European Scientific Journal October 2016 edition vol.12, No.

29 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431

Satire as Tool of Political Cartoons in the Nigerian

National Dailies: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Usman, Salisu Ogbo, PhD

Department of Political Science, Kogi State University, Anyigba
MomohTairu Nuhu
Public Relations Unit, Kogi State University, Anyigba

doi: 10.19044/esj.2016.v12n29p124 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n29p124

Abstract
This work is an analysis of the use of satire as a form of imagery to
depict some political issues in cartoons as featured in the Nigerian national
dailies. Survey method of research design was adopted as a means of
sampling copies of national dailies from which political cartoons were
selected, while Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was adopted for the
analysis of data gathered. Findings reveal images of corruption, official
responsibility, political failure and brutality/cruelty/suffering as the dominant
concerns of the cartoons featured by the papers. While the corrupt postures
of those who have links with the past government are dominant in the image
of corruption portrayed, both those in and out of government are subjected to
some satiric expose in respect of official responsibility, failure in politics and
brutality/cruelty/suffering. At the end, it is recommended, among others, that
more searchlight should be focused on the corrupt tendency of those still in
power, and that more research efforts be devoted to the use of political
cartoons to encourage citizen participation in national discourse.

Keywords: Anti-establishment; Critical Discourse Analysis; Humour;

Political Cartoons; Satire

Introduction
Political cartoons are effective means cartoonists use to express their
thoughts and ideas about political issues, events or personalities in a
particular period in a playful manner (Becker, 1959; cited in Sani et al 2012).
They are openly and discreetly used to make compelling statement and
provide specific knowledge on contemporary socio-political issues. The goal
of political cartoon is to raise public consciousness using figurative tone and
graphical imageries to address crucial issues and criticize political leaders
and their contemptible practices. In other words, the genre serves as a

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medium of political reporting, articulating a particular message from a

particular point of view using language and imageries as prime tools.
In the views of McNair (2011: 67-68), the media are active in
defining political ‘reality’. Such definition is sieved on the altar of news-
gathering and production; and in the end, the audience is presented with a
‘finished’ articulation of what ‘really’ matters in political affairs at any given
time. In other words, journalists communicate the ‘meaning’ of politics by
inserting the events of political life into narrative frameworks which allow
them to be told as news stories. By extension, such articulation find their
way into a caricature of major issues and actors, either implicitly or openly,
with the overall goal being the exposure of some follies and the teaching of
some moral (and legal) compass in politics. In effect, just as some news
stories are shaped by dominant narratives, cartoon can be used to frame
leadership crisis in political parties, communicative failure in government,
unmitigated policy disaster, or to set alternative policy agenda, etc.
In view of the fact that their contents are mostly expressed through
visual illustrations, political cartoons are best understood through
investigation of incorporated visual rhetoric. Researches have shown that
political cartoonists dominantly employ satire and attendant humour to draw
the attention of the public. As a consequence, the communicative functions
of humor and satire and the attendant visual power have made political
cartoons an interesting research field across academic disciplines. While
satire offers witty criticism of societal follies by the use of irony or sarcasm,
it puts the icing on the cake through deliberate injection of humour. Hence,
satire as embedded in political cartoon exposes the various societal follies of
political actors (Bal et al, 2009). Therefore, the prime goal of satire is to
safeguard normative boundaries of society by denouncing societal follies and
promoting standard of social norms and values of a given society. When
employed in political cartoons therefore, satire (and by extension, humour)
raises the tempo of entertainment, critical reasoning and evaluation, but
without undermining the need to get the message across to politicians,
government functionaries and the entire citizenry
Historically, political cartoon is recognized as one of the earliest
forms of political satire (Townsend et al., 2008). The basis of satire as a
fundamental ingredients of political cartoon today largely depends on the
criticism of the injustice and the abuse of power usually perpetrated by those
in power or the dominant ruling party (Bal et al., 2009).In recent years, there
has been an increasing research on political cartoons across disciplines. This
has made political cartoons a potent interdisciplinary research field crossing
different research boundaries such as education, sociology, sciences,
psychology, health research, pragmatics, communication etc. This growing

