUT PHG

R EACT IVE
31 AS

y CONTRO l.
MAGNET IC
AMP I. I r1 ER

1 VOL TAG £
1101. TAGE
REF

1:
A OJ

.l
FEEDBA CK T
• II•

PRE- Aio!PLI F" I e:R - MA~ET I C AMPLI F" I ER

T!l~ sensing output Is f!lterec! :tnc! applied t!~::-ou;;h a •;oltage dinc!.e::- to t.'le :::-:J.."1sls:or
~r.pliller. Ze:11.~r diodes pro,·ioe a cou.s•:m: D-C ::-e."en!nc" sig:lai :o:- :!le =piliie:-
...:l'-! esw.blish the operating poL'1•. The tra.n:ts,or is :~onnally conducting, provldin~;
~u;·rent through tbe control winc!J..ng of the magnetic amplifier. Collector cu::-rent
cot1trols the output of the magnetic :unplifier by controlling its saturation.

\\"iW:; minimum control currc~1t, :he m~t11e:!c ~pi!.f!(;r prn,·tdes t"'..U.'tl!llum :Iver:tf;\.!
cun·ent output. The output is rectified and supplied to the generator exciter field
As trWlsistor current increases, the magnetic amplifier current decreases to
mall:.tain the generator \'oltage at 115 volts, AC.

In generator parallel operation, load sharing is accompllshed by Wl RBC . The

biasing circuit produces a signal proportional to the unualance of re:J.Ctive current
between generators, as detected by the re:lCtive load current transformers. The
bias signal adds to, or subtracts from, the referenc e voltage to change the input
to the ampllfier.

VOL. ill
•.
 a¢
VOl TAQE) > - - - - - - - - - - ,

l
RtACT I V£
ISl A S
TO
PRE-AMPL
CT

~-J
lOOP

REACTIVE BIAS CIRCUIT

The RBC inputs are obtained from phase B of the generator and a reactive bias
current transformer. When the generator is not paralleled, contacts of the BTC
or GLC bypass the CT and the bias circuit Is tnoperatlve. The CT is also by-
passed when the neutral current relay Is energized-

The error signal from tb.e C T' s, due to gener ator reactlve load, Is applied to
transformers and rectifiers. The rectifier outputs are of the same polarity and
result in a zero signal untU tl1e CT lnput unbalances the bridge rectWers. If the
generator !s supplying a larger reactive load, the brlc!ge Is unbah.'1ced and th~
resultant D-C voltage of the reactive bias circliit Is applied to the transistor . .>..a
lncrease 1n transistor collector current causes a decrease il: ~:,:citer i:;l::l cu:·r~::~.
decreasing generator output. I! the generator output Is ciecre:13ed, the <cue
decreases. The pn.rallel generators then pick up more oi the reactlYt: load,
equalizing the load bet'.veen gener :ltors.

LOAD CO:-ITROLLER

The load controller provides an electrical trimming signal to the load- biasing
solenoid of the CSD. The solenoid controls fine trimming of CSD torque which
drives the generator. The load controller varies CSD torque to ensure load
sharing between parallel generators. The load controllers are located 1.D the
electrical equ!pm ent rack.

During generator parallel operation, the load controller receives inputs from
phase A of the generators and from load-biasing current transform ers. The CR
signal consists of the real (watts) and reactive (vars) load components and varies
with the unbalance of load between generators. The phase of the CT signal
!.Ddicates the generator Is supply!.Dg more, or less, load th:ln the other gene rators.
'·../·

VOL. m .. 3-·U
Each CT ls paralleled by contacts of the BTC and GLC , bypassing the CT when
the generator Is not paralleled. The load controller Is used only In parallel opera-
tion.

CT CONUOL
QLC !lTC
......
~

CT LOOP

Vll>--t---'

~OVCII 5TAGt
CONTIIOL Y INOI NC

LOAD CC»>TROLLER INPIJT

The load controller ls a static device contaJ.nJng magnetic ampllflers , phase

~sc:-lclnator. and I'Olta~;e re~ator. ::O.Ia:;netlc ampll!lers are used as a pr~
?.mpl!ft<lr, transient response amplifle!', and power amplifier. The voltage
rec.ulacor pro11des D-C :-eierence vol~:u;es to :be ~plifier w!.ndln;;s.