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research interest demonstrates that political cartoons have become a distinct

and established genre within media discourse.
Some research interest focus on the role of editorial cartoon in
shaping socio-political movement (Steuter, 2004); while some view it from
the perspective of criticism of political leaders, politicians and political
parties (Lamb, 2004). However some delve into a much more complex issue
involving the overall political atmosphere as featured, the literary and
cultural allusion employed, personal character traits and situational themes
(DeSousa, 1981).
In view of the goals of political cartoons which are principally
weaved around criticism of political leaders or political decisions, it is
important to see how the genre has been adopted by the media in their
coverage of the Nigerian democratic activities, actions of politicians,
government policy direction and perception of the citizenry in recent time.
This is because there are as many controversial issues as there are political
development in the country under democracy. Not all decisions of
government are acceptable by the populace or the opposition, just as not all
criticism are taken by the government or democratic institutions or political
parties in good faith. In the midst of all these, the media step in from time to
time to make their position known, albeit in a caricature tone. Such
depictions could heighten the tempo of empirical enquiry and widen the
scope of political discourse.

Objectives of the Study

In general terms, the research intends to make a critical analysis of
how satire as a form of imagery is used to depict some political issues in
cartoons as featured in the Nigerian national dailies. In specific terms,
however, the focus of the study includes the following:
a. To examine the dominant imageries in political cartoons as featured
in the Nigerian national dailies;
b. To determine whether the imageries conveyed by political cartoons
are pro - establishment or anti-establishment;

Research Questions
a. What forms of imageries are dominant in the political cartoons
adopted by the Nigerian national dailies?
b. Are the imageries adopted pro-establishment or anti – establishment?

Methodology
A combination of Survey Design and Critical Discourse Analysis is
adopted for data collection and analysis in this study. Survey method was
used to sample copies of national dailies from which political cartoons were

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selected. The dailies selected in this regard are the The Nation, National
Mirror, and Leadership. They were purposively selected in view of their
blunt visual representation of political characters and issues by means of
pocket size cartoons on their back pages.
Therefore, the cartoons chosen are the pocket cartoons usually
featured at the bottom corner of back pages of the dailies. The cartoons are
titled Ripples, 9jaman, and Ghana Must Go for The Nation, National Mirror
and Leadership respectively. These cartoons were chosen in view of their
precise but witty depiction of situation (s) being framed. Copies of the
dailies were selected from the month of January 2016. The shorter timeframe
was to ensure utilization of compactness of issues depicted and how they are
reflected in the overall frame.
Critical Discourse Analysis on the other hand was used for the
analysis of the selected contents. It is a method for examining the role of
language in the production and transformation of social representations of
reality (Carvalho, 2008). The assumption of Critical Discourse Analysis is
that the construction of news by journalists is not an isolationist exercise; it
involves the mediation of other social factors, making journalism
dialectically tied to the society. The Analysis therefore examines news
media texts beyond their lexical structure and modality by interpreting the
text against the social contexts in which the texts are produced.

Data Presentation
The text of the cartoons used are those found in the available copies
of the three national dailies for the months of January, 2016. The editions
(date of publications), news/issues and cartoon depictions of news situations
which are analysed in this work are tabulated and presented asAppendix.
Note that N/A stands for copies not available at the time of gathering the
relevant data.

Discussion of Findings
As earlier indicated, a cardinal objective of this study is to examine
the dominant imageries in political cartoons as featured in the Nigerian
national dailies. Certain imageries are portrayed in the data gathered in this
regard. These include the pervasive image of corruption, image of official
responsibility, image of political failure and image of
brutality/cruelty/suffering. The critical portrayal of these imageries revolves
around political parties, institutions of governments, political titans across
party divides and even religious groups.

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Image of corruption
Themost dominant image portrayed in the sampled cartoons is the
image of corruption. In the cartoons, moral image of corruption as portrayed
vividly captured some dominant issues in the political discourse within the
period. Of those issues, however, the 2.1 billion dollars arms deal scandals
involving a former National Security Adviser, Col SamboDasuki happens to
be the most prominent. Through the cartoons, the papers appear to ridicule
some personalities and socio-political institutions presumed to have some
form of connection to the alleged massive fraud.
At the personality level, those who receive the satiric hammer of the
papers include the media Director of the ill-fated Jonathan re-election
campaign, Femi Fani-Kayode, the National Publicity Secretary of PDP,
Chief OlisaMetuh, veteran politician, Chief OluFalae and former Governors
of Rivers and Oyo States, Dr. Peter Odili and Chief Rashid Ladoja.
FaniKayode’s attempt to absolve the Government of wrong doing in the
arms scandal is greeted with the derision, “Please ignore this news … silence
is the best answer to a f…”. This is perhaps a vague reference to
inconsistency and doublespeak that seems to have become a trademark of his
personality; hence, Nigerians are asked not to listen to him as he is not
worthy of trust. The disdain is even extended to the point the cartoonist has
to deploy the “f” word.
Another personality that catches the fancy of the papers in the
portrayal of the scandal is the National Publicity Secretary of the PDP, Chief
OlisaMetuh. His ordeals while in the EFCC net is captured this way: “Metuh
kept with 419 suspects –news”. To one of the dailies, this amounts to “family
reunion”. In the view of the papers, therefore, there is no difference between
Metuh and 419 suspects. Again, when Metuh expressed the hope that PDP
would capture power in 2019 immediately after he was released, the papers
rhetorically quipped: “so that he will steal more?”
As for Falae, Odili and Ladoja, the satiric lenses of the papers see
them in a multiple of ways that simply defines corruption and reinforces their
involvement in the scandal. Here is how they are portrayed either
collectively or individually:“You are just using “ogboju”…what you
collected is blood money and it must be returned” (that is for Falae), “you
must drop that money or else 10 million Nigerians‘ll march on Akure!”
(Falae again,) “They ask you to chop it! (still for Falae), “Yes… and they
must refund with interest” (for Falae, Odili and Ladoja)
Apart from individuals, political and religious institutions are not
spared of the papers’ big hammers by way of ridicules on the arms deal
scandal. The targets in this regard are the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP),
the Accord Party, the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) and the
Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN). When PDP criticized the handcuffs

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of its National Publicity Secretary by the EFCC, the cartoon response is for
them to “cover your faces in shame instead of kicking”, and the Accord
Party’s attempt to say that the supposed arms deal money was meant for
campaign, they are simply asked to “return that money and stop telling us
tales by moonlight”. The PPFN and CAN’s attempt to deny involvement in
the “Dasuki Largesse” was greeted with either “It is impossible, Nigerians
can’t be deceived” or “Ha HaHa, I dey laugh ooo… but time will tell”. The
summary of all these is that the words of the parties and the religious groups
cannot be trusted. The only thing that matters, in the view of the papers, is
for the money to be returned.
In addition to the corrupt portrayal of the arms deals, there are other
general corruption issues involving individuals and organisations that the
dailies portray. For instance when PDP declares their interest to support
Buhari to end the insurgency in the North East, they are asked to do so “By
returning all stolen loot!” By implication, if they return the money, it will
assist in the fight and the reconstruction efforts which they claim to support.
Even the reports that “Federal Govt has no record of its workers”is greeted
with the jeers: “I bet there (are) more GHOSTS than workers”. When the
Trade Union Congress (TUC) calls the “N47.5B for lawmakers’ cars
wasteful” the papers express surprises cynically thus: “N45.5b?...God
Deyooooo!”
A former President of Nigeria, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo is also not
spared of the ridicule linked with corruptive souls. Obasanjo, it was reported
sometimes ago, had obtained a Masters degree in Theology. But one of the
dailies would rather cynically ask: “with Specialisation in Satanic Verses?”
Ordinarily, a person in search of theological knowledge should be a man
considered to be after God’s own heart. Ironically, in this circumstance,
Obasanjo’s knowledge is seen from an entirely opposing perspective; a
perspective that either questions the former President’s moral standing or
disposition to the moral of others. In other words, the question the cartoon
has not addressed is whether it is Obasanjos’s moral standing that is being
questioned or it is his pursuit of a mission to see others through the premise
of moral rectitude.