::O..e ~a3e CJscr!.:n!na.tO!" Lipt.--:s are p~;;..s(.; .\ .. "'u-.,e ~.>1 L!t: e,~nerator ;1.;u: th(:
load blasln;; current transformer signaL Both Inputs are required :o produce
:ta outpUt. The D-C output Is proportlon:ll to the re:U component of the CT Input,
.,.it!: a po::lrin· det.:o=!.;~e<. ln tbe phase of t!le CT L'lpt:!. Til" o~:tpu; polarity
..:.. termlnes 1i CSD torqut! Is to Increase or oecrease.

Discrlmlnlltor D-C output Is supplied to the control winding c ·the preampllfler,

and controls sacuration of ~e magnetic :unplifler. Each magnetic ampllfier
output winding receives :m A-C Input from the power transform e. and uses
~ct1f1ers to provide D-C outputs. The pre::unp operates as a push-pull amplifier
and provides control current to the power st:lge magnetic amplifier.

The power stage output drives the load-biasing solenoid In the CSD unJt to Increase
or decrease CSD torque. An Increase In torque allows the generator to carry a

.. VOL. m
larger real load, equaliziog the gener ator loads. A decrease In torque decreases
the generator load.

<:ONTIIOL SUN <:U IIIItNT

Y INDI NQ Y I NOI NQS
T101 ,..,
~~
Q.ri
~

....
•~ i . ..
...., . I NC
TOIIQU[

.c . .
~

,..,
""~"~
~
~

•tl-, '\ n I•
:j,,.
~
HI•
>--i p ....
OEC
r
CSD T ORQU[
~

~ .. , ,
....
~
III ASI NC
SOL U D I OS

-!
I.
POWER STAGE

The transient response magnetic amplWer controls the response of the magnetic
amplifiers to signals from the current tTansformers. The amplifier prevents
the load controller from responding to signals of short durotlon. The voltage
regulator is a full-wave rectifier and voltage divider, using a Zener diode fo:-
regulation. The D-C voltages bias the magnetic a::npl!!l.er windings for p:-oper
operation.

TitANS I t NT
RtsPONSt
AHIII' L
PowtR STAGC
! SUN CURR U <T

VOLTAGE REQJLATal

VOL. m 3-43
The magnetic amplifiers cont:Un many windings to control the saturable reactor core.
A control winding is the magnetic mnpllfier's D-C input winding. A bias winding
establishes the operating point of the amplifier by biasing the core. Gate windings
have A-C power inputs, and rectifiers to change the A-C to D-C. The gate wind-
Ings are the output windings of each stage. Feedback and frequency response
windings are used for linearity and stability. A sum current winding and balanc~
\'1nding are used to establish the correct output of the ampllf!ers when the CT input
signal Is zero.

AUXILIARY GENERATOR SYSTEM (APR GENERATOR)

The fifth A- C power source is driven by the APU to provide three- phase A- C
power during ground checkout of the systems. The au.xlliary generator cannot
be used in flig!lt and does not parallel With any other A- C power source. The

OP R
PO'oiCR 1-....;~~·-------ljl-----~
P>4Gl SUPP LY 24::' .,
_jGCR-; 128 v TCil-1

VR ·r:. .:. . :_ T:t:s:r:~:•~::~~~~~-~~~-L-O~R:T~-I.~O,:;:.R;_ -GCR_,;72 fGCR\ 'I

I ~ - \2_./,.

CONTRO L
:,:rr
CtNERATOR•
1
··:-;
~r--v-
,
USR
~ i
o/V •
usR~
1.
I 'G9'·~-. J,
~/
'
1

$\.II':"CH ""'.I'
i_____j
~ UVR= = t."C
U3S
(APU ORIY£ ;

s ,...s-~,--~ :.~:'
I
c~r ~ , o-

ON AU.'( '
src •s4k
I
• li· • l':< . ~
I

cs.:.>Jt:R
.S!:..E;T~ R
S•.; ITCH
1 i~
[ XT
Ol
•
I ':2'
o ~~ a.Lor----------------------~
·rjl - -----'@ A U )(
0

AUX GQjERAT~ CQjTROL C IRCU I TS

:J-·1-> . \'OL. m
amdliary generator system consists of a generator, protection panel, and VR
unit. The APU and generator are located in the forward left main wheel well.
The generator is identical to tile main generators, capable of selectively supply-
ing power to all aircraft buses. An APU-driven fan provides coolJllg air for the
generator. The protection panel and VR \Dllt are located in the electrical equip-
ment ~ack.