Image of Responsibility
Another dominant image portrayed in the cartoons sampled is the
image of official responsibility. Government has a mandate to deliver certain
responsibilities. But the delivery of such responsibilities is bound to draw the
attention of the public, and to be scrutinised appropriately. The media in this
regard is well positioned to act in public interest. A lot of issues dealing with
such responsibilities are raised in the cartoons under analysis. One of such

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comes up when the Governor of Osun State, Rauf Aregbesola“tasks workers

on dedication”. The papers in response quips thus: “Remember, an (sic)
hungry man is an angry man”. This implies that workers should be paid their
rightful dues as they cannot perform on empty stomach. Osun State, it should
be recalled, had at a point gained notoriety for backlog of salaries running
into several months. The issue is closely related to the assertion of the
Minister of Information, Lai Mohammed that “Workers welfare is our
priority”, which aptly gets this reply from the dailies:“I hope he is aware of
salary backlog?” In another development, when the immediate past
Governor of Kogi State, Idris Wada says “We used 85% of our revenue to
pay salary, what he gets by way of reply is a rhetorical “So what?” In other
words, the public should be saved that explanation as it is the responsibility
of Government to pay those on its payroll.
Again, the former ruling party, PDP has come under media
searchlight on this score. Important comments and issues related to the party
come under scrutiny here. The PDP for instance, commented that the 50
kobo reduction in petrol price is “too little to cheer”, and the party is quickly
reminded to explain “Why didn’t they tell Obasanjo and Jonathan that?” It
should be recalled that both Obasanjo and Jonathan increased pump price of
the product without being questioned by the PDP while they were in power.
So in the view of the papers, what moral ground do they have to query a
reduction in price no matter how little? When the party expressed its need for
a “new constitution to perform”, the reply is “When did you know that?”; a
veiled reference to a party that has abandoned its responsibility to chart a
better course for itself over the years until it eventually lost grip of power at
the centre. The issue of abandonment of responsibility also surfaced as the
National Publicity Secretary of the Party, OlisaMetuh remained a guest of
the EFCC inKuje Prison. The Party in a report said “We won’t provide
sureties for Metuh” and they get this question in reply: “He is an abandoned
property?” And as the party set its machinery in motion for the emergence
of a new National Chairman, the papers by way of ridicule suggested just
one candidate thus: “Orubebe is the most credible!” or “Can anyone be
better than Orubebe?”Orubebe it should be recalled, came into limelight
because of a vehement attempt to disrupt the compilation and announcement
of results of the 2015 general election. How can such a figure who is
antithetical credible democratic norm, be therefore suggested to head a
democratic institution? The answer is in one phrase: ridicule of the party.
The ruling party’s (APC) sense of responsibility is also called into
question. In a reference to a report that “FG Balmes Jonathan for fuel
Scarcity”, the papers quips “But you promised change ehn…” In effect, the
party is being asked to start implementing its change agenda instead of over
flogging a dead horse. When tax experts said that “Nigerians pay lowest

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taxes”, the papers’ reply is“Why not? Their take home cannot take them
home.” In other words, Government should ensure a better pay package if
they want higher tax returns. On the “Armed Forces Remembrance Day” one
of the papers wondered if it “Is it still worth dying for Nigeria?”.This
somehow implies that those who died for Nigeria did so in vain. When the
European indicated readiness to assist Nigeria fight Boko Haram, the papers
quip: “Haba, everything is imported…it is imported military power again!”
The Governor of Ekiti State, AyodeleFayose, is also not spared. So
when he declared that “I will continue to prosecute meaningful programs for
Ekiti People”, the answer he gets is “by talking anyhow?” Fayose is known
for his combative political disposition and controversial utterances. The
cartoon has therefore portrayed him as someone who talks anyhow and
whose utterances might stand in the way of “meaningful programs” he
promised.
Image of Corruption and Responsibility is also reflected in the story
captioned “Buhari: Corruption in NNPC worse than arms scandal”. While
the original story as captioned evokes corruption, there is a responsibility
dimension evoked by the newspapers’ retort: “We all know! Clean up the
rot”. This in effect acknowledges the nagging case of corruption in the
industry as a given, but that what was important was for government to
tackle it and stop talking about it. This is a jibe directed at the President
himself.

Image of Political Failure

Another image deployed by the papers in their cartoon depictions is
the image of political failure. Just as it is with images of corruption and
responsibility depicted, the target of the image of political failure are
individuals and political institutions. A notable individual whose failure
captured the imagination of the cartoonist is a former Governor of Bayelsa
State, Timiprye Silva. He was reported to have said that “I don’t need
Jonathan’s wife to win”. But when he lost, he got this stinker from one of the
dailies: “Badmouth! No wonder, you lost.”.When Bode George said after the
2015 general election that “Me, Obanikoro and Others could not win Lagos
for PDP because of Buhari”, the response is“What is this man saying?” The
implication here is that the statement does not really make any sense as it
was widely known that Buhari’s populism was part of the strategies
deployed by APC to win election. In essence, the statement was a platform
of confusion generated by the loss.
The failure of PDP as a party also features prominently in the
cartoons. The portrayal is captured by the expressions in the parenthesis
following each of the news issues thus: “Nigerians will beg PDP to return-

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PDP chieftain” (Who is this clown?); “PDP nearly crashed Nigeria” –Hon
Kaugama (Nearly?); “Nigerians will beg PDP to return” –PDP Chieftain
(fa,fa, foul…even if you use juju for Nigerians)); “Saraki, Dogara, Atiku,
others will soon return to PDP” –Senator Nnaji.(You plan to kidnap them?);
“Nigeria will beg PDP to return” –PDP chief (Return to do what?…to finally
bury the economy?); “Declaring Yahaya Bello Gov-elect a waste of time” –
PDP (Why are you vexing?); and “New petrol pump price deceptive” –PDP
(Doubting Thomas!).
A critical look at the portrayal of these issues reveals the image of a
party that has failed and therefore lost touch with reality. For instance, the
rhetorical expression “nearly?” in response to “PDP nearly crashed Nigeria”
is suggestive that the party has really crashed the country, making the word
‘nearly’ superfluous within that context. And on the issue of politicians that
had left its fold returning, or Nigerians begging the party to return to power,
the jeering remarks that follow are an indication that Nigeria has moved
beyond the party and they can be no possibility of going back to such era.
The “Why are you vexing?” as a remark in respect of PDP’s criticism of the
declaration of Bello as Governor of Kogi State only portrays the party as
sore loser; ditto for biblical allusion to “doubting Thomas” which follows
the deception story in respect of fuel price fixing.

Image of Brutality/Cruelty/Suffering
Imageries depicting brutality, cruelty, and suffering are also reflected
in the cartoons as captured by the dailies. One of such was drawn by a report
attributed to Lagos State Police Commissioner that “295 policemen were
killed last year”.In response, the papers quip: “and how many innocent
Nigerians were maimed by policemen?” This response is thought provoking
in view of the mutual suspicion that has characterized the Police-Public
relationship over the years. In this regards, there is hardly a month in Nigeria
that cases of police brutality, some resulting in fatality, are not reported. So if
the police that is employed to defend tax payers on whom he depends for
survival would have to resort to unleashing terror on the same tax payer on
slightest excuses, then that gulf would continue to widen. It is therefore not
surprising to hear the question demanding clarification on the number of
Nigerians that died in the hands of policemen, and not just the policemen that
were killed.
There was also a report on a “Nigerian beaten to state of coma in an
Asian country”. The papers reflection on this story is “Lucky guy, here,
Nigerians are beaten to state of full stop!” There is a subtle attempt to play
on words here. Literally, “Coma” is a medical state of unconsciousness for a
long time. But the reference to “full stop” has no form of association with the
word in that literal sense; rather the reference only invokes a similarly