The auxiliary generator is controlled by both the Generator Control and Power
Selector switches. If the control sWitch is "ON" and the power selector Is in
"AUX," the generator output connects to the main A-C tie bus. The APC is
energized to connect the generator output to the bus. With au.'diiary power in use,
main A-C buses No. 2 a.~~d 3 oan be energized by positioning the Auto Load Dis-
connect switches to "OVERRIDE." The "OVERlUDE" position energized the
monitor relays. The auxiliary generator loadmeter should be monitored as a
precaution against overloading the generator when "OVERRIDE" is used.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

The voltage regulator automatically maintains the generator three-phase voltage

output, 115-volt, AC per phase. The regulator is similar to the main generator
regulator but does not contain reactive biasing since the generator does not
parallel with the other power sources.

GENERATOR PRarECTION P.AJ.'IEL

The protection panel contains the protection and control circuits of the system.
The panel Is similar to the maiD protection panels but contallls few circuits and
rela::s smce paralleling protection :.Ld control are not required. The panel
cont:lins a P}!G, D-C power supply plus individual pluse sensing, undervoltage

LO\oi[ST
A¢ VOL TA.Qt PHASE UHOERVOLTAGt U HOERSPEEO
SEHSIHQ
s¢ SEIOSING CIRCUIT CI RCU IT uss
(u vR) ( JSR )
c))- CI~C:UI"r

US II ;i=usR

UVR
1 GCR-2(2 stc)
HI ~HESTPHASE
6 SEC
TIHE DELAY
SEHSIHG OVER VOL TAQ£
CIRCUIT LOR
CIRCUIT VARIABLE
DELAY (TOR-1)
01rr
LOR
CT rAULT LOR
(O PR)
-

AUX GOIERAT~ PROTECTION CIRCUITS

VOL. II! 3-·15

 with fixed time delay, overvoltage with time delay Inverse to amplitude, Wlder-
speed with fl'Ced time delay , and c!Uferent!al fault protection circuits.

The power supply, individual phase sensing, overvoltage, undervoltage, and

underspeed circuits are basically the same as the main generator protection
circuits. One TDR Is used to control the Al?C. The TDR times out to energize
the 'LOR·,- disabling the generator.

The TDR timing Is Initiated by an undervoltage or underspeed condition. The

overvoltage circuit determines the variable delay which is Inverse to voltage
amplitUde and then energizes the TDR. The underspeed switch is controlled by
the APU to energize or deenergize the USR. To reset the generator after a fault,
position the Generator Control switch to "OFF" then "ON. " The switch breaks
the holding circuit of the LOR in the "OFF'' position.

A c!Uferential fault between the generator and Al'C lznznediately disables the
generator by energizing the LOR. The fault indication Is the same as the other
faults on the au:ill.J.ary generator system, and reset Is accomplished by position-
Ing the Generator Control switch to "OFF'' then "ON." If the fault still exists,

-
the generator Is Immediately disabled.

EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM

The emergency s~·stezn autamatlcallr prov1des A-C and D-C power If the normal
power sources fail. If power to the essential A-C bus ~o. l Is lost, the emerg~n-
cy generator automatically operates. Generator output Is three - phase, 115/200- volt,
AC, at 2 KVA and 2:.-volt, 20-ampere DC. The generator supplies the emergency
ar1d isolated A-C and D- C buses. Emergency power cannot be used to su;:.ply the
other buses or to charge t!1e batte1·y.

::::\iE~CE:\CY G£)-'ERATOR

The emer;;ency generator Is located in hydraulic service center !\o. 2. A four-

pole, Lcmdell-type generator is used. The continuous A-C power output is ~ I;:V.o\.
However, t!le generator !s c::tpabi.~ of ,;u~pl_,·!ng 2. 5 !-.\'.-\for 5 out c!: 3(1 ::r:!:l'Jtes .
.-'\ ~·otor speed of 12 ,000 RPM Is m:1!nt::.lned by a constant-dlspl::tce:nen: h~·draul!c
motor. Generator output voltage is regulated to 116 yolts, AC, by an integr:U
voltage regulator. A fan attached to the rotor provides generator cooling air.