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sounding punctuation mark “comma” which is almost the opposite of “full

stop” within that context. Therefore, there is an attempt to inject humour
through such words usage without undermining the original message of the
cartoon. The original intention here is a juxtaposition of “unconsciousness”
(coma) and “full stop” which in this case is a metaphor for death. In other
words, the cartoon is saying that the Nigerian in that Asian country was
lucky to have been beaten to a state of unconsciousness as he would been
beaten to death if it were to be here in Nigeria. This analogy depicts the
image of a Nigeria charaterised by brutality.
Image of cruelty or callousness is also captured by the story on
petroleum products marketers who defied government order to sell petrol
above N86.50. While the story in its original sense indicates lawlessness, the
cartoon’s characterisation of the marketers as“Shylocks!” further invokes
memory of the Shakespearean Shylock who would only take pounds of flesh
in return for debt owed him. In essence, the marketers were not just going
against the law, they were also callous and cruel.
Image of suffering is reflected in the story: “2016 will be tough for
Nigeria –BisiOgujobi”.This is confirmed by the retort:“No cause for alarm,
when the going gets tough, the tough gets going!”.Nigerians in essence are
called to brace up for hard times which to all intents and purposes, have
begun to manifest by way of galloping inflation, backlog of arrears of
salaries, persistent scarcity of petroleum products, crimes and criminality,
unemployment etc.

Postures of the Imageries

The imageries depicted in the stories as analysed so far reflect both
Pro-establishment and Anti-establishment postures. This is because as the
analysis has shown, top personalities who had served or still serving in
government, institutions of government and political parties have been
targeted as subjects of ridicules in the cartoons sampled. Whichever way we
look at it, however, the portrayal of corruption in the papers seems to have its
arrows directly pointed at those who have served in government before or
had association with the immediate past administration in the country. As it
is observed, the Peoples Democratic Party, its principal officers, serving and
former, their policies and programmes and even their attempt at criticsing the
current administration have received serious searchlight under the banner of
corruption. Even some religious groups like PFN and CAN and political
party like Accord Party, which were perceived to have sympathy for or into a
form of alliance with former ruling party are also under the radar of the
cartoons’ search for evidence of corruption.

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Conversely, however, not much satiric portrayal is directed at those

currently serving in Government. Perhaps, this is because they have not been
in office for long for such corrupt tendency to manifest or because there is no
opportunity for the media to discover the underhand dealings going on since
they are still in charge. Or better still, may be the promise of Government to
stamp out corruption is finally yielding the desired results. Whichever one is
the likely reason, only time will tell.
The anti-establishment posture of the cartoons is however more
manifest in the portrayal of images of responsibilities, political failure, and
brutality/cruelty/suffering. This is because the cartoons in several instances
constantly remind the APC led government to deliver its promise of change
instead of blaming the former ruling for current challenges. The posture is
also reflected in the reminder on the backlog of salaries government need to
pay, in the brutal inclination of our defence mechanism especially the police,
and in the harsh economic reality promoted by shylock oil marketers who
seem to be beyond the control of Government.

Conclusion
Attempt is made in this work to make a critical analysis of the use of
satire as a form of imagery to depict some political issues in cartoons as
featured in the Nigerian national dailies. In the main, the work examine the
dominant imagery in political cartoons as featured in the dailies and
determine whether the imagery conveyed by political cartoons are pro -
establishment or anti-establishment. From the analysis, it has been
established that the images of corruption, official responsibility, political
failure and brutality/cruelty/suffering are dominantly presented in that order.
It has also been established that in terms of portrayal of corruption, the anti-
establishment postures of the cartoon is geared towards those formerly in
government and the allied institutions. However, when it comes to the
portrayal of images of responsibility, political failure and
brutality/cruelty/suffering both those aligned to the current and past
governments are not spared the whips of the ridicule.
In conclusion, therefore, there is a certainty that the papers have used
the instrument of satire to project what they perceived to be the dominant ills
of the society. In so doing, there is also a subtle attempt to correct those ills
by suggesting alternatives which they considered to be in the best interest of
common man.