The generator contains a permanent magnet rotor and three sets of stator wl.ndlngs.
The rotor magnetic field strength is var!ed by field excitation current from the
voltage regulator. Three sets of stator windings provide the generator outputs.
The stators provide a three-phase A-C output, 28-volt D-C output, :wd three-
phase sensing voltage Into the voltage regulator.

j 3--!6 VOL, m
..
 VOl TAG£ MOTOR - 9H10-3-33-3
SENSI NG GEN - 8C7-2-34-3
3890059-1 0!5 28v
DC
OU TPIJ T

ROTOR
YOlTAGC
R£GU~ A TOR
EXCITER
r I £lD ~})
~ ~ ~

CU RREI'T
S ENS I NG
( BOOST) •II-__.

The three-phase A- C output Is supplied to the eznergenc,· and l.>ol:lted AC buse~

when the genentor Is op.or:utng, The neutral wire curre::!: o. e:.ch paso~ .s
rectified and supplied Into :he VR as boost current c:r~o~ :l.:l .ver!~a-:.

The three- phase vo!:.age ~en.31Dg w!ndlnciS ;::-:>\·lCe .-\C t: :e; :!:~ ·:c .. ~.:2 r::~:.Uat~:-.
The regulator rectifies the AC to pre vide CR opera:lng ·:ol:::~.::e :lila compares
the sensed voltage ag:linst a zener dlode voltage reference. The re3ult!ng slgn:ll
from the comparison c!rcult Is :unpllf!ed nne supplied :o t!.ol ~xc::=r :o r~ln!!ot"
r.en<:ra:or output volta;;e.

The third stator voltage Is r ectliied Qild supplied to the emergency and Isolated
D-C buses. A full-wave rectlfler changes the AC to 28-volt, D-C output. The
rotor Is the equivalent of a !our-pole magnetic rotor driven at 12,000 RPM to
provide 400 Hertz A-C output. Without excitation, the residual magnetism would
provide approximately 30-volt A-C output. The \"R controb the exciter to m:Un-
tain the output at 116 volts, AC.

FREQUENCY SENSITIVE R ELAY

The Frequency Sensitive Relay (FSR) contallls a voltage sensing clrcult, high- pass
low-pass filter, transistor switch, and relay colls. The FSR scnso~s generator
.,
VOl... m 3-47
 l
I· -1,·
I •' ~ 'I I 0
SOL OC BUS
• I'WR RELAY
I
I r--------.~~~--~----+-------------------~----9---------,
( M(A

[W[-G[NC Y
GfNUATOR
1 lO I
r ----------
~P\)W (A
~ I SWITCH

115v AC
c- r'-<hiW'-----"A...-. -"' _...Sl ~~~------~--------~:
0

~t.[N(M(R
I VI CONT
LOW
PAS$
r t l T[R
_j
I II I
f'SR•
I R(LA"''

I
I
I
I
GLOV
0 I :t CtiJ.tC OC
TU Ul
l
d rll l\IU£JICY SOIS ITIVC RELAY (fSA)
r
 phase C voltage and frequency and Is en ergized when ,·oltage is abo,·e 100
volts, AC and the frequency Is above 3b0 Hz. A 3 to 6-second delay Is provided
in the FSR to prevent relay dropout during a transient voltage or frequency
condition.

As generator voltage builds up, the voltage sensing coil Is energized. The
voltage required to energize the coil Is determined by a glow discharge tube
and Zener diode In series with the coil. Relay contacts connect the high-pass
or low-pass Wter signal to the transistor switch. Above 380 Hertz, the high-
pass filter signal Is rectified, filtered, and supplied to the switch. Thr: positive
rectified voltage causes the unijunction tranaistor and transistor switch to
~ondu!!t• energizing them coll of a polarized relay . The HI relay contacts
close to energlzt! the FSR coil wh.lch controls the generator systeJD. The low-
pass/high-pass filters are switched by the polarized relay !llld the transistor
switch stops conducting. The polarized relay remains In the "HI" position
due to the perm!lllent magnet relay armature.

When frequency decreases below 360 Her-tz, the low-pass filter output Is
rectified, filtered, and supplied to the tr!lllslstor switch. FUter voltage builds
up untU the tr!lllslstors cond~:et, energizing the LO coU of. the polarized relay.
The relay contacts switch to the LO side, deenergtzing the FSR. The FSR contacts
reJDove the generator f:-om the load through the EGCR. The lower frequency
of the low pasa Cllwr anc the filter capacitors provide the 3 to 6-second delay on
relay dropout.

E:.\I ERGEXCY GE~ERA"!'OR CO>:TROL

.:..n e!le!"g:z-:~ ~ ·.,tor-~~ct=ol .solt;;n.o~:i preve~t5 hyc!raull: .tlu.." f::-mn ...::;v!ng :he
h:;~:-:mli~ "":'10! ':.l r, prt:vet:~~ gene!":l~vr o~e:-:tt~on. 1!-:~ sole:Jo.C 1s deene~g!zed
£.!.Ut.: tu .:J::.i . l pv ve.:· :.J ~s3e::;~;al A- ~ ~~·.::, !,v . :, C!· ~~ss of :!:to C!:lc!";e:t~:: D-C
?us . 7:.1..: ~~~~l.:r:.:iz~ · s~l~noh.. Op..!c~ :1 hy~i:-nU:!~ shu:cff va!;.·~ !ll:ow!.:lg tb.e
•:Joto r to operat.J. 7b.:: so~eno!u ls loca:ec! be! ow the rcotor gen., !':ltot·.

d.; c :;o· -::r :c ~!u: ssen:~al A-': ..,,~s ~:c ... :=.!:s. ::b~ E:oo:rz~n c" 9L3 ?owe:- R.ai:t··
_i:?R 1 :.; ... ·•.m·•:- 0 z.~:.. :lei~:. c ·;,n::;.:::.o: ;:.<..l :.:e ::!!"C:.J!:. :_, :.:!~ .solt::::tclc :l!lC tile
c::otor ,;:.a:.s. .\n FSR senses genl:r:~:or- o:::pc: :::-ec;uen~y :.!::r-ou~!l a to·.v- pas;;
high-pass illter. The FSR is energized when frequency Is abo,·e 3SO Hertz and
deenerglzed below 360 Hertz. Tbe FSR cootacts provide a ground to ene rgize
the Emergency Gener:1tor Control Relay (EGCR), and Isolated DC Bus Power
Relay (ffiPR)

The energized !::GCR coDDects the A-C and D-C gE-nerator outputs to the buses.
The eJDergency buses are supplled through the deenergtzed EBPR, and the
Isolated buses are supplied through tbe energized Isolated A-C Bus Power
Relay (IPR) and the Isolated D-C Bus Power Relay (IBPR). The FSR and EGCR

'- VOL. m .. 3--19

 [N[.I I

ESS AC 0.:,. 0111" rs11

·I I 0 ~- -- I I -- - {
IIUS No, 1 INST 1'\111 oo,-,-
SWITCH
[NEll AC
II US

0
orr tMER
I IIST PliR ISOL AC NOliN.
..,. Sli ITCH L--,;..---4-___, IIUS 0 0
0,~
IIOL 84JS [QCR
.,.1'\111 DISC

. . - - - - - - - , EIIPR
NA I" DC tMtll DC
aus IIUS

0
NORN .
RCCR

oc
BUS

Oo4ERGEHCY GDIERATaq COfl"RRL CIAOJITS

:u-e located lo the ;;enera.tor control box wltb..lo bydraulJc serv1ce cen:er ::\o. 2.
The bus power relays are behind the emergency circuit breaker panel In the
fllght station.

The "EMER" position of the switch deenergizes the EBPR to start the generator.
The "OFF" position prevents use of the emergency generator with a load by
opening the EGCR circuit but does not prevent gell8rator operation.

An EMERGENCY POWER test switch, located on the electrical control panel,

is used to check the generator 'loi thout a load. The voltmeter and frequency
meter can be used to monitor generator output. The "TEST" position removes

3-50 . .. VOL, ID
emergency D-C bus power from the solenoid to start the generator. The output
of the generator will not connect to the buses In "TEST'' since the TEST RELAY
opens the IPR and IBPR to the Isolated bus. Power from the emergency gener-
ator cannot reach the emergency bus due to open contacts of EBPR.