Recommendations
In view of the findings established in this work, the following
recommendations are hereby advanced:

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i. While the searchlight on the corrupt activities of the past government

functionaries is an encouraging step by the press, a corresponding focus
relevant to the current administration will also help in the war against
corruption. So, efforts should be stepped up in this regard;
ii. The papers should consistently focus their efforts on the
responsibilities of those in and out of government so as to make them sit up
and promote a more just, productive and corrupt free society;
iii. The short, witty nature of the pocket cartoon and the punchy nature
of the message it delivers has made it necessary for other newspaper
establishments to key into the adoption of this key ingredient of news
production on regular basis so as to ensure public sensitivities on major
national issues;
iv. More research endeavours on the imperatives of cartoons as a means
of encouraging public involvement in national discourse need to be
conducted on regular basis so as to advance a more productive frontier in
both the academic and national issues.

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Appendix
Dat Paper Issue/News Cartoon Dat Paper Issue/news Cartoon
e comment e comment
Jan The Fani- Please ignore Jan The Federal I bet there
1st Nation Kayode: this 14th Nation Govt has (are) more
Jonathan’s news…silen no record GHOSTS
Govt ce is the best of its than
bought answer to a workers – workers
arms to f… National News
fight Boko Mirror Badmouth!
Haram Bayelsa: I No wonder
don’t need you lost
Jonathan’s
Leaders wife to win
hip –Sylva My friend,
Card tell
readers Orubebe!
saved our
democracy
from
election
riggers –
Igini
Jan Leaders I will by talking Jan The EFCC to Yes… and
. hip continue to anyhow? 15th Nation Falae, they must
2nd prosecute Odili, refund
meaningful Ladoja: with
programs Refund interest
for Ekiti cash or
People – face trial
GovFayose
National
Mirror I hope he
Workers’ is aware of
welfare is salary
our priority backlog?
Leaders –Lai
hip Mohamme Return all
d the money

We are
striving to
rebuild
PDP –
National

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Chairman
Jan N/A N/A N/A Jan Leaders We ‘ll back By
3rd 16th hip Buhari to returning
end all stolen
insurgency loot!
–PDP
Jan The Same as - Jan Leaders Obasanjo With
4th Nation Jan 1st 17th hip obtains Specialisat
masters ion in
Leaders Petrol Why didn’t degree in Satanic
hip Price: 50 they tell Theology – Verses?
kobo Obasanjo News
reduction and Jonathan
too little to that?
cheer –
National PDP Lion heart!
Mirror Bafra With treated
agitator: I mosquito net
prefer to you are safe!
remain in
detention –
Kanu
Jan The Oil Shylocks! Jan The I have Okay, you
5th Nation marketers 18th Nation never have only
defy robbed in stolen,
GovtOrdes, my life – …ehn?
sell fuel suspected
above National robber Remember
National N86.50- but you Mirror Aregbesola , an hungry
Mirror News promise Tasks man is an
Change, eh! workers on angry
FG Balmes dedication man!
Jonathan Leaders –News
for fuel hip
Scarcity- EFCC They ask
Leaders News didn’t ask you to
hip who is this me to chop it!
Clown? return
money –
Nigerians OluFalae
will beg
PDP to
return-
PDP
chieftain
Jan The N47.5B for N45.5b?...G Jan The We didn’t Ha HaHa,
6th Nation lawmakers’ od 19th Nation benefit I dey laugh
cars Deyooooo! from ooo… but
wasteful, Dasuki’s time will
says TUC largesse – tell