An Isolated bus power disconnect switch can be used to disconnect the Isolated
buses from the emergency generator. The "OFF'' position deenergizes the
IBR, and IBPR. The relays prevent generator power from reaching the isolated
buses, and the emergency buses remain energized from the emergency generator.

NAVIGATION BUSES
EPR 2 E:PR 4
The avionic buses are
11nere:lzed from the prl-
m:u·> but> pr>wer sources. tSS AC tSS AC
The Pha!. .. A navig:~tlon IIUS I sus 2
buses are normally ener-
gized throu~ the Naviga-
tion Bus Power Relay
{NBR). -Tbe NBR Is eoer- A<: At
AV IONI CS AV ION ICS
r;ized from the emergency IUS I IIUS 2
D-C bus when the normal
power sources are operat- II :~
--.-- NPR -11 NPII
Ing. The n:lvlgatlon buses
are normally supplied PHAS t A PH ASE A
power from the A-C o.vioo.ics HAV IIUS I IIA V IIUS 2
>US :\v, 1.
NAVI GATICH 9US POWE:R SCU!CES
! · ctlt: err: er;:eo.c :· c;ent:rator
:.; oper::mng, the :'\BR is
de.:ncrgized. Tbr; :\BR opens the circuit to the Pb~e A navigation bus ::\o. 1. and
connects Pb~e A na.vlgation bus No. 2 a.~·ionics bus No. 2. The avloo.ics bus
::\o. 1 is supplied irom essentlnl A-C bus No. 2 which may stUl be energized,
even though >he o1me!'b9!lCY generator Is operating. The emerg-ency ;;enera.ror
Is controlled by loss oi power to essentlnl A-C bus ::\o. 1.

FUGBT ENGINEER"S ELECTRICAL CONTROL PA.'ffiL

The control switches, selectors, and Indicators necessary to monitor and maln-
to.ln control of the electrical power system are on the flight engineer's electrical
control p:lllel.

AC METERS

The output frequency :md phase voltage of nll gener:Jtors or external A-C power
can be monitored on the frequency and volt meter through switch selections.
..
VOL. m
 Q[N
No.3

Q[N 3
.. G[N 20 0 0 0 0 o GEN 4
G[N 10 ------
0 0
- ------
0 0 o • ux
[lUll 0 0 0 0 0 O [XT

• c: VOLT
""o rRtQ
A~ a¢ c~
StLEC:T .

"""'''
5EL£C:T

•I II

AC lo4£TERS

The system to be monitored Is selected oc the AC VOLT & FRE(( SELEC7 switch
and phase on the PHASE SELECT swltoh. During parallel operation, tbP. volt-
meter reading Is the voltage of the parallel generators, not the selec t~d generator.
l'!olnted oper:rtlon, or "TEST" of the generator ls used to obtain a single generator
llldlcatlon.

0-C ~IETERS

Vol ::a~;.: oi :1ll D-e sources m:1y be checked on the D-C volt meter t!lrou¢ c!:e
DC \"OLT SELECT switch. Batter:. "IOlUge n::ay be read on tht= lso!:ned D-C
'Jt:.; ·A·ben ti".e TP. units and emer;;enc: 6ener:nor are not operatl.n;,. Tho! ~at:e::
ow::ch n::ust be poslt!onec! to "Ol\," .:ner:;i:!ln; t~e isolate~ D-C !)~.;., ~.:-o~ >::t::::::.
\"Ol t:l~e.

Two D-C load meters t.ndlcate ;be

I
150L BUS percent load on each TR uru;. A
100 percent readlng b equ:l.! to
-j.~
!IUS 1 .. " ' ' " ~00 amperes. The reading Is
provided by a meter shunt In
~ ~~~..s''2 - series with the TR unit g:rowui
EL ~ OC: VOLT.
wire.
5tLtC:T
CSD MONITORING

Each CSD unit has a temperature

lndlc:rtor , warning Ug:bt, !Uld
DC METER disconnect switch. The Indicator

.. VOL. ID
and warning light are controlled by CSD oil temperature. The CSD ovc:1·heat
switch closes above 179 • C to illuminate the warning light. The CSD DI3C
switch controls a solenoid In the CSD unit. If the switch Is actuated while D-C
power Is available, the CSD will be disconnected. The CSD remains disconnected
until the manual lever on the CSD Is reset.

TR UNIT

" ETtR
SHUNT

LOA[)o4£T £R CSD OIL TD4P

'

DC

L ----
CSD OVf:RHEA T

cso
0 I SCOHN tCT
S"'IT CH
cso
DISCONN ECT
SOL£HO I O

CSD D1SC()jNE:CT

'•
VOL.. W 3- .jJ
 GENERATOR MONITORING

Each main generator and auxiliary gener:~tor Ius a GEN FAIL light, loachneter,
generator OFF light, and control switch. The fall light illuminates due to a
mechanlcal circuit In the generator when the generator bearings fail. The load
may be removed from the generator by moving the control switch to "OFF," or
the ge,nerator can be stopped by disconnecting the CSD. The auxiliary generator
can be stopped by turning the APU to "OFF. "

The generator loadmeter indicates percent load , with 100 percent equal to 50KVA.
During normal parallel operation, the main generator load meters should read
the same. The loadmeter reading is provided by a current transformer aroW1d
the Phase A feeder of the generator.

CO EH T.l:e generator OUT ll~t illuminates

r--tCrttOER
~---~ A~ through GCR- 1 or DLR contacts when
the protection circuits trip the gener-
CURRENT
TRAMS- ator. The light is extinguished by
FORM ER placing the control switch 1n "OFF. "
If a g=-ound fault exists, the light
remains illuminated In "OFF' due to t.i-te
LOAC)!ETER DLR W1til reset Is accor:1pllshed. The
al.L'ctllary generator Ou'T light Is
extinguished In th.e "OFF" position of
the control switch since the aux.Ulx-y
generator does not have a DLR The bu.s tie OPEN Ught '.s Identical to t!le
generator OUT light but is controlled by nonnally closed BTC comxts.

' ------'
I

¢~-. . .!. ._.:}1t-k~r~oN~o

.._ _ _ _ _ _ __J
GCR-1 lo rr~l·
TEST

CE)j ERATCR OOT Ll GHT

(
... _ ....
.. VOL. Ill
 4
CAR-3 CONTACTS USCO
I N UCN ,.llOT ,.ANU
(1-4 )
..
HOlliN ,

ISOL OC
orr o
IIUS Nil OI SC
IIVS tP'C (MA I N AC 2 &3

AUTO-LOAD
0 I !C
ORN. -
OVtllllliO[

MOCITCR RtLAY CCHTROL

AUTO LOAD DISCONNECT SWITCHES

The ::-lo. 2 and ~o. 3 malo generator systems have auto load-disconnect switches
to ~rmit override of the monitor relays. The relays :u-e nor:nal!;: ener;;izec
mrougb two series CAR-3 con:acts of the protection panels. Two or more ma.Ln
;senerators In operation close the CA...'q.-3 contacts to energl~e t!le relays.
External power :llso ener~zt!s tbe relays through E PC cootac:s. T~e at:U> lo~.:
disconnect switch Is used 'o bypass the CA.R-3 contacts (override) to energize
~.e ::nool:or relays.

'I!le A-C bus OFF warnU:; llg!lts a=e ;:»rovi.:!ed for :no.J.c A-C buses ~o. 1 and .; .
e~sect!:ll A-C =:,:,..;es ~;\J. _ :t."'li.. ~, ~d ' .3o .. :.:e A-C bu3. ~~ u:r:: !!;h:s a:e
cont:"oll~d by bus OFF lod!cator :·ei~,: s ',\'illch set:se the threto-pilD.se bus volt;lge.
The relays are ener Jzed when bus volcage Is normal. Rootlilers change the
0

thre~r-pbnse bus voltage to DC for the relay coil. When the bus fa!ls or has low
voltage (thre~r-phase average below 90 volts AC), the relay ls deenerKtzed and
the Ught Wu.minates. The relays a.re located ln the !light sta.Uon relay panel
below the fiJght engineer's table.

VOL. m
 r- .,
I
I
0 f" f"
I I
I I
I
$----10
1 A2
I
DC

.
eus orr
L----- ..J INO IIELAY I
I
BUS "OfT" INDICATOR
I
L_ --'
M "~" INOICAT<:~ RELAY

The essential bus Indicator lights are OFF - GEN 1 and GEN 2 for essential
bus 1. The essential bus No. 2 lights are OFF - GEN 3 and GEN 4. The OFF
light is illuminated through the deenergized bus off Indicator relay when the
bus source falls. The GEN 1 l!ght Is lllu.m!nated through the energized bus
off lndlc:ltor relay , deenergized EPR-2 and energized EPR-1. The bus !s
supplied power fr om generator .:-lo. 1.