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CAN, PFN

Leaders What is this National

hip Me, man saying? Mirror 2016 will No cause
Obanikoro be tough for alarm,
and Others for Nigeria when the
could not – going gets
win Lagos BisiOgujob tough, the
for PDP i tough gets
because of Leaders going!
Buhari – hip
Bode PDP govs, Can
George senators, anyone be
reps begin better than
search for Orubebe?
credible
national
chairman –
News
Jan The Nigerian Lucky guy, Jan N/A N/A N/A
7th Nation beaten to here, 20th
state of Nigerians are
coma in beaten to
Asian state of full
country – stop!
National News
Mirror Are you sure
Ebonyi they are not
Police lose yet
two rifles exchanged
Leaders to hudlums for money?
hip –News
Return all
We are the money
striving to first
build new
PDP –
National
Chairman
Jan The Report all Ah, they are Jan Leaders Saraki, You Plan
8th Nation fuel many o… 21st hip Dogara, to kidnap
stations you wan try Atiku, them?
selling Badagry others will
above Expressway? soon return
N86.50 – to PDP –
National Trade Doubting Senator
Mirror Union Thomas! Nnaji

New Petrol

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Pump price
Leaders Deceptive why are you
hip –PDP vexing?

Declaring
Yahaya
Bello Gov-
elect a
waste of
time –PDP

Jan Jan The Nigerians fa,fa,

9th 22n Nation will beg foul…even
d
PDP to if you use
return – juju for
PDP Nigerians
Chieftain
National I hope he
Mirror is aware of
Workers salary
welfare is backlog?
our priority
–Lai
Mohamme
d
N/A N/A N/A Jan N/A N/A N/A
Jan 23r
10th d

The 295 …and how Jan N/A N/A N/A

Jan Nation policemen many 24th
11th were killed innocent
last year, Nigerians
says Lagos were
Police maimed by
National Commissio policemen?
Mirror ner
EU to help Haba,
Nigeria everything is
tackle imported…it
Boko is imported
Haram – military
News power again!

Jan The S2.1 bn Just return Jan The Nigerians Why not?
12th Nation arms that money 25th Nation pay lowest …their
scandal: and stop taxes –Tax take home
Cash was telling us Experts pay
to “tales by doesn’t
campaign moonlight” take them
for home

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National Jonathan – National

Mirror Accord Mirror Aregbesola
party That is rule tasks Remember
” of law in a workers on , an hungry
Dasuki, democratic dedication man is an
Kanu: setting! Leaders –News angry
Buhari has hip man!
created Metuh kept
constitution with 419 Family
al crisis – suspects – reunion
Lawyers news

Jan The Nigeria return to do Jan The Dasukigate you must

13th Nation will beg what? …to 26th Nation : Nobody drop that
PDP to finally bury can money or
return – the prosecute else 10
PDP chief economy? me for million
collecting Nigerians‘l
National Buhari: We all N100m – l march on
Mirror Corruption know! Clean National Falae Akure!
in NNPC up the rot Mirror Is it still
worse than Armed worth
Leaders arms Forces dying for
hip scandal Leaders Remembra this
.We need When did hip nce Day Nation?
new you know Orubebe is
constitution this? PDP raises the most
to perform 18-man credible!
–PDP team
search for
credible
national
chairman –
News
Jan The Armsgate: You should Jan The Alleged Hmmm…a
28th Nation Metuh in all cover 27th Nation N23B Governme
handcuffs, your faces in Fraud: nt
PDP kicks shame EFCC appearing
–News instead of charges before a
kicking Tompolo Court?
National We didn’t National in Lagos –
Mirror benefit It is Mirror News Let’s see if
from impossible, Buhari heads will
Dasuki’s Nigerians Orders roll!
largesse - can’t be probe into
CAN/PFN deceived! Leaders abduction
Leaders hip of Chibok
hip We need girls – He is an
new News abandoned
constitution When did property?

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to perform you know We won’t

–PDP that? provide
sureties for
Metuh –
PDP
Jan The Arms deal: You are just Jan Leaders We used So what?
29th Nation nobody can using 30th hip 85% of our
prosecute “ogboju”… revenue to
me for what you pay salary
collecting collected is –Former
N100m – blood money Gov Wada
Falae and it must
be returned
Leaders
hip PDP nearly Nearly?
crashed
Nigeria –
Hon
Kaugama
Jan Leaders OlisaMetuh So that he
31st hip out of will steal
detention, more?
says PDP
will regain
power in
2019 –
News

141