ESS AC !IUS 1 tSS AC BUS 2

or-r I NO R.CLA Y Ortr IHO RI:I..AY
::II< • Ar
·II
~I
0~

7
1~
EPR 2
'
I 1~
EPR 1
"---1 !--
I
7
J:t
,,
EPR 4
~3
~
7 v3
eus orr
LIGHT
GtN'
LIGHT
1
"
G£11 2
L.l ~T
aus orr
LI<OHT
G(N 4
LIGHT
c:I£N
LIGHT

E5S 3US 1 :.1 GIT3 ESS 9US 2 LIGHTS

The GEN 2 light Is illuminated through the deenergized EPR-1. The bus Is
supplied power from Generator 2. All three lights extinguish when the main
A-C tie bus has a power sou!'Ce due to the energized bus of! Indicator relay and
EPR-2. The essentl:ll bus ~o. 2 lights function the s:1me as bus 1 using EPR-3
and EPR-4.

The Isolated A-C bus off Indicator relay is energized by three-phase A-C voltage
from the isolated A-<; bus. The relay controls the Isolated A-C OFF light. The
E.MER PWR and !SOL AC BUS light Ulu.ml.Date when the emergency generator is

~-56 VOL. ill

 supplying power to the bus. The lights are controlled through the energized IPR.
The EMER PWR EMER AC BUS lights llliunlnate when emergency bus Is supplied
power from the einergency generator. The lights are controlled through the
energized EGCR and deenergized EBPR. An EMER PWR ON light, located on
the pilot's Instrument panel, also illuminates to Indicate einergency power Is
supplying the einergency A-C bus. The light Is In parallel with emergency bus
u~_s.

BUS POWER DISCONNECT SWITCHES

The disconnect switches are provided to reinove the bus load quickly In case of
a fire or einergency condition. The main A-C buses No. 2 and 3 switch In the
"OFF'' position opens the monitor relays, disconnecting main A-C buses No. 2
and 3. The main A-C buses No. 1 and 4 switch opens GLC's l and 4 and BTC' s
1 and 4. disconnecting main A-C buses No. 1 and 4. The essential buses
switch opens GLC-2 and GLC-3, deenergizlng the essential A-C buses
and main A..C tie bus by deenergizlng EPR- 1 and E:pR- 3.
-
The main A-C bus disconnect switches should be "OFF" before the essential
buses' disconnect switch is effective In generator parallel operation. The
isolated-bus switch deenergizes the isol:tted A-C and D-C power relays (IPR
and mPR).

The switch connects the Isolated buses to the normal system by deenerglzlng
the relays. I! the nonna.l p~er source Is operating, the switch ho.s no effect
and the Isolated buses remain energized. The emergency generator must be
the only power source before the Isolated bus disconnect Is effective.

\. ..
VOL. m 3-57
 OP EN NOIIW PilOT PilOT HOIIM. OPCN
8TS·1 o PANEL PANEL 0 BTS-4
0 2 3 0
NOIIW . OPCN OPEl< HOAM

GCS-2 GCS-3
0 0
OFF ON ON OFF

orr NORM . WAIN AC

0 0 1 &. 4 0 ____ '!_ c?
BUS~It
DISC.
us
ON IIUSSU
PilOT DISC.
PANEL orFo 0
1 0
GCS-1 OFF

WA t N AC
-
tl
....--__,· t........
2 &. 3 3 . I
II US """'
...----+--

~
:liSC ---~ ....... ~

·-l
orr
--~1
3 NORM . 3
0 4
.....J.
OC 1lt--E-P-C-12 ~ ........,2 1
oc
+ tPC

k""' ~
LOAO
DISC.
OVERR I OE

NOT£: 1-4 15 CAR-3 CONTACTS

OF PIIOTtCTION PANELS
l::~.
DVERIIID[ LOAD
DISC.

BUS POW~ OISCCIIN£CT

•.
3-5h
Vt1 L, W